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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Polyurethane foam smart mattress“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Polyurethane foam smart mattress"
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Jenkins, R. O., T.-A. Morris, P. J. Craig, W. Goessler, N. Ostah und K. M. Wills. „Evaluation of cot mattress inner foam as a potential site for microbial generation of toxic gases“. Human & Experimental Toxicology 19, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2000): 693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/096032700670028460.
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Recent reports of biovolatilisation of phosphorus and antimony by anaerobic bacteria and of leaching of phosphorus and antimony fire-retardant additives from PVC cot mattress covers, indicate that the polyurethane inner-foam of cot mattresses could be a site for generation of toxic gases of group 15 elements. A toxic gas hypothesis for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) involving polyurethane foam of cot mattresses was proposed and tested experimentally. Levels of antimony, phosphorus, arsenic and bismuth were determined at four sites for 44 SIDS and 50 control (no death) cot mattress foams. There was no evidence to suggest that the levels of these elements in cot mattress foam have a causal relation to SIDS. Leaching of antimony trioxide from PVC mattress covers could account for detectable levels of this element in 52% of the cot mattress samples analysed. Volatile forms of antimony, phosphorus, arsenic and bismuth was not detected in the headspace of mixed or monoseptic cultures of anaerobic bacteria containing polyurethane foam. Past microbial activity had given rise to involatile methylated species of antimony in some of the cot mattress foams tested (61%, n = 24). Abiotic oxidation of biogenic trimethylatimony together with physical adsorption of methylantmony forms to the polyurethane foam matrix could account for the apparent absence of “escaped” volatile antimony species in culture headspaces of incubation vial. There was no evidence to suggest that levels of trimethylantimony or total methylantimony forms in cot mattress foams have a causal relation to SIDS.
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FUWA, YASUHIRO, WAN ZUHA WAN HASAN und HIROSHI YAMADA. „MEASUREMENT AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE LOAD-DEPENDENT PRESSURE REDISTRIBUTION BEHAVIOR OF VARIOUS TYPES OF MATTRESSES“. Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 20, Nr. 05 (Juni 2020): 2050031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519420500311.
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Load dependence must be kept in mind when evaluating mattress pressure redistribution, to prevent the development of pressure ulcers at bony prominences. However, there is no standardized method for analyzing load-dependent behavior after mattress pressure redistribution. In this study, a portable palmtop device with a simple load-sensing mechanism was developed for measuring the mean pressure exerted by a protruding shaft surrounded by a disc on low-resilience polyurethane (LRPu) foam, latex foam, coconut fiber and latex (CFL) mattresses, as well as polyurethane (Pu) foam bed and an LRPu foam mattress laid on a bed. Finite element (FE) analysis was used to analyze deformation and contact pressure in detail. The pressure redistribution was greatest for the LRPu foam mattress, and excessive compression was avoided by using an underlay made of stiff Pu foam. FE analysis revealed that the contact pressure increased significantly near the outer circumference of the protruding shaft and the surrounding disc. Significant nonuniformity in pressure was evident, according to the edge and bottom geometry of the device. The measurements and FE analysis revealed load-dependent pressure redistribution behavior, which should allow mattresses to be tailored on an individual basis.
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Vickery, Walker M., Juhi Singh, Jason D. Orlando, Ting-Chih Lin, Julia Wang und Stefanie A. Sydlik. „Polyurethane-grafted graphene oxide from repurposed foam mattress waste“. RSC Advances 15, Nr. 4 (2025): 2737–48. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ra06691j.
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Vlaović, Zoran, Nino Klarić und Danijela Domljan. „Investigating the Impact of Long-Term Use on Mattress Firmness and Sleep Quality—Preliminary Results“. Applied Sciences 14, Nr. 21 (02.11.2024): 10016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app142110016.
