Thematische Bibliographien / Polymer liquids

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Polymer liquids“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 10. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Polymer liquids"

1

Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie, Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil, and Khalina Abdan. "A Brief Review on the Influence of Ionic Liquids on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Chemical Properties of Biodegradable Polymer Composites." Polymers 13, no. 16 (2021): 2597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162597.

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Biodegradable polymers are an exceptional class of polymers that can be decomposed by bacteria. They have received significant interest from researchers in several fields. Besides this, biodegradable polymers can also be incorporated with fillers to fabricate biodegradable polymer composites. Recently, a variety of ionic liquids have also been applied in the fabrication of the polymer composites. In this brief review, two types of fillers that are utilized for the fabrication of biodegradable polymer composites, specifically organic fillers and inorganic fillers, are described. Three types of synthetic biodegradable polymers that are commonly used in biodegradable polymer composites, namely polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), and polycaprolactone (PCL), are reviewed as well. Additionally, the influence of two types of ionic liquid, namely alkylimidazolium- and alkylphosphonium-based ionic liquids, on the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of the polymer composites, is also briefly reviewed. This review may be beneficial in providing insights into polymer composite investigators by enhancing the properties of biodegradable polymer composites via the employment of ionic liquids.
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Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie, Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil, and Khalina Abdan. "Processes and Properties of Ionic Liquid-Modified Nanofiller/Polymer Nanocomposites—A Succinct Review." Processes 9, no. 3 (2021): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030480.

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Ionic liquids can typically be synthesized via protonation, alkylation, metathesis, or neutralization reactions. The many types of ionic liquids have increased their attractiveness to researchers for employment in various areas, including in polymer composites. Recently, ionic liquids have been employed to modify nanofillers for the fabrication of polymer nanocomposites with improved physicochemical properties. In this succinct review, four types of imidazolium-based ionic liquids that are employed as modifiers—specifically alkylimidazolium halide, alkylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, alkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and alkylimidazolium bistriflimide—are reviewed. Additionally, three types of ionic liquid-modified nanofiller/polymer nanocomposites—namely ionic liquid-nanofiller/thermoplastic nanocomposites, ionic liquid-nanofiller/elastomer nanocomposites, and ionic liquid-nanofiller/thermoset nanocomposites—are described as well. The effect of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on the thermo-mechanico-chemical properties of the polymer nanocomposites is also succinctly reviewed. This review can serve as an initial guide for polymer composite researchers in modifying nanofillers by means of ionic liquids for improving the performance of polymer nanocomposites.
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Demir, Baris, Gabriel Perli, Kit-Ying Chan, Jannick Duchet-Rumeau, and Sébastien Livi. "Molecular-Level Investigation of Cycloaliphatic Epoxidised Ionic Liquids as a New Generation of Monomers for Versatile Poly(Ionic Liquids)." Polymers 13, no. 9 (2021): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091512.

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Recently, a new generation of polymerised ionic liquids with high thermal stability and good mechanical performances has been designed through novel and versatile cycloaliphatic epoxy-functionalised ionic liquids (CEILs). From these first promising results and unexplored chemical structures in terms of final properties of the PILs, a computational approach based on molecular dynamics simulations has been developed to generate polymer models and predict the thermo–mechanical properties (e.g., glass transition temperature and Young’s modulus) of experimentally investigated CEILs for producing multi-functional polymer materials. Here, a completely reproducible and reliable computational protocol is provided to design, test and tune poly(ionic liquids) based on epoxidised ionic liquid monomers for future multi-functional thermoset polymers.
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Dembelova, Tuyana, Yuri Baloshin, Yuri Barnakov, Vitalii Petranovskii, and Bair Damdinov. "Mechanical Properties of Viscous Liquids and Nanosuspensions." Solid State Phenomena 271 (January 2018): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.271.119.

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Following the fundamental work by Bazaron, Bulgadaev and Derjaguin [6] on the observation of shear elasticity of low viscous liquids, we build on this study by examining viscous liquids, polymers and suspensions of nanoparticles. In this paper, we review our past and current efforts in these areas. The mechanical properties of liquids, polymers and nanosuspensions have been studied at relatively low frequencies of 105 Hz. The real and imaginary shear moduli of these samples were obtained on equipment using the acoustic resonance technique. It was shown that the shear modulus and viscosity decreases with increasing shear deformation. The behavior of viscoelastic fluids near surfaces is similar to that of colloidal and polymer suspensions, suggesting that the liquid component is determined by the mechanical response of suspensions.
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Kumar, Rajeev, Jyoti P. Mahalik, Kevin S. Silmore, et al. "Capacitance of thin films containing polymerized ionic liquids." Science Advances 6, no. 26 (2020): eaba7952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba7952.

