Dissertationen zum Thema „Polymères conjugués – Propriétés électroniques“
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Garrin, Philippe. „Polymères conjugués en solution : relations entre propriétés électroniques et ordre local : copolymères conjugués-saturés“. Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077320.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTurbiez, Mathieu. „Nouveaux systèmes conjugués linéaires intégrant des motifs 3,4-éthylènedioxythiophènes (EDOT) : synthèse et étude des propriétés électroniques“. Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work concerns the development and the study of the properties of new linear conjugated systems (LCS) built with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes (EDOT) moieties. The synthesis of oligomers varying by their length, the number and the position of the EDOT units in the conjugated chain is described. The analysis of the optical and electrochemical properties clearly shows a marked influence of the EDOT unit on the structure of oligomers. The donor effect of the ethylenedioxy group increases the level of the HOMO and contributes to locate the positive charge on the EDOT moieties. A rigidification of the molecules, by intramolecular interactions between oxygen atoms of ethylenedioxy group and the sulphur atoms of an adjacent thiophene cycle, is observed. The last part proposes two alternatives for replacing the EDOT core, its sulphur analogue, EDST, and the3,6-dimethoxy-thienothiophene, which constitute interesting ways to obtain low gap polymers more soluble than the PEDOT
Jaballah, Najmeddine. „Synthèse et étude des propriétés opto-électroniques de nouveaux polymères semi-conducteurs à chromophores séparés de type para-phénylènevinylène“. Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077222.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNew conjugated polymers containing separated para-phenylenevinylene-type chromophores have been synthesized via Wittig and Knoevenagel polycondensations using bisphenols-derived monomers. The structures of polymers were confirmed by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies and their average molecular weights were determined by SEC and NMR ¹H. Thèse macromolecular materials are fully soluble in chloroform and exhibit a good thermal stability. The optical properties of the photoluminescents polymers were investigated in dilute solution and as thin films, and some structure-properties correlations have been established, mainly concerning the effects of spacer group nature, of side-chain structure and incorporation of cyano groups. HOMO and LUMO energy levels were estimated by cyclic voltametry and showed a p-type semi-conducting character for ail polymers. Single-layer diodes, based on these polymers as electro-active materials, bas been fabricated and showed relatively low turn-on voltages. As first application, two multi-layer electroluminescent diodes were elaborate and a green-light emission was obtained
Gutiérrez, Nava Manuel. „Synthèse et propriétés électroniques d'édifices moléculaires et macromoléculaires combinant le C60 avec des oligomères π-conjugués dérivés du p-phénylènevinylène“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNew advanced organic materials combining the fullerene C60 with p-conjugated oligophenylenevinylene (OPV) have been prepared. Two different approaches have been developed. A polymer approach: the synthesis of two monomers, one bearing a fullerene moiety and the other an OPV subunit, has been achieved. Their polymerization led to the following materials: a) fullerene-rich polyesters with a controlled molecular structure; b) OPV-containing polyesters with mesomorphic properties; c) polyesters containing C60 groups and OPV subunits. The latter polyesters combining the two electro- and photo-active units have been used for the preparation of solar cells. A dendrimer approach: fullerene-substituted dendritic branches have been prepared and attached to an OPV core unit. A dendritic effect has been observed for this series of dendrimers. In particular, a progressive shielding of the OPV core has been evidenced when the size of the dendritic branches is increased
Brisset, Hugues. „La rigidification : une nouvelle stratégie de contrôle des propriétés électroniques des systèmes conjugués linéaires“. Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMichaud, Alexandre. „Étude de l'influence de la structure de polymères [Pi]-conjugués à base de 2,7-carbazole sur les propriétés électroniques dans les dispositifs photovoltaïques“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21214.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMichaud, Alexandre. „Étude de la morphologie des polymères π-conjugués à base de 2,7-carbazole et de son influence sur les propriétés électroniques dans les dispositifs photovoltaïques“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26579/26579.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGarbay, Guillaume. „Nouvelles voies de synthèse sans métaux d'oligomères et de polymères π-conjugués pour l'électronique organique“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0240/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, synthesis and characterizations of new conjugated polymers are described.These polymers, developed for their integration into devices, have been synthesized via transitionmetalfree polymerizations. Carbazole based polyazomethines have been synthesized via polycondensation reactions between di-substituted carbazoles, bearing amino and formyl functionsin positions 3,6 or 2,7. Optical and electronical properties of such polymers have been studieddepending of the linkage position. A comonomer EDOT has then been integrated into the polymer chain, and impact of such insertion has been studied. Squaric and croconic acid base polymers have also been synthesized. By varying polymerization conditions, optoelectronic properties have been tuned, leading to the formation of polymers exhibiting a white emission. These polymers have then been integrated into OLED, as the active layer. Finally, more original polymers have been synthesized, using more original reactions or monomers such as by forming in situ benzobisthiazole. Other polymers integrating more originals monomers, such a tetrazine or divanillin, have been synthesized. Optoelectronic properties of such materials have been studied for the purpose of their integration into devices
