Dissertationen zum Thema „Polish Dumy“
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1
Malmgren, Karen Philippa. „Economic statecraft : United States antidumping and countervailing duty policy“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1090/.
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The Antidumping and Countervailing Duty laws are competition policy instruments with which the United States ostensibly seeks to promote the role of market forces, enhance competition and thereby uphold the post-war international economic order. However, through a combination of administrative pragmatism and statutory emendation, these trade laws have evolved into instruments with which the United States impedes market forces and insulates its domestic economy from the very competition these laws supposedly aim to encourage. This is a paradox. Important political issues arise from this paradox which are obscured by the traditional methods of examining trade policy. This dissertation demonstrates that the political aspects can be made apparent if the laws are thought of as instruments of economic statecraft. Through an original application of the theoretical framework David Baldwin has developed in Economic Statecraft, it is argued that the trade remedy laws utilize state power for the purpose of changing the behaviour, beliefs, policies and propensities to act of foreign governments or firms. By examining the detail inherent in the two statutes it is demonstrated that far from compelling foreigners to abide by market forces and undertake competitive trade practices, the US penalizes them for doing so. On the pretext that foreigners' trade practices are "unfair", the US is compelling them to engage in genuinely anticompetitive practices. Competition is the central mechanism of the post-war international trade system. Therefore, the United States is undermining that order with its use of these instruments of statecraft. Further, remedy policy is generating political conflict between the US and its major trading partners because there is fundamental disagreement as to the normal and appropriate role for governments and firms to play in a modern market economy. Differences of opinion about what is "unfair" in this context arise, as is demonstrated, on political grounds rather than economic ones.
2
Aulis, Angela Rena. „How much should the off-duty employment of police officers be regulated?“ CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2675.
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This project explored the question of whether or not the employment of off-duty police officers should be regulated. It includes two surveys, a statewide survey of agency regulations and a survey of Fontana Police Department personnel.
3
Kromer, Matthew A. „Electric powertrains : opportunities and challenges in the US light-duty vehicle fleet“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40372.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-143).
Managing impending environmental and energy challenges in the transport sector requires a dramatic reduction in both the petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of in-use vehicles. This study quantifies the potential of electric and hybrid-electric powertrains, such as gasoline hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs), and battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), to offer such reductions. The evolution of key enabling technologies was evaluated over a 30 year time horizon. These results were integrated with software simulations to model vehicle performance and tank-to-wheel energy consumption; the technology evaluation was also used to estimate costs. Well-to-wheel energy and GHG emissions of future vehicle technologies were estimated by integrating the vehicle technology evaluation with assessments of different fuel pathways. While electric powertrains can reduce or eliminate the transport sector's reliance on petroleum, their GHG and energy reduction potential are constrained by continued reliance on fossil-fuels for producing electricity and hydrogen. In addition, constraints on growth of new vehicle technologies and slow rates of fleet turnover imply that these technologies take decades to effect meaningful change.
(cont.) As such, they do not offer a silver bullet: new technologies must be deployed in combination with other aggressive measures such as improved conventional technology, development of low-carbon fuels and fuel production pathways, and demand-side reductions. The results do not suggest a clear winner amongst the technologies evaluated, although the hybrid vehicle is most likely to offer a dominant path through the first half of the century, based on its position as an established technology, a projection that shows continued improvement and narrowing cost relative to conventional technologies, and similar GHG reduction benefits to other technologies as long as they rely on traditional fuel pathways. The plug-in hybrid, while more costly than hybrid vehicles, offers greater opportunity to reduce GHG emissions and petroleum use, and faces lower technical risk and fewer infrastructure hurdles than fuel-cell or battery-electric vehicles. Fuel-cell vehicle technology has shown significant improvement in the last several years, but questions remain as to its technical feasibility and the relative benefit of hydrogen as a transportation fuel.
by Matthew A. Kromer.
S.M.
4
Ledford, Logan. „An Exploratory Study of Duty-Related Stress Among Conservation Officers“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3654.
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Research relating to police stress has typically focused on officers working in urban areas, neglecting their rural counterparts. This is especially true of conservation officers, who are tasked with enforcing laws in state parks and other recreational areas. To date, only a handful of studies have sought to better understand their experiences and perceptions. The current study seeks to further our understanding of conservation officer stress in three unique ways: (1) via applying McCreary and Thompson’s (2006) operational police stress scale (PSQ-Op) to the population, (2) determining whether officer characteristics (e.g., age, education, length of service) affect perceived stress, and (3) exploring the influence of various job duties on these perceptions. Survey data are gathered from officers located in several states, with results serving to improve our understanding of conservation officer stress.
5
Bassène, Stéphane (Stéphane Alfred) 1977. „Potential for reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16794.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Technology and Policy Program, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-68).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, trap solar heat in the atmosphere, raising its temperature. While comprising only about 5% of global population, the U.S. is responsible for nearly one fourth of global annual CO2 emissions. Transportation accounts for a third of all carbon dioxide emissions in the country, and about one fourth worldwide. U.S. passenger cars and light trucks accounting for nearly two thirds of the net carbon equivalent emissions from transportation, any successful national strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions would need to address transportation sector emissions. Building upon a vehicle technology assessment conducted at MIT ("On the Road in 2020", Weiss et al., 2000), this study assesses the potential for reducing the U.S. light duty vehicle fleet fuel consumption and energy use. The vehicles technologies considered are an evolving gasoline-fueled baseline vehicle with steadily decreasing fuel consumption, and a gasoline internal combustion engine hybrid vehicle with an advanced body design. Using a vehicle fleet turnover model, the impact on the light-duty fleet of various technology penetration scenarios is assessed. The effects of other factors including the light-duty vehicle stock growth, the increasing per-vehicle annual distance traveled and the sales share of light-duty trucks are evaluated as well. The reduction of new vehicle fuel consumption achieved on the evolving baseline and advanced ICE-Hybrids vehicles provides the most significant savings in fleet energy use over all the other considered measures. Actions aiming at reducing the stock and the total distance traveled growth rate appear to have significant effects on fleet fuel consumption as well, while an increasing share of light-duty trucks will have only a modest impact. Finally, various policy options are discussed. Actions will need to be taken by the Federal Government and the other stakeholders if significant petroleum and greenhouse gas emissions reductions are to be achieved.
by Stéphane Bassène.
S.M.
6
Noble, Ben. „Rethinking 'rubber stamps' : legislative subservience, executive factionalism, and policy-making in the Russian State Duma“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6a027f93-90d6-4ecc-9346-48712a003de0.
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Conventional wisdom views authoritarian legislatures as 'rubber stamps'. According to this model, non-democratic parliaments are entirely subservient to dominant executives, having no influence on the development of policy; as a result, all bills introduced into the legislature become laws without amendment. Although these bodies might perform other functions, they serve - according to this account - a purely ceremonial function in the policy-making process. There is evidence, however, inconsistent with this portrayal from a range of non-democracies, including evidence of executive bill failure and bill amendment. Existing attempts to explain these apparently deviant observations refer to some degree of legislative autonomy - bills fail and change as a result of legislator influence. According to these accounts, authoritarian elites use legislatures to co-opt members of the opposition and to gather information about citizen grievances. This dissertation, in contrast, argues that legislative activity in non-democracies can be driven by executive concerns. Whereas the 'rubber stamp' model infers from executive dominance an absence of legislative activity, the approach proposed by this dissertation suggests there are a variety of reasons why executive actors might want to amend or kill off their own bills in the legislature. In particular, these legislative policy developments can result from clashes between executive factions, which use legislative institutions to monitor, challenge, and amend each others' proposals. This dissertation proposes and assesses this new approach using fine-grained data on legislative processes and outputs from the contemporary Russian State Duma. The analysis draws on a variety of data sources, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings suggest that legislative institutions can still 'matter' in non-democracies, even with an entirely subservient body of legislators.
7
Nishimura, Eriko. „Assessing the fuel Use and greenhouse gas emissions of future light-duty vehicles in Japan“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65506.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-95).
Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is of great concern in Japan, as well as elsewhere, such as in the U.S. and EU. More than 20% of GHG emissions in Japan come from the transportation sector, and a more than 70% reduction in GHG emissions by 2050 has been projected as a feasible goal. It is clear that substantial reduction in GHG emissions from the transportation sector will be required in Japan over the next several decades. This research developed a fleet model for Japan to evaluate GHG emission trends through 2030 and through 2050. The fleet model shows that GHG emissions from light-duty vehicles are likely to decrease significantly due to anticipated decrease of vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) from all the light-duty vehicles in Japan over the next several decades. This is because of several factors, such as the decrease of vehicle sales due to the recession and higher gasoline prices. In the analysis through 2030, the fleet model was run under four "sales mix scenarios," including a scenario which is based on the forecast by the Japanese Government. Even in the scenario without any sales mix change in the future, a 36% GHG emission reduction from the level of 2008 is achieved by 2030. In the Government Scenario (the most optimistic scenario), a 49% GHG emission reduction from the level of 2008 is achieved by 2030. In the longer-term analysis through 2050, the fleet model was run under two "sales mix scenarios" and two "vehicle fuel consumption forecasts." In the most conservative case, a 54% GHG emission reduction from the level of 2008 is achieved by 2050. In the most optimistic case, a 67% GHG emission reduction from the level of 2008 is achieved by 2050. Even though substantial GHG emission reductions by 2050 are projected, coordinated policy measures would make the most optimistic sales mix scenario more feasible, and help realize further GHG emission reductions.
by Eriko Nishimura.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
8
CUBITO, CLAUDIO. „A policy-oriented vehicle simulation approach for estimating the CO2 emissions from Hybrid Light Duty Vehicles“. Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2675285.
