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Ruiz, Vasquez J. C. „Colombian police policy : police and urban policing, 1991-2006“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3fc1cf23-5246-4919-978a-6aee375b9a69.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze Colombian police policy with particular reference to the police and urban policing after the promulgation of the Constitution of 1991. This study examines how the Constitution of 1991 has impacted on the configuration, professionalization and institutionalization of the Colombian police. This dissertation concludes that the new Constitution of 1991 was crucial in transforming an insignificant organization into a noteworthy public institution with its own corporate aims and ethos and a certain autonomy regarding the government, parties, ministries and the military. This research is divided into three main parts. The first one will focus on the police as a structure emphasizing the process of formation, development and institutionalization. It dissects the police structure into five aspects: historical configuration, structural organization, personnel, expenditure and controls. This part shows that the current importance of the police in the Colombian institutional landscape in terms of international aid, personnel and budget increase and public exposure has no precedents prior to 1991.The second part will be devoted to the study of the organizational life of the police force stressing the role played by high-ranking officers in improving the image of the police and, more importantly, in creating a vigorous institution difficult to control from outside, but at the same time, not easy to manage internally as a consequence of the distinction existing between high-ranking and low-ranking officers. The final part of this work examines urban and community policing in large urban areas taking the case of Bogotá. It focuses on the role played by the police in its implementation, successes and failures, concluding that the reluctance of the police to adopt these programmes of policing has limited their productive effects on the actual job and indeed the whole organization.
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Hosking, Peter. „Policy Reform and Resistance: A Case Study of Police Pursuit Policy Change in Queensland, Australia“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/413694.
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Police high-speed vehicular pursuits are contentious due to lives lost and property damage resulting from unintended crashes. To reduce pursuit-related trauma, and potential litigation, police jurisdictions have introduced restrictive policies that limit when officers may engage in a pursuit. However, opponents of restrictive pursuit policies believe this results in reduced deterrence, increased criminal offending and dangerous driving practices. This thesis tested these assumptions using a single case study of Queensland, Australia, where the Queensland Police Service (QPS) implemented two restrictive pursuit policy iterations in 2007 and 2011. Five studies sought to establish the policies’ specific aims; whether they were achieved; if there was resistance to the policy reforms; and, if so, what were the rationales for such resistance. The major theoretical contribution of this thesis was to support the notion that Dent and Goldberg’s (1999a; 1999b) Loss Resistance Theory can help explain why police might resist policy reform. Loss Resistance Theory argues that change per se is not the root cause for resistance to performance altering policies, but stakeholders’ perceived losses in terms of their autonomy, status, and independent discretion, resulting from the policy change. Lipsky’s (2010) Discretionary Independence Theory applied to police officers acting as ‘street-level bureaucrats’ (Lipsky, 2010), provided an additional theoretical platform to test policy limitations on officers’ decision-making. Several other theories were derived from the literature and used to assist data collection and provide focus to the analysis. These included Classical Deterrence Theory, as derived from Hobbes (1651), Beccaria (1764/1872) and Bentham (1780/1988), that was tested relative to alterations in offending behaviour. Moore’s Public Value Theory (1995), that explains public acceptance of authority and coercion is judged against citizens’ expectations for justice, fairness, efficiency, and effectiveness, provided an opportunity to explore external policy acceptance and/or resistance. Cohen and Felson’s (1979) Routine Activity Theory proposes that for a crime to be successfully committed, the three necessary elements are a motivated offender, the availability of a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian. The theory was tested by analysis of crime patterns and offending behaviours where police guardianship may have been affected by the policy restrictions. The research began with study 1, a documentary archival search and analysis spanning the pre-policy years from 1989 to 2006, that sought to confirm the intent of Queensland’s restrictive pursuit policies. Applying a One Group Pretest/Posttest Design method, using official QPS data from 2003 to 2015, study 2 then explored changes in pursuit frequencies, and associated trauma, before and after each policy iteration. Study 3 used the same method to test changes in frequency and rate of selected offence categories. Study 4 analysed operational reports to identify policy noncompliance that may infer resistance. And, finally, study 5 analysed interview responses from fifteen operational police officers. Findings from study 1 reveal the primary intent of the policies was to reduce the number of deaths associated with police pursuits. Study 2 found that both restrictive policies reduced pursuit-related trauma, as intended. Crime classes tested in study 3 all showed reductions to varying degrees, except evasion offences, which increased exponentially. Early policy resistance was evident from the results of study 4 but diminished over time. The results of studies 4 & 5 found early resistance to the restrictive policies was predicated on officers’ fears of potential loss to their autonomy, independent decision-making capacity, and operational feasibility. This research established that restrictive police pursuit policies did not contribute to increases in the general road death toll due to any lack of road policing enforcement, as predicted in the literature. And, except for evasion offences, they did not facilitate increased crime where the use of a vehicle is either mandatory or desirable for the successful completion of the offence. With the passing of time, and the negation of pre-empted outcomes, resistance is now largely eliminated. However, police officers reportedly continue to resist applying the evasion offence policy requirements, while in their view prosecutors and magistrates fail to adhere to the relevant legislation. Future researchers may wish to test the findings in an alternative jurisdiction to establish if the results can be equally observed and replicated. However, the findings imply that police administrators contemplating policy reform should focus greater attention and resources on ongoing training investment before and after policy implementation. Their goal should be to ensure officers are thoroughly versed in the organization’s aims, so that policies may be fully embraced by operational and prosecutorial staff, while assuaging any perceived losses from the outset, particularly to officers’ status and authority.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Crim & Crim Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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McKinney, Lindsey. „DEPARTMENTAL POLICY EFFECT ON THE POLICE-MEDIA RELATIONSHIP“. Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885644091&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Applegate, Richard John. „Controlling the police : local autonomy in policy and practice“. Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1061.
