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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Poly ionic resins“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Poly ionic resins"
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Kartika, Siska Ela, und Muhammad Bachri Amran. „Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Poly (Anthranilic Acid-Co-Formaldehyde) untuk Adsorpsi Ion Pb(II)“. ALCHEMY 9, Nr. 1 (30.03.2021): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/al.v9i1.11476.
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Besides having a positive impact, rapid industrial development also gives a negative impact in the form of industrial waste causing environmental pollution. Lead is one of the heavy metal ions that become a primary indicator of pollution according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The determination of lead directly in environmental samples is often difficult because of the very low concentration of metal ions and the matrix interferences. Therefore, preconcentration techniques that can simplify the matrix are required. Ionic exchange resins, functionalized chelating resins, and ion imprinted polymers are mostly used to preconcentrate the trace elements. Poly (anthranilic acid-co-formaldehyde) is polymer synthesized by mixing anthranilic acid, formaldehyde, and HCl. The poly (anthranilic acid-co-formaldehyde) was characterized by FTIR and SEM analysis. Characterization results indicate that polymerization reaction has been formed indicated by the vibration of the CH2 bridge. Poly (anthranilic acid-co-formaldehyde) has a relatively smooth surface with pores. The batch method was applied. The maximum adsorption for Pb(II) ions was 16.37 mg/g at pH 5 with a contact time of 10 minutes. Keywords: poly (anthranilic acid-co-formaldehyde), adsorption, lead Selain memberikan dampak positif, perkembangan industri yang pesat juga dapat memberikan dampak negatif berupa limbah industri penyebab pencemaran lingkungan. Timbal merupakan salah satu ion logam berat yang menjadi indikator primer pencemaran menurut United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Penentuan konsentrasi timbal secara langsung dalam sampel lingkungan seringkali sulit dilakukan karena terdapat pada konsentrasi renik dengan matriks yang rumit. Oleh karena itu, teknik prakonsentrasi yang dapat menyederhanakan matriks sangat diperlukan. Resin penukar ion, resin pengkhelat, dan ion imprinted polymers banyak digunakan untuk prakonsentrasi unsur renik. Poly (anthranilic acid-co-formaldehyde) merupakan polimer yang disintesis dengan cara mencampurkan asam anthranilat, formaldehida, dan HCl. Karakterisasi poly (anthranilic acid-co-formaldehyde) telah dilakukan menggunakan FTIR dan SEM. Hasil karakterisasi mengindikasikan bahwa reaksi polimerisasi telah terbentuk yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya vibrasi CH2 bridge. Poly (anthranilic acid-co-formaldehyde) memiliki morfologi permukaan yang relatif halus dan berpori. Metode yang digunakan untuk mempelajari kemampuan adsorpsi adalah metode batch. Kapasitas adsorpsi poly (anthranilic acid-co-formaldehyde) terhadap ion Pb(II) adalah 16,37 mg/g pada pH 5 dengan waktu kontak 10 menit. Kata kunci: poly (anthranilic acid-co-formaldehyde), adsorpsi, timbal
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Saha, Anushree, Manas Kanti Deb, Mithlesh Mahilang und Shubhra Sinha. „Intriguing Clinical and Pharmaceutical Applications of IERs: A Mini Review“. Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B) 33, Nr. 1 (04.07.2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2020-33-1-7.
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Ion exchange resins (IERs) are solid poly-electrolytes which have both sorption and exchange capacity of several organic compounds. They have the power to separate ionic and non-ionic substances with the surrounding medium. The drug materials or substances are adsorbed on resin, which is commonly known as resinate, these features of IERs have useful applications in pharmaceutical formation (i.e., taste masking, stability and solubility enhancement, etc.) and major applications in drug delivery (i.e., oral, nasal, ophthalmic, transdarmal drug delivery). IE principles have been exploited in the investigation of numerous drug industry problems for many years. Synthetic IERs have been extensively employed in pharmacy and medicine, especially for taste masking or controlled release of drugs and have been expansively studied in the development of novel drug delivery systems and other biomedical applications. In this review, the fascinating IERs involving ion exchange processes in pharmaceutical and clinical applications and also their recent advanced uses have been discussed.
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Orduna, Lidia, Iker Razquin, Itziar Otaegi, Nora Aranburu und Gonzalo Guerrica-Echevarría. „Ionic Liquid-Cured Epoxy/PCL Blends with Improved Toughness and Adhesive Properties“. Polymers 14, Nr. 13 (30.06.2022): 2679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132679.