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Pollutants emissions and fuel economy tests for passenger cars differ from region to region of the world, since different driving condition and vehicle fleet characterize different geographical areas. In particular, the European type approval procedure for passenger cars uses as reference cycle the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), which is nowadays not representative of real driving conditions. Therefore, the European Commission has planned to introduce the Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Test Procedure (WLTP) from September 2017. As a consequence, the CO2 emissions target should be adapted, since the current 2020 goals are based on NEDC assessment.
The European Commission and the Joint Research Centre (JRC) are therefore developing a simulation tool called CO2MPAS (CO2 Module for Passenger and commercial vehicles Simulation) for the correlation of CO2 emissions from WLTP to NEDC, which will be used for the type approval of European passenger cars from 2017, avoiding expensive duplicate test campaigns for car manufactures. However, the implementation of CO2MPAS has so far involved solely conventional light duty vehicles.
Within this context, a research project has been carried out in closed collaboration between Politecnico di Torino and JRC for the development of CO2MPAS for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). The correlation model is based on a unique simplified physical approach, which should be able to detect the powertrain behavior along the NEDC cycle from the physical measurements along the new driving cycle, estimating with a good accuracy the CO2 emissions (within ± 3 g/km).
9
Leporte, Lydia. „Realizing federal policy outcomes of the post-9/11 GI Bill: Veterans' and active duty/reservist perceptions“. W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618681.
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The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (Public Law 78-346), generally referred to as the GI Bill, provided any veteran, who had served for at least 90 days from the time period of September 1940 to July 1947, paid full-time education. The original Act also called for the creation of a central agency dedicated to the administration of all veterans' benefits, which ultimately became the Veterans' Administration (VA). The GI Bill has been revamped five more times since its initial inception, with the most recent iteration, the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008, being hailed to be potentially as powerful a social policy groundbreaking as the original GI Bill.;The purpose of this research was to conduct a study and evaluate the data regarding the use of the benefits of the Post-9/11 GI Bill by veterans and active duty military college students. The overarching research question was: What are the Tidewater Community College (TCC) veteran and current active-duty military member/reservist perceptions of the Post-9/11 GI Bill and does their usage of benefits align with the federal policy goals of recruitment, retention, and rewarding our military members for their service?;An analysis of the results of the online survey showed that of the three federal policy goals, retention of quality personnel and the feeling of reward for military service were being met through the perception of TCC student veterans. While the Post-9/11 GI Bill benefits were not a primary recruitment reason for the majority of respondents, most felt that the Act would aid in future military recruitment. This research also found that Post-9/11 GI Bill users were using their benefits primarily for degree attainment and increased job opportunities. Military students appeared to be positively using educational swirl in order to alleviate the 36-month time limits and to continue receiving their living stipend. Specifically, they were attending more than one institution concurrently and/or in series because they were driven to complete their degree as efficiently as possible.;Dissatisfaction exists, mainly with the implementation of the policy, time limitations on usage, and changes to the living stipend payments. This dissatisfaction may be the main reasons those eligible are not using the Post-9/11 GI Bill. Other reasons for current non-use that should be explored further include the possibilities that students are waiting to use their Post-9/11 benefits after other federal monies have been used, and they may have already depleted their GI Bill benefits. Modifications to alleviate students' perceived issues could ultimately increase the attainment of the Post-9/11 federal policy goals of recruitment, retention, and rewarding military members for their service.
10
Bandivadekar, Anup P. „Evaluating the impact of advanced vehicle and fuel technologies in U.S. light duty vehicle fleet“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43856.
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Thesis (Ph. D. in Technology, Management, and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology, Management, and Policy Program, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-180).
The unrelenting increase in oil use by the U.S. light-duty vehicle (LDV) fleet presents an extremely challenging energy and environmental problem. A variety of propulsion technologies and fuels have the promise to reduce petroleum use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from motor vehicles. Previous work in this domain has compared individual vehicle or fuel alternatives. The aim of this research was to deepen the understanding of the likely scale and timing of the fleet-wide impact of emerging technologies. A model of the light-duty vehicle fleet showed that fuel consumption of mainstream gasoline internal combustion engine (ICE) technology vehicles will determine the trajectory of fleet fuel use and GHG emissions over the next two decades. Using vehicle simulations and historical data, the trade-off between vehicle performance, size and fuel consumption was quantified. It was shown that up to 26 percent reduction in future LDV fuel use is possible with mainstream gasoline ICE vehicles alone if emphasis of vehicle technology is on reducing fuel consumption rather than improving performance. Addressing this vehicle performance-size-fuel consumption trade-off should be the priority for policymakers. By considering both supply and demand side constraints on building up vehicle production rates, three plausible scenarios of advanced vehicle market penetration were developed. Due to strong competition from mainstream gasoline vehicles and high initial cost, market penetration rates of diesels and gasoline hybrids in the U.S. are likely to be slow. As a result, diesels and gasoline hybrids have only a modest, though growing potential for reducing fleet fuel use before 2025. In general, the time-scales to impact of new technologies are twenty to twenty-five years.
(cont.) Integrating vehicle and fuel scenarios showed that measures which reduce greenhouse gas emissions also reduce petroleum consumption, but the converse is not necessarily true. Policy efforts therefore should be focused on measures that improve both energy security and carbon emissions at the same time. While up to 35 percent reduction in fleet GHG emissions from a No Change scenario is possible by 2035, the magnitude of changes required to achieve these reductions are daunting, as all of the current trends run counter to the changes required.
by Anup P. Bandivadekar.
Ph.D.
11
McAulay, Jeffrey L. (Jeffrey Lewis). „Assessing deployment strategies for ethanol and flex fuel vehicles in the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53064.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92).
Within the next 3-7 years the US light duty fleet and fuel supply will encounter what is commonly referred to as the "blend wall". This phenomenon describes the situation when more ethanol production has been mandated than can be blended legally in the existing gasoline fuel supply. While there are currently measures under review to extend fuel certification to from 10% to 15% ethanol blends, this will not be enough to reach the existing Renewable Fuel Standard targets that grow over the next decade to 36 billion gallons of biofuel. This research focuses on a quantitative assessment of how to effectively use policies to match the deployment of ethanol with capable vehicles to use ethanol, and the infrastructure to the fuel. A model of the light duty vehicle fleet has been used find the number of vehicles required to meet ethanol fuel usage targets. The key variables explored in this work are (i) the volumetric target for total biofuels (ii) the legal blend limit of ethanol in gasoline, (iii) fleet vehicle sales penetration and (iv) a metric for the relative utilization of ethanol and gasoline for flex fuel vehicles. Each of these factors can be varied independently to understand the existing relationship between each in the context of the US light-duty vehicle fleet. Ultimately, coordinated polices focusing on each of these key factors can ease the transformation of the automotive fuel industry away from petroleum dominated supplies.
by Jeffrey L. McAulay.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
12
Yip, Arthur Hong Chun. „Modelling the global prospects and impacts of heavy duty liquefied natural gas vehicles in computable general equilibrium“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95587.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-71).
Natural gas vehicles have the prospects of making substantial contributions to transportation needs. The adoption of natural gas vehicles could lead to impacts on energy and environmental systems. An analysis of the main factors and trends that affect adoption of natural gas vehicles such as vehicle costs, infrastructure costs, and fuel economics was performed. The fuel cost analysis showed that assuming production and distribution at scale, liquefied natural gas (LNG) can be competitive as a diesel fuel substitute for heavy duty vehicles in the US, and also in EU and China. A methodology of incorporating heavy duty natural gas vehicles into a computable general equilibrium (CGE) economic modelling was developed to investigate the potential adoption and impacts. Modelling variables such as vehicle and infrastructure costs were tested and several scenarios were applied to examine the general equilibrium impacts on natural gas vehicle adoption and the general equilibrium impacts of resulting natural gas vehicle adoption. Climate policy scenarios were also developed and tested. In the base case scenario, results showed significant adoption of LNG trucks (Class 8) in the US, with 10% penetration of heavy duty trucks by 2020 and up to 100% by 2040. In China and the EU, adoption was projected to be slower due to higher natural gas prices. In the US, introduction of LNG trucks resulted in moderately higher natural gas prices, slightly lower oil prices, and a small reduction in total GHG emissions, relative to scenarios without LNG truck availability. The development of natural gas fuelled transportation is still in its infancy and CGE modelling offers a tool that can be applied to test a wide range of assumptions of cost development and relative prices.
by Arthur Hong Chun Yip.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
13
Bandivadekar, Anup P. „Combinations of policy measures with a high potential for reducing the fuel consumption of the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17911.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-82).
