Thematische Bibliographien / Polychlorinated biphenyls

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  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte
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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Polychlorinated biphenyls“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 31. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Polychlorinated biphenyls"

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Murínová, Slavomíra, und Katarína Dercová. „Bacterial cell membrane adaptation responses on stress caused with the environmental pollutants“. Acta Chimica Slovaca 6, Nr. 1 (01.04.2013): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acs-2013-0017.

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Abstract The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on biomass production, lipid accumulation, and on the fatty acid profile of the major membrane lipids of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans isolated from a soil long-term contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls was examined. The lowest bacterial growth was observed in the presence of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls. On the other hand, the highest growth stimulation was observed in the presence polychlorinated biphenyls. Higher growth ability was observed when polychlorinated biphenyls or 3-chlorobenzoic acid were added after three days of cultivation. Higher lipid accumulation corresponded with lower growth ability. The importance of time when bacterial strain meets polychlorinated biphenyls or 3-chlorobenzoic acid should be emphasized. The addition of toxic organic compound later in stationary growth phase led to better survival and evoked lower membrane adaptation. However, polychlorinated biphenyls or 3-chlorobenzoic acid amendment at the beginning of cultivation stimulated adaptation responses as membrane saturation, cis to trans isomerisation, and branched fatty acids alteration and decreased growth ability. Palmitic acid and 17-cyclopropyl fatty acid were observed as prevalent in the bacterial membrane as well as in the total lipids.
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Gałuszka, Agnieszka, Zdzisław M. Migaszewski und Neil L. Rose. „A consideration of polychlorinated biphenyls as a chemostratigraphic marker of the Anthropocene“. Anthropocene Review 7, Nr. 2 (28.04.2020): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019620916488.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls, organic pollutants of anthropogenic origin, were widely used in many industrial applications worldwide roughly from the 1930s to the 1970s. Both the use and disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls contributed to their ubiquity in different environmental compartments, and they show extremely high persistence because of their high physical and chemical stability. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental archives located in different parts of the world usually show an initial increase in the 1940s–1950s and maxima in the 1960s–1970s followed by a sharp decline following the ban in their use. Thus, the increase in polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations would appear to be suitable as a chronostratigraphic marker in Anthropocene strata. This manuscript discusses the polychlorinated biphenyls record in different environmental archives in the context of temporal and spatial trends in production and application of these compounds as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the use of polychlorinated biphenyls in the chemostratigraphy of the Anthropocene series.
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Li, Honghua, Pu Wang, Yongming Ju, Wenjuan Li, Ruiqiang Yang, Gang Li, Wenqiang Ren, Jie Li und Qinghua Zhang. „Occurrence and Source Identification of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Surface Sediments from Liangshui River in Beijing, China“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 24 (08.12.2022): 16465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416465.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls were measured in the surface sediments of Liangshui River, the second largest drainage river in Beijing, China. The sum concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls ranged from 3.5 to 3019 (mean value: 184) pg g−1 dry weight and from 319 to 5949 (mean value: 1958) pg g−1 dry weight, and the corresponding World Health Organization toxic equivalent quantity values were 0.0011–5.1 pg TEQ g−1 dry weight and 0.0074–1.4 pg TEQ g−1 dry weight, respectively. The spatial distributions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls showed increasing trends from urban area and development area to suburb. Principal component analysis revealed that polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans contamination in the sediments may originate from pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate and municipal solid waste incineration. Regarding polychlorinated biphenyls, the steel industry, combustion processes and usage of some commercial polychlorinated biphenyl products were identified as the major sources. The emission from a former steel plant could be the main contributor to polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas. The mean value of the total toxic equivalent quantities in the sediment samples exceeded the Canadian interim sediment quality guidelines. Long-term wastewater irrigation increases the load of sediment-bound pollutants in agricultural soil and may pose potential ecological risks to crops and human health.
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Egorova, Darya O. „Polychlorinated biphenyls as a cause of ecological problems and development of remediation technologies based on biological agents“. Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature 9, Nr. 2 (2023): 68–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2023-2-68-88.