Vijayakumar, Vishnu. „Highly oriented conducting polythiophene films for thermoelectric applications“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAE004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to develop new polymeric thermoelectric (TE) materials based on oriented polythiophene (PBTTT) films. High-temperature rubbing produces oriented films of controlled orientation and crystallinity. Various doping methods with suitable dopants (F4TCNQ, F6TCNNQ and FeCl3) produced enhanced TE properties along the rubbing direction. A combination of polarized UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and TEM uncovered the amount and orientation of dopants intercalated in the crystals of PBTTT. The diffusion coefficient of dopants is correlated to the length of alkyl side chains : PBTTT with C12 side chains shows the best TE properties because of a fast and effective diffusion of dopants in the polymer films. Finally, we evaluated the impact of dopant (geometry, electronegativity) on the TE properties. Doping oriented PBTTT with FeCl3 helped reach record electrical conductivity of 2×105 S/cm and TE power factors of 1 mW/mK2
Liu, Dizheng. „New pi-conjugated polymers for organic electronics : synthesis and study of materials designed for OFET and/or OLED applications“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS206.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis aims at the design, the synthesis and the characterization of new π-conjugated polymers for OFET or OLED applications. More precisely, the first objective is to prepare two side chain liquid crystalline π-conjugated polymers, namely Polythiophene-oxa and PBTTT-Tri, which can self-organize to ordered nanostructures and exhibit p-type conduction. The second objective is to explore 2 families of novel D-A polymers expected to exhibit TADF feature: one family includes two linear TADF polymers (S1, S2) based on a carbazole- or acridan-based donor backbone and acceptor moieties (such as dicyano-benzene or cyano-pyrimidine) as side groups. The other family includes two new series of vinyl polymers (S3, S4) based on through-space conjugation between the same donor and acceptor units as those used in the first family. The photophysical properties in both solution and solid state have been performed to determine if they are TADF or not
Chouiki, Mustapha. „Élaboration par voie aqueuse de mélanges à base de polymères conjugués : propriétés électriques et optiques“. Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHergué, Noémie. „Nouveaux polymères conjugués dérivés de 4-cyano-3alcoxythiophènes et de dialcoxythiénothiophènes“. Angers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ANGE0049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the synthesis of new polymers using alkoxythiophene derivatives. After a rapid review on the linear conjugated systems properties, a first part is devoted to the presentation of several polyalkoxythiophenes reported in literature. The electronic and structuring effects of the alkoxy groups on the properties og conjugated systems are demonstrated. The second part describes the synthesis of new donner/acceptor systems and the preparation of the resulting polymers. The introduction of electron releasing (alkoxy) and the electron withdrawing (nitrile) groups on the same thiophene ring is used to increase the electronic density homogeneity and to prepare low bandgap polymers. The last part is devoted to the synthesis of 3,6-dialkoxythiéno[3,2-b]thiophene and de 3,4-dialkoxythiéno[3,2-b]thiophene, wich associate the intrinsically rigid structure of thienothiophenes and the autorigidification due to the presence of alkoxy groups. The two structure leads to systems presenting very different properties, thus allowing the modulation of the electronic properties of the various conjugatede systems
Lapkowski, Mieczyslaw. „Polymères conducteurs électroniques : la polyaniline ; propriétés électrochimiques, spectroélectrochimiques et photochimiques“. Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10166.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePenneau, Jean-François. „Polymères conducteurs électroniques : les polyanilines : synthèses, structures et propriétés électrochimiques“. Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHenri, Thierry. „Synthèse et propriétés électrochimiques de polymères conjugués solvatants et de verres moléculaires dérivés du carbazole“. Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/05CERG0233.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe describe the synthesis and the characterization of polymers and molecular glasses to basis of carbazole for the realization of electrooptic devices. We have synthesized polycarbazoles, associating the ionic conductivity of chains hanging oxyethylene and electrochromic properties of carbazoles by chemical and electrochemical polymerization. Then, we elaborated a network drifted of the oligo[N(2,3-epoxy-propyl)carbazole] to rich hanging branches in oxyethylene units. For applications in electroluminescence, we have synthesized the poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene-co-3,3'-bis(N-(3,6,9-trioxadecyl)carbazole)) by coupling of Stille, then studied the electrochemical and optic properties of this alternate copolymer. Finally, we have synthesized and studied the organic molecules possessing properties of molecular glass usable as coins injection layer of holes. The electropolymerisation of some of these molecular glasses has also been done to consolidate the glass