Fuel consumption of cars and light-duty trucks is one of the most vigorously debated issues in the U.S. While impressive gains have been made in terms of both fuel efficiency and individual vehicle fuel economy in the past two decades, the overall fuel consumption of the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet continues to grow. Although concerns about the effect of emissions from the vehicles and a significant reliance on imported oil provide legitimate reasons for government action to manage fuel consumption, the economic and societal impacts of such intervention assume multiple dimensions. This research finds that there exists no silver bullet for reducing the fuel consumption of motor vehicles in the U.S. However, there are several different policy measures available to affect the production and purchase of more fuel efficient vehicles as well as reduce the amount of driving. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of individual of policy options reveals the potential for combination of policies. A fleet model helps understand the time delay between the introduction of new fuel efficient vehicles and the reduction in fuel consumption of the fleet. Analysis of political and institutional obstacles enables an evaluation of the feasibility of a comprehensive policy package. A reinforcing combination of different policies can increase the overall effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Such an approach aims at exploiting synergies between different measures, remove perverse incentives, and increase political acceptability of the overall strategy by spreading the impact and responsibility. An integrated policy package that combines fuel economy standards, fee and rebate scheme for vehicles, fuel taxes and increased renewable content in fuels
(cont.) is evaluated as an example. Such a coordinated set of policy actions might result in reduction of 32% up to 50% in overall fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of the light-duty vehicles.
by Anup P. Bandivadekar.
S.M.
14
Bodek, Kristian M. „Heavy-duty diesel vehicle Nox̳ aftertreatment in 2010 : the infrastructure and compliance challenges of urea-SCR“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43138.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2008.In title on t.p. double-underscored "x" appears as superscript.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-161).
Increasingly stringent heavy-duty vehicle emission regulations are prompting the use of PM and NOx aftertreatment systems in the US, the EU and Japan. In the US, the EPA Highway Diesel Rule, which will be fully implemented in 2010, has stimulated debate over whether urea selective catalytic reduction (urea-SCR) or lean NOx traps (LNT) are the better NOx aftertreatment approach for meeting this new standard. And, if urea-SCR is indeed the preferred option, how can its compliance and infrastructure challenges be overcome during the relatively short window of time between now and 2010. This thesis begins by performing a comprehensive technical and economic assessment of urea-SCR and LNT aftertreatment to determine which technology is more appropriate for use in heavy-duty vehicles and how sensitive that judgment is to changes in key variables, such as the price of urea. The focus then shifts to an exploration of the various compliance and infrastructure challenges associated with urea-SCR, namely the need to have a replenishable supply of urea. In particular, the actions and policies necessary to surmount those obstacles are discussed. Next, the policies and market factors that played a role in the EU's successful introduction of urea-SCR are examined and assessed for their ability to be applied in the US context. Finally, the long-term viability of urea-SCR is appraised through an investigation of the potential for competing emission control technologies to emerge and the prospect that urea-SCR becomes adopted by the light-duty diesel market. This thesis concludes by offering both a prognosis for what can be expected to occur between now and 2010, given the current course of action, as well as policy recommendations for how that trajectory might be corrected, such that the introduction of urea-SCR in 2010 is achieved with the maximum air quality benefit at the lowest cost.
by Kristian M. Bodek.
S.M.
15
Berry, Irene Michelle. „The effects of driving style and vehicle performance on the real-world fuel consumption of U.S. light-duty vehicles“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58392.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-128).
Even with advances in vehicle technology, both conservation and methods for reducing the fuel consumption of existing vehicles are needed to decrease the petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet. One way to do this is through changes in driving style, specifically through reductions in driving aggressiveness. The role of vehicle performance is particularly interesting because of the recognized tradeoff between vehicle performance and certified fuel consumption and because more powerful vehicles are capable of more aggressive driving. This thesis analyzes the effects of driving style and vehicle performance on the real-world fuel consumption of conventional vehicles though two parts. First, vehicle simulations assess the sensitivity of fuel consumption to a wide range of driving patterns. From these results, three aggressiveness factors were developed for quantifying driving aggressiveness. Each aggressiveness factor, although based only on the speed trace and vehicle characteristics, is proportional to fuel consumption in one of three specific speed ranges: neighborhood, city, or highway speeds. These aggressiveness factors provide a tool for comparing drive cycles and evaluating the real-world driving patterns. Second, driving data from two U.S. sources was used to 1) provide illustrative examples of real world driving and 2) assess the relationship between driving aggressiveness and vehicle performance. The distribution of aggressiveness among the driving data follows a lognormal shape. The average aggressiveness is either below or near the aggressiveness of the U.S. drive cycles developed in the 1990s. Moderate performance vehicles, the most common type of vehicle, are driven most aggressively. Low performance vehicles are driven least aggressively. The results suggest that, for the illustrative data analyzed in this work, reducing velocities during highway driving would save roughly the same amount of fuel as reducing accelerations during all driving. However, on an individual basis, the fuel savings achieved from these behaviors would vary significantly. Aggressive drivers should focus on reducing accelerations, while less aggressive drivers should focus on driving at lower speeds on the highway. And the greatest fuel savings can be attained if the most aggressive drivers, those who drive moderate performance vehicles, drove with lower accelerations.
by Irene Michelle Berry.
S.M.
16
Callahan, Kara. „Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the light-duty vehicle sector : an examination of end-use policy options“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35439.
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17
Moyane, Simon. „The impact of on-duty killings in the South African Police Service (SAPS) on spouses of deceased members“. Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01152009-104256.
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Evans, Christopher W. (Christopher William). „Putting policy in drive : coordinating measures to reduce fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions from U.S. light-duty vehicles“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42937.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-110).
The challenges of energy security and climate change have prompted efforts to reduce fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions in light-duty vehicles within the United States. Failures in the market for lower rates of fuel consumption necessitate government involvement. But efforts have been weakened by a controversial regulatory system, and the need for perverse incentives that have contributed to a slight increase in the average rate of light-duty vehicle fuel consumption alongside a 70% increase in vehicle travel relative to the mid-80's. This research evaluates the role of fiscal policies in overcoming barriers to reducing fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions in U.S. light-duty vehicles. It conducts a survey of fiscal policies and their implementation internationally. A model of the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet is used to assess a fuel tax in comparison to -- and in coordination with -- the recently legislated Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standard legislated by the Energy Independence and Security Act. Engineering cost estimates of technology improvements and vehicle powertrains are used to evaluate the costs and benefits of a technology penetration scenario that approximates the new CAFE standard. Alongside CAFE, fiscal options can achieve reductions more effectively by: (i) acting on a broader range of stakeholders; (ii) influencing behavioral responses as well as technological changes; and (iii) by sending price signals across multiple stages of vehicle purchase, operation, and retirement. Using illustrative scenarios, the report demonstrates that fiscal policies align consumer demand for lower rates of fuel consumption with the requirements that CAFE imposes on manufacturers.
(cont.) The costs of reducing fuel consumption are estimated to be 8 to 20% of the baseline cost if fuel consumption remained unchanged from today, corresponding to retail price increases of $1,500 to $4,500 for the average vehicle between 2020 and 2035. These significant costs are largely offset by fuel savings benefits within 2 to 4 years relative to no change.
by Christopher W. Evans.
S.M.
19
Gardner, Jeffrey V. „A Duty to Share: The Opportunities and Obstacles of Federal Counterterrorism Intelligence Sharing with Nonfederal Fusion Centers“. ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3770.
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Little is known about how effectively federal agencies share terrorism intelligence with state and local governments through fusion centers. As a result, there is a risk that local governments do not receive critical intelligence that would allow them to collaboratively prevent catastrophic terrorist attacks. Using Dawes' interagency information sharing model, the purpose of this exploratory case study was to evaluate how effectively federal agencies share terrorism intelligence with fusion centers. Data were collected through interviews with 25 senior leaders, federal agents deployed to fusion centers, and intelligence analysts in 5 fusion centers on the East Coast. These data were inductively coded and then subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Findings indicated that, among these leaders, information sharing was hindered by both technology and inter-organizational relationships between the fusion centers and federal agencies. Participants also noted that obstacles to information sharing regarding classified data has not been sufficiently mitigated. Dawes' interagency information-sharing theory was found to be explanatory regarding intelligence sharing activities. Implications for positive social change include recommendations to the Department of Homeland Security to utilize Dawes' work on information sharing in order to alleviate the tension between federal and local agencies and remove obstacles, particularly related to classified intelligence related to counterterrorism. Doing so can be useful in developing policy recommendations to improve the dynamics between federal and local agencies, thereby allowing critical information to be shared with state and local governments in a proactive manner that may better protect communities.
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Scott, George Edward. „Caught in the Act : Bristol civil defence and the political abuse of statutory duty to support deterrence policy 1948-1968“. Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436913.
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Oliveira, Rodrigo Giannangelo de. „Uma experiência de plantão psicológico à polícia militar do estado de São Paulo: reflexões sobre sofrimento e demanda“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-25092006-150414/.
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Este trabalho estuda a significância e abrangência do serviço de plantão psicológico oferecido ao efetivo de duas Companhias da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo por psicólogos e estagiários do LEFE/USP entre 2001 e 2004. Foram entrevistados 04 sujeitos, dois de cada unidade, aos quais se dirigiu a pergunta: que sentido tem para você o plantão psicológico oferecido nesta Companhia? Foi possível compreender, a partir dos depoimentos colhidos, que os policiais percebem o serviço de plantão psicológico de forma positiva. Alguns sujeitos apontaram modificações na forma de lidar com a própria vida após terem sido atendidos em plantão. Outros salientaram a importância de continuidade do trabalho. Assim, o plantão psicológico oferecido à PM demonstrou pertinência como forma de acolhimento ao sofrimento dos policiais em questão.This survey examines the meaning and the reach of psychological attendance service offered to two Companies of Military Police of São Paulo by psychologists and trainees of LEFE/USP between 2001 e 2004. The Ss are 04, two of each Company, and they answered the question: what do you think about the psychological attendance service that we offer here? It was possible to hold, after data collecting, that policemen see psychological attendance in a positive way. Some of them told about modifications in their own lives after their experience with psychological attendance. Others mentioned the importance of continuity of the service. Therefore, the service of psychological attendance offered at the military police seemed to be effective to hold policemen suffering.