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The review presents an analysis of currently pressing problems associated with environmental pollution by polychlorinated biphenyls – compounds included in the list of Persistent Organic Pollutants under the international con-vention. The structural features of the polychlorinated biphenyl molecule and their interaction with the environment and living organisms are shown. The main attention is paid to aerobic bacteria, one of the main components of soil microbi-ocenosis. It was shown that long-term exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls led to the preferential selection in contaminated microbiocenosis of bacteria capable of using polychlorinated biphenyls as a source of carbon and energy. The most active strains served as the basis for biotechnological preparations aimed at removing PCBs from the environment.
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Şişman, T., F. Geyikoğlu und M. Atamanalp. „Early life-stage toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) following embryonal exposure to selected polychlorinated biphenyls“. Toxicology and Industrial Health 23, Nr. 9 (Oktober 2007): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233708089042.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls are a widespread aquatic contaminant. In this article, specific polychlorinated biphenyl congeners were examined for embryo and early life-stage toxicity in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). A set of three polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 126, mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 28 and di-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 153) were tested. The typical lesions observed were yolk sac edema, vertebra defect, craniofacial malformations (double head, triple retina), anaxial body and inhibition of swim bladder inflation. Moreover, embryo and larval mortality increased and hatching success decreased. The severity of abnormalities and mortalities were concentration- and congener-dependent. Of the compounds tested, polychlorinated biphenyl congener 126 was found to be highly toxic to the fish embryos following exposure. The Lethal Concentration 50 values for polychlorinated biphenyl 28, polychlorinated biphenyl 126, polychlorinated biphenyl 153 calculated by probit analysis were 3.270, 1.298 and 5.375 ppm, respectively. The inhibition of swim bladder inflation was the most sensitive endpoint measured, and it is suggested that the inhibition of swim bladder inflation may be mediated by mechanism with an aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation.
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Layton, A. C., M. Muccini, M. M. Ghosh und G. S. Sayler. „Construction of a Bioluminescent Reporter Strain To Detect Polychlorinated Biphenyls“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, Nr. 12 (01.12.1998): 5023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.12.5023-5026.1998.

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ABSTRACT A bioluminescent reporter strain, Ralstonia eutrophaENV307(pUTK60), was constructed for the detection of polychlorinated biphenyls by inserting the biphenyl promoter upstream of the bioluminescence genes. In the presence of a nonionic surfactant, which enhances the solubility of chlorinated biphenyls, bioluminescence was induced three- to fourfold over background by biphenyl, monochlorinated biphenyls, and Aroclor 1242. The minimum detection limits for these compounds ranged from 0.15 mg/liter for 4-chlorobiphenyl to 1.5 mg/liter for Aroclor 1242.
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Ryzhenko, N. O., O. I. Bondar, V. V. Chetverykov und Y. O. Fedorenko. „Polychlorinated biphenyls: Hazardous properties and environmentally sound management in Ukraine“. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 11, Nr. 1 (04.03.2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022005.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls are one of the most dangerous compounds for human health and the environment and are included to Annex C of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Since Ukraine joined the Stockholm Convention in 2007, the National Implementation Plan of the Stockholm Convention provides the environmentally sound disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls, as well as creation of a monitoring system and sharing information about toxicants. Polychlorinated biphenyls’ have fire resistance, low volatility and stability. Therefore, these substances have been widely used in industry, but on the other hand, they are a problem for the environment. The main hazardous properties of polychlorinated biphenyls are bioaccumulation, stability in the environment, the possibility of formation in accidents (especially in fires) of extremely persistent and toxic aromatic compounds, such as dioxins and furans. Toxic responses to polychlorinated biphenyls are: acute lethality; body weight loss; carcinogenesis; dermal toxi­city; fatty liver; genotoxicity; hepatomegaly; immunosuppressive effects; neurotoxicity; porphyria; reproductive and developmental toxicity; thymic atrophy; thyroid hormone-level alterations. The most likely risks of polychlorinated biphenyls contamination in Ukraine are in the areas of operation, repair or storage of electrical equipment. According to quantity, the leading regions for accumulated polychlorinated biphenyls in Ukraine, are Dnipropetrovsk (459 tons), Volyn (280 tons) and Kyiv regions (255 tons). A comprehensive approach to reducing the risk of polychlorinated biphenyls for human health and the environment involves the improvement of the regulatory framework for managing in all stages of “life cycle”. Obtaining complete and accurate information on the volumes and forms of polychlorinated biphenyls accumulation and creation of modern effective technological support for polychlorinated biphenyls’ degradation are a necessary part of environmentally sound management of polychlorinated biphenyls in Ukraine. The “Polychlorinated Biphenyls Database in Ukraine” information system (2017) was created as a National Polychlorinated Biphenyls Registry in Ukraine. It was designed to systematize, structure, and analyze the large amount of information collected during the inventorising of polychlorinated biphenyls. The best technology of polychlorinated biphenyls degradation must not only provides a high degree of polychlorinated biphenyls’ destruction, but also not lead to the formation of new toxic compounds.
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A Shaltout, Fahim. „The Effects of the Environmental Pollutions on the Human Food and Public Health“. Open Access Journal of Frailty Science 2, Nr. 1 (2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajfs-16000104.