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Electrode-polymer interfaces dictate many of the properties of thin films such as capacitance, the electric field experienced by polymers, and charge transport. However, structure and dynamics of charged polymers near electrodes remain poorly understood, especially in the high concentration limit representative of the melts. To develop an understanding of electric field–induced transformations of electrode-polymer interfaces, we have studied electrified interfaces of an imidazolium-based polymerized ionic liquid (PolyIL) using combinations of broadband dielectric spectroscopy, specular neutron reflectivity, and simulations based on the Rayleigh’s dissipation function formalism. Overall, we obtained the camel-shaped dependence of the capacitance on applied voltage, which originated from the responses of an adsorbed polymer layer to applied voltages. This work provides additional insights related to the effects of molecular weight in affecting structure and properties of electrode-polymer interfaces, which are essential for designing next-generation energy storage and harvesting devices.
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Polevaya, Viktoriya, Viktoriya Geiger, Galina Bondarenko, Sergey Shishatskiy, and Valeriy Khotimskiy. "Chemical Modification of Poly(1-Trimethylsylil-1-Propyne) for the Creation of Highly Efficient CO2-Selective Membrane Materials." Materials 12, no. 17 (2019): 2763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172763.

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The work is devoted to the chemical modification of a polymer that is promising for the creation of gas separation membranes, aimed at increasing the selectivity with respect to CO2. The introduction of ionic liquids into the structure of poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) is realized by a two-step process: bromination of the initial polymer with N-bromosuccinimide and subsequent addition of tertiary amine (N-butylimidazole) to it. Depending on the process conditions, the method allows polymers with different contents of the ionic liquid to be obtained. The obtained polymers show good film-forming properties and thermal stability. Depending on the content of the ionic liquid in the polymer matrix, the resistance to aliphatic alicyclic to the majority of halogenated, as well as aromatic hydrocarbons, increases. With an increase of the ionic liquid content in the polymer, the ideal selectivities of CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 gas pairs increases while maintaining a high level of permeability.
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Wang, Yannan, Qidong Hou, Meiting Ju, and Weizun Li. "New Developments in Material Preparation Using a Combination of Ionic Liquids and Microwave Irradiation." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (2019): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040647.

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During recent years, synthetic methods combining microwaves and ionic liquids became accepted as a promising methodology for various materials preparations because of their high efficiency and low energy consumption. Ionic liquids with high polarity are heated rapidly, volumetrically and simultaneously under microwave irradiation. Hence, combination of microwave irradiation as a heating source with ionic liquids with various roles (e.g., solvent, additive, template or reactant) opened a completely new technique in the last twenty years for nanomaterials and polymers preparation for applications in various materials science fields including polymer science. This review summarizes recent developments of some common materials syntheses using microwave-assisted ionic liquid method with a focus on inorganic nanomaterials, polymers, carbon-derived composites and biomass-based composites. After that, the mechanisms involved in microwave-assisted ionic-liquid (MAIL) are discussed briefly. This review also highlights the role of ionic liquids in the reaction and crucial issues that should be addressed in future research involving this synthesis technique.
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Giunta, Giuliana, and Paola Carbone. "Cross-over in the dynamics of polymer confined between two liquids of different viscosity." Interface Focus 9, no. 3 (2019): 20180074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2018.0074.

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Using molecular dynamics simulations, we analysed the polymer dynamics of chains of different molecular weights entrapped at the interface between two immiscible liquids. We showed that on increasing the viscosity of one of the two liquids the dynamic behaviour of the chain changes from a Zimm-like dynamics typical of dilute polymer solutions to a Rouse-like dynamics where hydrodynamic interactions are screened. We observed that when the polymer is in contact with a high viscosity liquid, the number of solvent molecules close to the polymer beads is reduced and ascribed the screening effect to this reduced number of polymer–solvent contacts. For the longest chain simulated, we calculated the distribution of loop length and compared the results with the theoretical distribution developed for solid/liquid interfaces. We showed that the polymer tends to form loops (although flat against the interface) and that the theory works reasonably well also for liquid/liquid interfaces.
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Luo, Yingjie, Xiaoxia Huang, Shun Yao, Lincai Peng, Fulin Li, and Hang Song. "Synthesis of a New Imidazole Amino Acid Ionic Liquid Polymer and Selective Adsorption Performance for Tea Polyphenols." Polymers 12, no. 10 (2020): 2171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102171.

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A series of imidazolium ionic liquid monomers with L-Proline anions (ViImCn-L-Pro and (ViIm)2Cn(L-Pro)2) were firstly synthesized, after which new copolymer materials were prepared by polymerization of the ionic liquid monomers with N,N′-methylene diacrylamide (MBA). Polymerization conditions, including the ratio of Ils(ViImCn-L-Pro or (ViIm)2Cn(L-Pro)2) and MBA, solvent, ionic liquids and initiator’s amount, were investigated and found to have an important effect on the adsorption capacity. Polymerization conditions were shown to have more significant impacts on adsorption capacities in the following order: the ratio of Ils and MBA > the amount of initiator > ionic liquids > solvent. The polymers were characterized by IR, EA, SEM, particle size distribution and TG. One of the polymers exhibited the highest selective adsorption capacity of tea polyphenols (521 mg/g). which was significantly higher than other adsorption media. The absorbed tea polyphenols could be desorbed readily with 2% hydrochloric acid methanol solution as eluent. The polymer material could maintain a higher adsorption capacity after four reuses. Based on this polymer, a new method for the efficient separation of tea polyphenols from tea water could be developed.
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Xiao, Shuqin, Cong Liu, Lie Chen, Licheng Tan, and Yiwang Chen. "Liquid-crystalline ionic liquids modified conductive polymers as a transparent electrode for indium-free polymer solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 44 (2015): 22316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta06810j.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Polymer liquids"

1

Ravindranath, Sham. "How do Entangled Polymer Liquids Flow?" University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1281320132.