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Horáková, Dora. „Analýza daňové politiky České republiky v oblasti zdanění tabákových výrobků“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150291.
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From 1st January 2014 the Czech Republic has to fullfil new minimum rates of excise duty on tobacco products according to requirements of the European Union. The aim of my thesis is to analyze the current state of tax policy on tobacco taxation and design the future rates with regard to the current structure of the consumption of tobacco products. The first chapter concerns mainly to the Czech legislation, the system of taxation of tobacco products, defines the basic concepts and principles, the second chapter focuses on the development and requirements of European secondary law governing the taxation of tobacco products, which is the means for the harmonization of excise duties in the European Union. There is some space given to the development of the rates of excise duty on tobacco products and revenues of this tax, including their evaluation. The final analysis compares alternatives of the tax rates as they could be set from 2014 following the development of the future exchange rate according to the Ministry of Finance forecasts and at different rates of value added tax.
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Folden, Tracey Y. „PERMISSION TO ENGAGE: EXAMINING THE EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES OF ACTIVE DUTY ARMY ENLISTED SOLDIERS ENROLLED AT HOPKINSVILLE COMMUNITY COLLEGE“. UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/epe_etds/57.
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The military has long-standing partnerships with institutions of higher education (Leporte, 2013; Parks, 2015 & Massie, 2016). These partnerships have been significant over time because the United States Army has incentivized civilian education via the Army enlisted ranks and promotional structure (Wilson, Smith, Lee & Stevenson, 2013). Researchers are beginning to recognize service members as adult students who need specific supports in an educational setting (Wilson et al., 2013; Leporte, 2013; Parks, 2015; Massie, 2016). Enlisted soldiers arrive on college campuses with identities ascribed and molded by the military. Thus, their primary identity is soldier not student (Nagel & Kleykamp, 2007; Wilson et al., 2013& Massie, 2016).
Community colleges specialize in providing educational opportunities to all facets of the community (Kane & Rouse, 1999). The current cultural diversity discourse does not include military personnel and the degree in which institutions of higher education seek to integrate via policy and practice with the military. This qualitative study explores the perceptions of the ten enlisted soldiers who participated in a semi-structured interview and completed a demographic questionnaire. I used the Collective Affiliation model (Davidson, 2011) to analyze the data generated from the soldier-students interviews regarding their educational experiences at Hopkinsville Community College Fort Campbell Campus.
The research participants discussed family support and expectations, preparation for life after the Army, reenlistment incentive programs, and civilian education embedded into promotional points as aspirations for college attendance. Lastly, the soldiers described their educational experiences as navigating military, family and academic bureaucracies to encompass; balancing multiple roles as adult students, discovering the opportunities and challenges of military educational benefits, enrollment experiences as community college students, and faculty interactions and support in the classroom. From this research study, I created the Dual System for Enlisted Soldier-Student Academic Persistence (DSAP) conceptual model to illustrate the lived experiences of enlisted soldiers as students specifically. The findings of this research add to the body of knowledge of the educational experiences of enlisted soldier-students attending community college.
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James, Pauline Marion. „Between duty and discretion, paramedics and the implementation of emergency medical services policy with older persons in crisis in the community : a qualitative analysis“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32667.pdf.
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Kibugi, Robert M. „Governing Land Use in Kenya: From Sectoral Fragmentation to Sustainable Integration of Law and Policy“. Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20268.
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The search for development that is sustainable often results in the complex challenge of having to reconcile the need for socio-economic activities with protection of the environment. This challenge of integrating such fundamentally important considerations that often contrast, but should be mutually supportive, is necessarily addressed by legal and policy frameworks of the country in question. These could be laws and policies with competence to manage the environment, or to manage socio-economic and political activities that impact the environment. This challenge is profound for developing countries like Kenya that experience higher levels of degradation, poverty and food insecurity. Arguably in this context, while addressing integration involves reconciliation of legal principles for a coherent legal concept of sustainability, it is also a serious matter of survival for millions of people. This raises compelling reasons to ensure that any legal reform measures positively impact how these people make decisions on the socio-economic utilization of land or forestry resources that they have access to. The research aimed to develop a legal and policy framework that will facilitate integration of environmental protection with socio-economic activities during land use decision making, as a mechanism to achieve sustainability. We investigated how a legal/policy framework, founded in the 2010 Constitution, and in environmental and tenure rights laws of Kenya, can conceptually reconcile the right (and duty) respecting a clean environment, with socio-economic rights. The research further analysed how such conceptual reconciliation can impact integration in policies, plans and decision making by sectoral laws and institutions to ensure environmental consideration across sectoral areas. To this end, we have proposed enacting a legal duty requiring tenure rightholders to integrate their socio-economic activities with environmental protection during land use decision making. We further frame mechanisms to guide the attitudes, and decisions of farmers and forest communities in making that transition to sustainable practices.
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Vandegrift, David W. „Lived Experience of Military Mental Health Clinicians: Provided Care to OIF and OEF Active Duty Service Members Experiencing War Stress Injury“. Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1518115325115816.
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Radley, Claire. „Policing domestic violence : influences that shape the development of response behaviour“. Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2006. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3154/.
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Police officer responses to incidents of domestic violence have received widespread criticism in recent years, but the focus of most studies on this topic has been on the experiences of victims and the work of police units established specifically to deal with domestic violence. As a consequence, the responses of front-line officers have received less attention. In particular, the ways in which they perceive and respond to domestic violence as they develop their careers within the police service are almost entirely unresearched. With this in mind, the aim of this research was precisely to map the shifts and changes (if any) in police officers' reactions and responses to domestic violence incidents during their first three years in service. Where previous researchers have examined officers' response to domestic violence in one temporal dimension and others have considered issues of acculturation and socialisation, the uniqueness of this research is in the way in which it has synthesised both these elements in the production of a more complex longitudinal study. Thus the research is informed by the experiences and perceptions of seven officers from their first day as a member of a Constabulary, through to their completion of three years' service. Observation of their probationer training and of the officers on duty, the design and completion of semi-structured interviews and the use of hypothetical scenarios comprise the primary research tools, with additional insights being gained through semi-structured interviews with the officers' tutor constables. The rich and deep insights that emerged from the fieldwork were made possible because of the development and maintenance of a relationship with a small number of officers over the period of three years. My status as a full-time employee of the Constabulary benefited me enormously in this regard. Through the development of this work, I have drawn from a variety of methodological and theoretical approaches but have been mostly persuaded by theories focused on aspects of feminism and symbolic interactionism. Using theories of power and gender in the context of domestic violence and applying these to observations made of the masculine organisational sub-culture of the police service, enables a picture to emerge of officers' explicit and implicit absorption of sub-cultural values, how they learn from their own experiences, how they learn to deal with domestic violence incidents from peers and colleagues, and influences of the training orientation and content. More specifically, I argue that as an organisation, the police service (through its staff) does little to extend officers' understanding of domestic violence either theoretically or actually. There was (and continued to be) a clear lack of recognition by the study's participants of the gendered power relations inherent in most incidents of domestic violence. The study considered the content and form of probationer domestic violence training in this regard and concludes by drawing attention to the importance of officers' tacit knowledge, or in other words, their understanding of domestic violence as a result of their societal socialisation. Crucially, the primary manifestation of this 'lack' of understanding was in officers' confusion over their precise (police) role when confronted with what they perceived to be domestic 'disputes' as opposed to domestic 'violence', where the latter were more easily recognised as requiring a law-and-order response, but where the former were considered as much less straightforward to deal with. Consequently, in most circumstances, officers tended to rely on their personal experiences and understandings as human beings rather than police officers, to guide their response. A contributory factor to the lack of clarity were the many parallels between the gendered power dynamic to be found in situations of domestic violence and the form and content of banter and behaviour in the workplace. The research is not simply an end in itself in terms of answering a particular set of research questions relating to police responses to domestic violence, but could also act as a vehicle for change.
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Song, Wei. „The extent of the insured’s duty of disclosure : a comparative analysis of the disclosure obligations of insured in Australia, Singapore and China“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/54638/1/Wei_Song__Thesis.pdf.
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Pre-contractual material disclosure and representation from an insurance policy proposer is the most important element for insurers to make a decision on whether a proposer is insurable and what are the terms and conditions if the proposal by the proposer is able to be insured.
The issue this thesis researches and investigates focus on the issues related to the pre-contractual non-disclosures and misrepresentations of an insured under the principle of utmost good faith, by operation of laws, can achieve with different results in different jurisdiction. A similar disputed claim involving material non-disclosed personal information or misrepresentation at the pre-contractual stage from an insured with respect to both general and life insurance policies settled by an insurer in Australia could be that the policy is set aside ab initio by the insurers in Singapore or China.
The jurisdictions this thesis examines are
• Australia;
• Singapore; and
• China including Hong Kong.
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McGowan, Dennis M., und Dennis M. McGowan. „Marketing the joint Naval Postgraduate School of Business and Public Policy and University of Maryland, Robert H. Smith School of Business, defense focused Masters in Business Administration to active duty military officers“. Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9909.
