Dissertationen zum Thema „Polynesia“
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1
Nauta, Melanie. „Walt Disney’s Moana, “We are Polynesia” : A CDA of Disney’s representation of the Polynesian culture inside Moana“. Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40639.
Annotation:
Disney is known for their family animation movies with a non-western or indigenous cultural background. Nevertheless, Disney is basically very influential for the perception of cultures by a global audience. Many studies have proven that Disney’s depiction of a certain represented culture has not always been that clean. Of course two side notes are that Disney does make movies from an American dominant perspective and second, there is no such thing as a ‘real’ or ‘correct’ culture. Now, with the movie Moana freshly released in 2016, Disney took a step in the indigenous Polynesian culture. This research uses a thorough Critical Discourse Analysis to analyse how Disney portrays Polynesia and the Polynesian culture inside four selected samples of the movie Moana. This analysis is combined with the theories and concepts of Americanisation, Disneyfication and cultural appropriation to find out mixtures of the portrayed Polynesian culture with American and Disney values. Interesting findings were that Disney indeed portrays a hotchpotch of many cultures that can be found in Polynesia. Disney took care of highlighting the culture in the general storyline, in the characters and in the small details. Disney uses details of Polynesian mythology and the history around the ancient voyagers and wayfinding techniques for the storyline. What Disney emphasises is the importance of family, their history and their culture. Disney always portrays the culture with a certain emission of power and pride. However, the American dominancy is still noticeable. For example, the depiction of the coconut and the plumeria flower are signs of Americanised Polynesia. The American and Disney values are all visible during the whole movie and can be found in quotes, gestures and behaviour of characters as Moana, the ocean and demigod Maui. Especially Maui is being portrayed as the ‘American dominant hero’ even though Maui is considered to be a honoured and popular Polynesian demigod.
2
Vaai, Sina Mary Theresa, und n/a. „Literary representations in western Polynesia : colonialism and indigeneity“. University of Canberra. Communication, Media & Tourism, 1995. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.163049.
Annotation:
Images of Oceania and Polynesia have traditionally been exoticised and
romanticised by Western representations of a "paradise" populated by primitive
natives with grass skirts and ukuleles. However, the movement towards
political independence in the 1960s and 1970s has seen the emergence of a
corpus of indigenous representations that depict and portray the real situation.
These indigenous representations speak of subjugation and moreover testify to
the debilitating effects colonialism has on cultural identities.
The geographical area covered by this thesis is Western Polynesia,
specifically the Pacific Island nations of Fiji, Tonga and Western Samoa and is
concerned with literary representations.
The thesis examines significant developments and trends in the
creative writing of indigenous and migrant writers in these three countries of
Western Polynesia: Western Samoa, Tonga and Fiji, seeing these literary
representations from within as a writing out of multi-faceted aspects of the
shifting identities of Pacific peoples in a post-colonial world.
The introduction focuses on the historical colonial/post-colonial context
of Western Polynesian writing and the socio-political imperatives for change
which have had an impact on these writers and the texts they have produced. It
also discusses the literary and anthropological representation of these
Islanders from the 'outside', from the perspective of a European hegemonic
self, forming the 'orientalist' stereotypes against which the initial texts written by
the Pacific's colonised 'others' in the early 1970's reacted so strongly. Chapter
One sets out the conceptual framework within which these texts will be
discussed and analysed, beginning with indigenous and local concepts which
indigenous and migrant Pacific Islanders use to connect and accommodate
different 'ways of seeing' this representative body of literature, then moving on
to other theorists concerned with literary representation and post-coloniality.
Chapters Two to Nine explore the writing of these three countries,
beginning with the fiction of Albert Wendt, one of the major writers from
Western Polynesia who has an established regional and international literary
reputation, and then progressing to focus on other selected representative
writers of the three countries, including those in the early stages of attempting
publication.
The thesis concludes by discussing the texts from all three countries and
tying them together in the various thematic strands of cultural clash, the
widening of borders, the quest for self-definition and national identity in the
contemporary Pacific, reiterating major points and examining possible future
directions in Western Polynesian writing.
The study takes an interdisciplinary approach to the critical analysis of
Western Polynesian literature, maintaining the importance of seeing them as
important forms of cultural communication in post-colonial contexts, as literary
representations from the inside, writing out of a cultural consciousness which
values the various 'pasts' of Polynesia as definitive 'maps' which provide the
grids and bridges which Pacific Islanders in this part of Oceania can utilise to
mediate their experiences and articulate their identities, to fit the widening
boundaries of the Pacific into a post-colonial global context.
3
Teissier, Yoann. „Metapopulation dynamics of dengue epidemics in French Polynesia“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB008.
Annotation:
La dengue circule en Polynésie française sur un mode épidémique depuis plus de 35 ans. Néanmoins, en dépit de la taille relativement faible de la population de Polynésie française, la circulation de la dengue peut persister à de faibles niveaux pendant de nombreuses années. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de déterminer si l'épidémiologie de la dengue dans le système insulaire de la Polynésie française répond aux critères d’un contexte de métapopulation. Après avoir constitué une base de données regroupant les cas de dengue répertoriés sur les 35 dernières années, nous avons réalisé des analyses épidémiologiques descriptives et statistiques. Celles-ci ont révélé des disparités spatio-temporelles distinctes pour l’incidence de la dengue des archipels et des îles, mais la structure de l'épidémie globale à l’échelle de la Polynésie française pour un même sérotype ne semble pas être affectée. Les analyses de la métapopulation ont révélé l'incidence asynchrone de la dengue dans un grand nombre d’îles. Celle-ci s’observe plus particulièrement par la différence de dynamique de l’incidence entre les îles plus peuplées et celles ayant une population plus faible. La taille critique de la communauté nécessaire à la persistance de la dengue n’est même pas atteinte par la plus grande île de Polynésie Française, Tahiti. Ce résultat suggère que la dengue peut uniquement persister grâce à sa propagation d’île en île. L'incorporation de la connectivité des îles à travers des modèles de migration humaine dans un modèle mathématique a produit une dynamique de la dengue davantage en adéquation avec les données observées, que les tentatives de modélisation traitant la population dans son ensemble. Le modèle de la métapopulation a été capable de simuler la même dynamique que les cas de dengue observés pour l'épidémie et la transmission endémique qui a suivi pour la période de 2001 à 2008. Des analyses complémentaires sur la différenciation de l'incidence de la maladie et de l'infection seront probablement instructives pour affiner le modèle de métapopulation de l'épidémiologie de la dengue en Polynésie françaiseDengue has been epidemic in French Polynesia for the past 35 years. Despite the relatively small population size in French Polynesia, dengue does not disappear and can persist at low levels for many years. In light of the large number of islands comprising French Polynesia, this thesis addresses the extent to which a metapopulation context may be the most appropriate to describe the epidemiology and persistence of dengue in this case. After compiling a database of dengue cases over the last 35 years, we used a number of descriptive and statistical epidemiological analyses that revealed distinct spatio-temporal disparity in dengue incidence for archipelago and islands. But the global structure of the epidemics of the same serotype were not affected. Metapopulation analyses revealed asynchronous dengue incidence among many of the islands and most notably larger islands lagged behind the smaller islands. The critical community size, which determines dengue persistence, was found to exceed even the largest island of Tahiti, suggesting that dengue can only exist by island-hopping. Incorporation of island connectedness through patterns of human migration into a mathematical model enabled a much better fit to the observed data than treating the population as a whole. The metapopulation model was able to capture to some extent the epidemic and low level transmission dynamics observed for the period of 2001-2008. Further analyses on differentiating incidence of disease and infection will likely prove informative for the metapopulation model of dengue epidemiology in French Polynesia
4
Botella, Albéric. „Past and Future Sea-Level Changes in French Polynesia“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33392.
Annotation:
Among the various adverse effects of climate change, sea-level rise is expected to increase the severity and frequency of flooding events impacting the vulnerable, low-lying islands of French Polynesia. It has long been understood that sea-level changes are not spatially uniform, yet this aspect is not taken into account in the decision-making. Notably, no projections of future sea level have been produced specifically for this region so far, partly because the processes driving sea-level changes remain poorly constrained. To approach the issue, we present a detailed reconstruction of sea-level changes for the mid-to-late Holocene, based on the observation of coral proxies. This dataset is then used to calibrate a sea-level model in order to estimate the contribution of glacial isostatic adjustment to regional sea-level changes and to infer past variations in global ice volume. Building upon this baseline and exploiting recent outputs of climate models, we project that in a “worst-case” scenario, sea level would rise 1.05 meters by 2100 in French Polynesia, exceeding the value adopted in the French adaptation strategy by 0.45 meters. We conclude that spatial variability of sea-level rise should be considered in future risk studies for this and other regions.