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Li, Xin. "Investigation of Non-linear Rheological Behavior of Polymeric Liquids." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1302374414.

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Livi, Sébastien. "Ionic liquids : multifunctional agents of the polymer matrices." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0101/these.pdf.

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An excellent thermal stability, a low saturated vapor pressure, a no flammability, a good ionic conductivity and the different cations / anions combinations possible of ionic liquids are currently the focus of the research. Because of its various benefits, they are as a new alternative in the polymer science, and particularly in the field of the nanocomposites where their use is currently limited to the function of surfactant for the layered silicates. However, before claiming the status of an alternative, it is necessary to highlight the benefits of their use on the final properties of polymer materials. Initially, the objective of this work was to synthesize different ionic liquids by the nature of cation and anion, but all bearing with long alkyl chains to allow greater compatibility with the matrix. Then, the excellent intrinsic properties of ionic liquids have motivated their use as structuring agents in a fluorinated aqueous dispersion. Thus, their role in ionic agents on the morphology, physical, thermal and mechanical properties was studied. In a second part, ionic liquids have been used as agents intercalating layered silicates and then confronted with conventional surfactants in order to prepare thermally stable clays for the preparation of nanocomposite thermoplastic / clay. In the last section, a small amount of organically modified clays were introduced by melt intercalation in two different matrices in order to highlight the effects of these new interfacial agents on the final properties of the material<br>Une excellente stabilité thermique, une faible pression de vapeur saturante, une ininflammabilité, une bonne conductivité ionique ainsi que les différentes combinaisons cations/anions possibles font des liquides ioniques l'objet d'un engouement grandissant de la Recherche. De part ces avantages, les LI se présentent comme une nouvelle voie dans le domaine des polymères, et en particulier dans le milieu des nanocomposites où leur utilisation est essentiellement limitée à la fonction de surfactant des silicates lamellaires. Néanmoins, avant de pouvoir prétendre à un statut d'alternative, il est nécessaire de mettre en évidence les effets bénéfiques de leur utilisation sur les propriétés finales des matériaux polymères. Dans un premier temps, l’objectif de ce travail a été de synthétiser des liquides ioniques différents par la nature de leur cation et anion mais tous porteurs de longues chaînes alkyles afin de permettre une meilleure compatibilité avec la matrice. Ensuite, les excellentes propriétés intrinsèques des liquides ioniques ont motivé leur utilisation comme agents structurants dans une dispersion aqueuse fluorée. Ainsi, leur rôle d’agents ioniques sur la morphologie, les propriétés physiques, thermiques et mécaniques a été étudié. Dans une seconde partie, les liquides ioniques ont été utilisés comme agents intercalants des silicates lamellaires puis confrontés aux surfactants conventionnels dans le but de préparer des argiles thermiquement stables pour la préparation de nanocomposites thermoplastiques/argiles. Dans une dernière partie, une faible quantité de ces argiles organiquement modifiées ont été introduites par intercalation à l'état fondu dans deux matrices différentes afin de mettre en évidence les effets de ces nouveaux agents interfaciaux sur les propriétés finales du matériau
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Sambriski, Edward John. "Theoretical models for the coarse-graining of polymeric liquids /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1276397971&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-228). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Yu, Zhou. "Molecular Structure and Dynamics of Novel Polymer Electrolytes Featuring Coulombic Liquids." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87049.