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MBA Professional ReportApproved for public release, distribution is unlimited
MBA Professional Report
Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited
In April 2001, the Naval Postgraduate School's Graduate School of Business and Public Policy (NPS GSBPP), and the University of Maryland (UMD), Robert H. Smith School of Business embarked on a joint venture to provide a defense focused Masters in Business Administration (MBA) to military service members and Department of Defense (DoD) civilians living in the metropolitan Washington, D.C., area. This program is commonly called the Joint MBA (JMBA). Through market research; Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threat Analysis; analysis of consumer buying; behavior and consideration of product life cycle; this marketing plan establishes an overarching marketing strategy for the JMBA. The strategy includes a product mission, marketing objectives, positioning, communication channels, the JMBA message and a description of managing the JMBA marketing process.
In April 2001, the Naval Postgraduate School's Graduate School of Business and Public Policy (NPS GSBPP), and the University of Maryland (UMD), Robert H. Smith School of Business embarked on a joint venture to provide a defense focused Masters in Business Administration (MBA) to military service members and Department of Defense (DoD) civilians living in the metropolitan Washington, D.C., area. This program is commonly called the Joint MBA (JMBA). Through market research; Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threat Analysis; analysis of consumer buying; behavior and consideration of product life cycle; this marketing plan establishes an overarching marketing strategy for the JMBA. The strategy includes a product mission, marketing objectives, positioning, communication channels, the JMBA message and a description of managing the JMBA marketing process.
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Van, Vuuren Yolandi. „Lewenspolisse, huwelike binne gemeenskap van goed en die berekening van boedelbelasting / Yolandi van Vuuren“. Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4919.
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The treatment of life insurance policies in deceased estates and the effect thereof on marriages
in community of property is the cause of various problems for executors. In terms of section
3(3) of the Estate Duty Act 45 of 1955 life insurance policies are deemed to be assets of the
deceased. Consequently life insurance policies are reflected in the estate duty addendum of
the deceased estate.
Life insurance policies however are not always reflected in the liquidation account of the
deceased estate as assets, notwithstanding the fact that life insurance policies are deemed to
be assets for estate duty purposes. In this regard a distinction should be made between two
situations: firstly where life insurance policies are reflected in the liquidation account of the
insured estate and secondly where life insurance policies are not reflected in the liquidation
account of the insured.
For spouses married in community of property this creates a problem especially when you keep
in mind that life insurance policies are in many instances a person's biggest monetary asset.
When life insurance policies are reflected in the liquidation account of the insured, the surviving
spouse has a claim on half of the policy proceeds. When life insurance policies are not
reflected in the liquidation account of the insured, the surviving spouse has no claim on the
policy proceeds.
The problem that arises in this regard is that there is no certainty as to what extent life
insurance policies should be included in the calculation of estate duty, and how these policies
must be reflected in the estate of the deceased. This uncertainty has been perpetuated by
courts. This research will illustrate how the courts came to different conclusions where the facts
were more or less similar.Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Rönnhede, Hedvig. „”Dumt fel ska rättas till, men säg inte att det är ett strukturellt problem inom polisen helt plötsligt” : - En studie av polisens externa kriskommunikation efter mörkläggningen av sexuellaofredanden under ”We Are Sthlm” festivalen“. Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-51261.
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Baker-Jones, Melanie K. „Social media in emergencies: An examination of government accountability for risk communication and warning“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/108031/1/Melanie_Baker-Jones_Thesis.pdf.
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Emergency management agencies and government authorities increasingly use social media to warn the public of emergencies. The aim of this thesis is to provide clarification where there is uncertainty about liability, and to address concerns as to how the law will be applied. It does this by examining the responsibility of those entities to warn. It considers whether they are likely to be held legally accountable for their acts or omissions when using social media. The thesis also seeks to provide good practice principles for the use of emerging communication technologies.
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Гортолум, В. А. „Фіскальна функція митної політики України“. Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2020. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/12715.
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У роботі досліджено концептуальні засади митної політики. Проаналізовано сучасні тенденції митної політики, спрямованої на наповнення Державного бюджету України. Проведено моніторинг надходжень митних платежів до державного бюджету та здійснено оцінювання їх фіскальної ефективності. Розглянуто прогнозування митних платежів як інструмент реалізації митної політики. Визначено прогресивний зарубіжний досвід справляння митних платежів, який може бути адаптований до вітчизняної практики. Запропоновано пріоритетні напрями підвищення ефективності реалізації фіскальної функції митної політики в Україні.The conceptual bases of customs policy are investigated in the work. The modern tendencies of the customs policy directed on filling of the State budget of Ukraine are analyzed. The receipts of customs payments to the state budget were monitored and their fiscal efficiency was assessed. The forecasting of customs payments as a tool for the implementation of customs policy is considered. Progressive foreign experience in levying customs payments has been identified, which can be adapted to domestic practice. The priority directions of increase of efficiency of realization of fiscal function of customs policy in Ukraine are offered.
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Leung, Alvin. „'British values'? 'Chinese values'? : governing and reimagining nation through values-based education policies in Britain and Hong Kong“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288762.
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This dissertation presents research that is broadly concerned with comparative understanding of the concept of citizenship and its relationship to nationhood, most particularly as it relates to contemporary government policies - what Michel Foucault refers to as 'studies of governmentality' - in Britain and Hong Kong. A major consideration is the assessment of how modern states seek to imbue citizenship with new meanings by mobilising connections to reimagined 'national cultures' and 'national values' as a way of expanding power and limiting access to citizenship. Two cases are selected and examined in this research to elucidate the above concern and consideration. The first is Hong Kong, where a compulsory subject Moral and National Education was proposed in 2012 to cultivate students' positive values and enhance their 'national qualities'. The second is Britain, where all schools and universities since 2015 must by law carry out the Prevent Duty to assess the risk of students becoming terrorists and beginning in 2014 where all schools must actively promote 'fundamental British values'. In both contexts, the education policies and their associated discourses claimed to protect 'our culture', defend 'our values', and promote understanding of 'our nation' Curriculum documents, policy documents, and parliamentary reports related to these education policies are collected and critically analysed in a genealogical approach to reveal (a) the expressions of 'national values' and citizenship in these policy and associated political texts, (b) how these texts and associated discourses influenced the re-imagination of nations, and (c) how the national perspectives expressed ideologically - especially in relation to the narrowing of borders through policies - recast, mediate or alter conceptions of citizenship. The comparative policy landscape in Britain and Hong Kong is assessed by deploying an interdisciplinary framework that addresses nation, citizenship, borders, and governmentality in a unique way. The study of the cases, in return, demonstrates how this framework can be applied to analysing education policies and assessing the rationalities and effects of these policies.
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Muriithi, Paul Mutuanyingi. „A case for memory enhancement : ethical, social, legal, and policy implications for enhancing the memory“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-case-for-memory-enhancement-ethical-social-legal-and-policy-implications-for-enhancing-the-memory(bf11d09d-6326-49d2-8ef3-a40340471acf).html.
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The desire to enhance and make ourselves better is not a new one and it has continued to intrigue throughout the ages. Individuals have continued to seek ways to improve and enhance their well-being for example through nutrition, physical exercise, education and so on. Crucial to this improvement of their well-being is improving their ability to remember. Hence, people interested in improving their well-being, are often interested in memory as well. The rationale being that memory is crucial to our well-being. The desire to improve one’s memory then is almost certainly as old as the desire to improve one’s well-being. Traditionally, people have used different means in an attempt to enhance their memories: for example in learning through storytelling, studying, and apprenticeship. In remembering through practices like mnemonics, repetition, singing, and drumming. In retaining, storing and consolidating memories through nutrition and stimulants like coffee to help keep awake; and by external aids like notepads and computers. In forgetting through rituals and rites. Recent scientific advances in biotechnology, nanotechnology, molecular biology, neuroscience, and information technologies, present a wide variety of technologies to enhance many different aspects of human functioning. Thus, some commentators have identified human enhancement as central and one of the most fascinating subject in bioethics in the last two decades. Within, this period, most of the commentators have addressed the Ethical, Social, Legal and Policy (ESLP) issues in human enhancements as a whole as opposed to specific enhancements. However, this is problematic and recently various commentators have found this to be deficient and called for a contextualized case-by-case analysis to human enhancements for example genetic enhancement, moral enhancement, and in my case memory enhancement (ME). The rationale being that the reasons for accepting/rejecting a particular enhancement vary depending on the enhancement itself. Given this enormous variation, moral and legal generalizations about all enhancement processes and technologies are unwise and they should instead be evaluated individually. Taking this as a point of departure, this research will focus specifically on making a case for ME and in doing so assessing the ESLP implications arising from ME. My analysis will draw on the already existing literature for and against enhancement, especially in part two of this thesis; but it will be novel in providing a much more in-depth analysis of ME. From this perspective, I will contribute to the ME debate through two reviews that address the question how we enhance the memory, and through four original papers discussed in part three of this thesis, where I examine and evaluate critically specific ESLP issues that arise with the use of ME. In the conclusion, I will amalgamate all my contribution to the ME debate and suggest the future direction for the ME debate.
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Brodin, Helene. „Does Anybody Care? : Public and Private Responsibilities in Swedish Eldercare 1940-2000“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-419.
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Saint-Pern, Laure de. „La notion de filiation en droit comparé : droit français et droit anglais“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020053/document.