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The environmental pollution Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, the polychlorinated dibenzofurans PCDD/F and the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) contamination in the food from the animal origin were caused by the industrially produced feed from the free range chicken, sheep, and beef. To elucidate the entry of the the environmental pollution polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans PCDD/Fs in the food related to the environmental contamination. The food products from the farm animals are sensitive to the environmental pollution dioxin/ polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) exposure, the suckling calves and the laying hens housed outdoor at the soil concentrations that have previously been considered as safe. In the beef/veal when the soil is contaminated. The eggs/ the broiler, this can occur. The eggs consumer's especially the young children can easily exceed the health-based guidance values, the tolerable daily intake. The soil, the chicken eggs exposure pathway is probably the most sensitive route for the human exposure to both the environmental pollution dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and the PCDD/Fs from the soil and needs to be considered for the soil guidelines. The calves from the suckler cow herds are the most prone to the impacts of the dlPCB contamination due to the excretion/accumulation via the milk. The environmental pollution polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) (and the PCDD/F) intake for the free-range cattle stems from the feed and the soil. The sources for the PCDD/Fs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) relevant to the environmental contamination in polychlorinated biphenyls respect to the food safety. It also includes the considerations on the assessment of the emerging persistent organic pollutants. The major sources of the environmental pollution PCDD/F and the dl-PCB contamination of the food of the animal origin are the soils contaminated from the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and the PCDD/F releases; the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) emitted from the buildings and the constructions; the environmental pollution polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) present at the farms. The impacted areas need to be assessed with the respect to the potential contamination of the food producing animals. The livestock management techniques can reduce the exposure to the environmental pollution PCDD/Fs and the environmental pollution polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The control and the reduction measures are recommended for the emission sources and the new listed and the emerging persistent organic pollutants to ensure the food safety.
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Faroon, Obaid, und Patricia Ruiz. „Polychlorinated biphenyls“. Toxicology and Industrial Health 32, Nr. 11 (10.07.2016): 1825–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233715587849.

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MAMMADLI RASHAD SHOHRAT OGLI, MAMMADLI RASHAD SHOHRAT OGLI. „OPTIMIZATION OF REMEDIATION OF WATER AND AIR MEDIUM CONTAMINATED WITH POLYCHLOROBIPHENYL“. Prirodoobustrojstvo, Nr. 4 (2021): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-4-106-109.

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The article is devoted to measures for the purification of water and air medium from polychlorinated biphenyl wastes by the method of UV radiation and NiO2 nanoparticles, on PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyl) constituting groundwater in PCB waste disposal areas, the possibility of neutralizing PCBs in the atmosphere in industrialized areas. A method for the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl contained in waste and industrial waters, as well as in atmospheric air, has been proposed. Air purification is carried out with ultraviolet and microwave radiation, and ultraviolet radiation and TiO2 nanoparticles are used for water purification. Based on the analysis performed,the problem of optimizing the purification of groundwater and atmospheric air contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls has been formulated and solved. An expression is proposed for the dependence of the cleaning time on the distance to the place of initial environmental pollution.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Polychlorinated biphenyls"

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Beebe, Alexandrea. „Phytoremediation of airborne polychlorinated biphenyls“. Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1123.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contaminate every compartment of the environment including sediments, water, and air. Although their production has ceased, PCBs continue to contaminate the environment. The properties that make PCBs useful in industrial applications are the same properties that cause them to persistent in the environment. Phytoremediation has been proposed as an in situ treatment option for the remediation of these contaminants. Phytoremediation is the use of green plants to mitigate environmental pollution without excavation or treatment of the contaminated material. Hybrid poplar trees may be a feasible treatment candidate for scavenging airborne PCBs from nearby sources. PCBs are scavenged onto the leaves where a majority of the mass remains.
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Bozacıoğlu, Sevde Seza Sofuoğlu Aysun. „Air Monitoring of Polychlorinated Bibhenyls in Ambient Air of Suburban Area in İzmir, Turkey/“. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/cevremuh/T000440.doc.

