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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Pompe marine biologique“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Pompe marine biologique"
Jalbert, Jean. „La Camargue, un delta face au défi climatique“. Annales des Mines - Responsabilité et environnement N° 112, Nr. 4 (25.10.2023): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/re1.112.0104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSimonet, Michèle. „Albert Calmette, le père de la sérothérapie antivenimeuse et de la vaccination antituberculeuse“. Revue de biologie médicale 349, Nr. 4 (01.08.2019): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.3917/rbm.349.0043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Pompe marine biologique"
Louis, Justine. „Comportement des éléments biogéochimiques en Méditerranée à l'interface air-mer dans un contexte de changement climatique“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066527/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis was to assess the biogeochemical effect of two forcings: the ocean acidification and the dust deposition. Firstly, we showed that in the Low Nutrient Low Chlorophyll (LNLC) area the effect of the ocean acidification on the marine cycle of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) will be likely negligible. The pH decrease of the surface waters depleted in N and P would not affect the speciation of these elements, and the absence of effect on the composition of the plankton community would not lead to a shift in the dynamic of inorganic nutrients. Secondly, the experiments performed during this thesis allowed a better parametrization of the post-depositional processes of atmospheric nutrients in the surface seawater after a Saharan event. The exchanges dissolved/particulate occurred in the short timescale. They were controlled by both the particles dynamic and the nature of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) that can aggregate with the lithogenic particles. Under ocean acidification conditions, while the dissolution of anthropogenic elements adsorbed onto dust, such as the inorganic nitrogen, will not be affected, the dissolution of the crustal elements (P and Fe) could be higher and faster according the formation of organic-dust aggregates. The major role of the aggregation process on the availability of atmospheric nutrients was highlighted by the rapid and large abiotic formation of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) following the dust deposition to the surface waters
Louis, Justine. „Comportement des éléments biogéochimiques en Méditerranée à l'interface air-mer dans un contexte de changement climatique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066527.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis was to assess the biogeochemical effect of two forcings: the ocean acidification and the dust deposition. Firstly, we showed that in the Low Nutrient Low Chlorophyll (LNLC) area the effect of the ocean acidification on the marine cycle of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) will be likely negligible. The pH decrease of the surface waters depleted in N and P would not affect the speciation of these elements, and the absence of effect on the composition of the plankton community would not lead to a shift in the dynamic of inorganic nutrients. Secondly, the experiments performed during this thesis allowed a better parametrization of the post-depositional processes of atmospheric nutrients in the surface seawater after a Saharan event. The exchanges dissolved/particulate occurred in the short timescale. They were controlled by both the particles dynamic and the nature of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) that can aggregate with the lithogenic particles. Under ocean acidification conditions, while the dissolution of anthropogenic elements adsorbed onto dust, such as the inorganic nitrogen, will not be affected, the dissolution of the crustal elements (P and Fe) could be higher and faster according the formation of organic-dust aggregates. The major role of the aggregation process on the availability of atmospheric nutrients was highlighted by the rapid and large abiotic formation of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) following the dust deposition to the surface waters
Sabourdy, Manon. „Nouvelles approches moléculaires pour étudier le rôle de l’activité phytoplanctonique sur le climat et les écosystèmes dans l’océan Austral“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0450.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe biological pump of the Southern Ocean (BPSO) is a key component of a highly sensitive and rapidly changing food web. It also serves as an efficient mechanism for sequestering anthropogenic CO₂. Over past climate cycles, it has played a critical role in regulating atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. Despite its importance, the future of the BPSO remains uncertain, given the discrepancies between various projections for the coming century. This uncertainty largely stems from the limited data available beyond the instrumental record, which for the Antarctic region only spans the last few decades and the lack of previous studies on soft-tissue phytoplankton communities (non-fossilizable) in past environmental contexts. It is therefore essential to study past climate archives to better understand the evolution of the BPSO and its relationship with oceanic, atmospheric, and sea-ice conditions over the past millennia. For the first time, ancient sedimentary DNA (sedaDNA) sequences combined with lipid biomarker data offer insight into the distribution and evolution of phytoplankton communities in relation to environmental conditions in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) region during the Holocene. The soft-tissue phytoplankton identified primarily belong to the divisions Stramenopiles, Cryptophytes, and Chlorophytes, with regional and temporal variations. From the early to mid-Holocene (8,000 to 4,000 years BP), conditions were generally warmer, leading to open ocean zones where primary production was dominated by diatoms (85-95% of the total phytoplankton), with a significant proportion of Cryptophytes (~50%) among the soft-bodied organisms. Over the past 4,000 years BP, ocean conditions showed cooling and an extension of the sea-ice season. Primary productivity increased, primarily driven by higher siliceous productivity, with diatom abundances exceeding 95% of total phytoplankton, while the contribution of soft-tissue phytoplankton decreased but became more diverse with the emergence of