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La notion de filiation renvoie au lien familial entre un parent et un enfant, lien qui ancre l'individu dans une lignée généalogique et permet de l'identifier par rapport aux membres de sa famille. Notion universelle, il a semblé pertinent d'examiner comment deux systèmes juridiques distincts, tels que ceux de droit civil et de common law, l'appréhendaient. Évoquant intuitivement un lien génétique entre le parent et l'enfant, la notion de filiation pourrait se réduire à cette dimension purement physique. Pourtant, le droit tient compte du fait qu'elle recouvre d'autres réalités, sociales et affectives, révélant ainsi une notion plus complexe. Entre la réalité génétique, devenue accessible grâce aux progrès de la science, et la volonté, employée pour fonder toutes les fictions juridiques telles que l'adoption, la procréation médicalement assistée et la gestation pour autrui, une tension est née. Le droit s'efforce de trouver un équilibre entre ces fondements grâce à la nouvelle« boussole » qu'est l'intérêt de l'enfant ainsi que grâce au cadre éprouvé de l'ordre public. L'étude comparée des droits français et anglais a permis également d'observer une dissociation croissante entre la notion et son régime, le régime pouvant être attribué indépendamment de l'existence juridique du lien. Cette dissociation en a révélé une autre, aux contours plus précis encore, entre le statut, c'est-à-dire le lien de droit initial auquel est attaché le régime, et le rôle, c'est-à-dire le comportement de fait qui se verra attribuer tout ou partie du régime de la filiation. C'est ensuite autour de l'exercice effectif de ce rôle que se réagrège une grande partie des effets de la filiation, interrogeant par conséquent la notion sur sa capacité à rendre compte des évolutions du droit de la familleThe notion of “filiation” refers to the family relationship between a parent and a child, which place each on ein a family lineage and identify him from the members of his family. Because of its universality, it seemed appropriate to examine how two different legal systems, such as those of civil law and common law , understood it. Referring intuitively to a genetic link between parent and child, the notion of “filiation” could be, at first sight, reduced to a physical aspect. However, the law recognizes that it covers other realities like social and emotional ones. Thus, it reveals a more complex concept. In recent years, a tension appeared between genetic reality, which became available thanks to advances in science, and will, used to base alllegal fictions such as adoption, assisted reproduction and surrogacy. The law seeks to check and balancethese foundations with the child's welfare and public policy.The comparative study of French and English law also revealed a growing dissociation between the notion and its effects. Indeed, the effects can be assigned independently of the legal existence of the link. This dissociation has revealed a more precise one between the status, that is to say the initial link which isattached the effects, and the role, that is to say, the behavior which will receive all or part of the effects of filiation. Then, the effective exercise of this role can re-aggregate the effects of filiation. Thus, it is questioning the notion on its ability to account for changes in the family law
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Sandén, Ulrika. „Sekretess och tystnadsplikt inom offentlig och privat hälso- och sjukvård : ett skydd för patientens integritet“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-45818.
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This thesis focuses on the protection of the patient’s privacy in health care in Sweden. It is crucially important that the patient has confidence in the health care and that patient data are kept secret from other persons and authorities. A patient who is unsure about secrecy and confidentiality may choose not to provide data that could prove necessary for health care personnel to arrive at an accurate diagnosis. Some individuals might even avoid seeking medical help from fear that data may be spread to outsiders. Inadequate protection of sensitive data may lead to the confidence of citizens in health care eventually eroding or vanishing completely. Protection of patient privacy is thus of fundamental importance in this area. In the area of health care, the intention of the legislator is that the regulations regarding secrecy in public health care and confidentiality in private health care will guarantee protection of patient privacy. Secrecy in public health care is regulated mainly in Chapter 25, Section 1 of the Swedish Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act (2009:400). In private health care, confidentiality is regulated mainly in Chapter 6, Section 12, first paragraph, and Section 16 of the Swedish Act on Patient Safety (2010:659). The overall purpose of the thesis is to examine and analyse the legislator’s intentions and the juridical construction regarding the rules of secrecy and confidentiality, from the perspective of patient privacy. The starting point of the thesis is that the patient’s privacy should be strongly protected. One of the main conclusions is that the legal construction cannot be considered to be in accordance with the legislator’s intention that the regulation of patient privacy protection should constitute a strong protection for the patient’s privacy, be comprehensible, clear and easy to apply for health care personnel, as well as being the same in both public and private health care.
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Hill, Mark. „The British North Sea: The Importance Of And Factors Affecting Tax Revenue From Oil Production“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4229.
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The oil industry is the richest and most influential industry in the world. The industry has moved the fates of nations. Oil is required to fight wars and exert power, and the restriction of this energy source is paramount to the restriction of movement, control, and in the end, power. Management of this resource and the tax revenue it generates are of serious strategic importance, both domestically and internationally. Understanding the results of taxation for this important commodity is important to international relations as well. The tax system affects tax revenue, government actions, oil company actions, and the oil supply itself. Each of these is important to international relations.
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Molinari, Claire Marcella. „The environment, intergenerational equity & long-term investment“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:30dd270b-3f0f-4b8b-979e-904af5cb597b.
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This thesis brings together two responses to the question ‘how can the law extend the timeframe for environmentally relevant decision-making?’ The first response is drawn from the context of institutional investment, and addresses the timeframe and breadth of environmental considerations in pension fund investment decision-making. The second response is related to the context of public environmental decision-making by legislators, the judiciary, and administrators. Three themes underlie and bind the thesis: the challenges to decision-making posed by the particular temporal and spatial characteristics of environmental problems, the existence and effects of short-termism in a variety of contexts, and the legal notion of the trust as a means for analysing and addressing problems of a long-term or intergenerational nature. These themes are borne out in each of the four substantive chapters. Chapter III sets out to demonstrate the theoretical potential of pension funds to drive the reduction of firms’ environmental impact, and, focusing particularly on the notion of fiduciary duty, explores the barriers that stand in their way. Chapter IV provides a practical application of the theoretical recommendations outlined in its predecessor. It provides a framework outlining how pension funds might implement a longer term, more sustainable approach to investing. The second half of the thesis, operating in the context of public environmental decision-making, is centred upon a particularly poignant legal notion with respect to the environment and time: the concept of intergenerational equity. Just as the first half of the thesis deals with the timeframes relevant to investment decision-making by pension funds within the bounds of fiduciary duty, largely a private law affair with public implications, the second half of the thesis is concerned with the principle of intergenerational equity as a means for extending the decision-making timeframe of legislative, judicial and administrative decision-makers. As previous analyses of the concept of intergenerational equity provide little insight into its practical implications when applied to particular factual situation, Chapter V sets out the structure of the principle of intergenerational equity as revealed by case law. Chapter VI brings together the issues from the first three papers by conceptualising intergenerational equity in resource management as an issue of long-term investment. Long-term environmental decision-making faces many obstacles. Individual behavioural biases, short-term financial incentive structures, the myopic pressures of the electoral cycle and the tendency of the common law to reinforce the (often shorttermist) status quo all present significant barriers to the capacity of both private and public decision-makers to act in ways that favour the longer term interests of the environment. Nonetheless, this thesis argues that there is reason for hope: drawing upon the three themes that underlie all of the substantive Chapters, it articulates potential legislative changes and recommends the adoption of particular governance structures to overcome barriers to long-term environmental decision-making.
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Pisani, Federico. „Knowledge workers management. Concorrenza e invenzioni nel rapporto di lavoro subordinato: il modello statunitense“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425914.
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Il presente studio affronta gli argomenti della concorrenza e delle invenzioni nel rapporto di lavoro subordinato statunitense. L’attività di ricerca è stata svolta in parte presso la School of Law della Boston University, USA, sotto la supervisione di Micheal C. Harper, professore di diritto del lavoro.
L’argomento presenta una crescente rilevanza, considerato che nella nuova organizzazione produttiva, fondata in gran parte sulla conoscenza globalizzata, al lavoro dipendente si chiede ormai sempre maggiore professionalità, innovazione e creatività. La scelta di esaminare questa tematica dalla prospettiva del “laboratorio USA”, è dovuta al primato di cui tale nazione gode a livello internazionale sul piano economico, scientifico e dell’innovazione dei processi lavorativi, che fanno emergere criticità in altri Paesi probabilmente ancora non avvertite.
Al fine di inquadrare gli istituti giudici menzionati nel modello statunitense, si è reso opportuno dare conto del sistema delle fonti normative negli USA, con particolare focus sul Restatement of Employment Law, cioè la raccolta di principi fondamentali elaborati negli anni dal common law in materia di rapporto di lavoro.
All'esame delle fonti segue la definizione del concetto di lavoratore subordinato (employee) e lavoratore autonomo (independent contractor), necessario per l’inquadramento del campo di applicazione degli obblighi scaturenti dal rapporto di lavoro subordinato, tra cui il duty of loyalty, implicato nel rapporto fiduciario. In tale ambito, si è osservata l’evoluzione giurisprudenziale che ha condotto all'adozione dei criteri relativi alla distinzione in esame, prevalentemente concernenti il giudizio sulla rilevanza degli elementi fattuali determinanti per l’accertamento della subordinazione.
Delineati i contorni della fattispecie di lavoro subordinato, il presente studio affronta la tematica della tipica forma del contratto di lavoro statunitense, il c.d. employment-at-will, cioè il rapporto a libera recedibilità. Tale peculiarità scaturisce dal principio fondamentale per cui le parti non sono vincolate ad alcun obbligo di fornire la motivazione per il licenziamento.