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In this work, ionic liquid (IL)-cured epoxy resins were modified by adding poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Three different ILs were used in order to study how (a) the chemical structure of the ILs and (b) the PCL content affect the phase behaviour, microstructure, mechanical and adhesive properties. Regardless of the IL used or the PCL content, the obtained materials showed a single phase. The addition of PCL to the epoxy resin resulted in plasticizing of the network blends, lower glass transition temperatures (Tg), and crosslinking densities (νe). Low PCL contents did not have a significant impact on the mechanical properties. However, the adhesive properties improved significantly at low PCL contents. Higher PCL contents led to a significant increase in toughness, especially in the case of the imidazolium-based IL. The balance achieved between the mechanical and adhesive properties of these IL-cured epoxy/PCL blends constitutes an important step towards sustainability. This is because a biodegradable polymer (PCL) was used to substitute part of the epoxy resin, and the ILs—which are non-volatile and cure effectively at much lower contents—were used instead of conventional curing agents. Given the wide use of this kind of materials in the adhesive industry, the practical significance of these results must be emphasised.
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Pothanagandhi, Nellepalli, und Kari Vijayakrishna. „RAFT derived chiral and achiral poly(ionic liquids) resins: Synthesis and application in organocatalysis“. European Polymer Journal 95 (Oktober 2017): 785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.08.002.
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Orduna, Lidia, Itziar Otaegi, Nora Aranburu und Gonzalo Guerrica-Echevarría. „Effect of the Simultaneous Addition of Polycaprolactone and Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical, Electrical, and Adhesive Properties of Epoxy Resins Cured with Ionic Liquids“. Polymers 15, Nr. 7 (23.03.2023): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15071607.
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Electrically-conductive epoxy nanocomposites (NCs) with improved mechanical and adhesive properties were achieved through the combined addition of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Three different ionic liquids (ILs) were used as dual role agents, i.e., as both curing and dispersing agents. Regardless of the IL used, the epoxy/PCL matrix of the NCs showed a single-phase behaviour and similar glass transition (Tg) and crosslinking density (νe) values to the unfilled epoxy/PCL/IL systems. Although the CNTs were more poorly dispersed in the epoxy/PCL/CNT/IL NCs than in the reference epoxy/CNT/IL NCs, which led to slightly lower electrical conductivity values, the epoxy/PCL/CNT/IL NCs were still semiconductive. Their low-strain mechanical properties (i.e., flexural modulus and flexural strength) were similar or better than those of the reference epoxy/IL systems and their high-strain mechanical properties (i.e., deformation at break and impact strength) were significantly better. In addition, the positive effects of the PCL and the CNTs on the adhesive properties of the epoxy/IL system were combined. The substitution of ILs for traditional amine-based curing agents and biodegradable PCL for part of the epoxy resin represents an important advance on the road towards greater sustainability.
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Charyton, Martyna, Francesco Deboli, Peter Fischer, Gerard Henrion, Mathieu Etienne und Mateusz L. Donten. „Composite Anion Exchange Membranes Fabricated by Coating and UV Crosslinking of Low-Cost Precursors Tested in a Redox Flow Battery“. Polymers 13, Nr. 15 (21.07.2021): 2396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152396.
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This paper presents a novel, cost-effective approach to the fabrication of composite anion exchange membranes (AEMs). Hierarchical AEMs have been fabricated by coating a porous substrate with an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) layer where poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) is immobilized in a crosslinked matrix. The IPN matrix was formed by UV initiated radical crosslinking of a mixture of acrylamide-based monomers and acrylic resins. The fabricated membranes have been compared with a commercial material (Fumatech FAP 450) in terms of ionic transport properties and performance in a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). Measures of area-specific resistance (ASR) and vanadium permeability for the proposed membranes demonstrated properties approaching the commercial benchmark. These properties could be tuned by changing the content of PVP in the IPN coating. Higher PVP/matrix ratios facilitate a higher water uptake of the coating layer and thus lower ASR (as low as 0.58 Ω.cm2). On the contrary, lower PVP/matrix ratios allow to reduce the water uptake of the coating and hence decrease the vanadium permeability at the cost of a higher ASR (as high as 1.99 Ω.cm2). In VRFB testing the hierarchical membranes enabled to reach energy efficiency comparable with the commercial AEM (PVP_14—74.7%, FAP 450—72.7% at 80 mA.cm−2).
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Tenhaeff, Wyatt. „(Invited) Multifunctional Lithium Ion Battery Separators through Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, Nr. 1 (09.10.2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02128mtgabs.