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Demirtepe, Hale. „Modeling Anaerobic Dechlorination Of Polychlorinated Biphenyls“. Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614079/index.pdf.

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This study aims to investigate the fate of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments via using an anaerobic dechlorination model (ADM). PCBs are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, accumulated mostly in aquatic sediments. Significant attention was placed on the anaerobic dechlorination of PCBs since this process leads to the conversion of highly-chlorinated biphenyls to lower chlorinated ones, resulting in less toxic and more biodegradable congeners. An ADM was developed previously for the identification and quantification of anaerobic dechlorination pathways. In the present study, this model was improved and applied to laboratory and environmental sediment PCB data from Baltimore Harbor (BH), Maryland, USA, where PCB contamination has been recorded. The laboratory PCB data was from a 500 day microcosm study conducted with BH sediments which was used to validate the model, as well as to gather information on dominant dechlorination pathways affecting the sediments. ADM predicted the laboratory PCB data almost perfectly and subsequently very well predicted the environmental sediment PCB profiles. A complete identification and quantification of the anaerobic dechlorination pathways occurring in the BH sediments is achieved with this study for the first time. The significant similarity between the sediment sample PCB profiles and the model predicted profiles reveals that the BH sediments have undergone anaerobic dechlorination via a combination of previously identified dechlorination activities (N, P, M) with selective pathways. Model findings are consistent with microbial analysis of the sediments. Better understanding of anaerobic dechlorination mechanisms should aid in predicting natural attenuation of PCBs or developing bioremediation strategies for contaminated sites.
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Soyibo, Adeola Adewunmi. „Human dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430474.

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Eastling, Paul Michael. „Polychlorinated biphenyls in Cedar Rapids soil“. Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/492.

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Extreme flooding of rivers may contribute to increased loading of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to the Great Lakes, the Mississippi river, and other large lakes and surface waters downstream of industrial and urban areas. This study examines the fate of POPs that were mobilized during heavy flooding of the Cedar River and the small urban city of Cedar Rapids, Iowa during the summer of 2008. This study focuses polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). We hypothesize that these PCBs were mobilized by the flood water and that residues remained in the soils and sediments of the residential areas of the city. To test our hypothesis, soil samples were collected from ~200 of residential locations in the downtown Cedar Rapids area and analyzed for the three compound groups. Samples were extracted using an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE 300), and analyzed using GC/ECD, GC/MSD and GC/MS/MS.
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Subramanian, Srishty. „MOLECULAR METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE RESPONSE OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA PLANTS TO POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS AND HYDROXYLATED POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS“. Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/535049.