5
Ewart, Rebecca Elizabeth. „Translation, interpretation and otherness : Polynesia in French travel literature“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680152.
Annotation:
This thesis seeks to explore French travel literature on Polynesia as a form of translation. It analyses how travel writers interpret and textualize their experiences of the foreign culture in order to create a version of Polyneslan otherness. Following on from Lawrence Venuti's theory of foreignization and domestication, it is assumed that all translations necessarily manipulate the source culture into forms that are determined by the receiving culture, and that fidelity to an original is, therefore, impossible. Ethical potential is considered to lie in a translation that goes against the norms of translation present In the receiving culture in respect of Polynesia. The thesis identifies the emergence of over-determined narratives relating to Polynesia in late eighteenth and mid-nineteenth-century French travel literature. It shows how this body of work engaged with pre-existing narratives surrounding New-World cultures and dreams of a utopian south em continent, and considers the emergence of a dominant version of Polynesia closely linked to notions of an earthly paradise. In relation to the tradition of translation established in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the thesis studies the translation strategies employed by Pierre Loti in 'Le Mariage de Loti' (1880) and Victor Segalen in 'Les Immemoriaux' (1907). It demonstrates their seminal status as works that set trends for translating Polynesia, in terms of both reinforcing translation norms and subverting them. Finally, the thesis investigates the afterlives of Loti and Segalen's texts, as they appear in operatic adaptations ('Lakme' (1883) and 'L'ile du reve' (189B)), translations Into English, twentieth-century travel literature (Loti), and in indigenous Polynesian writing (Segalen).
6
Pech, Vojtěch. „Lidská kůže“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232398.
7
Toomey, Michael R., Jeffrey P. Donnelly und Jessica E. Tierney. „South Pacific hydrologic and cyclone variability during the last 3000 years“. AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614773.
Annotation:
Major excursions in the position of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) and/or changes in its intensity are thought to drive tropical cyclone (TC) and precipitation variability across much of the central South Pacific. A lack of conventional sites typically used for multimillennial proxy reconstructions has limited efforts to extend observational rainfall/TC data sets and our ability to fully assess the risks posed to central Pacific islands by future changes in fresh water availability or the frequency of storm landfalls. Here we use the sedimentary record of Apu Bay, offshore the island of Tahaa, French Polynesia, to explore the relationship between SPCZ position/intensity and tropical cyclone overwash, resolved at decadal time scales, since 3200years B.P. Changes in orbital precession and Pacific sea surface temperatures best explain evidence for a coordinated pattern of rainfall variability at Tahaa and across the Pacific over the late Holocene. Our companion record of tropical cyclone activity from Tahaa suggests major storm activity was higher between 2600-1500years B.P., when decadal scale SPCZ variability may also have been stronger. A transition to lower storm frequency and a shift or expansion of the SPCZ toward French Polynesia around 1000years B.P. may have prompted Polynesian migration into the central Pacific.
8
Johnson, Phillip Ray II. „Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) characterization of pre-contact basalt quarries on the American Samoan Island of Tutuila“. Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4932.
Annotation:
This thesis presents a material-centered characterization of 120 geologic samples
from four fine-grained basalt quarries on the Samoan Island of Tutuila. Previous
unsuccessful attempts at definitive Tutuilan quarry differentiation have utilized x-ray
fluorescence (XRF). In this study, clear differentiation of each analyzed quarry was
achieved using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Biplots of canonical
discriminant function scores for the INAA data illustrate clear separation based on the
variation in chemical composition between each quarry. The samples analyzed not only
define quarry separation, but also provide the "core group" for a preliminary baseline
necessary for future artifact-centered provenance studies. Inclusion of these "core group"
samples in the baseline was confirmed by stepwise discriminant analysis. These findings
suggest the ability to determine quarry of origin on the island of Tutuila, which can
elucidate the importance of individual Tutuilan quarries in the export and exchange of
fine-grained basalts.
9
Håkansson, Olof. „Stratified Polynesia : A GIS-based study of prehistoric settlements in Samoa and Rapa Nui“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331545.
Annotation:
The overall objective of this study is, to understand how the prehistoric individual experienced her “being in the world”. This is done by examining the spatial relationships of prehistoric remains in order to understand hierarchies. The foundation of the thesis is constructed by using data from the prehistoric settlement of Letolo in Samoa (Independent State of Samoa) in West-Polynesia and Hanga Ho´onu on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in East-Polynesia. These data are stored and analysed in a Geographical Information System (GIS). In the Samoan case the intention is to make previously unpublished surveys available. An aim is to develop a method to interpret social information from the spatial relations of built structures. It is questioned if it is possible to interpret the degree of hierarchy in a prehistoric society only from the spatial relations of features. It is concluded that such an inquiry needs to be paired with preunderstanding and analogies, such as ethnohistorical data, since it otherwise is problematic to ascribe meaning to different built structures. The thesis uses ethnohistory for preunderstanding and analogy. The thesis further examines the worldviews and structures that are shown in the repeated practice of groups in the two settlements.Det övergripande syftet med föreliggande studie är att komma närmare den förhistoriska människans upplevelse av varat, att komma närmare hennes upplevelse av att finnas till i världen. Detta görs genom att undersöka fornlämningars spatiala relationer för att förstå hierarkier. I uppsatsen redovisas två databaser och Geografiska Informationssystem som har konstruerats utifrån fornlämningsdata från förhistoriska bosättningar på Samoa i västpolynesien och Rapa Nui i östpolynesien. På Samoa är det Letolodalen på ön Savai´i som undersöks, och på Rapa Nui är det Hanga Ho´onu vid La Pérouse-bukten som undersöks. Uppsatsen ämnar tillgängliggöra opublicerade inventeringar av Letolo på Samoa. En intention är att utarbeta specifika kriterier för att utläsa social information från den spatiala utbredningen av fornlämningar. Arbetet ifrågasätter om det är möjligt att läsa ut graden av hierarki i ett förhistoriskt samhälle utifrån de spatiala relationerna mellan fornlämningar. Svaret är att det går om analogier och förförståelse används då det annars är problematiskt att tillskriva mening till fornlämningar. Eftersom Polynesien är väl dokumenterat utifrån ett etnohistoriskt perspektiv används analogier och förförståelse från dessa berättelser. I uppsatsen undersöks vidare mentala världar och strukturer som visar sig i gruppers upprepade praktiker i de två bosättningarna.
10
Kahn, Jennifer G. „Prehistoric stone tool use and manufacture at the Ha'atuatua dune site, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20792.pdf.
11
Johnson, Christine K. „Success and struggles of small island museums in Polynesia with special reference to Pitcairn Island /“. abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447813.
Annotation:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007."May, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-110). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2007]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
12
Martins, Simões Patrícia. „Diversity and dynamics of Wolbachia-host associations in arthropods from the Society archipelago, French Polynesia“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850707.
Annotation:
Certains symbiotes intracellulaires résident dans le cytoplasme des cellules et manipulent le système reproductif de leurs hôtes. Du fait de leur transmission maternelle, ces parasites sont sélectionnés pour optimiser la survie et la reproduction de leur hôtes femelles. Chez les arthropodes, la bactérie Wolbachia infecte au moins 66% des espèces d'insectes mais peuvent aussi infecter des nématodes. Cette large distribution dans les populations hôtes confère à Wolbachia un potentiel important en tant que moteur d'évolution. En particulier, elle pourrait être utilisée comme vecteur transgène dans les espèces nuisibles. Mais la dynamique évolutive des infections à l'échelle des communautés est mal connue, en particulier la fréquence des transferts de parasites entre hôtes de différentes espèces et la stabilité évolutive des associations. Mon travail de thèse a porté sur la détection et la dynamique des infections de Wolbachia à une échelle microevolutive, c'est-à-dire, dans des communautés d'arthropodes avec moins de 5 My. L'objectif de ce travail était à la fois la characterisation des communautés géographiques d'arthropodes et celle des infections par Wolbachia de ces communautés. Nous avons également examiné l'existence de transferts horizontaux récents de ces symbiotes entre des taxa distantes ainsi que les routes écologiques potentielles pour ces transmissions.
13
Martins, Simões Patricia. „Diversity and dynamics of Wolbachia-host associations in arthropods from the Society archipelago, French Polynesia“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10035.