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Polymer electrolytes are indispensable in numerous electrochemical systems. Existing polymer electrolytes rarely meet all technical demands by their applications (e.g., high ionic conductivity and good mechanical strength), and new types of polymer electrolytes continue to be developed. In this dissertation, the molecular structure and dynamics of three emerging types of polymer electrolytes featuring Coulombic liquids, i.e., polymerized ionic liquids (polyILs), nanoscale ionic materials (NIMs), and polymeric ion gels, were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to help guide their rational design. First, the molecular structure and dynamics of a prototypical polyILs, i.e., poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate), supported on neutral and charged quartz substrates were investigated. It was found that the structure of the interfacial polyILs is affected by the surface charge on the substrate and deviates greatly from that in bulk. The mobile anions at the polyIL-substrate interfaces diffuse mainly by intra-chain hopping, similar to that in bulk polyILs. However, the diffusion rate of the interfacial mobile anions is much slower than that in bulk due to the slower decay of their association with neighboring polymerized cations. Second, the structure and dynamics of polymeric canopies in the modeling NIMs where the canopy thickness is much smaller than their host nanoparticle were studied. Without added electrolyte ions, the polymeric canopies are strongly adsorbed on the solid substrate but maintain modest in-plane mobility. When electrolyte ion pairs are added, the added counter-ions exchange with the polymeric canopies adsorbed on the charged substrate. However, the number of the adsorbed electrolyte counter-ions exceeds the number of desorbed polymeric canopies, which leads to an overscreening of the substrate's charge. The desorbed polymers can rapidly exchange with the polymers grafted electrostatically on the substrate. Finally, the molecular structure and dynamics of an ion gel consisting of PBDT polyanions and room-temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) were studied. First, a semi-coarse-grained model was developed to investigate the packing and dynamics of the ions in this ion gel. Ions in the interstitial space between polyanions exhibit distinct ordering, which suggests the formation of a long-range electrostatic network in the ion gel. The dynamics of ions slow down compared to that in bulk due to the association of the counter-ions with the polyanions' sulfonate groups. Next, the RTIL-mediated interactions between charged nanorods were studied. It was discovered that effective rod-rod interaction energy oscillates with rod-rod spacing due to the interference between the space charge near each rod as the two rods approach each other. To separate two rods initially positioned at the principal free energy minimum, a significant energy barrier (~several kBT per nanometer of the nanorod) must be overcome, which helps explain the large mechanical modulus of the PBDT ion gel reported experimentally.<br>Ph. D.<br>Polymer electrolytes are an indispensable component in numerous electrochemical devices. However, despite decades of research and development, few existing polymer electrolytes can offer the electrochemical, transport, mechanical, and thermal properties demanded by practical devices and new polymer electrolytes are continuously being developed to address this issue. In this dissertation, the molecular structure and dynamics of three emerging novel polymer electrolytes, i.e., polymerized ionic liquids (polyILs), nanoscale ionic materials (NIMs), and polymeric ion gels, are investigated to understand how their transport and mechanical properties are affected by their molecular design. The study of polyILs focused on the interfacial behavior of a prototypical polyILs supported on neutral and charged quartz substrates. It was shown that the structure and diffusion mechanism of the interfacial polyILs are sensitive to the surface charges of the substrate and can deviate strongly from that in bulk polyILs. The study of NIMs focused on how the transport properties of the dynamically grafted polymers are affected by electrolyte ion pairs. It was discovered that the contaminated ions can affect the conformation the polymeric canopies and the exchange between the “free” and “grafted” polymers. The study of polymeric ion gels focused on the molecular and mesoscopic structure of the ionic liquids in the gel and the mechanisms of ion transport in these gels. It was discovered that the ions exhibit distinct structure at the intermolecular and the interrod scales, suggesting the formation of extensive electrostatic networks in the gel. The dynamics of ions captured in simulations is qualitatively consistent with experimental observations.
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Tretyakov, Nikita. "Molecular Dynamics simulations of polymer liquids on substrates of different topography." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F67D-3.

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Hunt, Thomas A. "Theory and simulation of polymer liquids under extensional and shear flows." Swinburne Research Bank Swinburne Research Bank, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net.

