Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Poly(2-Acrylamido-2-Méthylpropane sulfonate de sodium)“

A family of novel sulfonate based homopolymers has been prepared by partially replacing sodium cations with different types of ionic liquid ammonium counter-cations, leading to an increased degree of decoupling of the conductivity from the glass transition of the ionomers.

The paper reports a facile synthesis of novel anionic spherical polymer brushes which was based on grafting sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate from the surface of 4,4′-Azobis (4-cyanopentanoyl chloride)-modified carbon spheres. Various characterization methods involving a scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and thermo-gravimetric analysis were utilized to analyze the morphology, chemical composition, bonding structure, and thermal stability, respectively. The molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity (Mw/Mn) of brushes were 616,000 g/mol and 1.72 determined by gel permeation chromatography experiments. Moreover, the dispersibility of ASPB in water and in the presence of aqueous NaCl solutions of different concentrations was investigated. Results show that the dispersibility of carbon spheres has been enhanced owing to grafted polyelectrolyte chains, while the zeta potential of the particle decreases and its brush layer shrinks upon exposure to sodium ions (Na+).

Carboxylated polymer can be used as an anti-scaling agent in circulating water cooling systems. Poly(acrylic acid) and homopolymer have some drawbacks such as slight solubility in water and low calcium tolerance leading difficulty to determine the remaining quantity of polymer in water. This research is mainly focused on synthesis and ability of poly(acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAA-PAMPS) for scale inhibition. These terpolymers varied in mole ratios of monomers were prepared via solution polymerization. The obtained polymers are then characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, TGA, turbidity, and UV-visible spectroscopy. For a scale inhibition test, GB/T 16632-2008 standard is applied. The scale inhibition efficiency for 100% was found in PAA-PAMPS copolymer (7:3). Afterwards this polymer was chosen for synthesizing an ultraviolet-tagged PAA-PAMPS-PNaSS terpolymer. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to monitor benzene sulfonate structure in sodium styrene sulfonate of the polymer chain at 224 nm.

Polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) are a novel type of material that is in high demand in health, energy and environmental sectors. If environmentally benign materials are created with biodegradable ones, PEMs can evolve into practical technology. In this work, we have fabricated environmentally safe and economic PEMs based on sulfonate grafted sodium alginate (SA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). In the first step, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and sodium 4-vinylbenzene sulfonate (SVBS) are grafted on to SA by utilizing the simple free radical polymerization technique. Graft copolymers (SA-g-AMPS and SA-g-SVBS) were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, XRD and DSC. In the second step, sulfonated SA was successfully blended with PVA to fabricate PEMs for the in vitro controlled release of 5-fluorouracil (anti-cancer drug) at pH 1.2 and 7.4 and to remove copper (II) ions from aqueous media. Moreover, phosphomolybdic acids (PMAs) incorporated with composite PEMs were developed to evaluate fuel cell characteristics, i.e., ion exchange capacity, oxidative stability, proton conductivity and methanol permeability. Fabricated PEMs are characterized by the FTIR, ATR-FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDAX. PMA was incorporated. PEMs demonstrated maximum encapsulation efficiency of 5FU, i.e., 78 ± 2.3%, and released the drug maximum in pH 7.4 buffer. The maximum Cu(II) removal was observed at 188.91 and 181.22 mg.g–1. PMA incorporated with PEMs exhibited significant proton conductivity (59.23 and 45.66 mS/cm) and low methanol permeability (2.19 and 2.04 × 10−6 cm2/s).

Le pétrole est à la base du développement de notre société moderne, offrant accès à une source d'énergie abondante, bon marché et facilement transportable. Il est utilisé aussi bien pour la production d'électricité que pour les transports et représente la première source de matières premières pour l'industrie chimique. La production de pétrole est généralement assurée par des réservoirs matures exploités par injection d'eau dans un but de maintien de pression ou de balayage du réservoir. Pour améliorer l'efficacité de balayage du réservoir par l'eau injectée, la technique d'injection de polymères hydrosolubles a été développée. L'addition de polymère augmente la viscosité de l'eau injectée du pétrole par un balayage plus efficace du réservoir. Il est ainsi possible d'augmenter la production de pétrole tout en diminuant l'emprunte carbone. Les principaux polymères utilisés pour cette application sont de la famille des polyacrylamides. L'optimisation du procédé requiert une connaissance précise des relations structures-propriétés des polymères utilisés afin de mieux appréhender leurs propriétés viscosifiantes et de transport en milieu poreux. L'objectif est de mettre en place des méthodes analytiques pour la détermination de la distribution en masse molaire et du taux de ramification des polymères étudiés afin de pouvoir corréler les résultats obtenus aux propriétés rhéologiques et au comportement en filtration de leurs solutions. C'est pourquoi, dans le cadre de la thèse, quatre volets (WP pour work packaging) sont abordés afin de répondre au mieux à cette problématique concernant sa structure. Le premier volet (WP1) consiste à caractériser les différents polymères industriels à travers différents outils analytiques qui sont la Chromatographie d'Exclusion Stérique (Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)) couplée à un détecteur de diffusion de lumière multi-angle (Multi-Angle Light Scattering (MALS)) pour la taille (masse molaire, Mw, et rayon de giration, Rg), et la rhéologie capillaire pour la viscosité intrinsèque et les courbes d'écoulement (rhéogramme). Ensuite, vient le second volet (WP2) qui a pour but d'étudier le taux de ramification des polymères. Pour ce faire, deux approches analytiques vont être utilisées. La première est la Py-GC/MS, la pyrolyse (Py) couplée à la Chromatographie en Phase Gazeuse (Gaz Chromatography (GC)) couplée elle aussi à la Spectrométrie de Masse (Mass Spectrometry (MS)) afin d'évaluer la microstructure du polymère. La deuxième partie de ce volet est la comparaison des paramètres structuraux (Mw, Rg et viscosité intrinsèque) obtenus par analyses SEC-MALS, diffusion de la lumière (MALS) et rhéologie capillaire. Un système de mélange continu automatique (Automatic Continuous Mixing (ACM)) couplé au rhéomètre capillaire et au MALS sera développé pour faire des analyses en ligne de viscosité intrinsèque et de masse molaire. Ce développement instrumental fait l'objet du troisième volet (WP3). Pour finir, le quatrième volet (WP4) consiste à étudier les propriétés des polymères pendant la filtration
The knowledge of the dimensional properties (Mw, Rg, and the distributions), the viscosimetric properties ([η]), as well as, the branching rate of polymers is primordial for the implementation of a satisfactory Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) via polymer flooding. The principal objective of this thesis was to develop analytical methods in order to determine the characteristics of an optimized macromolecule developed by the SNF company, the poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate) (P(ATBS)). Two categories of P(ATBS) were studied: the models and the industrials. The models of high molar masses (1-6 million g/mol) were synthetized by Controlled Radical Polymerization (CRP), for which the branching was controlled by the addition of a crosslinking agent. While the industrials of higher molar masses (8-19 million g/mol) were obtained by Radical Polymerization (RP), for which the branching could be induced by chain transfer reactions. The characterization of the dimensional/viscosimetric properties and the branching rate for both P(ATBS) categories was performed by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), Frit-Inlet Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (FIA4F), capillary viscometry and Multi-Angle Light Scattering (MALS). A correlation of the physico-chemical properties was done to understand the behaviour of the P(ATBS) in solution. A related study was done by Pyrolysis coupled to a Gaz Chromatography and a Mass Spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the P(ATBS). To this day, the P(ATBS) has never been studied by this technique