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This thesis assesses the influence of The Home Office, Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulaiy, the Association of Chief Police Officers, the Audit Commission, the Local Police Authority, and the Chief Constable on local policy makers and impleinenters within the Devon & Cornwall Constabiilary. It is based on five policy areas: the structmre of the organisation. The Citizens' Charter, Annual Policing (now Performance) Plans, Domestic Violence Policy, and Equal Opportunities Policy. Unlike previous research, it brings together the issues of policy and practice at all levels of the organisation through interviews with senior managers in the Devon & Cornwall Constabulary and members of the Local Police Authority, and questionnaires to front line police officers; as well as analysis of Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary reports and Police Authority Policing Plans, and recomniendations made in Home Office Circulars and Audit Commission reports. The research was carried out prior to the infroduction of Crime and Disorder Partnerships and Crime Audits, required by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. Both policy makers and policy implementers believed that there was a sfrong influence from all the key players in the policy areas examined, with the exception of the Association.of Chief Police Officers arid the Local Police Authority: There is-no'^yidence; to suggest that there has been any change in the power relationship between the Chief Constable and the Police Authority. For police officers directly iiivolved in the implementation process. The Citizens' Charter and Annual Policing (now Performance) Plans had made little differerice to the way they carried out their day-to-day work. In these more generic policy areas they saw less influence from the key players but perceived greater influence coming from consumers, public opinion, colleagues and immediate supervisors. In the tighter policy area of domestic violence, where there is greater top down confrol, the mfluence of the key players was the sfrongest, and local autonomy, both in policy and practice was hard to find. The police organisatiori retains many of the attiibutes of a classical bureaucracy and an ideal form of organisational stincture has yet to be found.
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Allard, Frank Dennis. „Police probationer training : policy and practice an historical review“. Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5383.
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The apparent lack of any previous work focusing on Police Probationer Training was the impetus behind this research. This very important area of police training is undergone by all officers and their probationary period lasts two years. Numerous reviews and amendments have taken place over the years but do not seem to have been documented in any structured way. The aim of this research was to discover how this training evolved, the reasons for change, and the way it has been implemented. Finally the present day system was examined in detail, compared with the experience of older officers and other systems. Method Obtaining the information has proved a task of detective work, examining numerous minutes, reports and documents produced within and without the police service. Field work was carried out throughout Lincolnshire Police and by visits to Ryton Police Training Centre and the central Planning Unit at Harrogate (now renamed as Training Support, Harrogate). Questionnaires were circulated to officers undergoing the training, officers who attended earlier courses and the trainers themselves. These were followed up by selected interviews. Training delivery was witnessed at Ryton Police Training Centre and within the Lincolnshire Force. Conclusions The results of this research indicate that the training given to initial recruits within the police service is as good as it has ever been. It is, however, cost led and, although the two year probationary period is somewhat euphemistically referred to as a training period, it is much more beside as, once the foundation course of 31 weeks is completed, probationers become a resource deployed in much the same way as their experienced colleagues. The post foundation phase of training is delivered in force with little or no central control and consequently the standard of training is not consistent. The thesis traces the development but, owing to lack of access to, or simply nonexistence, of some documents it cannot be claimed to be absolutely complete.
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Lai, Kam-biu Billy, und 黎錦彪. „Policy analysis and policy windows: fire fighting policy in Hong Kong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196588X.
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Lai, Kam-biu Billy. „Policy analysis and policy windows : fire fighting policy in Hong Kong /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21037875.
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Leach, Barbara Clare. „From policy process to policy impact : policy instruments for sustainable waste management“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368993.
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Giannakopoulos, Theophilos John. „Multi-Decision Policy and Policy Combinator Specifications“. Digital WPI, 2012. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/166.
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Margrave is a specification language and analysis tool for access control policies with semantics based in order-sorted logic. The clear logical roots of Margrave's semantics makes policies specified in the Margrave language both machine analyzable and relatively easy for users to reason about. However, the decision conflict resolution declaration and policy set features of Margrave do not have semantics that are as cleanly rooted in order-sorted logic as Margrave policies and queries are. Additionally, the current semantics of decision conflict resolution declarations and of policy sets do not permit users to take full advantage of the multi-decision capabilities of Margrave policies.
The purposes of this thesis are (i) to provide a unified extension to the semantics for policies and policy combination, (ii) to cleanly support decision conflict resolution mechanisms in a general way within those semantics and (iii) to provide insight into the properties of policy combination and decision conflict resolution for multi-decision policies in general. These goals are achieved via the realization that policy combinators may be treated as policies operating within environments extended with the results of the policies to be combined, allowing policy combinators to be defined as if they were policies. The ability to treat policy combinators as policies means that users' current understanding of policies can be easily extended to policy combinators. Additionally, the tools that Margrave has for supporting policies can be leveraged as the Margrave language and analysis tool grow to provide fuller support for policy combination and rule conflict resolution declarations.
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Ellis, Lacy Kristine. „Policemoms: Perceptions of Motherhood and Policy in Ohio Police Organizations“. ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2649.