Boulouz, M'barka. „Comportement d'un polymère vieilli sous l'action d'un champ électrique, en présence d'une solution aqueuse“. Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBinsangou, Vincent. „Modifications physiques du polymère CR39 sous faisceau d'électrons : Contribution à l'Optique intégrée“. Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAjlani, Abdallah. „Elaboration de polyéthylène conducteur par inclusion de sel (TTF-TCNQ) : caractérisation électrique et propriétés de détection chimique en phase gazeuse“. Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10248.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDumur, Frédéric. „Nouveaux matériaux moléculaires fonctionnels intégrant des motifs "donneur" et "accepteur" conjugués ou fusionnés : synthèse, propriétés et interactions électroniques“. Angers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ANGE0043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBuvat, Pierrick. „Synthèses et caractérisations de polymères conjugués dérivés du polythiophene : application à l'étude de l'effet des caractéristiques structurales sur les propriétés de reflectance dans l'infrarouge“. Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA132039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRio, Yannick. „Fullerènes et complexes de cuivre ( I ) de la 1,10-Phénanthroline pour l'élaboration de dendrimères à propriétés électroniques originales“. Strasbourg 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13094.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the preparation of new dendrimers with unusual properties. Several series of dendrimers have been prepared. Firstly, C60 has been functionalized with new hydrophilic dendritic branches: the progressive isolation of the C60 core by these branches has been observed by studying the evolution of the first excited triplet lifetime of the fullerene chromophore. This is known to be very environment-dependant. The hydrophilic dendritic wedges have also been attached to a macrocyclic receptor (cyclotriveratrylene) of C60 allowing its solubilisation in aqueous medium, which is necessary for biological applications. In addition, these hydrophilic branches have been connected to hydrophobic fullerodendrons : the resulting diblock dendrimer provides a perfect hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance capable of stabilizing Langmuir films at the air-water interface. Another series of dendrimers in which the core is a copper complex of 1,10-phenanthroline has been prepared. The increased difficulty of accessing the core with the dendritic generation was examined by two techniques : electrochemistry and the kinetics of demetallation of the complex by cyanides. Finally, we have combined the two chomophores in one molecule : a new dyad C60/Cu(I)-bis-phenanthroline complex has been synthesised and its ability for photo-induced electron transfer investigated
Wakim, Salem. „Elaboration de structures conjuguées chirales à partir de dérivés du trans (1R, 2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. Evaluation des propriétés catalytiques et optiques“. Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuichaoua, Dominique. „Modulation des propriétés optiques non linéaires de polymères photoactifs conjugués et de complexes de coordination à base de ligand « iminopyridine azobenzène »“. Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe nonlinear optical (NLO) performance of conjugated azo-based iminopyridine complexes with zinc, silver and rhenium metal cations as well as styrylquinoline containing methacrylic polymers are studied by the proven methods of Maker fringe and Z-scan. The NLO refractive index, NLO absorption coefficient, second order hyperpolarizability and NLO absorption cross section for the azo-based iminopyridine zinc(II) and silver(I) complexes were obtained and analysed. The enhanced NLO parameters of the Rhenium(I) containing azo-based iminopyridine complexes as compared to their corresponding ligands confirm the positive role of the metal complexation. This study promotes the better understanding of the structure-property relationship with possible prediction of NLO properties in such metal complexes. The results of the NLO investigation (second and third harmonic generation) of high-quality thin films of styrylquinoline containing methacrylic polymers are presented. Strong dependence of the NLO response upon the structure of the polymers has been found, which is related to a different charge transfer occurring within the styrylquinoline fragments. Good compatibility has been achieved between the theoretical and experimental results. The contrast in NLO response observed after their trans-cis photoisomerization makes them valuable components for photonics devices