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Environmental Engineering
Ph.D.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of persistent organic contaminants that are ubiquitous and persistent in the environment. In the environment, PCBs have been shown to undergo various degradation processes and generate hydroxylated metabolites known as hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs). There is a growing scientific interest in studying OH-PCBs as they are being increasingly detected in biotic and abiotic samples. Due to their widespread presence in the air, water, and soil, as well as their ability to bioaccumulate in living organisms, they pose a high danger to human beings and thus need to be remediated. Though phytoremediation has been proposed as a useful technology for the environmental management of PCBs, there is a lack of information about potential phytoremediation of OH-PCBs The hypothesis underlying this study is that hydroxylation of PCBs to OH-PCBs results in different toxicity and physiological effects on plants. In order to test this hypothesis, we conducted experiments aimed at understanding the toxicity and metabolism of PCBs and OH-PCBs by A. thaliana plants at physiological and transcriptomic levels. The applicability of FTIR to analyze lignin and cellulose content in the cell wall was tested for the purpose of biofuel production. More precisely, the specific aims of this study are as follows: 1. To determine the toxicity of selected PCBs and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) toward the model plant A. thaliana. 2. To understand the regulation of the response to and metabolism of PCBs and OH-PCBs in exposed A. thaliana at the transcriptomic level. 3. To determine the change in the biomass composition of A. thaliana upon exposure to different PCBs and OH-PCBs. Toxicity results indicated no observable toxicity of the parent PCBs toward the plants. However, lower chlorinated OH-PCBs resulted in a significant reduction in the growth and germination rate of the plants. Genome wide expression microarrays were used to investigate the transcriptional response of A. thaliana plants to 2,5-DCB and three of its OH-metabolites. Exposure to 2,5-DCB caused up-regulation of genes that are involved in toxic stress response and detoxification functions, and induction of multiple xenobiotic response genes. FTIR analysis was used to determine the effects of different PCBs and their hydroxylated metabolites on the composition of the plant biomass. Significant changes in the lignin and cellulose content were observed between different treatments, which indicated an overall effect on the cell wall components upon exposure to PCBs and its OH metabolites.
Temple University--Theses
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Geng, Shen. „INVESTIGATION OF THE TOXICITY AND EFFLUX OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS AND HYDROXYLATED POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI“. UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/133.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants. Due to their properties, PCBs accumulate in the food-chain and post a threat to the health of human beings and wildlife. Hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) are oxidative metabolites of PCBs and are more hydrophilic than their parent PCBs. One of the best approaches to break down these contaminants is through bioremediation, which is an environmental friendly process that uses microorganisms to restore natural environment. Towards this goal, we have investigated the toxicity and accumulation of PCBs and OH-PCBs in a Gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli. We have also determined the role played by a primary multidrug efflux transporter AcrB on the accumulation of PCBs and OH-PCBs in bacterial cell. We found that one of the PCBs tested was toxic to E. coli, while different OH-PCBs have different levels of toxicity; the acrB knockout strain accumulated significantly more PCBs and OH-PCBs than the wild-type strain, suggesting that these compounds are substrates of the efflux pump; higher cytoplasmic concentrations of OH-PCBs were also observed in the acrB knockout strain using the biosensors. Based on these observations, we conclude that both PCBs and OH-PCBs are substrates of protein AcrB. Therefore the efflux activities of multidrug resistant pumps in Gram-negative bacteria should be considered while designing bioremediation approaches.
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Kaya, Devrim. „Attenuation Of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Under Anaerobic Conditions“. Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614933/index.pdf.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic and persistent anthropogenic contaminants. Concern on their adverse health effects has led to their regulation in air, water and/or soil in addition to sludge. Hence, removal of PCBs in various matrices, including transformer oils (TO) is a priority. This study aims to investigate PCB-118 and Aroclor 1254 toxicity and dechlorination by varying certain critical experimental components including electron donor (sludge or fatty acids), inocula (unacclimated or acclimated culture) and the doses of PCB and TO under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic toxicity assays (ATA) reactors, lab-scale anaerobic batch digesters and sediment microcosms were used for this purpose. Increase in PCB-118 and TO doses affected anaerobic digester performance by negatively influencing methanogenesis, while favoring dechlorination only with the increase in PCB-118 dose. Up to 22% PCB-118 removal was attained with unacclimated culture. Studies with acclimated cultures showed Grasse River (GR) sediment to be the most active when compared to Fox River and Baltimore Harbor sediments. In GR sediment microcosms, PCB-118 and Aroclor 1254 removal efficiencies decreased when TO was present (1%), while 10% TO inhibited PCB dechlorination. Waste activated sludge was shown to be an effective electron donor, similar to fatty acids. Aroclor 1254 dechlorination was dechlorinated through removal of flanked meta and para chlorines, however, dechlorination pathways appeared to differ according to the presence/absence of TO. No ortho or unflanked chlorines were removed. Molecular tools (qPCR and DHPLC) were used to confirm the presence of active PCB dechlorinators. Dechlorination of PCBs was shown to be growth-linked.
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Phillips, Lyndal, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College und of Science Food and Horticulture School. „Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in transformer oils“. THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Phillips_L.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/766.

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Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) were seen as a significant engineering advance when first commercially produced in 1929. They were used as insulators and cooling fluids in electrical transformers and capacitors. There are 209 PCB congenors that are chemically and thermally stable with low inflammability and reactivity. However,they are also highly toxic, suspected carcinogens and bioaccumulate in the food chain. Due to these characteristics they are listed by the United Nations as one of the sixteen worlds persistent organic pollutants POPs). By international agreement, undertaken by the UN, the production of PCBs has been banned and gradually their use will be phased out. Several tests and procedures are discussed in some detail in this research.
Master of Science (Hons)
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París, Pombo Alicia. „Assessment of dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37974.pdf.

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Bücher zum Thema "Polychlorinated biphenyls"

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United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Division of Toxicology. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS). Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 2000.

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Massachusetts. Division of Occupational Hygiene. Substance: Polychlorinated biphenyls. West Newton, [Mass.]: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Dept. of Labor and Industries, Division of Occupational Hygiene, 1986.