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Mattress comfort, often associated with firmness, is a complex construct influenced by factors such as material composition, construction, and personal preference. In this short communication paper, we indirectly investigated the effects of long-term mattress use on its hardness and sleep quality by observing the changes in the mattress. A mechanical durability test was performed on two structurally different mattress samples (with polyurethane core and pocket spring core) using a modified method based on the EN 1957 standard, aiming to understand the long-term effects of mattress characteristics on sleep quality. Preliminary results confirm that the mattress samples can maintain firmness and support during long-term use. The polyurethane foam mattress experienced initial compression but quickly stabilized, while the pocket spring mattress showed slight softening, maintaining overall firmness. For the polyurethane mattress, after the initial drop, the hardness value stabilized, varying between 7.53 and 9.03 N/mm, and at the end of the test, it stopped at 8.60 N/mm. The firmness rating stabilized at 4.3, showing minimal fluctuation between 4.0 and 4.6 throughout the process, while the total height loss was 3.79 mm. The hardness value of pocket spring mattresses generally decreased with increasing test cycles (it started at 5.86 N/mm and ended at 5.21 N/mm). The firmness remained relatively stable, varying between 7.3 and 7.1, and the total height loss was only 2.86 mm. The findings suggest that the firmness of a mattress can be changed with its use, highlighting the need for further research on a larger number of samples in the direction of the long-term implications of these changes on sleep comfort.
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Liu, Qingqing, Yanting Gu, Wei Xu, Tao Lu, Wenjun Li und Haibin Fan. „Compressive Properties of Polyurethane Fiber Mattress Filling Material“. Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 12 (16.06.2022): 6139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126139.
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There is an inevitable trend toward exploring new, environmentally friendly fibers that can be used as raw material for mattresses with moderate hardness and air-permeable characteristics. Ethylene-propylene side by side (ES), high-shrinkage fibers, and thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) chips were introduced into polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET)/polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) chip by melt blending to modify PET/PBT fiber. The modified PET/PBT (hereinafter referred to as PLON) is more suitable for mattress filling material than PET/PBT. To explore the compressive properties of PLON cushion made of PLON fiber and expand the scope of the PLON cushion’s application, a layered hardness test, hardness classification test and variance analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the surface hardness, core hardness, bottom hardness and hardness classification of the mattress made of PLON cushion. The conclusions are: (1) The materials of the support layer have a significant effect on the hardness grade S. The hardness of the mattress with PLON as the support layer is between the spring and the coir; (2) when PLON is used as the material of the support layer, it possesses higher supporting force than coir and the characteristics of light weight and high resilience, which coir does not have; it is also softer than a spring mattress. As cushion material, it provides higher support for mattresses than foam. Practical applications, densities and structure were clarified through the above research, with implications for broader applications for PLON blocks in mattress products.
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Hillier, K., T. Schupp und I. Carney. „An Investigation into VOC Emissions from Polyurethane Flexible Foam Mattresses“. Cellular Polymers 22, Nr. 4 (Juli 2003): 237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248930302200402.
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Emissions of volatile species from flexible polyurethane foam mattresses were investigated by using large scale chamber tests designed to replicate the product use as mattress cores. Various trace impurities were identified and their concentrations were measured for input into a human health and toxicity risk assessment, which has concluded that none was injurious to health. The raw materials used to make the foam were analysed to identify the source of emanations and routes to their reduction or elimination. Several analytical artefacts were identified, and some recommendations made for their avoidance. Detailed product knowledge was essential to the reliable interpretation of analytical data. A quantitative risk assessment was carried out on each of the volatiles. No evidence of any human health risk was identified from the ‘worst-case’ exposure model employed
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Haigh, Robert. „A Review and Thermal Conductivity Experimental Program of Mattress Waste Material as Insulation in Building and Construction Systems“. Construction Materials 4, Nr. 2 (29.04.2024): 401–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/constrmater4020022.
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The building and construction industry consumes a significant amount of natural resources alongside contributing to the generation of waste materials. Addressing the dual challenge of waste management and recycling in this sector is imperative. This study begins with a bibliometric assessment to identify waste materials used as insulation in building and construction systems. The assessment of 2627 publications revealed mattress waste materials were seldom considered. The aim of this research focuses on exploring alternative methods for repurposing mattress materials in construction, aiming to mitigate waste generation. While various materials are being recycled for building applications, this research emphasises the potential of incorporating recycled polyurethane foam (PUF) from mattresses as insulation products. A transient plane source (TPS) was employed to determine the thermal conductivity of waste mattress PUF obtained from a recycling plant in Victoria, Australia. The results exhibited promising thermal resistance, with a mean value of 0.053 Wm/K. However, optimal thermal performance was observed with increased thickness, suggesting that a thickness of 215mm aligns with industry standards for building fabric systems. Further research is required to comprehensively analyse moisture resistance and fire retardation of waste mattress materials. This paper presents key findings of current trends, limitations, and future research directions to the use of waste mattress PUF as an insulation material.