Courric, Stéphane. „Poly(p-phénylènes vinylènes) et dérivés : synthèse et propriétés hyperfréquences“. Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10106.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLadavière, Catherine. „Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques du poly(anhydride maléique-co-méhyl vinyl éther) et de leur rôle sur la synthèse des conjugués copolymères-molécules biologiques“. Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10180.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGhanbaja, Jaâfar. „Synthèse et étude des propriétés structurales, électroniques et magnétiques du polyacétylène dopé par les métaux alcalins : (Na, K, Rb et Cs) en phase vapeur“. Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10493.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXu, Bai. „Synthèse et propriétés électroniques d'une série d’oligomères alpha-conjugués du thiophène : Vers une modélisation du polythiophène et de nouveaux matériaux moléculaires pour l’électronique“. Paris 13, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA132019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Ouazzani Hasnaa. „Propriétés optiques non linéaires du deuxième et troisième ordre de nouveaux systèmes organiques conjugués de type push-pull“. Phd thesis, Angers, 2012. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00990867.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe nonlinear optical phenomena can make devices more efficient and compact providing functions such as frequency conversion or signal processing. However, optoelectronic applications require the synthesis of high performance materials, with specific optical/nonlinear optical properties. To satisfy this demand, an understanding of internal mechanisms is necessary. Because of their ease of production, their potential for optimization, and their large optical nonlinearities, organic compounds are of great interest and widely utilized in this field. This thesis concerns the study of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of new conjugated push-pull systems for the realization of new materials for applications in the field of photonics based on the nonlinear light-matter interaction. The experimental and theoretical properties of the investigated molecules was performed using different techniques (SHG, THG, Z-scan, Optical Kerr Effect) in order to study the influence of the electron transfer process and especially, the influence of donor and acceptors fragments, on the improvement of the second and third order nonlinear optical properties
Leclerc, Nicolas. „Synthèse modulaire de chromophores conjugués pour l'optoélectronique : étude de leur incorporation dans des polymères et de l'influence de l'architecture sur les propriétés photophysiques“. Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066182.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Ouazzani Hasnaa. „Propriétés optiques non linéaires du deuxième et troisième ordre de nouveaux systèmes organiques conjugués de type push-pull“. Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990867.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoume, Chantal. „Synthèse de monomères multiépoxydes et de leurs dérivés acryliques à propriétés thermiques améliorées“. Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePonsaud, Philippe. „Amélioration des propriétés mécaniques transverses de matériaux composites polymérisés sous rayonnement ionisant : étude des facteurs influents“. Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376_2005_376.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElectron-beam curing is a promising technology for manufacturing fiber-reinforced composite materials. These materials generally present insufficient transverse mechanical properties for high performances applications. This work was aimed at improving the properties of carbon fiber-reinforced composites based on epoxy acrylate matrices. Various aspects as fibers wetting, matrix shrinkage on curing, and chemistry occurring at the fiber-matrix interface were studied separately in some details. Solutions were proposed and evaluated at the lab scale and implemented on the composite materials. Significant improvements were obtained by inducing covalent bonding between fibers and matrix. In addition, a study of the morphology of UV- and EB-cured diacrylate networks was carried out to address the issue of matrix heterogeneity
Moldovan, Salomia-Oana. „Ingénierie des systèmes conjugués A-π-D diaziniques et évaluation de leurs propriétés opto-électroniques. Mélamines spirodendritiques à partir des amino-1,3-dioxanes sérinoliques enantiopures. Design, synthèse et analyse structurale“. Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Borgne Damien. „Photovoltaïque organique : étude des interactions électroniques aux interfaces des hétérojonctions organiques“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30147/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOrganic solar cells appear as a promising technology to meet future energy requirements, owing to their low production costs, their great flexibility and their ability to be integrated into light devices. Their performances rely on their architecture and the nature of the chosen materials. As a consequence, two of the key parameters for their development are the control the active layer at a nanometric scale (molecular organisation and the formation of pure compound nanodomains) and the development of new small molecules with optimized electronic and structural properties. This work comes in that aim : the study of the relation between thin film morphology and transport properties at the nanometric scale as function of the chosen materials. Two ways have been explored. The first way relied on self-organisation properties of a liquid crystal for improving the formation and organisation of nanodomains. In this purpose, we have associated a well-known electron donor, the poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), with a complex of nickel, named as [Ni(4dopedt)2], exhibiting columnar liquid crystal properties. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Conductive-AFM (C-AFM), UV-visible absorption and Raman spectroscopy on bulk films have shown the structuring effect of the liquid crystal on the P3HT chains as a function of the films thicknesses and thermal annealing. The second way was based on molecular engineering. Following a bibliographic study, we have designed and synthetized different fluorinated small molecules with electron acceptor capability. For this, a more economical and cleaner synthesis technique has been employed: the direct arylation. These molecules have been characterized by classical analytic technics, and a study of the relation between structure and properties has been carried out. On the one hand, optical, electrochemical and thermal analyses have shown their good stability and their potential for the aimed application. On the other hand, their study in thin film by UV-visible absorption, fluorescence and AFM have shown the influence of backbone substitution by fluorine atoms as well as the impact of the nature of alkyl end chains on the optoelectronic and structural properties of these molecules
Aziz, Abdelhak. „Propriétés électriques des composants électroniques minéraux et organiques. Conception et modélisation d'une chaîne photovoltaïque pour une meilleure exploitation de l'énergie solaire“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143296.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBejenaru, Nela. „Polymérisation des alcynes par métathèse : application à la réalisation de transistors organiques à film mince“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10124.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is dedicated to the alkyne metathesis polymerization for the realization of organic field effect transistors (OTFT). We have been first interested in the synthesis of differently substituted aryleneethynylene materials (PAE, OAE) using the metathesis reaction. We next tested the potentialities of these materials in terms of electronic properties (condyctivity and charge transport), as a function of the structure diversity and chain lengths of the polymers. Among those, the 1,4-di (propynyl) benzene M2 monomer and its oligomerization product P2 (DPn = 4) have shown a p type semiconductor behaviour (conductivity of ca 10-7 S/cm). Organic field effect transistors based on these materials (M2 and P2) exhibited field effect mobilities of around 10-5cm2/V.s. P2 OTFT mobilitie enhancements were obtained , either via functionalization of the substrate with Self Assembled Monolayers of perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (µ= 10-4 cm2/V.s), or via the control of the substrate temperature at 40°C during deposition (µ = 10-3cm2/V.s). The last part of this thesis is devoted to the polymerization reaction of terminal alkynes (hept-1-yne and propyne) on catalysts grafted onto the substrates. Although the polymerization reaction has been revealed to be incomplete by XPS studies, local chain growths were observed on micrometer domains using AFM and MEB spectroscopies, which validates the concept of grafting the catalyst on the transistor base. No field effect was observed, but conductivities between 10-3 and 10-6 S/cm were found, as a probe for the semiconductivity character of the organic layer
Kallitsis, Konstantinos. „Chemical modification of fluorinated electroactive polymers“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0094.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOrganic electronics are a low cost alternative to silicon based electronics that nable the fabrication of flexible devices, broadening the scope of electronics beyond the limitations imposed by silicon. For organic electronics to find wider real world applications, three classes of materials have to be optimized. Those classes are conductors, semiconductors and insulators, which are the three building blocks for any electronic device. While organic conductors and semiconductors have attracted significant attention during the past 40 years, research in high dielectric constant and thus high performance insulators is lagging far behind. The class of organic insulating materials with the highest dielectric constant are the Fluorinated Electroactive Polymers (FEPs). FEPs can be categorized in two different groups with vastly different electronic properties. Those groups are the ferroelectrics and the relaxor-ferroelectrics. The ferroelectric polymers, with main representative the copolymer P(VDF-TrFE) find application in electronic devices such as sensors, actuators, non volatile memories and energy generators. On the other hand, relaxorferroelectric polymers, with main representative the P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) terpolymer are high performance insulating materials and find application in electronics as dielectric layers, in devices such as capacitors, organic field effect transistors, flexible displays and electrocaloric cooling devices amongst others. Although the polymers mentioned above are compatible with a large variety of printing techniques, their limited compatibility with photolithography, which is the method of choice for large throughput electronics production limits their potential of realization. One of the main aims of this thesis was to alter the chemistry of such polymers, in a way that would make them directly compatible with photolithography, while maintaining their desirable electronic properties. To do so, a method allowing the introduction of additional functional groups on FEPs had to be developed. However, due to the excellent chemical stability of fluorinated