Chlorophytes alongside Cryptophytes. The study of the last millennium revealed a transition from natural conditions to an environment altered by current climate changes. The last 1,000 years BP were relatively cold, often associated with strong sea-ice conditions. Primary productivity declined, accompanied by a reduction in diatom contributions and an increase in soft-tissue organisms' role in carbon export to sediments. Finally, since 1850 CE (the post-industrial period), warming sea subsurface temperatures (by 0.3 ± 0.6°C) and reduced winter sea-ice cover have led to a sharp increase in the proportion of Cryptophytes (+10%) at the expense of diatoms. In this context, phytoplankton community compositions have already begun to change and now resemble those observed during the mid-Holocene. If this trend continues, diatoms could be progressively replaced by soft-tissue organisms, which are less efficient at exporting organic carbon to sediments, thereby reducing the long-term CO₂ sequestration capacity of the BPSO in the Antarctic Peninsula region
Toullec, Jordan. „Etude des interactions diatomées-copépodes sur l'export de carbone, dans un contexte de changement climatique : apports expérimentaux et étude in situ Copepod grazing influences diatom aggregation and particle dynamics, in Frontiers in Marine Science 6, March 2019“. Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BRES0017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe biological carbon pump transfers CO2 from the atmosphere to the deep ocean as particulate organic matter. By forming aggregates, diatoms contribute strongly to the particle flux.Copepods, in terms of abundance and diversity, dominate zooplankton assemblages, are the main consumers of diatoms and play and key role in the carbon export via faecal pellets egestion. Nutrient limitations mainly occur at the end of phytoplankton blooms, but are also an expected consequence of global warming. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the role of copepod/diatom interactions on carbon export in a context of climate change.The results obtained show that nutrient limitations affecting diatoms biochemical composition, that influences copepods feeding activity and the export efficiency of faecal pellets. I have also shown that the functional traits of copepods can influence both the aggregates formation and their dynamics. Finally, using data from an oceanographic campaign carried out during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom, I observed that silicon limitation after sea ice retreat contributes to the aggregates formation. Copepods, at the end of the bloom migrate under the mixing layer where the aggregates are most abundant, which may suggest that the aggregates could be used as a food
Drago, Laetitia. „Analyse globale de la pompe à carbone biologique à partir de données en imagerie quantitative“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS562.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe biological carbon pump (BCP) plays a central role in the global ocean carbon cycle, transporting carbon from the surface to the deep ocean and sequestering it for long periods. This work aims to analyse two key players of the BCP: zooplankton and particles. To this end, we use in situ imaging data from the Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP5) to investigate two primary axes: 1) the global distribution of zooplankton biomass and 2) carbon export in the context of a North Atlantic spring bloom. Our objectives includes a quantification of global zooplankton biomass, enhancing our comprehension of the BCP via morphological analysis of particles, and assessing and comparing the gravitational flux of detrital particles during a the North Atlantic spring bloom using high-resolution UVP5 data. With the help of UVP5 imagery and machine learning through habitat models using boosted regression trees, we investigate the global distribution of zooplankton biomass and its ecological implications. The results show maximum zooplankton biomass values around 60°N and 55°S and minimum values within the oceanic gyres, with a global biomass dominated by crustaceans and rhizarians. By employing machine learning techniques on globally homogeneous data, this study provides taxonomical insights into the distribution of 19 large zooplankton groups (1-50 mm equivalent spherical diameter). This first protocol estimates global, spatially resolved zooplankton biomass and community composition from in situ imaging observations of individual organisms. In addition, within the unique context of the EXPORTS 2021 campaign, we analyse UVP5 data obtained by deploying three instruments in a highly retentive eddy. After clustering the 1,720,914 images using Morphocluster, a semi-autonomous classification software, we delve into the characteristics of the marine particles, studying their morphology through an oblique framework that follows a plume of detrital particles between the surface and 800 m depth. The results of the plume following approach show that, contrary to expectations, aggregates become unexpectedly larger, denser, more circular and more complex with depth. In contrast, the evolution of fecal pellets is more heterogeneous and shaped by zooplankton activity. Such results challenge previous expectations and may require a reassessment of our view of sinking aggregates and fecal pellets. We also studied concentration and carbon flux dynamics using a more traditional 1D framework where we explore the three key elements in flux estimation from in situ imaging data by comparing UVP5 and sediment trap flux estimates: size range covered, sinking rate and carbon content. According to the current literature, neutrally buoyant sediment traps (NBST) and surface-tethered traps (STT) usually cover a size range from 10 µm to approximately 2 mm. In our study, we have found that by expanding the UVP size range to 10 µm and limiting it to 2 mm, a more consistent comparison can be made between UVP5-generated flux and sediment trap fluxes (obtained by colleagues). However, it is worth noting that there remains a large flux contribution above this size threshold, necessitating further investigation of its implications through the use of complementary approaches such as the use of sediment traps with larger openings. This manuscript not only advances our knowledge, but also addresses critical challenges in estimating zooplankton biomass and particle dynamics during export events. The findings of this study open up new avenues for future research on the biological carbon pump and deepen our understanding of marine ecosystems