Annotation:
Certains symbiotes intracellulaires résident dans le cytoplasme des cellules et manipulent le système reproductif de leurs hôtes. Du fait de leur transmission maternelle, ces parasites sont sélectionnés pour optimiser la survie et la reproduction de leurs hôtes femelles. Chez les arthropodes, la bactérie Wolbachia infecte au moins 66% des espèces d’insectes mais peuvent aussi infecter des nématodes. Cette large distribution dans les populations hôtes confère à Wolbachia un potentiel important en tant que moteur d’évolution. En particulier, elle pourrait être utilisée comme vecteur transgène dans les espèces nuisibles. Mais la dynamique évolutive des infections à l’échelle des communautés est mal connue, en particulier la fréquence des transferts de parasites entre hôtes de différentes espèces et la stabilité évolutive des associations. Mon travail de thèse a porté sur la détection et dynamique des infections de Wolbachia à une échelle micro-évolutive, c’est-à-dire, dans des communautés d’arthropodes avec moins de 5 My. L’objectif de ce travail était à la fois la caractérisation des communautés géographiques d’arthropodes et celle des infections par Wolbachia de ces communautés. Nous avons également examiné l’existence de transferts horizontaux récents de ces symbiotes entre des taxa distantes ainsi que les routes écologiques potentielles pour ces transmissionsSexual parasites are intracellular symbionts capable of manipulating the reproduction of their hosts. They are widespread in Arthropods where they display a wide range of reproductive manipulations; these can be potentially involved in the evolution of mating systems, speciation, gene acquisition and sex determination. In particular, Wolbachia is thought to infect more than 66% of insect species and is also found in nematodes. However, little is known about the dynamics of Wolbachia infections at the community level. Although at the intra-population level, invasion dynamics have been extensively studied, the same is not true at the community level where the turnover of infections remains largely uncharacterised. The question of how often are new infections acquired through horizontal transfers between distantly related hosts remains also open. Moreover, as Wolbachia is seen as a good candidate for a transgenic vector against pests, understanding its dynamic at the community level is crucial. We proposed to address them by performing an exhaustive characterisation of sexual parasites in simplified systems, using the opportunity offered by small arthropod communities in isolated islands
14
Oakes, Nicole R. „The late prehistoric "Maohi fare haupape" : an examination of household organization in Mo'orea, French Polynesia /“. Ann Arbor : UMI dissertation service, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40086039m.
15
Wallin, Paul. „Ceremonial stone structures the archaeology and ethnohistory of the Marae Complex in the Society Islands, French Polynesia /“. Uppsala : Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis : Distributed by Dept. of Archaeology, Uppsala University, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/30760808.html.
16
Granville, Ian. „Factors involved in the onset of four people movements“. Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
17
Hafoka, Tali Alisa. „Aha'aina“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3336.
Annotation:
In a Polynesian feast, food is a metaphor for the essence of Polynesian culture—giving without self regard. As Polynesian culture evolves, its aesthetic standard must necessarily change. Two seemingly conflicting essentials are necessary here for the survival of culture—the evolution of the cultural aesthetic, and the constancy of the culture's essence. One might consider as a metaphor the evolution of a tree through the seasons—though the foliage blooms, changes colors, dies and grows brittle, falls and regenerates, etc., the roots remain constant—ever nourishing the tree and ever supporting it and holding it up. As with the tree, the essence of the Polynesian culture must always remain constant, though the aesthetic trappings evolve and adapt to survive in an ever-changing environment. The work described herein demonstrates the glacial drift of culture and how, in the trappings of a modern, ever-evolving world, the Polynesian culture's essence survives. This work stands as a signpost on the road of identity, helping the earnest searcher to see, through the ever-changing foliage, the root or essence of identity. Thus, this work imbues its viewer with a sense of freedom with respect to her search for identity; for once the viewer recognizes that which is necessarily constant, she can freely embrace that which is necessarily evolving.
18
Balukjian, Bradley James. „Myriad Mirids| The spectacular radiation of Pseudoloxops (Hemiptera| Miridae) plant bugs in French Polynesia (and the kids that love them!)“. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3593769.
Annotation:
In the first chapter, we revise the taxonomy of a lineage of plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) that has radiated in the islands of French Polynesia. Six species of endemic Pseudoloxops plant bugs were previously known from two islands in French Polynesia, indicating a small radiation. We collected ecological, morphological, molecular, and geographical data for hundreds of fresh and historical Pseudoloxops specimens, expanding the genus' range to nine islands in two archipelagoes (the Austral and Society Islands). We combined all of the above data sources in an iterative integrative taxonomy framework to test the six existing species hypotheses and to search for new diversity.
In the second chapter, we explore the relative importance of ecology and geographic isolation in this lineage to provide a first approximation of whether the radiation was adaptive or non-adaptive. We collected Pseudoloxops from a wide range of plants, with 27 species in 25 different plant families and 13 orders. We then inferred a combined Bayesian molecular phylogeny from three genes, including 25 of the 26 known Pseudoloxops species, to examine the roles of plant affiliation and geography (island distribution) in speciation. We reconstructed the ancestral states using parsimony for these two characters, and found 12 speciation events that were well-supported in the phylogeny. Both plant-switching and island-hopping were correlated with speciation. For the 7 speciation events for which we could unequivocally determine plant affiliation before and after speciation, 4 were associated with a plant shift. For the 8 speciation events where island distribution could be reconstructed, two involved shifts to a new island. There were 5 cases for which we could determine both character states before and after speciation. In three of them, speciation occurred within the same locality with a switch in plant taxonomic order, suggesting that the lineage has great dietary versatility. However, much more research into feeding needs to be conducted, as anecdotal evidence from Pseudoloxops outside of French Polynesia suggests they may be facultative predators. In the other two speciation events, there was neither a geographic shift nor a change in plant affiliation, suggesting some other mechanism for speciation. Based on our results, both plant-switching and geography have played a role in the diversification of this radiation.
In the third chapter, we address the larger societal impact of taxonomic and biodiversity research by examining the effect of a natural history-driven curriculum on elementary schoolchildren's scientific knowledge. While studies have demonstrated the potential for natural history education to improve children's attitudes towards and knowledge of science and nature, few studies have been done in areas where indigenous culture heavily influences children's worldview. The lead author taught a nine-month natural history/biodiversity class focused on insects and plants to fifth-graders at the Pao Pao elementary school on the French Polynesian island of Moorea and tested their scientific knowledge before and after receiving the program. We compared their results to a control that did not receive the program, and while both cohorts improved, the experimental group's improvement was significantly greater (mean of 82.2% vs. 30.5%). We performed a delayed post-test evaluation three years after the conclusion of the program with a subset of the experimental cohort to test their retention and interest in science. Finally, the qualitative coding of the experimental group's test and survey responses revealed both the influence of indigenous culture on their scientific understanding and the appeal of taxonomy and field trips to children. When prompted for an example of a native plant, 24% of the experimental group named a plant introduced by the Polynesians, suggesting the misconception that plants with a prevalent role in indigenous culture have always been there. In the follow-up survey, 36.7% mentioned the field trips among their memories of the course, and 20% gave full scientific names for species they recalled from the class. The latter contrasts with the commonly held belief that taxonomy is too arcane to connect with the general public. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
19
Lumbye, Mira Anna Beatrice. „Settlement and Interactions in Pacific Prehistory : An Overview of Modern Genetic Research“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-453506.
Annotation:
The Pacific is the part of the world that was last settled by humans. The colonization occurred in different stages which can be discerned through various methods, one of them DNA analysis of humans as well as other species of animals and plants associated with human settlement. The direction of human migration is traditionally believed to have taken a west-eastern direction, originating in the area near Taiwan and spreading eastward until reaching the islands of Remote Oceania. However, there are also strong indications of an east-western route of interaction, with recent DNA studies confirming prehistoric human contact between South American and Polynesian peoples. The aim of this paper is to investigate the current research on human settlement of the Pacific focusing on the genetic analyses of humans as well as animals and plants believed to have accompanied the human settlers. It is to be hoped that this research survey will shed new light on the subject of geographical origins of Pacific migration and the early interactions and settlement patterns that ensued.Oceanien blev den sista världsdelen att befolkas av människan. Koloniseringen ägde rum i flera steg som kan studeras med olika metoder, däribland DNA-analys av människor samt andra arter av djur och växter vilka förknippas med mänsklig migration. Kolonisationen av Stilla Havet gick enligt den vedertagna forskningen i en väst-östlig riktning, med utgångspunkt från området kring Taiwan och vidare österut till Bortre Oceanien. Det finns emellertid även starka indikationer på öst-västliga interaktioner mellan polynesier och sydamerikansk ursprungsbefolkning. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka det aktuella forskningsläget med fokus på genetiska analyser av människor såväl som av de djur och växter som tros ha följt människorna. Förhoppningen är att denna forskningsöversikt ska kasta nytt ljus över frågan om det geografiska ursprunget för den oceaniska expansionen och de tidiga migrationsmönster och interaktioner den gav upphov till.