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Police organizations have a problem retaining female police officers, especially those who are mothers. Women leave the policing profession at higher rates during childbearing and child-rearing years than during any other time in their career. Using feminist theory as a foundation, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to gain a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of policewomen who are mothers and identify factors that contribute to poor retention rates during childbearing and child-rearing years. Data were collected through 11 interviews with policewomen, who were also mothers, in Ohio. These data were analyzed using Saldana's 2-cycle coding procedure followed by thematic analysis. The findings included a set of patterns that provided insight into the reasons why female police officers are more difficult to retain. These patterns included: (a) challenges related to a double standard associated with women being primary caregivers, (b) psycho-social changes after children including hypervigilance on the job, (c) fear of reassignment or termination, and (d) the perception that departmental policy fails to address the unique needs of female officers. Together, the findings suggest that police departments today have yet to fully understand the challenges that policewomen who are mothers face on a daily basis. The implications for social change include reformed policies and practices that could contribute to the advancement and professionalization of the policing profession as a whole by changing the traditionally masculine organizational culture and promoting a more gender-neutral environment, thus allowing communities to benefit from having a more diverse police force.
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Burke, Patrick Joseph. „Policy learning and policy change : advocacy groups and key moments in Irish homelessness policy“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554345.
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This dissertation identifies three key moments of policy change in the area of homelessness in Ireland. The key change moments identified point to specific moments when official government policy in relation to homelessness explicitly changed. The first moment was the enactment of the 1988 Housing Act in which for the first time the state defined and recognised that homelessness. Second, the publication in 2000 of Homelessness - An Integrated Strategy - the first national integrated strategy on homelessness. At this moment the state formally recognised the multi- faceted nature of homelessness and the reality that a co-ordinated response was needed. Third, the publication of The Way home: A Strategy to Address Adult Homelessness in Ireland 2008-2013, which sets out 2010 as the target date for the elimination of rough sleeping and long term homelessness. I use Sabatier's Advocacy Coalition Framework as the theoretical framework for my analysis. Having identified the key moments of policy change in the area of homelessness in Ireland the critical questions of my dissertation emerge. First, what drives these moments? I identify a number of societal factors which drive the moments of policy change. First, the increased numbers and visibility of homelessness, second, the growing heterogeneity of the homelessness, third, the growing consensus on the need for a definition of homelessness, fourth, the growing influence of the non-profit sector as advocates and fifth, the existence of a culture of policy- orientated learning. The second critical question asks what characterizes the development of non-profit sector thinking and advocacy on homelessness. I note first that non-profits are united at the level of a core belief that everybody ought to have access to adequate housing, second, non-profits successfully garner support from the public through their campaigning work, third, there is a movement from the individualistic versus structuralist debate on the causes of homelessness, fourth, the sector has a deep knowledge of the many nexus between homelessness and other social issues, fifth, the sector constructs itself as 'the expert' on homelessness and a necessary partner to government. The third critical question explores the nature of the policy orientated learning in the lead up to these critical moments. I note that first, policy orientated learning is incremental, second, policy orientated learning is evidence based, third, policy orientated learning exhibits a deep commitment to a core belief and fourth, that is non conflictual at the level of this core belief. In conclusion the dissertation presents a number of recommendations which arise from the reached.
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Kanda, Daniel Stanley. „Optimal fiscal policy propagation of monetary policy shocks“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35965.pdf.
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Sauter, Raphael. „EU energy policy : agenda dynamics and policy change“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2529/.
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This thesis analyses EU energy policy from a comparative agenda-setting perspective providing new theoretical and empirical insights into EU energy policy-making. Although two of the founding treaties of the European Communities covered the coal and nuclear sectors, the European Union has struggled ever since to establish itself in the field of energy policy. In particular, it failed to include an explicit Community competence on energy in Community primary law in subsequent treaty revisions – with the exception of the new Title XX on Energy introduced with the Lisbon Treaty. Nonetheless the European Union has established itself as an important player in European energy policy, as reflected in EU directives on energy market liberalisation, energy efficiency standards and targets for renewable energy sources. At the same time, policymakers at various levels, business, NGOs and experts agree that more EU energy policy is needed to face current and future transnational policy challenges, notably, climate change and energy security. This has led to numerous studies with policy recommendations on EU level action in the field of energy policy. By contrast, very few studies have analysed the drivers and barriers of EU energy policy-making and factors that can explain policy change and stability. Yet a better understanding of EU energy policy-making is a necessary precondition for the development of appropriate policy recommendations. This thesis provides an analysis of EU energy policy-making by identifying factors that can explain change and stability from an agenda-setting perspective. Drawing upon EU studies and agenda-setting literature the analysis distinguishes between two different agenda-setting routes, high and low politics, along the key stages of an issue career: initiation, specification, expansion and entrance. It accounts for the following key variables in EU agenda-setting: contextual factors, policy entrepreneurs, issue definition, and institutional venues. These are applied to two contrasting case studies of EU energy policy: nuclear energy and renewable energy. The study shows how and why Community initiatives failed in an institutionally ‘strong' EU energy policy arena under Euratom, but succeeded in the field of renewable energy under the EC Treaty.
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Buffin, David Gareth. „UK pesticides policy - a policy paradigm in transition?“ Thesis, City University London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511776.
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Burke, Sabrina 1970. „A policy design analysis of federal forest policy“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291717.
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The intent of this thesis is to apply policy design analysis to federal forest policy in the United States. This thesis describes alternative policy analysis frameworks and argues that a policy design approach is the most useful for analyzing federal forest policy and for understanding the intense social conflict which surrounds forest policy today. This paper will argue that present conflicts stem from the inability of past forest policy designs to simultaneously pursue the important social goals of economic development, ecological sustainability and social democracy. What is needed is an approach to forest policy which can address and ameliorate these conflicts. This will require several changes in the underlying assumptions of natural resource management. Ecosystem management, as an alternative approach to forest policy, will be discussed and analyzed in order to identify in what ways forest policy may change and to speculate about the implications of these changes.
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Mitchell, Joshua L. „Foundations for Policy Innovations: Exploring Local Policy Diffusion“. OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/630.