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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Centre for Molecular Simulation - 2008.<br>Submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy, Centre for Molecular Simulation, Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, 2008. Typescript. Bibliography: p. 206-226.
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Mohan, Aruna 1981. "Field-driven dynamics of dilute gases, viscous liquids and polymer chains." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42429.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. [131]-136).<br>This thesis is concerned with the exploration of field-induced dynamical phenomena arising in dilute gases, viscous liquids and polymer chains. The problems considered herein pertain to the slip-induced motion of a rigid, spherical or nonspherical particle in a fluid in the presence of an inhomogeneous temperature or concentration field or an electric field, and the dynamics of charged polymers animated by the application of an electric field. The problems studied in this thesis are unified by the existence of a separation of length scales between the macroscopic phenomena of interest and their microscopic underpinnings, and are treated by means of coarse-graining principles that exploit this scale separation. Specifically, the first part of this thesis investigates the dynamics caused by the existence of a slip velocity at a fluid-solid interface. The macroscopic slip boundary condition obtains from the asymptotic matching of the velocity within the microscale layer of fluid adjoining the solid surface, and the velocity in the bulk fluid. In the case of a gas, the microscopic length scale is constituted by the mean free path, and the layer of gas adjoining the solid boundary having a thickness of the order of the mean free path is referred to as the Knudsen layer. The parameter representing the ratio of the mean free path to the macroscopic length scale is the Knudsen number, denoted Kn. The widely-used Navier-Stokes and Fourier equations are valid away from the solid boundary at distances large compared to the mean free path in the limit Kn < 1, and necessitate the imposition of continuum boundary conditions on the gas velocity and temperature at the outer limit of the Knudsen layer. These macroscopic equations are typically solved subject to the no-slip of velocity and the equality of the gas and solid temperatures at the solid boundary.<br>(cont) However, as first pointed out by Maxwell, the no-slip boundary condition fails to explain experimentally observed phenomena when imposed at the surface of a nonuniformly heated solid, and must be replaced by the thermal slip condition obtained via the asymptotic matching of the velocity within the Knudsen layer with that in the bulk gas. Slip has also been proposed to occur at liquid-solid boundaries under conditions of inhomogeneous temperature or concentration. In this thesis, we extend Faxen's laws for the force and torque acting on a spherical particle in a fluid with a prescribed undisturbed flow field to account for the existence of fluid slip at the particle surface. Additionally, we investigate the effect of particle asymmetry by studying the motion of a slightly deformed sphere in a fluid having a uniform unperturbed flow field, and demonstrate that the velocity of a force- and torque-free particle is independent of its size or shape. While the slip-induced motions studied in this thesis are presented in the context of thermally-induced slip arising from the existence of a temperature gradient, the results are equally applicable to more general phoretic transport, encompassing the electrokinetic slip condition employed in the treatment of charged particle dynamics in an electrolytic liquid. Analogous to the thermal slip condition imposed on a gas at the outer limit of the Knudsen layer, the electrokinetic slip condition is imposed at the outer limit of the layer of counterions surrounding a charged surface in an electrolytic liquid. The studies presented in this thesis have potential applications in aerosol and colloid technology, in the nonisothermal transport of particulates in porous media and MEMS devices, and in the electrophoresis of charged bodies. The behavior of a charged polymer molecule in an electric field constitutes the subject of the second part of this thesis.<br>(cont) Motivated by the medical and technological necessity to effect the size-separation of DNA chains in applications ranging from the Human Genome Project to DNA-based criminology, we consider specifically the dynamics of electric-field driven DNA chains in size-based separation devices. The conventional technique of constant-field gel electrophoresis is ineffective in achieving the separation of long DNA chains whose sizes exceed a few tens of kilobase pairs, owing to the fact that the velocity becomes independent of chain size for long chains in a gel. This limitation of gel electrophoresis has spurred the development of alternative separation devices, such as obstacle courses confined to microchannels wherein the obstacles may be either microfabricated or formed from the self-assembly of paramagnetic beads into columns upon the imposition of a magnetic field transverse to the channel plane. Size separation in the latter devices arises from the fact that longer chains, when driven through the channel by an applied electric field, are more likely to collide with the obstacles and take longer to disentangle from the obstacle once a collision has occurred, relative to shorter chains. Consequently, a longer chain requires more time to traverse the array compared to a shorter chain. As a model for the transient chain stretching occurring subsequent to the collision of an electrophoresing DNA molecule with an obstacle, we study the unraveling of a single, tethered polymer molecule in a uniform solvent flow field. In the context of a polymer, the microscopic length scale is associated with the size of a monomer. We, however, employ a coarse-grained representation wherein the polymer is modeled by a chain of entropic springs connected by beads, with each bead representing several monomers, thereby enabling a continuum description of the solvent. We adopt the method of Brownian dynamics applied to the bead-spring model of the polymer chain.<br>(cont) We consider both linear force-extension behavior, representative of chain stretching in a weak field, and the finitely-extensible wormlike chain model of DNA elasticity, which dominates chain stretching under strong fields. The results yield insight into the mechanism of tension propagation during chain unraveling, and are more generally applicable to situations involving transient stretching, such as chain interactions arising in entangled polymer solutions. We next conduct investigations of chain dynamics in obstacle-array based separation devices by means of coarse-grained stochastic modeling and Brownian dynamics simulation of a chain in a self-assembled array of magnetic beads, and predict the separation achievable among different chain sizes. We examine the influence of key parameters, namely, the applied electric field strength and the spacing between obstacles, on the separation resolution effected by the device. Our results elucidate the mechanisms of DNA dynamics in microfluidic separation devices, and are expected to aid in the design of DNA separation devices and the selection of parameters for their optimal operation.<br>by Aruna Mohan.<br>Ph.D.
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Warner, Julia D. "Transport analysis in polymeric liquids and films: Investigations in ionic mobility isolation techniques and permeability control." W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623430.

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An in situ measurement technique that isolates the mobility of charge carriers is described and analyzed. The technique allows significant improvement over conductivity measurements to monitor changes in the physical properties and state of a material as it cures. This is essential in systems where Ni, the number of charge carriers, cannot be assumed constant such as during cure of epoxies, urethanes and polyimides.;Currently, there is an assumption made in the literature that the number of charge carriers present in a curing material is constant when conductivity is used as an in situ measurement technique to monitor changes in mobility. Ion mobility, time of flight (ITOF) measurements, which are described here, are an appropriate technique to isolate and measure particle mobility due to changes in the state of the material. The ITOF technique, coupled with the measurement of sigma, the ionic conductivity, allows one to measure separately changes in the mobility and the number of charge carriers due to curing or changes in temperature. This is possible since conductivity is the product of the number of charge carriers and their mobility. Length of pulse, strength of applied field, sensor geometry, and temperature/viscosity are examined to determine optimum parameters of measurement for both a simple non-curing system, and more complex, hydrogen-bonded epoxy.;The second focus of this thesis is our recently developed single stage in situ synthesis of hybrid membranes comprised of nanometer-sized metal and metal oxide particles in polyimides. The major goal is development of polymer based structural materials designed to achieve exceptional performance properties regarding gas permeability and gas separation selectivity, particularly in regard to their thickness, modulus, and strength to weight ratio. We investigate hybrid inorganic-polyimide films where the nanoparticle inorganic phases are of two types: (1) nanometer-sized rare earth (lanthanum, gadolinium and holmium) oxide molecular clusters and (2) nanometer-sized palladium and silver metal clusters. For the polymeric phase we used aromatic poly(amic acid)s-polyimides because of their strength and chemical and thermal stability.
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Lee, Minjae. "Design, Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Polymeric Building Blocks and Novel Ionic Liquids, Ionic Liquid-Based Polymers and Their Properties." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77166.