20
Winterhoff, Ernest H. 1977. „The political economy of ancient Samoa: Basalt adze production and linkages to social status“. Thesis, University of Oregon, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6202.
Annotation:
xviii, 264 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.This dissertation examines the role of stone tool production as a strategic resource in the development of chiefly authority in prehistoric Samoa. The evolution of Polynesia's complex chiefly systems is a long standing issue in anthropology, and prior archaeological research has identified that specialized goods were a significant factor in the elevation of elite status in many Polynesian contexts. Before Western contact, Samoa was a stratified chiefdom with leaders claiming exclusive privileges and participating in an extensive trade network within the Fiji-West Polynesian region during the Traditional Samoan period (c. A.D. 300-1700). However, Samoa's political structure was quite different in the earlier Polynesian Plainware period (c. 500 B.C.-A.D. 300). Archaeologists, with the aid of historical linguistics, have documented a simple hereditary system operating among small horticultural communities. To address this political transformation, I investigate coeval changes occurring in stone adze production recovered on Tutuila Island. Based firmly in the theoretical perspective of political economy, I ask three inter-related questions in my dissertation: were adze specialists present in ancient Samoa; if so, what was their connection to chiefly prerogatives; and what further relationship did these adze producers have with Samoa's emerging elite? To answer these questions, I utilize mass flake analysis and typological classifications to document technological and spatial changes in stone tool production. I also employ settlement studies and geochemical characterization to chart how leaders managed and controlled raw materials, as well as the distribution of basalt adzes in exchange networks. From my research, I record numerous nucleated workshops of adze specialization on Tutuila dating as far back as 800 years ago. As a new form of economic organization, these adze specialists acted as catalysts for increased political complexity and stratified authority. In addition, I trace how Samoan elites used their bourgeoning authority in restricting access to basalt sources and the distribution of the finished products during this same time period. In the larger Samoan political economy, I conclude that Tutuilan chiefs, located in an otherwise economically-impoverished island, utilized these newly-developed adze specialists and high-quality basalt as strategic resources for accumulating material surplus in prestige competition.
Adviser: William S. Ayres
21
Harden, Judy Ann. „Light element and lithium isotope signatures of the emii reservoir - the society islands, french polynesia geochemical results and an educational application /“. [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001069.
22
McAlister, Andrew Joseph. „Methodological issues in the geochemical characterisation and morphological analysis of stone tools: a case study from Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands, east Polynesia“. Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/10279.
Annotation:
In this thesis, three methodological issues pertaining to the geochemical analysis and characterisation of stone tools were investigated. The first consisted of evaluating the potential of Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (PXRF) analysis as a means of characterising archaeological basalt adzes. Several of the methods currently used to analyse stone tools require the partial destruction of specimens and are comparatively expensive, factors which tend to impose limits on the quantity of specimens that can be analysed. In contrast, PXRF technology is relatively inexpensive and non-destructive. The initial testing of the PXRF instrument was unsatisfactory and found the in-built calibration software to be the main limiting factor. Substantially improved results were obtained by processing the raw spectra data independently. The second part of this study assessed multivariate methods of discriminating among volcanic stone sources. Two techniques, Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) and Classification Tree (CT) analysis were examined. The implementation of CT analysis developed in this study incorporated Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms to determine optimum node divisions. Both of the techniques performed well. However, CT analysis was found to possess several advantages over DFA; it was more robust to unequal and skewed data distributions and the tabular and graphical results were conducive to interpretation and evaluation. The third part of this research involved applying the methodological findings to investigate the distribution of stone tools on the Marquesan island of Nuku Hiva in East Polynesia. Stone adzes collected from late-prehistoric (i.e., post ��� A.D. 1600) contexts at four valleys on Nuku Hiva were geochemically and morphologically analysed. The assemblages were found to have derived from six distinct stone sources, five local Nuku Hiva sources and one on Eiao, an island approximately 100 km to the north. Almost onehalf of the adzes were imported from Eiao and were common in all of the valleys. In contrast, tools made from local stone were not widely distributed far from their source areas. The morphological analysis found that, while the full range of forms were made from both local and imported materials, stone from Eiao appears to have been preferred for some adze forms that are thought to be functionally distinct.
23
Serafini, Jonathan. „Caractérisation de la vapeur d'eau en Polynésie française et tomographie mono-GPS“. Thesis, Polynésie française, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POLF0005/document.
Annotation:
L'objectif initial de cette thèse était de développer une nouvelle méthode tomographique capable de restituer le champ spatio-temporel de vapeur d'eau troposphérique uniquement en fonction des observations d'une seule station GPS. Cette méthode est particulièrement adaptée aux îles polynésiennes où l'implantation d'un réseau dense de stations GPS est quasiment impossible.Ce constat a motivé une étude préalable cherchant à caractériser les fluctuations de la vapeur d'eau au-dessus de Tahiti et leurs relations avec les précipitations à différentes échelles temporelles (de l'échelle horaire à l'échelle saisonnière). Il a également motivé une seconde étude cherchant à caractériser la structure verticale de la vapeur d'eau à partir des radiosondages des dix dernières années effectués par Météo-France deux fois par jour afin de fournir un modèle simple pouvant s'adapter à tous types de structure atmosphérique. Un indice caractérisant la stabilité de l'atmosphère a été déduit de ce modèle.La seconde partie de la thèse présente la méthode tomographique que j'ai développée. Pour reconstruire la répartition verticale de la vapeur d'eau, cette méthode s'appuie sur le modèle de structure verticale présenté ci-dessus. Pour reconstruire la répartition horizontale, nous utilisons une décomposition en polynômes de Zernike. Enfin, nous utilisons une décomposition spectrale pour modéliser les variations temporelles. Avec cette méthode, la densité de vapeur d'eau varie à différentes échelles prédéfinies spatiales et temporelles. Les variations associées aux différentes échelles sont alors ajustées (au sens des moindres carrés) afin de reconstruire au mieux les observations GPSThe initial goal of this thesis was to develop a new tomographic method capable of restoring the spatio-temporal field of tropospheric water vapor using uniquely, the observations of a single GPS. This method is a good fit for Polynesian islands where the implementation of a GPS network is almost impossible.This observation lead to the development of a preliminary study to characterize water vapor fluctuations above Tahiti and their relationship with precipitations at different temporal scales (from hours to seasons). Another study has emerged for the same reasons, looking for the characterization of the vertical structure of water vapor from radiosondes of the last 10 years made by Meteo-France twice a day in order to deliver a simple model that could be adapted to all types of atmospheric structures. An index, characterizing the stability of the atmosphere was derived from this model.The second part of the thesis presents the tomographic methodology I developed. To reconstruct the vertical distribution of water vapor, this method relies on the above-mentioned vertical structure model. To reconstruct the horizontal distribution, we use a decomposition to Zernike polynomials. We use a spectral decomposition to model temporal variations. With this method, the density of water vapor varies at different predefined spatial and temporal scales. Variations associated to different scales are adjusted (using the method of least squares) in order to reconstruct GPS observations
24
Zenel, Christine A. „A Paradoxical Paradise: The Marquesas as a Degenerate and Regenerative Space in the Western Imagination“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/419.
Annotation:
The Western imagination has ascribed histories and identities of the Marquesas Islands throughout centuries of evolving discourses and representations as a paradoxical paradise, bolstering colonialist ideologies of social evolutionary theory. The islands have either been represented as backwards on a social scale to justify Western dominance, or have been represented as being in a state of authentic human nature out of colonial guilt and imperialist nostalgia. These representations reveal a paradox in which the Marquesas is ascribed in the Western imagination as a degenerate space, yet also as a space where the regeneration of human nature is made possible— provided that a time-backwards Marquesas is dependent on a civilized West.
25
Christiansen, Lurlene. „Catch the wahine and win (re) addressing the Polynesian : this exegesis [thesis] is submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Masters of Art and Design, 2003“. Full thesis. Abstract, 2003.
26
Rashid, Rashid Juma [Verfasser]. „Sea Level Change and Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction in the Southern Equatorial Pacific Ocean Relative to the Society Islands, French Polynesia / Rashid Juma Rashid“. Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069104868/34.