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This dissertation examines various internal factors within a county and external factors outside the county that influence policy adoption. Particular attention is given to external factors, or the possible ways that counties respond to the policies of their neighbors. This study focuses on the multiple external processes involved that contribute to policy adoption. These include policy diffusion, lagged diffusion, and conditional diffusion. These processes are used to test hypotheses that will better explain how counties react to their neighbors' policy adoptions. Unlike most studies that examine only one process, multiple processes are tested to determine if they vary across different policies. This study explores Tax Incremental Financing districts, smoking bans, and the sales tax rates of counties in the state of Missouri. Missouri is politically, economically, and demographically similar to other states, therefore making it a sufficient case for this study. I find that different processes are involved in policy adoption, and that counties mainly react to one another through economic competition. I also find that certain county-level characteristics influence a county's likelihood of adopting policies. These findings will enable scholars to better determine the multiple processes involved in county policy adoption.
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Choi, Sung-Mo. „A variant theory of policy implementation : policy content, policy context, and implementation style in Korea /“. The Ohio State University, 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31238785.html.
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Leary, Mary A. „Policy intersections or policy chasms state elder mobility policy, practice and long-term care reform /“. Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3139.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 169. Thesis director: Laurie A. Schintler. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 7, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-168). Also issued in print.
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Chondroleou, Georgia. „Policy networks in comparative perspective : media policy networks and regulation policy in Britain and Greece“. Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273823.
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Robinson, Julie. „Policy-making in the European Union : the role of policy networks in EU environmental policy“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6976.
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Research into the European Union (EU) increasingly focuses on the policy-making processes which take place within the EU, as distinct from trying to explain or predict the broad phenomenon of European integration. This thesis adopts a similar focus on EU policy-making. Policy-making in the EU is examined using a policy network approach. The main aim of the thesis is to assess how useful the policy network approach is as a means of explaining EU policy processes and policy outputs. The policy network approach is therefore applied not simply as a mechanism for describing patterns of interest intermediation but, rather, as a tool for explaining a new form of network governance in the EU. The thesis therefore aims to test the claims of the policy network literature that it can better account for policy-making in the EU than can more traditional approaches derived either from international relations (IR) or comparative politics (CP). The thesis applies a policy network approach to the study of EU environmental policy-making. Three case studies - on air quality, landfill and drinking water legislation - are examined, in order to assess whether a policy network approach can help explain the development of EU policy in these areas. Overall the thesis finds a useful role for policy network analysis in helping to explain EU policymaking and policy outputs. At the same time, however, the thesis confirms the limitations of the policy network approach at EU-level. Policy network analysis must therefore be combined with both IR and CP approaches in order to gain a fuller understanding of how EU policy is made.
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Bayly, Martin. „Imagining Afghanistan : British foreign policy and the Afghan polity, 1808-1878“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/imagining-afghanistan(adcfe8fa-9244-4e11-874b-b93c37c55785).html.
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This thesis seeks to provide a cultural history of Anglo-Afghan relations during the nineteenth century. Specifically, it explores the manner in which British perceptions of Afghanistan provided the understandings that guided policy decisions. These understandings did not consist purely of ideas driven by strategic logic. Rather, throughout the nineteenth century, building on the initial works of European travelers, the British developed, refined, and acted upon an amorphous and contested ‘idea’ of Afghanistan; one that was more than simply the function of great power geopolitics. The sources informing this imagined entity were cultural, intellectual, moral, political, and social-scientific, as much as they were emotional. It was an idea, or collection of ideas, that would evolve and become trammeled by events, and ultimately leave a legacy that persists to this day. This thesis aims to make two contributions: firstly, to recover Anglo-Afghan relations from a historiography dominated by great power relations, specifically Anglo-Russian relations and the ‘great game’. Secondly, to contribute to the wider debate on the contributions that imperial history can offer to the International Relations discipline. The thesis develops in three sections. The first section examines how British official knowledge of Afghanistan was constructed through the experience of early British explorers and their published travel accounts, focusing in particular on the works of Mountstuart Elphinstone, Alexander Burnes, and Charles Masson. The second section looks at how key policy decisions leading to the first Anglo-Afghan war were shaped by the knowledge provided by an Afghanistan ‘knowledge community’. The third section on ‘exception’ considers the impact of the first Anglo-Afghan war on diplomatic relations, and charts the emergence of a particular ‘idea’ of Afghanistan mediated by the intellectual and cultural influences of a particular frontier mentality.
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Gnocchi, Stefano. „Essays on Monetary Policy, Wage Bargaining and Fiscal Policy“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7385.
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Los modelos Neo-Keynesianos se han impuesto en el análisis de las políticas monetaria y fiscal óptimas. Esta literatura no considera la interacción estratégica entre los agentes económicos y las autoridades de la política económica. En esta tesis, se identifican dos problemas interesantes que no pueden abstraerse de este asunto: las implicaciones de política monetaria en una economía con grandes sindicatos; el mix de política monetaria y fiscal óptimas en una unión monetaria. El primer capitulo muestra cómo la política monetaria determina el nivel de producción y ocupación en el largo plazo, cuando los salarios se fijan en el marco de contratos colectivos. El segundo capítulo deriva la política monetaria óptima en este contexto. El tercer capitulo identifica la política monetaria óptima en una unión monetaria, cuando los gobiernos eligen el gasto público bajo discreción.
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Kupunia, Teona. „Anti-Trafficking Policy Formulation in Georgia Policy Network Analysis“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8404.