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The convergence of supramolecular and polymer sciences has led to the construction of analogs of traditional covalently-constructed polymeric structures and architectures by supramolecular methods. Host-guest complexations of polymers are also possible through well-defined synthesis of polymeric building blocks, for novel supramolecular polymers. Monotopic polymeric building blocks were synthesized by controlled radical polymerizations with a crown or paraquat initiator. The combinations of terminal and central functionalities of host and guest polymeric building blocks provided chain-extended and tri-armed homopolymers, and diblock and tri-armed copolymers. A supramolecular graft copolymer was formed from a main-chain poly(ester crown ether) and a paraquat terminated polystyrene. This comb-like copolymer was characterized by a large viscosity increase. A four-armed polystyrene-b-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) was synthesized from a pseudorotaxane macroinitiator derived from a complex of a crown-centered polystyrene and a dufunctional paraquat compound. A single peak with higher molecular weight from size exclusion chromatography proved the copolymer formation. Supramolecular interactions enhance the ionic conductivity of semi-crystalline ionic polymers; the ionic conductivity of a C₆-polyviologen and dibenzo-30-crown-10 mixture was 100 times higher than the polyviologen itself. However, ionic conductivities of amorphous polyviologens with polyethers were influenced only by glass transition temperature changes. New imidazolium ionic liquid monomers and imidazolium based polymers were synthesized for potential applications in electroactive devices, such as actuators. Structure-property relationships for pendant imidazolium polyacrylates and main-chain imidazolium polyesters were investigated. Terminal ethyleneoxy moeties enhanced ionic conduction 2~3 times; however, the alkyl chain length effect was negligible. For the imidazoium polyesters, higher ion conductivities result from 1) mono-imidazolium over bis-imidazolium, and 2) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide polymers over hexafluorophosphate analogs. A semi-crystalline hexafluorophosphate polyester with C₁₀-sebacate-C₁₀, displayed 400-fold higher ionic conductivity than the amorphous C₆-sebacate-C₆ analogue, suggesting the formation of a biphasic morphology in the former polyester. New dicationic imidazolium salts have interesting features. 1,2-Bis[N-(N'-alkylimidazoilum)]ethane salts stack well in the solid state and possess multiple solid-solid phase transitions. They complex with dibenzo-24-crown-8 and a dibenzo-24-crown-8 based pyridyl cryptand with <i>K<sub>a</sub></i> = ~30 and 360 M¹, respectively. Some of these dicationic imidazolium salts have low entropies of fusion, typical of plastic crystals. These newly discovered imidazolium homopolymers have ionic conductivities up to 10⁴ (S cm⁻¹); however, better properties are still required. Well-designed block copolymers should provide both good electrical and mechanical properties from bicontinuous morphologies, such ion channels.<br>Ph. D.
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Bücher zum Thema "Polymer liquids"

1

Brazel, Christopher S., and Robin D. Rogers, eds. Ionic Liquids in Polymer Systems. American Chemical Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2005-0913.

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Polymeric liquids and networks: Structure and properties. Garland Science, 2004.

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Mecerreyes, David, ed. Applications of Ionic Liquids in Polymer Science and Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44903-5.

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Levit͡skiĭ, S. P. Bubbles in polymeric liquids: Dynamics and heat-mass transfer. Technomic Pub., 1995.

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Donald, A. M. Liquid crystalline polymers. Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Liquid Crystalline Polymers. Liquid crystalline polymers: Report. National Academy Press, 1990.

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Karen, Mitchell, ed. Liquid polymer clay. Krause, 2003.

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Wolf, Bernhard A. Polymer Thermodynamics: Liquid Polymer-Containing Mixtures. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Perspectives on the macromolecular condensed state. World Scientific, 2002.

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Dierking, Ingo, ed. Polymer-modified Liquid Crystals. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788013321.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Polymer liquids"

1

Voigt-Martin, I. G. "Polymer liquid crystals-liquids or crystals." In Crystallization of Polymers. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1950-4_17.

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Malkin, A. Ya, and P. V. Zhirkov. "Flow of polymerizing liquids." In Polymer Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-52159-3_7.

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Yoshizawa-Fujita, Masahiro, and Hiroyuki Ohno. "Polymer Brushes." In Electrochemical Aspects of Ionic Liquids. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118003350.ch32.

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Yoshizawa, Masahiro, and Hiroyuki Ohno. "Polymer Brushes." In Electrochemical Aspects of Ionic Liquids. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471762512.ch31.

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Schirmacher, Walter. "Polymer Dynamics." In Theory of Liquids and Other Disordered Media. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06950-0_10.

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Yoshizawa-Fujita, Masahiro, and Hiroyuki Ohno. "Zwitterionic Liquid/Polymer Gels." In Electrochemical Aspects of Ionic Liquids. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118003350.ch28.

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Yoshizawa, Masahiro, and Hiroyuki Ohno. "Zwitterionic Liquid/Polymer Gels." In Electrochemical Aspects of Ionic Liquids. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471762512.ch27.

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Livi, Sebastien, Jean-François Gérard, and Jannick Duchet-Rumeau. "Ionic Liquids as Polymer Additives." In Applications of Ionic Liquids in Polymer Science and Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44903-5_1.