27
Choi, Yoon Ah. „Discourse analysis : A linguistic study of the French press's representation of the political crisis in Tahiti (2004-2005) - in Le Figaro, Le Monde and La Liberation“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Languages and Cultures/ French Department, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/885.
Annotation:
French Polynesia went through a political crisis from 2004 to 2005 which constituted an important chapter in the history of this recently upgraded 'Pays d'Outre-mer'. After the general elections of May 2004 in Tahiti, a series of controversial events unfolded which created polarity among the local people and which destabilised the government. This research aims to study qualitatively how the Tahitian political crisis is constructed by the French press, namely, le Figaro, le Monde and la Libération. Based on the CDA framework and Halliday's systemic grammar, this research embarks on Foucault's idea of subjectivity which governs the formation of discourse, by examining the linguistic structure of the clause in the press representations. The analysis reveals that events and people from the crisis can be configured in different ways in the clausal structure, which is, to a certain degree, triggered by the subjectivity of newspapers. La Libération offers a socialist view of the crisis through its discursive constructions which are more inclusive of the local people and by showing Temaru's rise to power in an optimistic manner. As for the conservative newspaper le Figaro, power hierarchies can be observed in some representations while certain individuals' responsibilities are hidden in the clausal structure. Even le Monde, which claims to maintain a neutral ground, exposes its intellectual and critical conceits in the construction of clauses which represent Tahiti's recent political crisis.
28
Frazier, Adam M. „The Geography of Polynesians in Utah“. Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1997. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTAF,7966.
29
Wehlin, Joakim. „Let the remains ask the questions : In search for prehistoric relations on a Samoan settlement pattern through a correspondence analysis“. Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-821.
Annotation:
My interest in ethno-archaeology and a Minor Field Study grant brought me to Samoa. There I had a chance to participate in a multinational project “The Pulemelei project, the origins and Development of Monumental architecture”. On the former copra plantation Letolo situated on the SE part of the Island of Savai’i, is an extensive pre-historic settlement with over 3000 remains situated. The remains are now heavily overgrown but when the vegetation was cleared an extensive survey was carried out (1977-78). By using these records my aim is to understand more about how chiefdom society works in pre-historic times as well as in the present. The archaeological study is carried out with the aid of a correspondence analysis using the survey data as well as through a practical fieldwork (excavations) study of the settlement pattern at the Letolo plantation. The settlement shows large variations between the inland and the coastal region and those actions opened for whole new questions and ideas about the Samoan prehistory. During my journey I also got a better understanding for ethno-archaeology, and the problems that can meet us using these analogies and carrying out archaeological studies in a global setting and traditional society. To date, quite limited archaeology has been carried out on Samoa but the archaeological “revival” boosted by the project which started in this area in 2002 has created an opportunity to train the first generation of Samoan archaeologists and give them a good platform to stand on!
30
Lechat, Mareva Ida Jacqueline Azélie. „Jeux politiques et processus d'autonomisation en Polynésie française : (1957-2011)“. Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40062.
Annotation:
Les premiers explorateurs polynésiens découvrent Tahiti et ses "îles de lumière", ces terres paradisiaques les rapprochant du lieu où la lumière créatrice de la cosmogonie polynésienne originelle surgit, grâce à la maîtrise des astres , des vents et des courants marins ouvran la voie à leurs majestueuses pirogues doubles 150 ans avant Jésus Christ. Le triangle polynésien, où elles se situent au centre, désigne une aire culturelle et linguistique commune. La "Poly-nésie" désigne les "multiples îles" et se distingue de la "Méla-nésie à l'ouest, désignant les "noires îles" et de la "Micro-nésie" et ses "petites îles".C'est d'abord à travers son histoire particulière qu'on doit appréhender cette entité qu'est devenue la Polynésie française, avant de s'interroger sur la signification du concept d'autonomisation, et de fixer dans ses grandes lignes le cadre dans lequel se déroulent les jeux politiques qui en conditionnent la mise en oeuvreThe first Polynesian explorers discover Tahiti and her "light islands", the heavenly lands closer to the place where the creative light of the original Polynesian cosmogony arises, through control of the stars, winds and sea currents ouvran the way for their majestic double canoes 150 years before Jesus Christ. The Polynesian Triangle, where they stand in the center, means a common cultural and linguistic area. The "Poly-nesia" means "many islands" and differs from the "Melanesia to the west, designating the" black islands "and" Micronesia "and" small islands ".It is primarily through its particular history we must understand what this entity became French Polynesia, before wondering about the meaning of the concept of empowerment, and set in outline the framework within which take place in the political games that condition the implementation
31
Delavault, Helene. „L'alignement volcanique de Pitcairn-Gambier : étude pétrologique et géochimique de la partie sud-est du panache polynésien“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU020/document.
Annotation:
Le volcanisme de point chaud est l'une des activités les plus intrigantes de la Terre. L'origine de ce type de volcanisme est encore débattue mais il est largement admis que les panaches sont formés de matériel chaud qui peut potentiellement entrainer avec lui des matériaux recyclés. La plupart des études se concentrent sur les panaches puissants montrant une forte production magmatique comme Hawaï ou la Réunion, mais les panaches montrant une plus faible production magmatique comme la Polynésie (Pacifique sud), peuvent apporter des informations complémentaires.Ce travail consiste en une étude pétrologique et géochimique de la chaine de Pitcairn-Gambier, située au sud-est du panache Polynésien. Ce travail s'organise autour de mesures en éléments majeurs et en trace, de compositions isotopiques en Pb, Sr, Nd et Hf sur une centaine d'échantillons, et autour d'analyses ponctuelles sur olivines et sulfures contenus dans certains échantillons.Les compositions isotopiques et élémentaires montrent une évolution systématique avec le temps (de Mururoa, île la plus vieille, aux monts sous-marins de Pitcairn les plus jeunes), depuis des compositions isotopiques « HIMU jeunes » avec une forte anomalie positive en Nb (1.8) jusqu'à des compositions isotopique EMI typiques avec une faible anomalie négative en Nb (0.8). Les différents modèles développés dans cette thèse ont permis de dater, contraindre la lithologie et la proportion des composants recyclés dans la source de ces îles. Les îles de Mururoa, Fangataufa et Gambier possèdent dans leur source de la croûte basaltique recyclée de 1.5 Ga ainsi que des sédiments âgés de 1-1.5 Ga (<0.36%). L'étude ciblée de l'île de Gambier met en évidence une source plutôt froide (~1450°C) comparée aux autres panaches comme Hawaï (1550°C). La source de l'île de Pitcairn et de ses monts sous-marins se révèle extrêmement différente car elle contient non seulement de la croûte basaltique recyclée (1.5 Ga) mais également jusqu'à ~18% de cherts archéens (~2.5 Ga). La présence inattendue de cherts archéens dans la source des îles de Pitcairn qui ont les valeurs EM1 les plus prononcées des OIB, remet en cause les autres théories développées pour tenter de contraindre ce composant.Les anomalies positives en Nb indiquent la présence dans la source de croûte basaltique recyclée. La diminution de cette anomalie au cours du temps le long de la chaîne est expliquée par l'augmentation progressive du taux de sédiments dans la source du panache, les sédiments possédant une anomalie négative en Nb.Les hétérogénéités isotopiques et élémentaires mises en évidence dans cette étude sont expliquées par fusion, sous chaque île, de matériel de composition et d'âge différents. Un modèle possible pour expliquer la structure de l'ensemble du panache polynésien, consiste en de «petits panaches» générés à partir d'un super-panache. Ces petits panaches produisent alors de petits alignements, et échantillonnent de manière imprévisible les différents matériels présents dans le super-panache. L'ensemble des données et modèles proposés dans cette thèse offre un nouvel angle pour apprécier la variabilité géochimique du panache Polynésien et à plus grande échelle de nouvelles perspectives pour comprendre les processus de recyclage au sein du manteau terrestrePlume volcanism is one of the most puzzling features of present-day activities of the Earth. The origin of this type of volcanism remains a matter of debate, but it is generally agreed that its source is hot material containing some potentially recycled material. Most studies have focused on ‘strong' plumes with high magmatic production, e.g. Hawaii or Réunion, but weaker plumes such as Polynesia (South Pacific) may provide useful complementary information.This work presents a petrological and geochemical study of the Pitcairn-Gambier chain, situated at the South East of the Polynesian plume. I report major and trace element concentrations and Pb, Sr, Nd and Hf isotopic measurements of ~100 samples as well as probe analyses on olivine and sulphides in a few selected samples.Both isotopes and trace elements show a strong correlation with the age of the volcanoes (from the oldest island of Mururoa to the younger Pitcairn Seamounts), from « Young HIMU » isotopic compositions associated with high positive Nb anomalies (1.8), to typical EMI compositions with a slight negative anomaly (0.8). Geochemical modeling enables to constrain the age, the nature and the proportion of the recycled components in the source. Mururoa, Fangataufa and Gambier show in their source, the presence of 1.5 Gy recycled oceanic crust, along with 1-1.5 Gy sediments (<0.36%). The source of Gambier Island basalts is ‘cold' (~1450°C) compared to that of other plumes like Hawaii (1550°C). In contrast, the Pitcairn Island and Seamounts source is different as it contains 1.5 Gy recycled basaltic oceanic crust, as well as up to ~18% Archean (~2.5 Ga) cherts. The unexpected discovery of Archean cherts in the source of Pitcairn islands (which have the most extreme EMI compositions) is at odd with previous models on the origin of the EMI component.Positive Nb anomalies indicate the presence of recycled oceanic crust in the source, and this anomaly decreases with time along the chain. This feature can be explained by the increasing contribution of the sediment input in the source of the plume, since sediments display a negative Nb anomaly.The isotopic heterogeneities evidenced in this study are best explained by melting, beneath the islands, of different materials with various ages and compositions. The general structure of the Polynesian plume can be explained by the presence of small plumes generated from a superplume. These small plumes create small alignments, and they randomly sample various materials present in the plume. Overall the data and models in this study give new insights into the geochemical variations observed across the Polynesian plume, and at a larger scale they provide new perspectives to better understand crustal recycling processes and the evolution of the mantle through time
32
Lacoste, Élise. „Interactions entre les huitres perlières en élevage (Pinctada margaritifera) et les communautés d'épibiontes, et influence de l'association sur les flux de matière dans les lagons de Polynésie française“. Thesis, Polynésie française, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POLF0001/document.