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Canada. Commercial Chemicals Evaluation Branch. Polychlorinated biphenyls: Scientific justification. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada, 1997.

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Cowles, James L. Polychlorinated biphenyls in Puget Sound. Bellingham, Wash: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 1991.

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Obaid, Faroon, United Nations Environment Programme, International Labour Organisation, Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals. und World Health Organization, Hrsg. Polychlorinated biphenyls: Human health aspects. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003.

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United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. und Research Triangle Institute, Hrsg. Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls. [Atlanta, GA]: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1997.

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United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry., United States. Environmental Protection Agency. und Syracuse Research Corporation, Hrsg. Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls. [Atlanta, GA]: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1993.

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Wabeke, Roger L. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) toxicity. Herausgegeben von Weinstein Richard MD, Letz Gideon, United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry und DeLima Associates. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1990.

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Corporation, Syracuse Research, und United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry., Hrsg. Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). [Atlanta, Ga.]: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2000.

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Cox, E. A. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in UKsoils. [London]: HMSO, 1995.

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Mehr Quellen

Buchteile zum Thema "Polychlorinated biphenyls"

1

Patnaik, Pradyot. „Polychlorinated Biphenyls“. In Handbook of Environmental Analysis, 289–92. Third edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315151946-52.

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Webster, G. R. B., und D. A. Birkholz. „Polychlorinated Biphenyls“. In Mass Spectrometry in Environmental Sciences, 209–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2361-7_11.

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Allegri, Theodore H. „Polychlorinated Biphenyls-PCB’s“. In Handling and Management of Hazardous Materials and Waste, 171–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1959-7_10.

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Stringer, Ruth, und Paul Johnston. „PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)“. In Chlorine and the Environment, 277–304. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9813-2_11.

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Kumari, Kanchan, und Senerita Swamy. „Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)“. In Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies, 125–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50996-4_10.

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Beller, H. R., und B. R. T. Simoneit. „Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Hydrocarbons“. In ACS Symposium Series, 198–214. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0305.ch012.

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Nair, Soumya, und Jayanthi Abraham. „Biodegradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls“. In Microorganisms for Sustainability, 263–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7462-3_13.

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Seegal, Richard F., und William Shain. „Neurotoxicity of Polychlorinated Biphenyls“. In The Vulnerable Brain and Environmental Risks, 169–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3330-6_10.

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Hansen, L. G. „Environmental Toxicology of Polychlorinated Biphenyls“. In Environmental Toxin Series, 15–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70550-2_2.

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Mackova, Martina, Ondrej Uhlik, Petra Lovecka, Jitka Viktorova, Martina Novakova, Katerina Demnerova, Michel Sylvestre und Tomas Macek. „Bacterial Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls“. In Geomicrobiology: Molecular and Environmental Perspective, 347–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9204-5_16.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Polychlorinated biphenyls"

1

Kuncova, Gabriela, Daniela Berkova, Jiri Burkhard, Katerina Demnerova, Jarmila Pazlarova, Jan Triska und Nadezda Vrchotova. „Optical detection of polychlorinated biphenyls“. In Photonics East '99, herausgegeben von Tuan Vo-Dinh und Robert L. Spellicy. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.372879.

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Sandu, Mirela-Alina. „POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBS) - HUMAN HEALTH ASPECTS“. In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b51/s20.085.

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Doctor, Ninad, Larry Yang und Yu Yang. „Polychlorinated biphenyls degradation in subcritical water“. In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL MATERIALS AND PROCESS (ICCMP 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5000470.

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Chen, Tao, Chengxun Sun und Weiwei Chen. „Tween80-enhanced phytoremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls-contaminated soil“. In The 3rd International Conference on Application of Materials Science and Environmental Materials (AMSEM2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813141124_0031.