polymers, developing such a method was a challenging task. The methods developed, use nucleophilic substitution to attach different functional groups on commercially available FEPs by leveraging the existence of groups prone to substitution on the polymer backbone, bypassing the innate chemical stability of such polymers. First, azido groups, known to cross-link upon irradiation with UV light were attached on relaxor ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) terpolymers. The terpolymers bearing azido groups were directly used as negative photoresists in conventional photolithography process while maintaining a very high dielectric constant. Second, due to safety and stability issues, a more general approach was followed, consisting in grafting type II photoinitiators (based on aryl ketones) on the relaxorferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) and the ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) polymers. In those cases exceptionally stable polymers were obtained, with in some cases improved electroactive properties as compared to the pristine materials. These chemistries led us to an extraordinary case study, where FEPs bearing unsaturation were showing remarkable enchancement in electroactive properties. his very simple method of functionalizing FEPS paves the way to many more advances in the field
Akinnifesi, Josiah. „Synthèse par décharge luminescente radio-fréquence de matériaux composites métal-polymère. Etude des propriétés de transport électrique et diélectrique“. Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30149.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXing, Sarah. „Étude par ARPES et STS des propriétés électroniques d’un supraconducteur haute Tc à base de fer et de chaînes de polymères élaborées à la surface de métaux nobles“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0349/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we highlight the advantage of coupling techniques such as angle resolved photoemission (ARPES), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) for investigating the electronic and structural properties of nanostructured surfaces/interfaces. In the first part, the electronic structure of the reentrant superconductor Eu(Fe0.86Ir0.14)2As2 (Tc=22K) with coexisting ferromagnetic order (TM=18K) is investigated using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). We study the in-plane and out-of-plane band dispersions and Fermi surface of Eu(Fe0.86Ir0.14)2As2. The near EF Fe 3d-derived band dispersions near the high-symmetry points show changes due to Ir substitution, but the Fermi surface topology is preserved. The superconducting gap measured at the lowest temperature T=5K (equal to 5.5meV) is beyond the weak-coupling BCS estimation for Tc=22 K. The gap gets closed at a temperature T=10K and this is attributed to the resistive phase which sets in at TM=18K due to the Eu2+ derived magnetic order. The modifications of the FS with Ir substitution clearly indicate an effective hole doping with respect to the parent compound. In the second part, we provide insight into the growth and the electronic properties of 1,4-dibromobenzene (dBB) and 1,4-diiodobenzene on Cu(110), Cu(111) and Cu(775) surfaces. The influence of the substrate is reported in this study: using a copper vicinal surface as support for on-surface Ullmann coupling leads to highly ordered, quasi-infinite polymer growth. Such a new growth mechanism, stemming from vicinal surface reconstructions is observed. The structural composition of different phases obtained in the study is discussed as a concomitant effect of the halogen and the surface geometry. Various interactions such as substrate/molecule, substrate/halogen, molecule/halogen as well as molecule/molecule interactions that took place into the polymerization mechanism are considered for analyzing the electronic properties of the different interfaces. We measured an 1.15 eV HOMO-LUMO gap in dBB/Cu(110), whereas the gap is found to be slightly higher than 1.5eV in dBB/Cu(111) and equal to 2.2eV in dBB/Cu(775). Such a metal-semiconductor transition is shown to occur when the halogen is switched (Br vs I) or the surface geometry is changed (Cu(110) vs Cu(775)) in agreement with the concomitant reduction of the polymer/substrate interaction
Berville, Mathilde. „Radicaux π-conjugués pour la construction et le contrôle redox d'assemblages moléculaires“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF050/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConduction in organic materials is a current challenge addressed by many research groups in order to adapt the structure of materials to their expected applications. The understanding of the conduction requires the exploring of conjugated pi-radicals which are the smallest vector for charge delocalisation. This work focuses on the synthesis of electro-active materials, precursors of conjugated pi-radicals for the self-assembly and the redox control of the physical properties of materials. The first chapter introduces intermolecular interactions that are specific of conjugated pi-radicals and the relevant physical evidences characterizing the interactions. The use of these interactions is then illustrated by selected literature examples. The second chapter describes the synthesis of viologens and the formation of assembly in solution. The third chapter deals with the development of synthesis of bis-viologen cyclophanes and their studying both in the solid state and in solution