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Guenza, Marina G. "Cooperative Dynamics in Polymer Liquids." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2002-0820.ch007.

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Andrzejewska, Ewa. "Chapter 10. Photoinitiators in Ionic Liquids." In Polymer Chemistry Series. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788013307-00287.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Polymer liquids"

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Meyer, Eleanor L., Gerald G. Fuller, and Robert H. Reamey. "Structure and dynamics of liquid crystalline droplets suspended in polymer liquids." In IS&T/SPIE 1994 International Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, edited by Ranganathan Shashidhar. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.172129.

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Bayer, I. S., C. M. Megaridis, J. Zhang, and D. Gamota. "Use of Contact Angle Hysteresis in Estimating Thin Polymer Film Surface Energy and Wettability." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-16173.

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A recent surface energy estimation method [1] interpreting contact angle hysteresis measurements was used to estimate surface energy of various commercially important polymer films including UV radiation cross-linked acrylic based monomer systems. The validity of the method was tested on highly hydrophobic non-polar amorphous fluoro-polymers using a number of polar and low surface tension liquids. Contact angle hysteresis was present on these surfaces even though surface morphology of the solution processed fluoro-polymers is close to ideal. Estimated surface energies using such probe liquids were consistent varying slightly with the probe liquid type. On such highly ordered and non-polar polymer surfaces use of polar and low surface tension liquids results in accurate surface energy estimation. However, use of polar probe liquids commonly employed in surface energy estimation methods, such as, Harmonic mean (HM), Geometric mean (GM) or Lewis Acid-Base method (LWAB) on polar surfaces such as polyester resulted in inconsistent surface energy values. To strengthen this observation, the ASTM surface energy estimation procedure (ASTM D2578 04a) developed for polyethylene and polypropylene surfaces (both non-polar) was employed on a sample polar polyester surface using the ASTM probe liquids. Results showed inconsistent surface energy values supporting the conclusion that care must be exercised during use of polar probe liquids in estimating surface energy on polar polymers with the contact angle hysteresis method. Finally, UV radiation cross-linkable acrylic polymer surface energies were estimated with the hysteresis method. Surface energy results were consistent based on five different probe liquids. It was observed that surface energy of the cross-linked monomer networks decreased slightly with increasing UV curing time.
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Onoda, Mitsuyoshi, and Kazuya Tada. "Conduction current behavior during electrophoretic deposition of conductive polymer." In 2011 IEEE 17th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl.2011.6015405.

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Fomin, Sergei A., Konstantin G. Kornev, Chris Wolter, Jon Young, and Tyler Brandenburg. "Mathematical Modeling of the Polymer Rotational Molding." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37619.

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We study the rimming flow of a viscoelastic film on the inner surface of a horizontal rotating cylinder. Simple lubrication theory is applied assuming that the Reynolds number is small and the liquid film is thin. For the steady-state flow of the Upper-Convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid the mathematical model reduces to a first order nonlinear ODE for the film thickness. We show that the liquid viscoelasticity changes the flow structure. In particular, the singularity observed for viscous liquids within the same lubrication approximation can be eliminated due liquid elasticity. We performed a detailed numeric analysis of the model and revealed some criticality regimes which are specific only for viscoelastic liquids.
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Plesse, Cédric, Giao T. M. Nguyen, Frédéric Braz Ribeiro, et al. "All-solid state ionic actuators based on polymeric ionic liquids and electronic conducting polymers." In Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XX, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2300774.

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Bennett, Matthew D., and Donald J. Leo. "Ionic Liquids as Hyper-Stable Solvents for Ionic Polymer Transducers." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43551.

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Nafion™ membranes are known to operate as electromechanical actuators and sensors. The transduction in the material is caused by redistribution of the mobile cations in the material, which is made possible because the material is saturated with a solvent. Typically the solvent used is water, although its use limits the performance of these materials. This is due to the chemical breakdown of the water at relatively low operating voltages and the loss of the water to evaporation when these devices are operated in air, causing a corresponding loss of performance. In the current work, the use of highly stable ionic liquids to replace water is explored. Ionic liquids have the advantage of greater electrochemical stability than water, thus offering the possibility of higher actuation voltages for these materials. Also, ionic liquids are known to be non-volatile and therefore will not leach out of the polymer by evaporation as water will. This paper will present the results of some initial work with ionic liquids and will compare these materials to the same polymers solvated with water.
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Bennett, Matthew D., and Donald J. Leo. "Ionic liquids as novel solvents for ionic polymer transducers." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.540220.

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Liu, Sheng, Minren Lin, and Qiming Zhang. "Extensional ionomeric polymer conductor composite actuators with ionic liquids." In The 15th International Symposium on: Smart Structures and Materials & Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.787597.

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Vaudey, Claire-Emilie, Sébastien Renou, Dennis Kelley, Chantal Cochaud, and Roger Serrano. "Cadarache LOR (Liquides Organiques Radioactifs) Treatment by a Solidification Process Using NOCHAR Polymers." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96298.