La terza parte del lavoro ha ad oggetto la disciplina della concorrenza del lavoratore effettuata sulla base delle conoscenze acquisite, legalmente o illegalmente, durante il rapporto e le relative tecniche di tutela del datore di lavoro, a fronte della violazione del duty of loyalty, quale obbligo del lavoratore subordinato di esecuzione della prestazione lavorativa nell'interesse esclusivo dell’imprenditore e, conseguentemente, di astensione dal porre in essere condotte pregiudizievoli nei confronti di quest’ultimo. Quanto alle tecniche di tutela esperibili in caso di violazione degli obblighi esaminati, vengono illustrati i rimedi legali e equitativi che il diritto statunitense offre al datore di lavoro.
La parte finale del presente studio si occupa della disciplina relativa alla titolarità dei diritti scaturenti dalle invenzioni sviluppate dai dipendenti nel corso del rapporto di lavoro. In questo senso si sono esaminate le definizioni di “invenzione” e “brevetto” ed il loro rapporto nel contesto della regolamentazione giuslavoristica; si è posta in rilievo la differenza tra invenzione come opera di ingegno e proprietà intellettuale tutelata dal diritto d’autore. Inoltre, si sono osservati i meccanismi sottesi alle norme fondamentali che regolano la materia e la loro convivenza con la libertà contrattuale delle parti e il loro potere di disporre dei suddetti diritti.This work addresses the issues of competition and inventions in the U.S. employment relationships. The research was carried out in part at the Boston University School of Law of, under the supervision of Micheal C. Harper, professor of Labour Law. The selection of the topic is justified in the light of its importance, given that in the new production organization, based largely on globalized knowledge, employees are now increasingly being asked for professionalism, innovation and creativity. The decision to examine this issue from the perspective of the "U.S. laboratory" is due to the primacy that this nation holds at international level on the economic, scientific and innovation of work processes, which bring out critical issues that in other Countries probably have not yet been raised. In order to frame the above-mentioned topics, it has become appropriate to give an account of the system of regulatory sources in the USA, with particular focus on the Restatement of Employment Law, i.e. the collection of fundamental principles developed over the years by common law in the field of employment relationships. The examination of the sources is followed by the definition of the concept of employee and self-employed worker (independent contractor), necessary for the assessment of the application of the obligations arising from the employment relationships, including the duty of loyalty, involved in the fiduciary law. In this context, the evolution of the case law has been observed, as well as the examination of the criteria relating to the distinction between employees and independent contractors, mainly concerning the judgement on the relevance of the factual elements determining the assessment of the existence of an employment relationship. Subsequently, this study addresses the issue of the typical form of the U.S. employment contract, the so-called employment-at-will. This peculiarity is originated from the principle that the parties are not bound by any obligation to provide reasons for termination. The third part of the work has as its object the discipline of competition of the worker carried out on the basis of the knowledge acquired, legally or illegally, during the relationship and the relative legal remedies for the employer, against the violation of the duty of loyalty, intended as an obligation of the employee to perform the work in the exclusive interest of the entrepreneur and, consequently, to refrain from engaging in prejudicial conduct against the company. About the remedies available in the event of breach of the obligations examined, the legal and equitable remedies that U.S. law offers the employer have been explained. The final part of this study deals with the rules governing the ownership of rights arising from inventions developed by employees in the course of their employment. The definitions of "invention" and "patent" and their relationship in the context of employment law has been examined and the difference between invention as a work of genius and intellectual property protected by copyright has been highlighted. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the basic rules governing the subject matter and their coexistence with the contractual freedom of the parties and their power to dispose of these rights have been observed.
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Hsiao, Hsiao-Lin, und 蕭小林. „Policy Studies on the Duty of Police Patrol in Changhua County“. Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90172217513838833844.
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碩士逢甲大學
公共政策所
95
Patrolling is the primary job of the police duties. It achieves a certain degree of effect in preventing and stopping crimes. It has the function of preventing, stopping, and investigating an act of crime. Patrolling can also be the most practiced method of duty for the police officers, and it can be put into joint operation by combining different types of police duties. Also, it is the most practiced strategy of duty during the promotion of special projects, which is demonstrating a highly efficient method of service abilities. Therefore, during the process of patrolling operations, by using the resources provided by the organization and combining with the resources from the public and based on the politics, society, economies, and cultures as well as taking into consideration of the condition of public security of jurisdiction area, area characteristics, traffic conditions, and the duties'' characterizations for planning patrol duties that allow the police officers to be able to use their full abilities of crime fighting in their assigned area and route. Beside of being able to combine neighborhood watching, roadside inspection, and the surveillance of the service area, patrolling service can also create positive relationships between the police and the public to reinforce the neighborhood watch organization in the community connect and create a powerful crime prevention network for maintaining public security. Therefore, patrolling service brings great contribution to the work of maintaining public security.The study is separated into criminology (Rational Choice Theory, Deterrence Theory, Broken Windows Theory), public police theory (rationalism, system theory), and the research method is based on the discussion through referential documentation, the analysis of Secondary data, and personal in-dept interview and the Focus Group Interviewing. Viewpoints and opinions are provided by the police officers with abundant experience of junior-grade field duty, which will be helpful in finding and evaluating the implementation of the present Changhua County police patrolling policies and discussing about the problems in the present operations of public peace keeping. Conclusions and suggestions are made after combining the viewpoints and the analysis of the theories along with field practice, which we hope can become positive references for the police agencies to plan their future strategies on field duties and the maintenance of public safety. The conclusions for the study are listed as follows: I. Conclusions 1. The policies for Changhua County police patrolling duties are practicable. 2. The using of modernized high-tech equipment will be the inevitable trend for the future. 3. Resources provided directly from the public are needed for police patrol duties. 4. Police patrol duties should combine and use different field duty strategies to elaborate high efficiency. 5. Patrolling duties are the core of all police duties; they bring great contributions on preventing crime and surveillance of the jurisdiction area. 6. Patrolling duties have the prevention and threatening of cross-area crimes. 7. Patrolling duties have a strong tie with the promotion of community police work. II. Suggestions 1. The adjustment on the integration and utilization of the power of the civilians should be made flexible to be more compatible with the needs of the social environment. 2. Reinforce the commanding function of the Duty Command Center for increasing the technical abilities of the people on duty. 3. The government should be more generous on the funding for the county (city) police bureau to purchase more patrolling vehicles, maintenance and technological equipments. 4. Adjustments of patrolling areas, routes, and the installment of patrol boxes should be made according to the hotspot for crimes and the condition of public security. 5. Carry out the practice of pre-duty education, and reinforce training lessons to increase the abilities of the police officers on duty. 6. The central government should be active in integrating the resources and the utilization of strategies to construct a perfect maintaining system for keeping public security. (1) Patrolling services should be more active to construct a complete model of planning and operation. (2) The integration and the utilization in the surveillance cameras placed at intersections. (3) Using technological system to construct a safeguard system with Point-line and plane implemented safety network. (4) Giving up selfish departmentalism, and bring full discussions on the system of job responsibility on the jurisdiction areas for adjusting to the opening market with China and the trend of globalization. (5) Promotion of the relationships between the police and the civilians, and effectively using it. (6) Simplify police duties and reduce the practice of assistance duty to effectively increase the effect of police work. (7) Reinforce the function of the strategies for preventing crimes, and make suitable adjustments to the performance management system. (8) The adjustment of police strategy and the vision of maintaining public security in future''s work.
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Hsu, wen-chu, und 許文居. „The Influence of Police Duty E - Command System on Police Duty - A Case Study of Taichung City Police Department“. Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31342940170292794639.
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碩士僑光科技大學
全球運籌管理研究所
98
This research aims to study the influence of “Police Duty E-Command System” on police duty, to construct a set of rapid, safe, stable and multiple-functional safety system, and to simplify the procedure of accepting case report, shorten the report time, strengthen the police dispatching, and combat crimes rapidly. The “Police Duty E-Command System” includes police duty dispatching system, Close Circuit Television system(CCTV), “Stolen Vehicle Detector System” and is combined with advanced technology, such as Global Positioning System(GPS), Geographic Information System(GIS), Data Base Management System (DBMS), Internet, wireless communication system to form a system which can “receive report rapidly ”, “inform quickly”, “command efficiently”, and “arrive quickly”. Through constructing a “Police Duty E-Command System”, the researcher analyzed from the aspects of case reporting, organization, the planning of police duty, and police dispatching. Experts were interviewed to gain the insight into how case report procedure is simplified, how the case receiving time is shortened, how the responsible district is decided, how the organization is combined vertically and horizontally. Through simultaneously commanding, informing the police station of the place where the case takes place, dispatching the police through duty planning, assistance, the post-case dealing, and the case transferring, the police could combat crimes immediately and ensure the public’s life safety, prosperity safety to attain the goal of protecting the public safety and combating the crimes. This study find the influence of police duty for the police duty E-command system by secondary data analysis and expert interviews are: 1.System integration, process simplification and time retrenchment. 2. Fast data transmission and dominate the situation. 3. To find the hot-point through data analysis. 4. To control law and order and traffic incident effectively. 5. To raise the mobility and ability of police duty. 6. To Enhance emergency response capabilities and satisfaction of police duty.
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Yuan, Chieh Kai, und 解凱元. „Research on Duty Planning for Police Station“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/my9vs7.