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In state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries, separators (microporous membranes) play a passive yet critical role – hosting liquid electrolyte and maintaining physical separation of the electrodes. However, as the demands on lithium ion batteries increase, with an emphasis on greater energy density, longevity (cycle/calendar life), and safety, engineering separators to take a on more active role in the cell (electro)chemistry is expected to be an important strategy. Myriad membrane materials and separator designs have been developed to impart additional functionality, for example, acid and/or transition metal scavenging, temperature responsiveness, enhanced thermal stability, increased ion dissociation, combustion suppression, and mechanical strength. In this talk, I will preset my group’s approach to additive manufacturing of next-generation lithium ion battery separators. Our approach is based on polymerization induced phase separation (PIPS), wherein polymerizable monomers (or prepolymer resins) are mixed with porogen. Through rapid, low-cost, readily scalable photopolymerization, the monomers are converted to a crosslinked polymer network, which results in the porogen becoming immiscible and phase separating through spinodal decomposition. By tuning the thermodynamics of the polymer-porogen mixture and photopolymerization kinetics, the porosity and pore size of the resulting polymeric phase can be tuned. We have shown that ethylene carbonate (EC) mixed with common acrylate monomers, such as 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, is an effective porogen. Most importantly because EC is an indispensable component in liquid electrolytes, it does not need to be extracted from the separator prior to incorporation into the electrochemical cell. By controlling the ratio of the 1,4-butanediol diacrylate (BDDA) monomer to EC, monolithic microporous membranes are readily prepared with 25 µm thickness and pore sizes and porosities ranging from 6.8 to 22nm and 15.4% to 38.54%, respectively. The optimal poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate) (pBDDA) separator has a porosity of 38.5% and average pore size of 22 nm; uptakes 127% liquid electrolyte by mass, and has an ionic conductivity of 1.98 mS/cm, which is higher than that of Celgard 2500. Lithium ion battery half cells consisting of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 cathodes and pBDDA separators were shown to undergo reversible charge/discharge cycling with an average discharge capacity of 142 mAh/g and a capacity retention of 98.4% over 100 cycles - comparable to cells using state-of-the-art separators. Furthermore, the pBDDA separators were shown to be thermally stable to 400°C, lack low temperature thermal transitions that can compromise cell safety, and exhibits no thermal shrinkage up to 150°C. I will also discuss my group’s efforts to engineer separators with additional functionality to improve cell performance under abuse conditions.
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Pazur, Richard J., und T. Mengistu. „INFLUENCE OF THE CROSSLINK STRUCTURE ON THE ACTIVATION ENERGY CALCULATED UNDER THERMO-OXIDATIVE CONDITIONS“. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 91, Nr. 1 (01.01.2018): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct-17-83714.
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ABSTRACT A series of six carbon black reinforced brominated poly(isobutylene-co-isoprene) (BIIR) compounds has been developed varying only in cure system type: sulfur, sulfur donor, zinc oxide, peroxide, phenolic resin, and ionic. Compounds were aged from room temperature up to 115 °C, and hardness, mechanical properties, and network chain density were measured. Non-Arrhenius behavior was observed due to data curvature from 70 to 85 °C. The oxidation process was adequately described by assigning low (23–85 °C) and high (85–115 °C) temperature regimes. Heterogeneous aging due to diffusion limited oxygen (DLO) occurred for heat aging above 85 °C, and all measured responses except tensile strength were strongly affected, causing lower activation energies. The activation energy for the high temperature oxidation process is in the range of 107 to 133 kJ/mol in the following ascending order: zinc oxide, ionic, sulfur donor, sulfur, peroxide, and resin. The midpoint of the high temperature activation energies is of the same order as the BIIR and poly(isobutylene) elastomers. The low temperature activation energy is in the range of 55–60 kJ/mol and is likely due to a combination of oxidative chain scission (crosslink density loss) and crosslinking recombination (network building) reactions. Apart from the crosslink structure stability, the presence of unsaturation along the polymer chain after vulcanization affects the high temperature activation energy.
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Mendes, Adriano A., Larissa Freitas, Ana Karine F. de Carvalho, Pedro C. de Oliveira und Heizir F. de Castro. „Immobilization of a Commercial Lipase from Penicillium camembertii (Lipase G) by Different Strategies“. Enzyme Research 2011 (24.07.2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/967239.