Wolfs, Mélanie. „Polymères hydrocarbonés superhydrophobes élaborés par polymérisation électrochimique : une alternative à la chimie du fluor ?“ Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4132.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleControlling wettability of a solid surface is important in many practical applications. This property, resulting from the combination a low surface energy material with a surface structuration, is commonly expressed by the contact angle of a water droplet on the surface. Surfaces with a water contact angle (θwater) larger than 150° are usually called superhydrophobic surfaces. Such surfaces are very interesting because of their expected self-cleaning or anti-contamination properties, which could be applied in various applications such as in biomedical devices, paint or in aeronautics for example. Among all the techniques to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces, electrochemical polymerization is a fast and versatile technique. In current literature on this field, the general approach is the use of highly fluorinated tails to reach the water-repellency. However, as observed in nature, fluorine is not necessary and can present environmental impacts. In this work, we focused on the synthesis of original monomers with hydrocarbon chain as hydrophobic part in order to find alternative to fluorine chemistry to prepare electropolymerized superhydrophobic surfaces. We succeeded to reach high water repellency (θwater > 150°) with hydrocarbon conducting polymers and we determined the influence of chemical and physical parts onto the water contact angle. We also found similar dewetting properties than the fluorinated series meaning the hydrocarbon conducting polymers could be a real alternative to fluorine chemistry
El, Kamchi Noureddine. „Synthèse et propriétés électroniques de nanocomposites à base de Polyaniline : application à la réalisation d’un micro capteur organique électronique d’ammoniac et au blindage électromagnétique dans les bandes X et Ku“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, the structure and the properties of Polyaniline (PAni) based nanocomposites are investigated with the dual objective of conceiving an ammonia sensor with very low detection limit and a light electromagnetic shielding structure.Aspects relating to the band structure, the doping, the electron transport and percolation phenomena are discussed. Then, the preparation of composites was made from the doping of PAni by Camphor Sulfonic Acid (CSA), which allows the protonation of PAni in its insulating form (Emeraldine base). The molar ratio of the protonation ranges from 5% to 50%. However, when the PAni is doped, the mechanical properties are not compatible with the targeted applications. Therefore, it is essential to make blends with thermoplastics to combine the electrical properties of PAni with the mechanical properties of thermoplastic. In case of ammonia sensor, we particularly studied the influence of the nature of the host matrix and the effect of the doping level on the sensor metrological characteristics. The choice of the matrix and the stoichiometry between PAni and acid directly impact the detection threshold and the amplitude of the sensor response. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility to detect concentrations of ammonia of about 10 ppb using composite based on PAni doped CSA, with a molar ratio of 25%, dispersed in Polyurethane (Pu) matrix. In the second part of this work, we have developed a hybrid multilayer material, based on PAni doped CSA and magnetic nanoparticles. The influence of electrical properties of each layer on the material performance was studied. A bilayer structure has been optimized for industrial standards (shielding effectiveness SE>40 dB) and military standards (SE>80 dB) of electromagnetic shielding. The total thicknesses that were retrieved are 530µm for SE>40 dB and 870µm for SE>80 dB. The realized structures are also able to absorb much of the incident waves, their absorption coefficients are greater than 4 dB over the frequency band [8-18GHz]
Messaad, Khalida. „Contribution à la conception de guides optiques à fortes susceptibilités non-linéaires d'ordre 3“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00456183.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAliouat, Mouaad Yassine. „Etude structurale, mécanique et optique des matériaux polymères pour le photovoltaïque étirable“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/201117_ALIOUAT_890hbteq235slkzy966adclc157r_TH.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolar cells have shown tremendous progress in terms of applications thanks to the use of π-conjugated semi-conducting polymer layers as active materials. This has generated a new family of photovoltaic cells called ‘organic’. Moreover, using stretchable supports opens many new nomadic applications in all fields. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the behavior of the electrical and the optical properties of polymer layers under mechanical load. This work is aiming firstly at improving the quality of polymer layers. Then at studying their structural, optical and mechanical properties. For that purpose, two characterization methods have been used: X-ray diffraction at synchrotron is used to probe the structural properties of polymer layers and to know how polymer chains are oriented, spectroscopic ellipsometry is used to extract their optical indices. The obtained results revealed that the structural properties measured by XRD are in good correlation with the optical properties extracted from the optical measurements. In addition to that, we have developed a novel methodology for in-situ XRD measurements coupled with optical microscopic observations to measure the structural parameters of layers and to probe the mechanical behavior of polymer chains under uniaxial tensile load. It is observed that until a given value of stretching, the polymer chains are in compression stress under tensile strains, and they become more oriented. Beyond this value of stretching, the polymer order declined and the compressive stress was relaxed. This relaxation is explained by the increased number of cracks spreading over the entire film as observed using optical microscopy