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“Trafficking” is not a thing. It is not an event. You cannot point a finger at it or take a photograph of it. “Trafficking” is a convenient, simple and useful label attached not to a single phenomenon but to a complex series of states and events that individually may or may not be harmful or wrong.”1Increasing attention has been given to the issue of trafficking in human beings worldwide because it is a gross violation of human dignity and human rights. Hundreds of thousands of women and children are now commodities sold on an international market to be exploited in prostitution, pornography and forced labour. No country is immune because trafficking is a problem that goes beyond national borders. This thesis focuses on the example of one country, namely Georgia, and its position in the fight against trafficking in human beings. The thesis employs a qualitative research strategy and a case study research design. As a developing country, Georgia greatly depends on assistance from various stakeholders from the international community and local civil society. Thus, the thesis examines a network of cooperation for the formulation of anti-trafficking policy with the help of foreign governments, international organizations and local non-governmental organizations. The conclusions drawn from the conducted research can be summarized as follows: anti-trafficking policy is a specific policy area where issue experts having knowledge about various aspects of this phenomenon count as much as establishments possessing political, economic and organizational power. Thus, anti-trafficking policy formulation and development in Georgia can serve as an example of an issue network.
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Narain, Nigmendra. „Canada's India policy, 1947-1997, the emerging policy agenda“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22259.pdf.
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Keough, Erin M. „Telecommunications policy communities and policy options for rural areas“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23150.pdf.
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Scobie, Willow. „Disciplining the workshy?, social policy constructs the policy subject“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ57685.pdf.
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Valenca, Marcio Moraes. „Brazilian housing policy (1980-1992) : political vs. policy objectives“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360591.
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Scobie, Willow Carleton University Dissertation Sociology and Anthropology. „Disciplining the workshay? Social policy constructs the policy subject“. Ottawa, 2000.
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Dolling, Helen. „US patent policy as a beggar-thy-neighbour policy“. Thesis, Dolling, Helen (2011) US patent policy as a beggar-thy-neighbour policy. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2011. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/22469/.
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The United States of America (US) has founded its patent policy on the basis that stronger patent protection engenders more innovation (US Patent Principle). The US Patent Principle overemphasises private rights at the expense of social benefit. Patent systems are intended to promote innovation and the public interest. However, the expansion of the US Patent Principle and US patent policy has had a negative effect on global innovation and development.
The US Patent Principle contradicts the principles of trade liberalisation. Trade liberalisation has been a central feature of international trade and law since the end of World War Two (WWII), largely due to the influence ofthe US, which has been the main advocate of trade liberalisation principles. The trade liberalisation doctrines condemn policies that encompass "beggar-thy-neighbour" protectionist policies, because of the detrimental effects such policies had on the global economy between the end of World War I (WWI) and WWII. A beggar-thy-neighbour policy is an economic strategy adopted by one country to enhance domestic welfare which can only be realised at the expense of other countries.
This article discusses the beggar-thy-neighbour effect of US patent policy domestically and international. In general the US domestic patent regime is effectively a beggar-thy-neighbour policy, because it benefits domestic inventors and large US multinational corporations at the expense of other foreign inventors. The US-led harmonisation of global patent law is also a beggar-thy-neighbour policy, in that at the expense of the developing nations it principally enhances the welfare of the profits of large multinational corporations, most of which are headquartered in the U.S.
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Modenesi, Bernardo Andrade Lyrio. „Bounds on policy relevant parameters with discrete policy variation“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13857.
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When estimating policy parameters, also known as treatment effects, the assignment to treatment mechanism almost always causes endogeneity and thus bias many of these policy parameters estimates. Additionally, heterogeneity in program impacts is more likely to be the norm than the exception for most social programs. In situations where these issues are present, the Marginal Treatment Effect (MTE) parameter estimation makes use of an instrument to avoid assignment bias and simultaneously to account for heterogeneous effects throughout individuals. Although this parameter is point identified in the literature, the assumptions required for identification may be strong. Given that, we use weaker assumptions in order to partially identify the MTE, i.e. to stablish a methodology for MTE bounds estimation, implementing it computationally and showing results from Monte Carlo simulations. The partial identification we perfom requires the MTE to be a monotone function over the propensity score, which is a reasonable assumption on several economics' examples, and the simulation results shows it is possible to get informative even in restricted cases where point identification is lost. Additionally, in situations where estimated bounds are not informative and the traditional point identification is lost, we suggest a more generic method to point estimate MTE using the Moore-Penrose Pseudo-Invese Matrix, achieving better results than traditional methods.
A estimação de parâmetros relevantes no contexto de intervenções políticas, também conhecidos como efeitos de tratamento, enfrenta diversos problemas práticos como o viés relacionado ao mecanismo de atribuição do status de tratamento. Adicionalmente, efeitos heterogênos na literatura de Avaliação de Impactos é mais comum que efeitos homogêneos. Em situações nas quais estes problemas estão presentes, a estimação do Efeito Marginal de Tratamento (MTE) emprega o método de variáveis instrumentais para contornar o viés de seleção ao tratamento, obtendo ao mesmo tempo efeitos heterogêneos. Mesmo que a literatura identifique pontualmente este parâmetro, as hipóteses por trás da identificação são costumeiramente restritivas. Neste trabalho pretende-se afrouxar as hipóteses vigentes na literatura de modo a obter identificação parcial do MTE, requerendo apenas monotonicidade do mesmo ao longo das diferentes propensões ao tratamento, o que é comum em diversos exemplos da literatura econômica. Simulações de Monte Carlo são performadas, resultando em limites para o MTE que se mostram informativos, mesmo em situações restritas nas quais a tradicional identificação pontual é perdida. Complementarmente, em situações quando a identificação parcial não é informativa e a tradicional ponto identificação é perdida, propomos a ponto identificação utilizando a matrix pseudo inversa de Moore-Penrose. Esta metodologia prescinde da hipótese de monotonicidade e resulta em melhores estimativas quando comparada aos métodos tradicionais.