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Jaiswal, Harshi, Mahesh N. Gopalasamudram und Jaya Maitra. „Improvisation in wicking property of flexible polyurethane foams by adding bamboo and gelatin fillers“. Brazilian Journal of Development 10, Nr. 1 (16.01.2024): 1143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv10n1-075.
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PU foam is one of the softest, most easily accessible, and affordable mattress materials. In PU foam, wider pores and a more open-cell structure have both advantages and drawbacks. Despite having fewer cells PU foam does not control airflow very effectively and commonly faces criticism for causing body heat and for retaining moisture. A warm, humid climate because of stored body moisture and sweat functions as a haven for bacteria and germs and encourages the proliferation of dust mites contributing to excessive odour and allergic reactions. This study aims to investigate the impact of bamboo and gelatin filler dosage or loading on the wicking property of the foam by using a discontinuous foaming process. Foams with gelatin and bamboo fillers were prepared at 2, 4, and 8% by weight concentrations, respectively, along with a standard 32-density foam without filler. A comparative study was conducted on the effect of increasing filler content on the wicking and mechanical properties of the foam. The wicking and porosity levels of bamboo-filled foam were higher than standard foam and gelatin-loaded foam. With increasing concentrations of bamboo filler, a rapid increase in foam wicking by 7–10 mm was noted. However, an increase in gelatin filler concentration resulted in an increase in foam porosity and elongation with a slight improvement in wicking ability. Improvisation in the wicking property of the foam was observed with dosage increment of bamboo filler. According to this research findings, the bamboo powder can be utilized as a filler to enhance wicking properties in flexible polyurethane foam.
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Bai, Dorothy Li, Tsai-Wen Liu, Hsiu-Ling Chou und Yeh-Liang Hsu. „Relationship between a pressure redistributing foam mattress and pressure injuries: An observational prospective cohort study“. PLOS ONE 15, Nr. 11 (09.11.2020): e0241276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241276.
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Background and purpose Pressure injuries remain a significant health care issue in various settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a pressure redistributing foam mattress (PRFM) and the development of pressure injuries. Methods This study employed an observational prospective cohort study design. We enrolled 254 participants from the intensive care unit who were at risk of developing pressure injuries. Participants were exposed to either a nonpressure redistributing foam mattress (NPRFM), which was the standard mattress used at the study site, or a PRFM made of viscoelastic, temperature-sensitive, polyurethane memory foam. The patients’ assignment to either a PRFM or NPRFM was performed upon their admission, before the study eligibility screening. The relationship between the PRFM and the development of pressure injuries was studied using a logistic regression model. Results The overall incidence of pressure injuries was 5.9% (15/254) in our study, with 1.6% (2/127) for participants who used a PRFM and 10.2% (13/127) for those using a NPRFM. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, use of a PRFM was associated with an 88% reduced risk of pressure injury development (OR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.56, P = 0.007). The use of a PRFM also contributed to a postponed occurrence of pressure injuries by 4.2 days on average in comparison with that of a NPRFM (P = 0.041). Conclusions A PRFM is associated with a significantly reduced incidence and postponed occurrence of pressure injuries. It is recommended to use a PRFM for patients at risk of developing pressure injuries.
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Brady, Sarah, Dermot Diamond und King-Tong Lau. „Inherently conducting polymer modified polyurethane smart foam for pressure sensing“. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 119, Nr. 2 (April 2005): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2004.10.020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Polyurethane foam smart mattress"
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Kengoum, Pedie Claude Elvire. „Conception et optimisation d'un matelas de ballistocardiographie“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLP078.