Benoiston, Anne-Sophie. „Méta-omique et méta-données environnementales : vers une nouvelle compréhension de la pompe à carbone biologique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS182.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe biological carbon pump encompasses a series of processes including the primary production of organic matter in the surface ocean, its export to deeper waters and its remineralization. The common highlighted actors are diatoms because of their contribution to primary production and carbon export and copepods for their production of fecal pellets. However, the biological pump is the result of complex interactions among organisms rather than their independent actions. Besides, although size distribution and mineral composition of phytoplankton in surface was shown to significantly influence the strength of carbon export, it is unknown whether meta-omic data can efficiently predict the processes of the biological carbon pump. In this thesis, I first propose to revisit the study of the biological carbon pump in the oligotrophic ocean by defining biogeochemical states of the ocean based on the relative contribution of primary production, carbon export and flux attenuation in Tara Oceans sampling stations. The analysis of the states in terms of microbial composition and interactions inferred from metabarcoding data revealed that variation in associations rather than lineages presence seems to drive the states of the biological carbon pump. Then, by using meta-omics and environmental parameters from the Tara Oceans expeditions, I propose the first study trying to predict biogeochemical states from biological abundances derived from environmental DNA, with the goal of providing a list of biomarkers
Pascual, Ortiz Marina [Verfasser]. „The Schizosaccharomyces pombe bifunctional enzyme Asp1 regulates cellular levels of 1,5-bisdiphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate / Marina Pascual Ortiz“. Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1151698326/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePascual-Ortiz, Marina [Verfasser]. „The Schizosaccharomyces pombe bifunctional enzyme Asp1 regulates cellular levels of 1,5-bisdiphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate / Marina Pascual Ortiz“. Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1151698326/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeilland, Julie. „Rôle des foraminifères planctoniques dans le cycle du carbone marin des hautes latitudes (Océan Indien Austral)“. Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0059/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlanktonic foraminifera contribute to the marine biological carbon pump by generating organic (cytoplasm) and inorganic (shell) carbon fluxes. In this study, we characterized LPF total abundances, assemblages and test morphometry (minimum diameter) along 19 stations sampled by stratified plankton net (Multinet), during three consecutive austral summers (2012-2014) in the Southern Indian Ocean (30°S-60°S, 50°E-80°E). By demonstrating the efficiency of CPR for LPF sampling, we analysed population dynamic between 19 multinet sampling stations, showing the effect of frontal position on LPF production. To better constrain the impact of those organisms in the biological carbon pump at high latitudes, we have quantified the individual protein-biomass and test calcite mass of more than 2000 LPF. Differences in size-normalized protein-biomass and in size-normalized weight between years, species, and water bodies suggest that environmental parameters affect the production of planktonic foraminifera organic and inorganic carbon to varying degrees. Consequently, planktonic foraminifera are assumed to affect the biological carbon pump, depending on ecological conditions and biological prerequisites. The applicability of planktonic foraminifera tests as proxy of the past biological carbon pump in high latitudes would hence critically depend on the effect exerted by changing in ecological conditions, and the presence of different species. This study proposes a first estimation of planktonic foraminifera Corg and Cinorg standing stock and fluxes in the Southern Indian Ocean
Terrats, Louis. „Le flux de carbone particulaire et le lien avec la communauté phytoplanctonique : une approche par flotteurs-profileurs biogéochimiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS550.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe ocean plays a key role in the climate by exchanging large quantities of carbon with the atmosphere. Atmospheric carbon is fixed at the ocean surface by phytoplankton that transforms it into biogenic carbon, part of which is transported to the deep ocean by physical and biological mechanisms; this is the Biological Carbon Pump (BCP). A tiny fraction of this biogenic carbon reaches sufficient depths to be sequestered for several centuries before it returns to the atmosphere, thus regulating concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Today, we know enough about the BCP to recognize its importance in climate, but our knowledge of its functioning is limited due to insufficient sampling of biogenic carbon fluxes. Here, we used BioGeoChimical-Argo floats, observational platforms designed to solve the undersampling problem, to explore a major mechanism of the BCP called the gravitational pump. The gravitational pump is the transport of biogenic carbon in the form of organic particles (POC) that sink from the surface into the deep ocean. Our study of the gravitational pump is divided into three axes. The first axis consisted of developing a method to detect blooms of coccolithophores, a major phytoplankton group that potentially has an important control on the transport of POC at depth. The second axis focused on the seasonal and regional variability of POC fluxes in the Southern Ocean, an undersampled area in which several floats have been deployed with an optical sediment trap (OST). Only ten floats were equipped with an OST, which is low compared to the whole BGC-Argo fleet (i.e. several hundred floats). Therefore, in the third axis, we developed a method to estimate the POC flux with the standard sensors of BGC-Argo floats. This method was then applied to hundreds of floats to describe the seasonal variability of the POC flux in many regions. In this study, we also highlighted the link between the POC flux and the nature of surface particles. For example, we calculated relationships between phytoplankton community composition and POC flux at 1000m. Using these relationships, we then used satellite observations to extrapolate POC flux to large spatial scales, such as the entire Southern Ocean and the global ocean