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Adriansyah, Yasmi. „The Role of Policy Entrepreneurs in Indonesia's Foreign Policy“. Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149056.
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This thesis is primarily concerned with how and why policy
entrepreneurs succeed in promoting their ideas or policy
proposals. In examining this, the thesis uses the case of
Indonesia’s foreign and domestic policies regarding the
protection of its own migrant workers who work abroad,
particularly with the ratification of the 1990 United Nations
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers
and Members of Their Families (CMW). There are three central
questions that this thesis examines: (1) To what extent were the
policy entrepreneurs important in shaping or playing roles in
Indonesia’s foreign policy regarding the protection of its
migrant workers and who were the main policy entrepreneurs?; (2)
How did these policy entrepreneurs attempt to ensure that their
policy proposals were adopted or their ideas heard?; and (3) Why
were the policy entrepreneurs successful in promoting their
ideas?
The thesis argues that the protection of Indonesian migrant
workers has become a pressing issue in the context of nation’s
foreign and domestic policies. This can be seen from the decision
of Indonesia’s Kementerian Luar Negeri (Ministry of Foreign
Affairs) in 2002 to establish a special directorate to address
the issue, namely the Directorate for the Protection of
Indonesian Citizens and Legal Agencies. Nonetheless, despite the
establishment of this directorate, protection from this
institution was still viewed as relatively poor since there were
still numerous high-profile cases involving Indonesian migrant
workers in cases related to torture and even some resulting in
death. Recent policies developments, spurred by increasing
democratisation, can be viewed as an improvement. This is
demonstrated by Indonesia’s decision to ratify the CMW in 2012.
With regard to this important decision, my empirical analysis
showed that there were at least two categories of policy
entrepreneurs that played important roles in influencing the
decision: key figures operating within the important civil
society organisations who worked under the umbrella movement
People’s Alliance for the Ratification of 1990 Convention
(ARRAK 90) and several elected members of the Dewan Perwakilan
Rakyat (DPR – Indonesia’s House of Representatives).
Overall, the thesis argues that policy entrepreneurs were
successful if: (1) they advocated cogent policy proposals; (2)
these proposals were based on normative principles; and (3) they
promoted their ideas with persistence. Each of these three
factors is examined in the case studies. In testing the notion of
persistence, the thesis measures activities such as: conducting a
series of demonstrations; writing papers; and holding lobbying
luncheons or dinners.
The thesis concludes that there were two success factors that
brought Indonesia’s foreign policy shift from non-ratification
to ratification: coalition-building and advocacy persistence. In
coalition-building, policy entrepreneurs believed that the
emergence of ARRAK 90 significantly transformed the policy
context. Working in coalition, policy entrepreneurs undertook
continuous activities in terms of substantive work,
demonstrations, and lobbying. As the policy context changed and
window of opportunity presented themselves, policy entrepreneurs
demonstrated enormous persistence in presenting their ideas. In
this context, the policy entrepreneurs continuously pushed their
demands, writing to influence public opinion, conducting various
demonstrations for the purpose of raising public awareness,
seizing government attention, and being persistent in demanding
the adoption of their proposals. All these factors, particularly
coalition-building and persistence, answer the primary questions
of this thesis: to what extent were policy entrepreneurs
important in policy change, how did they achieve change, and why
were policy entrepreneurs successful in promoting their policy
proposals?
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DEAK, SZABOLCS. „Essays on fiscal policy: calibration, estimation and policy analisys“. Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4054119.
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CORSI, MATTEO. „Policy-making and policy assessments with partially ordered alternatives“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/945799.
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The present work collects three essays on social choice and decision-making in the presence of multiple objectives and severe informational limitations. When feasible alternatives must be ordered according to their performance under various criteria, it is typically necessary to make use of a specific functional relation and assume the implied rates of substitution between scores in different criteria. In the special case of collective choice and voting, rather than having proper rates of substitution, each individually preferred ordering of the alternatives is usually weighted according to its frequency in the population. Both decision frameworks imply the availability of extensive information about such functional relation and the proper weights of each criterion or must acknowledge a vast and arbitrary discretion to those in charge of resolving the decision process. The alternative approach herein discussed consists in applying the Pareto criterion to identify Pareto-superior alternatives in each pairwise comparison, a procedure that easily produces an incomplete ordering. Then, applying a tool of Order Theory, a complete ordering is identified from the linear extensions of the partially ordered set derived from the Pareto criterion. The claim is that this method highlights conflicts in value judgements and in incomparable criteria, allowing to search for a conflict-mitigating solution that doesn’t make assumptions on the reciprocal importance of criteria or judgements. The method is actually a combination of existing but unrelated approaches in Social Choice Theory and in Order Theory and provides outcomes with interesting properties. The essays present, respectively, an axiomatic discussion of the properties of this approach and two applications to policy issues.
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Mohanta, Tapan Kumar. „Industrial policy of India : a study of public policy“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/227.
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Rattanasak, Thanyawat Social Sciences & International Studies Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. „Electricity generation and distribution in Thailand: policy making, policy actors and conflict in the policy process“. Publisher:University of New South Wales. Social Sciences & International Studies, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43785.