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Ce travail de thèse aborde la problématique des méthodes de surveillance des patients, en particulier des nouveau-nés, qui souffrent de limitations en termes de coûts, d'efficacité et d'invasivité. Elle explore une technologie innovante de surveillance non intrusive basée sur la ballistocardiographie (BCG). Cette méthode utilise un matelas équipé de capteurs intégrés pour mesurer les déformations dues à l'activité cardiovasculaire. Pour assurer la précision des mesures, une série d'essais sur des échantillons de mousses de polyuréthane prélevés dans des matelas médicaux a été réalisée, suivie de modélisations numériques validées expérimentalement. Les résultats montrent qu'il est nécessaire d'établir, grâce au modèle numérique, les zones du matelas à privilégier afin d'obtenir des informations précises et fiables sur l'activité cardiovasculaire. Ces travaux ouvrent la voie à des applications médicales en néonatologie, pédiatrie et télémédecine, pour une surveillance cardiaque plus accessible et moins invasiveThis thesis addresses the issue of patient monitoring methods, particularly for newborns, which face limitations in terms of cost, efficiency, and invasiveness. It explores an innovative non-intrusive monitoring technology based on ballistocardiography (BCG). This method uses a mattress equipped with integrated sensors to measure deformations caused by cardiovascular activity. To ensure measurement accuracy, a series of testson polyurethane foam samples taken from medical mattresses was conducted, followed by numerically validated modeling. The results show that it is necessary, through the numerical model, to establish the areas of the mattress to prioritize in order to obtain precise and reliable information on cardiovascular activity. This work paves the way for medical applications in neonatology, pediatrics, and telemedicine, offering more accessible and less invasive cardiac monitoring solutions
Bücher zum Thema "Polyurethane foam smart mattress"
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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Uncovered Polyurethane Foam Mattress Cores. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Uncovered Polyurethane Foam Mattress Cores. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Polyurethane foam smart mattress"
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Farukh, M., Jasvir Dalal, Anil Ohlan und S. K. Dhawan. „Synthesis of Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) Conducting Polymer Composites for EMI Shielding Applications“. In Smart Materials Design for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Applications, 213–70. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815036428122010008.
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This chapter gives a brief oversight of the preparation, characterization, and electromagnetic interference shielding studies of conducting polymer and MWCNT composites. The different approaches have been implemented to fabricate composites, which are used as EMI shielding materials. The key emphasis has been given to PEDOT conducting polymer, which is synthesized via emulsion polymerization. The topographical and chemical analyses of polymer composite samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermo gravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The dielectric and electromagnetic shielding measurements of the polymer composites were conducted by a vector network analyzer. In addition, PEDOT/MWCNT coated polyurethane foam usage as an antistatic material has also been discussed in this chapter.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Polyurethane foam smart mattress"
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Campbell, J. E., G. D. Hibbard und H. E. Naguib. „Design, Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Pyramidal Periodic Cellular Metal/Polyurethane Foam Hybrid Materials“. In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-318.
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A new type of hybrid material was designed and fabricated by reinforcing periodic cellular metals (PCMs) with rigid polyurethane (PU) foams. A pyramidal PCM geometry and various densities of two-phase rigid polyurethane foam were used to fabricate three different hybrid materials. These novel hybrid materials may find useful application as cores in sandwich structures. By increasing the density of the polyurethane foam used in the PCM/PU foam hybrids, the stiffness of the hybrid increased allowing the stiffness to be tailored for a specific application. Furthermore, the strength of the hybrids was greater than that of the PCM or foam alone, and in most configurations the strength was greater than the sum of the strength of the PCM and the polyurethane foam. Next, the resilience of the hybrids was greater than that of the PCM or foam alone and was also greater than the sum of the resilience of the PCM and foam. Finally, the impact energy at which surface failure would occur was greater in the hybrid samples than the foams or the PCM and was found to increase with increasing foam density.
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Kishimoto, Satoshi, Kimiyoshi Naito, Toru Shimizu und Fuxing Yin. „Mechanical Properties of Metallic Cellular Materials With Polymer“. In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3725.
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A metallic cellular materials containing polymer was fabricated by the penetrating polymer into metal foam. The aluminum and stainless steel foams were selected for the metal foam and epoxy resin and polyurethane resin were selected for the penetrated polymer. The mechanical, damping shock absorbing properties of this material were measured. The results of the compressive tests show that this material has different stress-strain curves among the specimens that include different materials in the cells. Also, these results show that this material has high-energy absorption. The internal friction of this material was measured and the result shows that the internal friction of this material is larger than that of pure aluminum closed cellular material without any polymer and change with increasing of temperature. The shock absorbability of this material is larger than that of polymer and smaller than that of metallic cellular material.