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Stancheva, Mona, Mona Stancheva, Stanislava Georgieva, Stanislava Georgieva, Zlatina Peteva, Zlatina Peteva, Lubomir Makedonski und Lubomir Makedonski. „POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN EDIBLE FISH FROM BLACK SEA, BULGARIA“. In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93b39d6a08.20094934.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can still be a problem for the aquatic environment. Fish species are a suitable indicator for the environmental pollution monitoring because they concentrate pollutants in their tissues directly from water. Concentrations of PCBs were measured in marine fish, collected from Bulgarian Black Sea coast in order to monitor the dynamics of these pollutants in 2007, 2010 and 2015. The fish species: goby (Neogobius melanostomus), sprat (Sprattus sprattus sulinus), horse mackerel (Trachurus Mediterraneus ponticus) and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) were chosen because of their characteristic feeding behavior. The PCBs were determined by gas chromatography system with mass spectrometry detection. The Total PCBs ranged from 93.8 to 513.3 ng/g lipid weight (in grey mullet and goby, respectively). Levels of PCBs in goby and grey mullet decreased in 2010 and 2015. In order to assess the safety of fish as food were calculated TEQ. They are determined by the results of dioxin - like (dl) PCBs. TEQs were calculated from 0.01 to 0.04 pg TEQ/g ww and did not exceed the EC limit of 3 pg TEQ/g ww. The levels of PCBs in fish from Bulgarian Black Sea were comparable to those found in neighboring seas.
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Stancheva, Mona, Mona Stancheva, Stanislava Georgieva, Stanislava Georgieva, Zlatina Peteva, Zlatina Peteva, Lubomir Makedonski und Lubomir Makedonski. „POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN EDIBLE FISH FROM BLACK SEA, BULGARIA“. In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315bdce00.

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Annotation:
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can still be a problem for the aquatic environment. Fish species are a suitable indicator for the environmental pollution monitoring because they concentrate pollutants in their tissues directly from water. Concentrations of PCBs were measured in marine fish, collected from Bulgarian Black Sea coast in order to monitor the dynamics of these pollutants in 2007, 2010 and 2015. The fish species: goby (Neogobius melanostomus), sprat (Sprattus sprattus sulinus), horse mackerel (Trachurus Mediterraneus ponticus) and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) were chosen because of their characteristic feeding behavior. The PCBs were determined by gas chromatography system with mass spectrometry detection. The Total PCBs ranged from 93.8 to 513.3 ng/g lipid weight (in grey mullet and goby, respectively). Levels of PCBs in goby and grey mullet decreased in 2010 and 2015. In order to assess the safety of fish as food were calculated TEQ. They are determined by the results of dioxin - like (dl) PCBs. TEQs were calculated from 0.01 to 0.04 pg TEQ/g ww and did not exceed the EC limit of 3 pg TEQ/g ww. The levels of PCBs in fish from Bulgarian Black Sea were comparable to those found in neighboring seas.
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Ellsworth, DL, D. Gillard, B. Love, RE Ellsworth, B. Deyarmin, JA Hooke, PJ Kostyniak und CD Shriver. „Abundance and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in breast tissue.“ In CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2008 Abstracts. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-5039.

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Yu, Yingxin, Shuyuan Han, Junling Li, Dongping Zhang, Minghong Wu, Guoying Sheng und Jiamo Fu. „Factors Affecting the Bioaccessibility of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Using In Vitro Test“. In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162846.

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Zhang, Qing, und Xitao Liu. „A microwave-induced hydrothermal reaction for the dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls“. In 2011 International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmt.2011.6003318.

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Du Wan Cho und Jongseol Kim. „Microbial dechlorination of low concentration polychlorinated biphenyls as affected by rhamnolipid biosurfactant“. In 2007 International Forum on Strategic Technology. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2007.4798578.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Polychlorinated biphenyls"

1

Barkenbus, B., T. Puett und C. Sigmon. PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) annual report for Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1986. [Polychlorinated biphenyls]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juli 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6168902.

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Baechler, M. C., L. O. Foley und R. E. Jarnagin. Polychlorinated biphenyls in commercial buildings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6488954.

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Fisher-Smith, G., und K. Friesen. Sampling polychlorinated biphenyls in Lake Winnipeg. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207520.

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West, O. R., L. Liang und W. L. Holden. Degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using palladized iron. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juni 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/366502.

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Dickerson, K. S., und N. E. Korte. Polychlorinated biphenyls and their interaction with the environment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10150100.

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PRIGNANO, A. L. Toxic substances control act polychlorinated biphenyls Hanford site users guide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/811838.

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Sowers, Kevin R., Harold D. May und Tormod Briseid. Reductive Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS) in Marine Harbor Sediments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Mai 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408168.

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PRIGNANO, A. L. Toxic Substances Control Act Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) Hanford Site Users Guide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808557.

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Ross, G. A. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) analysis report for solid sample from 219S tank 104. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10148859.

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Diaz, L. A. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) analysis report for solid sample from 219S tank 101. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Februar 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10154087.

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