Annotation:
Les coquilles d’huitres perlières (Pinctada margaritifera) en élevage sont abondamment colonisées par des peuplements épibiontes (ie biofouling). Ces communautés d’épibiontes représentent des contraintes de gestion coûteuses pour les perliculteurs (manutention, traitements). Leur rôle dans le fonctionnement des élevages, à la fois sur les espèces cultivées et sur l'environnement, est cependant encore très mal connu. La majorité des épibiontes sont des organismes filtreurs, potentiels compétiteurs des huitres perlières pour la ressource. Alors qu’une telle compétition pourrait compromettre la production, les interactions trophiques entre les huitres perlières et les épibiontes ont été très peu étudiées en Polynésie française. Plus largement, l’activité des épibiontes, ajoutée à celle des huitres perlières, pourrait également avoir des conséquences sur le fonctionnement de l’écosystème lagonaire. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, le biofouling a été étudié au travers d’une approche globale, considéré simultanément comme une contrainte pour la perliculture et comme un forçage biologique pour l’écosystème. Plusieurs expérimentations ont été réalisées dans 4 lagons de Polynésie française : Ahe, Mangareva, Rangiroa et Tahiti. Les communautés d’épibiontes ont été décrites, leur influence sur les fonctions physiologiques des huitres perlières (nutrition, croissance, reproduction) évaluée et finalement, leur rôle dans les interactions entre les élevages d’huitres perlières et l'environnement a été quantifié. Alors qu’aucun effet négatif du biofouling n’a été décelé sur la production des huitres perlières, son importance dans les processus à l’échelle de l’écosystème a été démontréeReared pearl oysters support a host of epibiont communities (ie biofouling). Biofouling control results in additional costs for farmers (handling, treatment). However, the impact of epibionts on pearl oysters and on environment remains poorly known. Epibiont communities are dominated by filter-feeder organisms, which may compete for food with pearl oysters. Although such competition could alter the commercial production, very few studies have been conducted concerning the trophic interactions between pearl oysters and epibionts in French Polynesia. Otherwise, epibionts could reinforce the influence already induced by pearl oysters on the ecosystem. During this thesis, the problem of biofouling was addressed using a holistic approach, considering it as a constraint for pearl farming and a biological forcing for the ecosystem. Several experiments have been conducted in 4 lagoons of French Polynesia: Ahe, Mangareva, Rangiroa and Tahiti. Biofouling communities have been described, their impact on pearl oysters (feeding, growth, reproduction) assessed and finally we quantified their influence in the interactions between pearl oysters’ rearing and environment. While no negative impact of biofouling was observed on pearl oysters, its importance on the ecosystem processes have been demonstrated
33
Nichols, Matthew David. „The impact of France on conflict and stability in the South Pacific“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science and Communication, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/993.
Annotation:
This thesis investigates the impact of France on conflict and stability in the South Pacific from 1985-2006, with a primary focus on France's two largest regional dependencies: New Caledonia and French Polynesia. It is demonstrated that France had a largely destabilising influence prior to 1988, due to its controversial nuclear testing programme in French Polynesia, its repression of the independence movement in New Caledonia, and its failure to act on the pronounced social and economic imbalances between the local indigenous populations and the settler communities. However, France has played a more positive stabilising role since 1988, by factoring local and indigenous concerns into peace agreements in New Caledonia, disestablishing the French Polynesian nuclear testing programme in 1996, and allowing for greater integration of its dependencies into the region by granting increased autonomy to the territorial governments. Nonetheless, France's determination to retain sovereignty of its South Pacific dependencies continues to pose a latent threat to stability. The negotiated peace achieved in New Caledonia through the Noumea Accord's deferred referendum on self-determination contrasts starkly with current political instability in French Polynesia, where the power struggle between Independentist and Loyalist parties has again brought into question the impartiality of the French State. While not a theoretical study, the developed hierarchy of variables helps explain France's reluctance to grant sovereignty to its dependencies, and emphasises the importance of 'emotional interest' in the French approach. It is concluded that France's trend towards playing an increasingly stabilising role in its dependencies will be sustained only through an enduring commitment to rebalance territorial inequalities, tolerate pro-independence sentiment, and mediate impartially in local political disputes. Under these circumstances, the stability provided by France and its dependencies in the region would be preferable to the resource and funding vacuums that would be generated by a French withdrawal.
34
Leeming, David. „Social Representations of Taukuka: A social knowledge approach to the preservation of Bellonese intangible cultural heritage“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22634.
Annotation:
Solomon Islands along with other Pacific Islands nations is adopting legislation designed to protect traditional knowledge and expressions of culture from misappropriation, attrition and loss of economic opportunity for owners. These developments require the state to engage across a highly pluralistic customary and social landscape. Ethnographic studies have shown that owing to such plurality unintended consequences may arise from attempts to rationalise indigenous conceptualisations such as customary laws to render them accessible to outside interests. The preservation of intangible cultural heritage requires understanding of the communicative processes that maintain its significance and value and which are involved in its continuation, transformation and transmission. This study approaches this challenge from the perspective of social knowledge; the common-sense and empirical reality experienced by the owners of a representative aspect of the culture. The case chosen for this research is the ritual taukuka tattooing practice of the Bellonese people of Solomon Islands. Social representations theory is used to show that the field of representation of this cultural practice is heterogeneous with consensual and non-consensual features. Whilst revival of the taukuka is unlikely due to prerequisite religious ontology, its preservation as significant heritage where ownership remains with the lineages and families may best be assured through cultural education and artistic representations.
35
Costes, Philippe. „La ciguatera en polynesie francaise“. Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU31028.
36
COJAN, BRUNO HIRO. „L'education sanitaire en polynesie francaise“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20171.
37
Tapuni, Nooroa. „The return of the Polynesian Phantom“. AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/914.
Annotation:
This research project, Return of the Polynesian Phantom, investigates self-portraiture through the mediums of moving image, digital modeling, object making, and installation. It seeks to consider in these media an ambiguous threshold between lightness and darkness, the real and the fabricated. The proposition that it explores is that it is at such ambiguous thresholds that notions of identity are negotiated, and where the perception and interpretation of symbolic meaning renders identity phantom.
38
Mury, Florence. „Les échelles des renaissances culturelles en Polynésie française“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LIMO0113.