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Many analysts have attempted to develop a systematic approach towards understanding the public policy framework in Thailand, and the impact of policies on Thai society and the environment. However, approaches so far have been limited in scope, and little has been done to investigate Thailand's electricity development policy approach, and its impact on society and natural resources in Thailand. This thesis contributes to filling this knowledge gap through undertaking an analysis of the development of Thailand's electricity industry power generation policy, its institutions and the policy process. It also examines the policy actors working within the process, and their roles, power and influence, factors that have shaped the distinctive characteristics of the electricity industry in Thailand today, an industry that is being confronted by increased opposition to its development from a range of community groups concerned with adverse environmental and social impacts on it. My research here uses Historical Institutionalism and Policy Network Analysis to guide the investigation. A qualitative research methodology, including the examination of documentary evidence and the interviewing of 25 key informants, was used to improve our knowledge of the policy process, and to reveal the nature of the conflicts that have emerged within the Thai policy-making bureaucracy, a bureaucracy that controls the electricity industry, and between these policy actors, the elected and military governments, and other parts of the Thai community. My research found that the development of Thailand's electricity generation policy has been complex; influenced bysocio-economic and political factors, as well as by external factors such as conditionalities imposed by foreign governments and multinational lending agencies. These factors have constrained the political institutions and political elites who play a key role in setting the rules for the restructuring of the industry. As Thailand has developed to become more democratic, the emergence of new groups of policy-makers, such as elected-politicians and civil society, has brought about a change in electricity policy direction, and in the structure of the industry. The research identified four key groups of policy actors participating in the Thai electricity policy arena, including first the 'old energy aristocrats'; officials in Electricity Generation Authority of Thailand (EGAT) who established the industry. They were followed by the officials in Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO) who had a more commercial orientation and who challenged the earlier ideas, leading to proposals to privatize the industry. Civic Society Organisations (CSOs) emerged in the 1970s to challenge the large energy projects proposed by the Government, those supported by elected-politicians, particularly the politicians from Thai Rak Thai Party that tried to take control of the industry for their own ends. The TRT interventing in the industry after it came to power in the 1990s. Each of these policy participants developed their own discourses to influence policy-making and public opinion. To reveal the nature of the challenges faced in developing the electricity industry in Thailand, this thesis focuses on a number of case studies of large electricity development projects, including the Nam Choan and Pak Mun Dam Projects, the Prachub Kirikhan Power Plant Projects, and the Wiang Haeng Coal Mine Development Project. My studies reveal evidence of the significant negative impacts that these projects had and continue to have, on the communities and environment adjacent to them, and on Thai society more generally. These problems emerged due to the fact that the policy institutions were, and still are, dominated by technocrats and political elites, with limited public participation in either the policy decisions made, or the policy development process. My thesis concludes that conflicts in relation to the electricity industry policy process are likely to grow in future years, and so makes a number of suggestions as to how these issues might be addressed.
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Dyson, Philip Thomas Adrian. „The politics of German defence policy : policy leadership, Bundeswehr reform and European defence and security policy“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1778/.
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This thesis is a study of the role of policy leadership in German defence and security policy between 1990 and 2002, with particular reference to reform of the Bundeswehr. It situates this case study in the framework of a set of analytical perspectives about policy change derived from public policy theory, arguing that public policy theory has either underestimated policy leadership or failed to discriminate different leadership roles, styles and strategies. The author rejects the dominant contextualist and culturalist approach to leadership in studies of German defence and security policy in favour of an interactionist approach that stresses the dialectical interaction between policy skills and strategic context. The case study also shifts the focus in studies of policy leadership in Germany away from a preoccupation with the Chancellor to the role of ministerial and administrative leadership within the core executive. The thesis illustrates the strongly self-referential nature of Bundeswehr reform, despite adaptational pressures from Europeanisation and 'NATO-isation', and the domestic politics of base closures. It also shows how domestic macro-political arrangements predispose leadership roles in German defence and security policy towards brokerage and veto playing rather than towards entrepreneurship.
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Chin-Yee, Simon. „Defining climate policy in Africa : Kenya's climate change policy processes“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/defining-climate-policy-in-africa-kenyaas-climate-change-policy-processes(3b7440d0-7f08-4e87-b47d-ea4ad0a56d50).html.
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This thesis seeks to investigate what shapes climate change policies in Kenya. Using Peter Haas' concept of usable knowledge, it argues the need to move beyond conventional perspectives on knowledge and power and provides a framework for understanding what knowledge and mechanisms are usable for policy makers. I argue that Kenyan climate policy is shaped by the interaction of knowledge and power across three crucial levels of influence - global, regional and national. As climate change forces us to rethink how we combine economic policies with environmental realities in Africa, each level encompasses distinct policy narratives where critical actors have an impact on national climate change policy. First, I argue that the standards, norms and regulations established by the global climate regime are directly reflected in national climate strategies of African countries, not only in terms of diplomatic moves to adhere to commitments made, but also in respect to benefiting from international mechanisms put in place to aid developing countries. Second, I examine the One Voice, One Africa narrative. This looks at the rise of the African Group of Negotiators within the global climate regime and their ability to influence Kenyan policy. Third, Kenya's climate change policy is shaped by the interaction of economic, political, and environmental constructs in national policy-making. The principle goal of this thesis is to open African environmental scholars and climate change policy analysts to a rigorous and flexible questioning of how climate policy processes operate in the African context.
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Tsang, Lam-po Ivan. „The establishment of the Police Cadet School a question of youth policy? /“. Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35320023.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Scarman Centre for the Study of Public Order, University of Leicester in association with School of Professional and Continuing Education, University of Hong Kong, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-78) Also available in print.
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Weiss, Steffen. „The German Macro Polity : essays on party identification, policy preferences, and elections“. Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.571698.