Hajlaoui, Riadh. „Effet de la structure sur les propriétés électriques et optiques d'oligomères conjugués semi-conducteurs. Application à la réalisation de transistors à effet de champ et de diode électroluminescentes“. Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeyens, Christophe. „Développement et caractérisation de matériaux de surface innovants écologiques pour la sécurité et le confort automobile“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10175.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThermoplastic olefins (TPO) are polymeric materials produce by blending polypropylene, polyethylene and their copolymers. They are used especially in automotive industry to produce bumpers or as skin layer for interior parts such as dashboard. For this application, the shape of the part is given by thermoforming a grained TPO foil. During the process, the thickness of the foil decrease and the grain can be deformed. Thus the user-perceived quality of the final product doesn’t match with customer’s expectation. The treatment of TPO by electron beam (EB) was chosen in this work to modify some physic-chemical properties and potentially improve the thermoforming of TPO’s foil. A preliminary study concerns the irradiation of a commercial TPO mixture. Changes of mechanical and thermal properties are highlighted after treatment. The thermoformability of foil is improved too. However, the effect of EB on the commercial material is restricted by the degradation of polypropylene and some new formulation need to be developed. For this purpose, two different ways are investigated. In the first formulation, TPO is blended with some concentration of triblock copolymer. In the second, reactive monomers are added in the material. These formulations are irradiated by EB and the effect of the treatment is characterized by different methods (differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile test…). Changes of thermoformability are also evaluated for the developed materials
Laprade, Jean Frédéric. „Étude ab initio des propriétés électroniques de polymères conjugués et de cristaux moléculaires“. Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBolduc, Andréanne. „Développement de nouveaux matériaux conjugués aux propriétés opto-électroniques modulables : de l’électrochromisme à la fluorescence“. Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10793.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConjugated materials have received much attention lately owing to their photophysical and electrochemical properties that make them suitable for use in plastic electronics applications. The challenges for the creation of new materials are to have reproducible synthetic methods that lead to easily purified products, as well as the intelligent design of molecules that have the desired properties. It is important do develop a synthetic method to created conjugated materials that doesn’t require harsh reaction conditions or expensive metal catalysts. Azomethine bonds are a good way to resolve this problem, since they are formed by a simple condensation between an amine and an aldehyde with water as the only by-product. They can also be synthetised with little to no purification steps and they are isoelectronic to vinyl bonds that are well-known and understood. It is also of crucial importance to understand clearly the effet of adding electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups in the conjugated backbones of such materials. The main objective of this project is to better comprehend the effect of the added 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) electron-donnating group on the opto-electronic properties of azomthine triads for the incorporation of these materials in stable and efficient electrochromic devices. Therefore, the photophysical and electrochemical properties of these materials will be presented. A series of vinyl analogs will be synthesized to confirm their isoelectronic behavior to azomethines in an opto-electronic point of view. These new vinyl compounds lead to the synthesis of a new amino-thiophene derivative that will be used as a building block for on-surface polymerization of azomethines. These polyazomethines will be incorporated in electrochromic devices and their performances will be discussed. Finally, since the azomethines are known not to be highly fluorescent, the fluorescence enhancement of push-pull bithiophene systems will be presented. The knowledge obtained about fluorescence can be used to enhance the fluorescence quantum yields of azomtehines.This thesis will therefore explore diverse tuning of material’s properties to better understand how to cleverly design conjugated materials.
La thèse est divisée en deux parties, soit le texte principal et les annexes afin d'alléger la taille des documents.
Boulanger, Paul. „Calcul des propriétés électroniques de polymères à base de métallocènes, de polymères pontés et du C60“. Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17390.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDumont, Guillaume. „Calculs des propriétés électroniques du GaAsN, de nanotubes de carbone et de polymères à faible gap par méthodes ab initio“. Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18109.
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