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碩士中央警察大學
警察政策研究所
106
Abstract Proper duty planning relates to the morale of Police as well as their performance; the suitable arrangement to police stations with fewer policemen even generates the key factor. This research selects two police precincts, Xinzhuang and Xizhi, of New Taipei City Police Department, as the observing objects, and the staffs of their subordinating police stations as well; the actual operations are presented through the empirical research. Discussing the subject, three perspectives should be applied. First is the consideration of internal and external environments of organizations caused by mobile and multiple features of duty; the diversification of crime and the higher demand on security from public also trigger strict request to duty planning for better performance. Besides, public opinions should be concerned while carrying out duty. Second is the strategy of duty and planning model since which assures of best command of police force with flexibility from crime, public requests, to less duty for away from overworking scenario. The final is the dual enhancement on efficiency and efficacy; well planning improves security, public satisfaction, and fulfillment to job. Based on the above mentioned motif from motivations, purposes, to perspectives, this study aims to seek the environmental factors to planning, the better strategy of duty and planning model, and the variables to the final performance through the relevant study and research; which should be able to provide practical data for those relative units in order to be the consideration of paradigm on duty planning and improvement. Keywords：Duty Planning , Police, Policeman, Police Substation, Police Force
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CHUANG, PAO-KUO, und 莊寶國. „The Research on Police Using Weapon on Duty“. Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vyw376.
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許政智. „A Near Field Communication-Based Police Patrol Duty System“. Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j7hf5s.
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碩士中央警察大學
資訊管理研究所
104
Patrol duty is one of the most important police duties. It could increase police visibility, find out the problems actively, crack down on crime and prevent dangers. It is also the most common way of duty for police to execute. Due to the importance of patrol duty, supervisor depends on the supervising management mechanism, to expect the police can actually do his patrol duty, and then prevent the crime. But for now, police still uses traditional patrol duty form signing. In this way, it would reveal a lot of disadvantages, such as: police can edit every patrolled time whenever he wants, signing in advance before he does his patrol, police can sign for the other police, moreover, if someone forgot to sign on the form, he can complete it later, or even the signature is scrawl. In these cases, patrol duty form cannot help supervisor know or recognize whether the police does his patrol duty or not. If it was raining, the patrol duty form might be wet and cause the difficulty of writing, or the word would be too blurry to recognize. Also, when the supervisor needs to check the situation of patrol, then he needs to look over every piece of patrol duty form. This examining procedure can also have some artificial mistakes and cause problems, so that the supervisor cannot realize the situation of patrolling and signing clearly. It would spend more money and other costs to solve these problems. Although some of the police departments recommend to use read-only tag electronic patrol box, which uses read-only tag induction technology. Each police has personal magnetic card. Before patrolling, the magnetic card needs to be inducted by the sensor stick. For patrol duty form signing, the police needs to induct the read-only tag electronic patrol box when the patrol is done. However, when there were too many officers, the personal magnetic card would be too difficult to control, and the magnetic induction coil patrol box is too big and read-only. Also, if the patrol location needs to be changed, the magnetic induction coil can't be recycled and hard to take down. It would be very inconvenient. Moreover, National Police Agency recommends to use QR Code or bar code to be a tag for the electronic patrol box, and having police mobile device to scan the tag. However, they do not aware that using QR Code might be hacked by malware or the bar code could also be copied easily and have the danger of personal information. And it still couldn't prevent that someone signs the patrol duty form for others. This research uses the advantages, such as convenience of Near Field Communication and the fast sensor-speed. And it combines the technologies of global positioning systems and personal biological recognition, to become a police duty patrol systems, which takes 「A Near Field Communication-Based Police Patrol Duty Sytem」. By using this, it can effectively defend that someone signs the form for others. Also, it could be expected to replace the flaws in paper works and electronic patrol duty signing, and pushing supervising, patrolling to be active, being easier for supervisor to check the work and improving the efficiency of patrolling, controlling the situation of patrolling the crime hotspots, and assuring the work of patrol duty.
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Chang, Chih Hsiang, und 張智翔. „A research on improving duty planning in police stations“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73662928906049138884.
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碩士國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
100
In recent years, the influence of rank-and-file policeman overtime working has been in the spotlight in academia. More and more studies show that constant overtime working brings negative impacts on the police, ranging from job stress, physiological effects, family relationship, organization commitment, job satisfaction to working morale, etc. However, few people want to figure out why the police are unable to work only 8 hours a day according to the [Police Services Ordinance]. I have interviewed with some chiefs and police officers in police stations through qualitative research, hoping to find the factors that affect the duty planning in police stations, and a solution to return an 8 hours/day schedule to the rank-and-file policemen. The following are what I discovered in my study: 1. Currently, the working time of the police officers in police stations of Taipei City is 12 hours a day; in general, they work 5 days and take 2 days off. 2. Various demands from different units of the sub-bureau play an important role in affecting duty planning. 3. As far as the chief of police station is concerned, daily overtime duty is necessary, plus, overtime payment is an incentive to the police officers. In the grassroots level’s opinion, the duties should be planned according to actual situations instead of a rigid schedule. 4. The current duty system has negative impacts on physical load, service quality, attitude and family relationship. 5. With a view to returning to what it should be, reducing the burden of police stations, amending the current police services, and reviewing the placement and utilization of staff may be the solution.
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Hsu, Tsung Hsien, und 許宗賢. „Conversion and weigh interactive role of grassroots police officers on duty“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33503645273105898068.
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碩士國立聯合大學
經濟與社會研究所
100
Abstract This article aims to explore through Foucault's disciplinary power theory Yemei Hui gift relationship analysis, to understand the daily work of grassroots police officers. Grassroots police officers, Foucault's disciplinary power theory point of view, with the enclosed space education era from the police academy, a fixed timetable for formal requirements of the law, and informal peer life, the standard method of education, body technology the stringent requirements of the more open space in the transition to become the police (finally formed the a fixed enclosed space), to find a tradeoff survival rules indefinite duty table (i.e., a class table), never regular elastic formal and informal duty life , both fixed process seems to be just the right of re-education to some extent culture very much hope but no time with the physical training, and other characteristics, full of contradictions and the treacherous special career, scattered in the daily duty work details inside. Grassroots police officers must operate through a complex relationship to the efficiency of the work, the content of their work have to contact a lot of people, colored people, therefore, a long time ago, will inevitably develop the face of many people with experience to sophistication. This time, however, it is this vast networks of relationships include the relationship between sequence diversity gift exchange (conversion) will be able to say that logic can be black and white two opposing understand. In short, the primary police face work pressure, and, as the parties to the relationship between network nodes, tools, courier, executors, and can only weigh the profession and maneuvers of all forces to find one acceptable equilibrium point. Keywords: power, relationship, gift-relationship, interactive role, balance, weigh
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洪正諺. „Research on Rights of Police officers Died or Injured On Duty“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nuqwb7.
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碩士中央警察大學
警察政策研究所
106
Due to the high risk while performing duties, police officers often suffer from injuries, disability, and death. The current study aimed at investigating the rights and interests of police officers suffering from injuries, disability, and death while performing duties. Through the analyses of decrees, the researcher discussed the regulations on the pensions of police officers in Police Personnel Management Act, and thus compared to that on other occupations such as military personnel, teachers, special agents and so on. Furthermore, via analyzing the practical cases, the researcher examined the current court’s laws to all types of injuries and death while performing duties, which could further help sort out the benchmarks that can sum up the status of similar cases. Finally, the discussion on the draft of Mainland People's Police Law, the current legal system for injuries and death while performing duties, and the official compensation system in Japan would be included in the study; the researcher then analyzed the advantages, which could be served as the mirror to our country.
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PAN, CHIN-CHIANG, und 潘智強. „How do Taiwanese Police Officers Stay Safe on Duty- A Case Study of Using Police Firearms“. Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6e4x3k.
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碩士中央警察大學
警察政策研究所
107
Abstract The study discusses the safety of Taiwanese police on duty and put emphasis on the usage of the firearms. The researcher’s tried to analyze the cases in which the Taiwanese police have been attacked while on duty and lost their lives for the past few years. Besides, the researcher aims to explore the methods to improve the safety of the police on duty, especially the usage of lethal weapons when the police confront urgent and hazardous situations. Also, the researcher focused on the appropriate timing and the different scenarios for the Taiwanese poilce to use the firearms. The researcher collected plentiful information through literature reviews and empirical studies to learn further the factors that might affect the Taiwanese police before and after the use of the firearms. There are two major reasons for the unnecessary casualties and deaths caused by the Taiwanese police while using the firearms. First, the Taiwanese police officers seldom fully understand the laws and the regulations. Second, the academic education and the on-the-job training are sometimes ineffective. Furthermore, the study analyzed the problems and made some recommendations via court’s judgments and non-prosecution data of local prosecutors office concerning gunshot cases, and hoped to construct the correct and legal way of using firearms and non-fatal instruments to fulfill police tasks. The study suggests that the police authorities strengthen police officers' understanding of legal norms and familiarity with the operation of firearms to advance the safety of police personnel in Taiwan. The purposes of the study are as follows, (1) Discussion on the safety issues of police personnel on duty with case studies related to police gunshots from the perspective of risk managements (2) Exploration of the factors affecting the use of firearms by police officers and recommendations for the police to use guns safely. The study includes five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which clarifies the motives and the purposes of the research, the range of the research and the explanation of the terms； the second chapter is the literature reviews on the use of firearms by Taiwanese police officers； the third chapter is the research methods; the fourth chapter is the research results and discussions; the fifth chapter is the conclusions and suggestions. The researcher analyzed the information obtained from the literature reviews and empirical researches, and tried to draw concrete and feasible conclusions and recommendations, as a specific practice for police personnel to use firearms safely, which could enhance the safety of the police on duty.