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The Macro Polity introduced the study of elections in context and revealed a systematic interplay of voters and parties over time. Adapting the macro polity model to the multiparty system of Germany, the following papers indicate that dynamic representation is not limited to majoritarian systems. Adapting the concepts to the German system and developing time-series for macropartisanship and policy mood, this thesis presents an integrated dynamic model of the German democratic system: Parties are changing their platforms over time, and these changes are found to be driven by gains and losses in their vote shares in the last election. These changes in the vote distribution are linked to the changing public policy mood. As the electorate prefers more liberal or conservative policies, the change in policy mood is reflected in the vote share of the parties of the political left and right. Changes in public policy preferences are tracked back to fundamental economic forces making the electorate prefer more liberal policies depending on the state of the economy. Linking these single parts together over time results in a model of dynamic representation. The state of the economy and confidence in its future influences the partisan distribution of the public and its taste for liberalism. These influence the vote shares parties receive, which in turn makes parties adapt to the changed times by adapting the policies they offer to voters. This dynamic interplay is found to also work in the German multiparty context.
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Ho, Sai-him Benny, und 何世謙. „An analysis of the policy on investigating complaints against the HongKong police“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965532.
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Estridge, Lydia Margaret. „Governing domestic violence : 'doing' government, police realities and feminisms in policy activities“. Thesis, Open University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398002.
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Kizmaz, Efsun. „The relationship between Turkish defence industry policy and foreign policy“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606264.
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This research project focuses over the relationship between Turkey's defence industry policies and foreign policy. It investigates the connections between Turkey's political relations with suppliers and its arms procurement from those states. Rather than analysing overall aspects of Turkish foreign policy in detail, this research highlights Turkey's political relationship with its major suppliers, these being the US, European suppliers, especially France and Germany, and Israel. The project illustrates that Turkey's arms procurement from the US and European defence market is influenced by the deterioration of political relations with those suppliers. However, the same correlation is absent in the case of Turkish-Israeli defence cooperation. The reason for this contradiction is investigated in this study from the perspective of Turkey's defence industry policy-making process and an analysis of who were the major actors and what were their interests in this process. The premises of Bureaucratic Politics Model and the Civil -Military relations theory are applied in this thesis to illustrate Turkey's defence industry policy-making process. IAbstract .'.:-.'
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Oscroft, Natalie. „Policy networks and management in the implementation of regeneration policy“. Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516642.
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Stehn, Sven Jari. „The Interactions between Optimal Monetary Policy and Optimal Fiscal Policy“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508677.
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Quaresma, Gonçalo Dias. „Monetary policy easing and non-keynesian effects of fiscal policy“. Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21777.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraThis paper assesses the possible contribution of monetary expansions for the existence of expansionary fiscal consolidations, using annual panel data for 14 European Union countries over the period 1970-2019. The paper adopts a two-fold approach: it combines the usual CAPB approach used to identify fiscal consolidations with the narrative approach, and extends this approach to include dummy variables for identifying monetary expansions. A fiscal consolidation couple with a monetary expansion does produce little evidence of non-Keynesian effects, thus, monetary expansions does not contribute for the existence of expansionary fiscal consolidations. Moreover, Panel Probit estimations suggest monetary developments even contribute negatively for success of fiscal consolidations. For other success variables, duration and size contribute in a positive way and expenditure based consolidations lead to a decrease in debt to GDP ratio.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Löfstedt, Ragnar E. „Dilemma of Swedish energy policy : implications for international policy makers /“. Aldershot : Ashgate publ, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41193614q.
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Forssell, Sara. „Rice price policy in Thailand : policy making and recent developments /“. Lund, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/594027888.pdf.
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Ruiz, Vásquez Juan Carlos. „Colombian police policy : police and urban policing, 1991-2006 /“. 2009. http://ora.ouls.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid%3A3fc1cf23-5246-4919-978a-6aee375b9a69.
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Yang, Chien-Sheng, und 楊乾昇. „The Research of the Policy for Taichung City’s Social Security Preservation－Police Policy Oriented Analysis“. Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49160970199239153843.
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碩士逢甲大學
公共政策所
97
Abstract Based on the public security defense indicator, the study analyzes the gap between the current public security conditions and the general public’s satisfactions. Through secondary data analysis, quantitative interviews, relative theoretical proof and document forum, the study hopes to identify the realistic and public-expected values in public security defense area; and to analyze current Taichung city’s public security defense issues. Also this study plans to evaluate Taichung city’s policies, to propose feasible public security policies to improve Taichung city’s public security and raise general public’s satisfactions. Using secondary data research, the study identifies Taichung city’s public security issues. Also through quantitative interviews, it discusses the possible causes of Taichung public security issues. Last, the cross-analysis between criminal theories and Taichung city’s related documents, the conclusions are as below: 1) There is a certain gap between the current Taichung city public security conditions and general public’s expectation 2) A city that is as commercialized and industrialized as Taichung city, it is difficult to monitor the alien criminal population 3) Overall the service quality and performance of Taichung city police department needs improvement 4) Public security defense objective overemphasizes on processing security indicators 5) Bad image of high crime rate has negative impact on public’s confidence in security indicator performance statistics 6) Media promotion/communication is under utilized to increase efficiency 7) Police’s training in specific area and technology regarding crime investigation needs to be improved Based on the study conclusions, below are the concrete proposals: 1) Carry out question oriented police policies 2) Introduce area cooperation defense to block fleeing criminals and resolve the alien criminal population issues 3) Raise police personnel quality, and improve police job skills, and overall service quality to the general public 4) Police policies should be based on both objective and subjective public security performance indicators 5) Reverse the bad image of crime to reflect the truth, aggressively monitor public security indicators to gain public confidence 6) Improve media communication, crime prevention broadcasting, and promote police’s crime cracking and prevention achievements/results 7) Strengthen education trainings, enhance technology regarding crime investigation skills
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張簡維典. „The influence of judicial explanation to police policy“. Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n4kv2x.
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