Annotation:
En Océanie, les renaissances culturelles sont encore souvent abordées, dans les recherches (françaises notamment), sous l’angle de l’« invention de la tradition », selon une perspective favorisant un nationalisme méthodologique, minorant leur portée épistémique. Afin de permettre la pleine réception de ces renaissances culturelles dans le champ scientifique, cette thèse s’inscrit dans une démarche décoloniale et resitue ces processus dans le cadre théorique de l’énonciation d’une différence. En me focalisant sur l’étude des renaissances culturelles tahitienne, marquisienne et mangarévienne (en Polynésie française), je rends compte de la dimension géographique de ces mouvements. Pour couper court à une approche linéaire et historiciste, je développe une analyse par échelles (spatiales, surtout, temporelles, parfois) de l’énonciation de ces différences. Après avoir rappelé l’existence de controverses autour du nationalisme culturel mā’ohi et le primat de l’échelle de l’archipel dans le développement des différentes renaissances culturelles en Polynésie française, je montre comment les marges de ce territoire bénéficient, à travers ces processus, d’une reconsidération. À plus petite échelle, je questionne la faible diffusion dans ce territoire de la perspective océanienne, souvent délaissée au profit d’un subrégionalisme centré sur le « triangle polynésien ». Ceci m’amène alors à envisager la possibilité, même très minoritaire, que ces renaissances culturelles, tout en s’inscrivant dans un ordre scalaire et territorial dominant, puissent présenter une charge critique et mobilisatrice, en mesure de subvertir un statu quo marqué par la colonialitéIn Oceania, the cultural renaissances are very often tackled in the researches (namely French ones) from the standpoint of the « invention of tradition », from a perspective that favours a methodological nationalism, playing down their epistemic scope. In order to allow the full reception of those cultural renaissances in the scientific field, this thesis roots itself in a decolonial approach and sets those processes in the following theoretical frame: the enunciation of a difference. While focusing on the study of Tahitian, Marquesan and Mangarevan cultural renaissances (in French Polynesia), I report on the geographical dimension of those movements. To cut short the linear and historicist approach, I develop a scalar analysis (most of the time spatial scales, but also temporal ones) of the enunciation of those differences. After reminding the existence of controversies regarding mā’ohi cultural nationalism and the primacy of the archipelago scale in the development of different cultural renaissances in French Polynesia, I highlight how this territory fringes benefit from a reconsideration, throughout those processes. On a smaller scale, I question the low spread of the Oceania perspective, often neglected for the benefit of a subregionalism centered on the “Polynesia triangle”. This leads me to consider the possibility, even the slightest one, that those cultural renaissances, while falling within dominant scalar and territorial order, could pose a critical and mobilizing load, able to subvert a statu quo, marked by coloniality
39
BRET, FREDERIC. „Envenimation par synancea verrucosae en polynesie francaise“. Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M314.
40
GOUBE, CHRISTOPHE. „L'aide medicale urgente en polynesie francaise, 1988“. Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M328.
41
Busseuil, Arnaud. „L'autonomie dans la République : bilan politique et juridique de trente années d'autonomie en Polynésie française, 1984-2014“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0008.
Annotation:
La Polynésie française, collectivité d'outre-mer, vit sous le régime juridique de l'autonomie depuis 1977. Ce n'est toutefois qu'à partir de 1984 que les attributions et les symboles d'une véritable autonomie commencent à échoir à la collectivité. Or l'autonomie dans la République est source de nombreuses difficultés juridiques, entre respect d'un principe de subsidiarité à son paroxysme et conciliation des droits et libertés fondamentaux garantis par la République. Ainsi, trente années après les véritables débuts de l'autonomie polynésienne, il est désormais temps de dresser un bilan juridique et politique de l'application dans la collectivité d'un tel régime juridique. Afin de parvenir à un bilan le plus significatif possible, ce travail de recherche propose d'analyser les principales matières qui sont le soubassement du développement d'un territoire, matières dont les compétences ont été transférées à la collectivité territoriale. Ainsi, une analyse juridique et des politiques publiques issues des compétences suivantes est dressée : droit, économie, fiscalité, éducation, santé publique. De surcroît, cette recherche est l'occasion de déterminer les causes de l'échec relatif de l'autonomie polynésienne : gouvernance politique locale, statuts juridiques ou encore vacance étatique. Enfin, un bilan ne peut trouver d'intérêt que dans la projection qu'il peut susciter et il convenait donc de discuter de l'avenir de la Polynésie française, à la fois dans son développement économique et social local et dans sa relation à la République, relation qui pose à nouveau la problématique du délitement hypothétique de l'état unitaire à la françaiseFrench Polynesia, an overseas collectivity, has lived under an autonomy regime since 1977. However, it has only been since 1984 that the attributions and the symbols of a true autonomy have started to fall into the collectivity's hands. Yet, autonomy in the Republic is the source of many legal difficulties, between respecting a principle to its paroxysm and the arbitration of fundamental rights and liberties guaranteed by the Republic. Therefore, thirty years after the real start of Polynesian autonomy, it is about time to draw up a report in the most significant way possible. This research work offers an analysis of the main matters which consist of the foundation of the development of a territory, matters which competences have been transferred to the territorial collectivity. Thereby, a legal analysis and an analysis of the public politics issued from the following competences is drawn up : law, economy, tax system, education and public health. Moreover, this research is an opportunity to determine the causes of a failure in regards to Polynesian autonomy : local political governance, legal statuses or even state vacuum. Finally, such an assessment can only be of interest thanks to the projection it can provoke, and it was thus suitable to discuss the future of French Polynesia concerning both its local social and economical development as well as its relationship with the Republic, a relationship that arouses again the problematic of the hypothetical dismantling of the French unitary state
42
Johansson, Tom. „Archaeology and aDNA in Oceania : Debates on migration patterns the past 50 years“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296506.
Annotation:
The aim of this thesis is to investigate how discussions in archaeology and genetics influence the consensus on human origins and migrations in the South Pacific. By analyzing the genetic research on chicken- and sweet potato-DNA, I present a general overview of how genetics and archaeology shape the understanding of how humans have colonized the Pacific. By deconstructing a review on how the Pacific was settled based on aDNA, I analyze a geneticist’s perspective on archaeological problems. Through this analysis I suggest how archaeology should be approached on a theoretical level in order to be relevant in understanding human migrations in the Pacific. I propose that archaeology’s strength lie in interpreting material culture through an agency perspective in order to reach a dimension not obtainable by biological perspectivesSyftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur diskussioner i arkeologi och genetik påverkar hur vi ser på mänskliga migrationer i Oceanien. Genom att analysera den genetiska forskning som gjorts på kyckling och sötpotatis ges en övergripande bild av hur genetik och arkeologi formar den förståelse som finns för hur människan koloniserat Söderhavet. Genom att dekonstruera en sammanställning av den genetiska forskning som gjorts på mänskligt DNA i Oceanien analyseras en genetikers synsätt på arkeologiska problemställningar. Genom analysen i denna uppsats föreslår jag hur arkeologi borde arbeta på ett teoretiskt plan för att vara relevant i hur vi förstår Oceaniens migrationsmönster. Jag föreslår att arkeologins styrka ligger i att tolka den materiella kulturen genom ett agency-perspektiv för att komma åt en dimension av migrationsproblematiken som inte går att nås genom biologiska perspektiv.
43
Christodoulou, Constantine. „A critical dictionary of Herman Melville's Polynesian terms“. Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4823.
Annotation:
The dissertation is divided into five chapters and focuses primarily on MelvilleâÂÂs
Typee, Omoo, Mardi, and Moby Dick.
Chapter I introduces the idea that Melville understood Polynesian better than
what critics have demonstrated, and that he used the Polynesian language to develop his
own multicultural aesthetic.
Chapter II discusses how Melville attempts to resolve his aesthetic
preoccupations by opening his narratives to the literary potential of the Polynesian
language. The chapter examines representative examples of the orthographic
idiosyncrasies of MelvilleâÂÂs Polynesian adoptions and adaptations which describe his
new literary aesthetic. The chapter also investigates how MelvilleâÂÂs Polynesian aesthetic
affects the construction of meaning in his texts. The chapter finally discusses examples
of past editorial choices which have sidestepped MelvilleâÂÂs Polynesian aesthetic and,
thus, provided readers with a limited understanding of the Polynesian languageâÂÂs role in
MelvilleâÂÂs texts. Chapter III analyzes samples of MelvilleâÂÂs Polynesian adoptions and adaptations
from the above narratives to emphasize the role of the Polynesian language in his Pacific
experience. This chapterâÂÂs intention is to underline the interaction between MelvilleâÂÂs
Polynesian language and culture and his texts, which engendered a complex
multicultural aesthetic that permeated his first three works, continued to influence his
later writings, and contributed significantly to his cosmopolitan vision of American
cultural identity.