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The objective of this work was to select the most suitable procedure to immobilize lipase from Penicillium camembertii (Lipase G). Different techniques and supports were evaluated, including physical adsorption on hydrophobic supports octyl-agarose, poly(hydroxybutyrate) and Amberlite resin XAD-4; ionic adsorption on the anionic exchange resin MANAE-agarose and covalent attachment on glyoxyl-agarose, MANAE-agarose cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, MANAE-agarose-glutaraldehyde, and epoxy-silica-polyvinyl alcohol composite. Among the tested protocols, the highest hydrolytic activity (128.2 ± 8.10 IU·g−1 of support) was achieved when the lipase was immobilized on epoxy-SiO2-PVA using hexane as coupling medium. Lipase immobilized by ionic adsorption on MANAE-agarose also gave satisfactory result, attaining 55.6 ± 2.60 IU·g−1 of support. In this procedure, the maximum loading of immobilized enzyme was 9.3 mg·g−1 of gel, and the highest activity (68.8 ± 2.70 IU·g−1 of support) was obtained when 20 mg of protein·g−1 was offered. Immobilization carried out in aqueous medium by physical adsorption on hydrophobic supports and covalent attachment on MANAE-agarose-glutaraldehyde and glyoxyl-agarose was shown to be unfeasible for Lipase G. Thermal stability tests revealed that the immobilized derivative on epoxy-SiO2-PVA composite using hexane as coupling medium had a slight higher thermal stability than the free lipase.
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Wanghofer, Florian, Archim Wolfberger, Markus Wolfahrt und Sandra Schlögl. „Cross-Linking and Evaluation of the Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Epoxy Based Poly(ionic Liquid) Thermosets“. Polymers 13, Nr. 22 (12.11.2021): 3914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223914.
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Poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) and ionenes are polymers containing ionic groups in their repeating units. The unique properties of these polymers render them as interesting candidates for a variety of applications, such as gas separation membranes and polyelectrolytes. Due to the vast number of possible structures, numerous synthesis protocols to produce monomers with different functional groups for task-specific PILs are reported in literature. A difunctional epoxy-IL resin was synthesized and cured with multifunctional amine and anhydride hardeners and the thermal and thermomechanical properties of the networks were assessed via differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. By the selection of suitable hardeners, the glass transition onset temperature (Tg,onset) of the resulting networks was varied between 18 °C and 99 °C. Copolymerization of epoxy-IL with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) led to a further increase of the Tg,onset. The results demonstrate the potential of epoxy chemistry for tailorable PIL networks, where the hardener takes the place of the ligands without requiring an additional synthesis step and can be chosen from a broad range of commercially available compounds.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Poly ionic resins"
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Sengupta, Debasish. „Preparation, characterization of bimetalic nanoparticles soaked on poly -ionic resins and their ctalalytic applications“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2014. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/1827.
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Kundu, Sekhar. „Poly ionic resins supported reagents and catalysts : applications to c c & c heteroatom bond forming reactions“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1449.
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Li-HsuanChien und 簡莉軒. „Synthesis of Epoxy resin/Polyetherdiamine Membranes Blended with Silica or Poly(ionic liquid) for Lithium Ion Batteries“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uzb598.
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碩士國立成功大學
化學工程學系
102
The first part of this study is preparation of Silica/Epoxy resin crosslinked with Polyetherdiamine for the polymer electrolyte membrane. The particle size of silica ranged from 30 to 50 nm by TEM analysis. The surface characterization of membranes were obtained by SEM, and the result indicates that silica was dispersed uniformly. From the TGA and LOI analysis, the result indicates the membrane has great thermal stability and it has improved flame resistance and hindered combustion. The electrochemical window of the membrane is up to 5.35 V. The ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes ranged between 5.1~7.0×10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature, (2.54~2.93×10-3 S cm-1 at 80℃). For battery application, the capacities of the cell made of hybrid polymer electrolyte can be up to 153 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and 72 mAh g-1 at 5 C. The second part of this study is preparation of poly(ionic liquid)/Epoxy resin crosslinked with Polyetherdiamine for the polymer electrolyte membrane. Poly(ionic liquid) was characterized with FT-IR and 1H NMR analysis to confirm the chemical structure. From the surface characterization of membranes by SEM, the result shows that as the content of poly(ionic liquid) increased, the surface will become more wrinkled and winding. From the LOI analysis, the result indicates the membrane has great thermal stability with LOI = 24%. The hybrid polymer electrolyte has high electrochemical window up to 5.2 V, and its ionic conductivity increased increases when the content of poly(ionic liquid) increased. For battery application, the capacities of the cell made of hybrid polymer electrolyte can be up to 152 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and 78 mAh g-1 at 5 C. The advantageous properties of the polymer electrolyte membrane allow it to act as both an ionic conductor as well as a separator .