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Kishimoto, Satoshi, Kimiyoshi Naito, Toru Shimizu und Fuxing Yin. „Mechanical Properties of Closed Cellular Materials Containing Polymer“. In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1273.
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Cellular materials have unique thermal, acoustic, damping and energy absorbing properties that can be combined with their structural efficiency. Therefore, many kinds of cellular materials have been developed and tested as energy absorbing and damping materials. Particularly, closed cellular materials are thought to have many favorable properties and applications. In this study, a metallic closed cellular materials containing polymer was fabricated by the penetrating polymer into metal foam. The aluminum and stainless steel foams were selected for the metal foam and epoxy resin and polyurethane resin were selected for the penetrated polymer. The mechanical and damping properties of this material were measured. The results of the compressive tests show that this material has different stress-strain curves among the specimens that include different materials in the cells. Also, These results show that this material has high-energy absorption. The internal friction of this material was measured and the result shows that the internal friction of this material is larger than that of pure aluminum closed cellular material without any polymer and change with increasing of temperature.
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Corney, J. R., und C. Torres-Sanchez. „Towards Functionally Graded Cellular Microstructures“. In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-414.
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Many materials require functionally graded cellular microstructures whose porosity (i.e. ratio of the void to solid volume of a material) is engineered to meet specific requirements. Indeed numerous applications have demonstrated the engineering potential of porous materials (e.g. polymeric foams) in areas ranging from biomaterial science through to structural engineering. Although a huge variety of foams can be manufactured with homogenous porosity, for heterogeneous foams there are no generic processes for controlling the distribution of porosity throughout the resulting matrix. Motivated by the desire to create a flexible process for engineering heterogeneous foams, this paper reports how ultrasound, applied during some of the foaming stages of a polyurethane (PU) melt, affects both the cellular structure and distribution of the pore size. The experimental results allowed an empirical understanding of how the parameters of ultrasound exposure (i.e. frequency and acoustic pressure) influenced the volume and distribution of pores within the final polyurethane matrix: the data demonstrates that porosity (i.e. volume fraction) varies in direct proportion to the acoustic pressure magnitude of the ultrasound signal. The effects of ultrasound on porosity demonstrated by this work offer the prospect of a manufacturing process that can adjust the cellular geometry of foam and hence ensure that the resulting characteristics match the functional requirements.
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Torres-Sánchez, C., M. Haghihi-Abayneh und P. P. Conway. „Magnetic-Assisted Alignment of Reinforcing Functionalized-Fibers in a Composite for Lightweight Structures“. In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-7911.
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Localized reinforcement of composites employed to manufacture parts for the transport industries is making possible the lightweighting of components that have a much sought-after effect in the reduction of CO2 and NOx emissions. However, its realization, through the removing of mass where it is not required and reinforcement added to areas more prone to stress from working loads, relies on the development of novel manufacturing processes that can create structures whose performance is on a par with their solid counterparts, but at a fraction of the weight and at an affordable production cost. In this work we exploit the use of a very weak and safe magnetic field to control the location and orientation of functionalized discontinuous carbon fibers within a polymeric structural (polyurethane) foam to create performance-optimized composites. Two wet-chemistry methods (i.e. in-situ precipitation-deposition and amine-co-adjuvated electrodeposition of magnetite) to transform commercial carbon fiber into a magnetically active form were explored. The resulting fibers were analyzed and characterized through a set of physico-chemical tests. The functionalized fibers were then embedded at 3 different %vol contents in the polymeric matrix at given locations and with a desired alignment. Their mechanical performance (incl. compression, tension) was assessed and benchmarked against both a similar %volumetric content but non-functionalized-reinforcement (i.e. randomly distributed) composites and to non-reinforced matrices. In the two sets of reinforced composites (random and aligned) there is a positive correlation between stiffness, yield strength and strain with increasing %vol content. Both sets outperformed the non-reinforced matrix, demonstrating good fiber adhesion within the matrix and successful load transfer from matrix to fiber. The magnetically aligned composites generally outperformed the non-functionalized ones in terms of stiffness and strength at yield.