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In France, two options can be considered to handle the Very Low Level Waste (VLLW) and the Low Level Waste (LLW). The first one is the incineration at CENTRACO facility and the second one is the disposal at ANDRA sites. The waste acceptance in these two channels is dependent upon the adequacy between the waste characteristics (physical chemistry and radiological) and the channel specifications. If the waste characteristics and the channel specifications (presence of significant quantities of halogens, complexants agents, organic components… or/and high activity limits) are incompatible, an alternative solution have to be identify. It consists of a waste pre-treatment process. For Cadarache LOR (Liquides Organiques Radioactifs) waste streams, two radioactive scintillation cocktails have to be treated. They are composed of a mix of organic liquids and water: for the first one, 19 % of organic compounds (xylene, mesitylene, diphenyloxazole, TBP…) and 86.9 % of water, and for the second one, 23 % of organic compounds (TBP…) and 77 % of water. They contain halogens (chlorine and fluorine), complexants agents (nitrate, sulphate, oxalate and formate) and have got αβγ spectra with mass activities equal to some 100 Bq/g. Therefore, tritium is also present. As a consequence, in order for storage acceptance at the ANDRA site, it is necessary to pre-treat the waste. An adequate solution seems to be a solidification process using NOCHAR polymers. Indeed, NOCHAR polymers correspond to an important variety of products applied to the treatment of radioactive aqueous and organic liquids (solvent, oil, solvent/oil mixing …) and sludge through a mechanical and chemical solidification process. For Cadarache LOR, N910 and N960 respectively dedicated to the organic and aqueous liquids solidification are considered. With the N910, the organic waste solidification occurs in two steps. As the organic liquid travels moves through the polymer strands, the strands swell and immobilize the liquid. Then as the polymer-organic cure, over time, the polymer continues to collapse on the organic to create a permanent chemical bond. The N960 has the ability to absorb aqueous waste up to 100 times its own weight. It creates a strong mechanical bond which permanently traps the contamination imbedded in the aqueous liquids. Therefore, these two NOCHAR polymers seem to be able to constitute a suitable solidification matrix for a final acceptance in storage on ANDRA sites. In order to validate the solidification process using NOCHAR polymers as an acceptable solution for Cadarache LOR treatment, some solidification tests realised with N910 and N960, have been carried out for different Waste/Polymer ratios. To determine the best Waste/Polymer ratio and the optimal experimental parameters, exudation tests have been made. Indeed, the process prevents leaching and it results in the absence residual free organic or aqueous liquid which is forbidden in storage by ANDRA specifications. With these results, the obtained scientific data constitute a fundamental basis of an ANDRA agreement. As a conclusion, the aim of this study is to demonstrate that the pre-treatment by solidification using NOCHAR polymers can constitute a solution for Cadarache LOR handling and more generally, for various organic and mixed organic/aqueous waste which can not be directly acceptable at CENTRACO facility or at ANDRA storage sites. So then, this study is a solid background to demonstrate the feasibility of the waste pre-treatment by solidification with NOCHAR polymer and to encourage this process development.
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Harrison, Benjamin, Richard Czerw, Manohar S. Konchady, Devdas M. Pai, Matt W. Lopatka, and Paul B. Jones. "Ionic Liquids Incorporating Nanomaterials as Lubricants for Harsh Environments." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81680.

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Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at ambient temperatures, and they produce virtually no hazardous vapors. As lubricating liquids, ionic liquid lubricants are of interest for reducing wear in circumstances where conventional lubricants are impractical such as in aerospace applications and high temperature vacuum bearings. The synthetic flexibility of ionic liquids allows control of the liquidous temperature range, good polymer compatibility, and high thermal stability. In this paper, a variety of ionic liquids were synthesized to build a library for testing. The liquids were thermally characterized by DSC and TGA, and mechanically characterized by pin-on-disk and 4-ball testing. Several chiral ionic liquids were synthesized as candidates for MEMS testing. The chiral nature of the liquids should help prevent crystallization in MEMs applications. Additionally, nanomaterials incorporated into the lubricants imparted lower friction coefficients and enhanced thermal stability.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Polymer liquids"

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Allara, David L. Liquid film/polymer interfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/811808.

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Schmidt, V. H., and G. F. Tuthill. Electroactive polymers and liquid crystals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5234969.

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Wiederrecht, G. P., and M. R. Wasielewski. Photorefractivity in polymer-stabilized nematic liquid crystals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/656737.

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Webber, S. E. Polymers at liquid-liquid interfaces: Photophysics and photoredox chemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6313119.

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Webber, S. E. Polymers at liquid-liquid interfaces: Photophysics and photoredox chemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5890123.

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Perahia, Dvora. Study of Hydrophobic and Ionizable Hydrophilic Copolymers at Polymer/Solid and Polymer/Liquid Interfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1083754.

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Bernkopf, Jan, and Patrick Mullen. Low Voltage, High Resistance, Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal. Defense Technical Information Center, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada291946.

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Rusek, J. J., and M. Macler. Propellant Containment Via Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polymers. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada341792.

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Cohen, Yoram. Novel Ceramic-Polymer Composite Membranes for the Separation of Liquid Waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827265.

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Yoram Cohen. Novel Ceramic-Polymer Composite Membranes for the Separation of Hazardous Liquid Waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/791375.

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