Chapter IV contains the dictionary, which incorporates approximately two
hundred entries. Each entry is divided into four sections. The first is a series of quotes
from MelvilleâÂÂs texts that illustrate the various meanings that Melville has given to the
term being examined. The second is a list of definitions from various dialects, intended
to underline the various Polynesian linguistic elements that Melville adopted or adapted
to construct each particular term. The third is an interpretative paragraph that explains
how each term is divided into its constituent parts based on MelvilleâÂÂs aesthetic. The
fourth section contains specific quotes from other sources of the particular term that
underline the significance of that source to MelvilleâÂÂs knowledge of the particular term.
Chapter V concludes with the idea that this dissertation is meant as a starting
guide to reexamining MelvilleâÂÂs Polynesian aesthetic.
44
Lecordier, Nathalie. „Le diabete non insulino-dependant en polynesie francaise“. Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE6544.
45
Parkes, Annette. „Holocene environments and vegetational change on four Polynesian islands“. Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5716.
Annotation:
The specific research objectives of this study are: to look at environmental changes that have occurred on several Pacific island systems from the pre- to post-settlement periods; to see whether the observed changes are natural or anthropogenic; to test the latest Polynesian settlement theory; and to contribute to the understanding of the vegetation history on these islands. This study reports the results of stratigraphic investigations from four Polynesian sediment sequences. The sediments of Lakes Lanoto'o (Upolu), Roto (Atiu), Temae (Mo'orea) and Vaihiria (Tahiti) have revealed a history of environmental and vegetational change during the Holocene, which include long-term climatic variations affecting broad scale vegetation changes on Upolu and Atiu; long term sea-level change influencing the local environment and vegetation on Atiu; localised disruption of vegetation in the Vaihiria basin of Tahiti resulting from natural landslides; and finally, major changes in local environment due to human activity, evident on all of the islands. Records from Lake Lanoto'o and Lake Roto extend into the early Holocene and span both pre- and post-settlement periods, with the latter providing a continuous vegetation record from around 9000 yr BP. Sequences from Lakes Temae and Vaihiria originated in the late Holocene; the Temae record also spans the estimated period of Polynesian expansion into the Society Islands and, consequently provides some insight into the nature of indigenous floras. Modifications attributed to human activity were recognised in the Lanoto'o catchment from 2425±70 yr BP (512 BC). Initial settlement of the Lake Roto basin has been dated from 1420±45 yr BP (AD 640), while a 1210±90 yr BP (AD 790) record of human influence has been determined from the Mo'orea sequence. Fossil pollen records indicate that Polynesian settlers modified the natural vegetation and encouraged the growth of open scrub and fernlands. However, declines in several primary forest plants, previously associated with anthropogenic deforestation, appear to have resulted from natural causes during pre-settlement times. The presence of coconut pollen in two of the lake sequences, dated at -8600 yr BP in Atiu and prior to 1400 yr BP in Mo'orea, strongly suggests that the dispersal of this palm was by natural, as opposed to human agents, in contrast to previous theories. The Polynesian settlement date for Atiu, which is earlier than any previous archaeological records, is in conflict with the views behind the "Orthodox Scenario" of prehistoric settlement, and necessitates a re-think of this theory.
46
Evrard, Jacques. „Toa tua tahua ou guerre et religion en polynesie“. Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100202.
Annotation:
Cette etude sur les deux preoccupations principales des polynesiens que sont la religion et la guerre entend se situer entre deux dates importantes du xviiie siecle,l'arrivee de james cook a matavai ( tahiti) et celle des premiers missionnires protestants de la l m s, debarques du duff le 05 mars 1797 au meme endroit. Cette periode a vu les premiers grands bouleversements des civilisations polynesiennes. Si ces peuples etaient impregnes de spiritualite;lls avaient garde la rudesse de leurs ancetres,les hardis navigateurs venus de quelquepart dans l'ouest. A l'aide de documents existants, l'auteur entend brosser un tableau des preoccupations des polynesiens de l'epoque. Un preambule un peu long, presente les archipels polynesiens avec leurs specificites. Une deuxieme partie montre comment guerre et religion sont indissociables. La religion est omnipresente dans la vie quotidienne,comme le dit ruth benedict,contrairement a notre facon de penser,il ne peut y avoir de paix dazns certaines populations ou l'on considerait meme son voisin comme un ennemi potentiel. Un portrait esquisse de la figure emblematique du chef(ari'i) et du guerrier precede une etude sur la facon dont les polynesiens pratiquaient l'art de la guerre. Puis la tactique et la strategie qu'ils employaient malgre un apparent desordre pendant les engagements precede l'etude des lieux fortifies ou ils pouvaient se refugier ou meme habiter. Ce sont de veritables place-forte erigees partout et qui montrent l'habilete des architectes de cette epoque pour tirer parti au maximum du relief et minimiser les travaux. Il n'existait alors a leur disposition que quelques outils de bois ou de pierre. Le glissement semantique du sens des mots de tapu et rahui demande quelque eclaircissement. Si les mots subsistent aujourd'hui,il faut leur redonner leur sens primitif pour comprendre leur pouvoir sur le polynesien. Enfin les textes et commentaires sur le traite de waitangi en nouvelle zelande montrent comment une grande puissance europeenne pensait pouvoir ainsi regler les differents entre les maoris et les pakeha (europeens). La realite fut tout autre puisque la suite fut une longue suite de batailles qui ne cesserent qu'a la fin du xixe siecleR benedict says that by some peoples peace can not exist between two periods of war because it would mean that enemy could be human being and it cannot be even they are of the same race and same civilisation. . Vayda with his work + the maoris ;try to find reasons,methods and consequences of war. This work try to extend vayda's study to the rest of polynesia. He insists on the relation between war and religion wich seems to him to be two inseparable concepts. Some pages insist on the differences between archipelagos and is followed by the narrow relations between war and religion. An important development shows the role of the ari'i (chief) in war and religion because he is the chief-priest and delegate of the gods to give the mana to his people and war is his own preoccupation. Without mana everything will turn wrong. The figure of the warrior,his attitude,the relations between he and the rest of the community precede a long chapter concerning battles and attitudes of the warriors. A description of the earthworks numerous in polynesia seemed necessary like some lines on the concepts of mana and tapu wich have no more in our century the same signification. To finish and show how an european nation thought to settle things between the maoris and pakehas(new comers of europe). Things were very different indeed,a long war followed and ended only at the end of xixth century
47
ZANINI, JEAN-MARC. „Stocks naturels de nacres - pinctada margaritifera - de polynesie francaise“. Paris, EPHE, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPHE3034.
Annotation:
L'estimation de stocks naturels de nacres pinctada margaritifera a ete realisee sur 7 lagons des tuamotu-gambier (polynesie francaise), a l'aide d'un protocole d'echantillonnage specifique, faisant intervenir donnees satellite, radiales d'echosondage et plongees de comptage. L'estimation totale du stock en effectif, assortie d'un intervalle de confiance, a ete obtenue sur 6 lagons. L'etude par tranche bathymetrique de 10 metres montre l'existence d'un stock profond (30-50m) representant plus de 50% du stock dans les lagons les plus riches. Les densites de peuplement varient d'un facteur 10 a 1000 d'un lagon a l'autre, les lagons fermes renfermant les stocks les plus importants. La comparaison avec les donnees de peche disponibles (1890-1983) indique un niveau d'exploitation passe raisonnable selon le critere de gulland, et les lagons les plus productifs a l'epoque restent aujourd'hui les plus riches, a l'exception de hikueru et takume qui ont connu des episodes de mortalite massive importants. De meme, le ratio stock en elevage sur stock naturel n'indique pas de risque de surcharge des lagons. La serie chronologique d'estimations de stocks sur l'atoll de takapoto montre une forte variabilite temporelle du stock a l'echelle de quelques annees. Le suivi de 3 sites sur une periode de 1 an confirme ce resultat, un episode de mortalite massive localise dans le temps et dans l'espace ayant pu etre observe. Les mortalites coincident avec des conditions meteorologiques particulieres (vent calme et fortes precipitations) et une baisse de l'oxygene dissous dans les zones les plus profondes et les plus enclavees. Ces crises sont envisagees comme explication de la difference d'effectifs de pinctada margaritifera dans les atolls ouverts et fermes.
48
Pfohl, Jacques. „La ciguatera en polynesie francaise : le point en 1989“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR1M138.
49
Bollt, Robert J. „Peva the archaeology of a valley on Rurutu, Austral Islands, East Polynesia /“. Thesis, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=913513661&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1234287018&clientId=23440.
50
Marck, Jeff. „Polynesian language and culture history“. Phd thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144462.