Dissertationen zum Thema „Poissons d'eau douce – Mensurations“
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Marin, Valentin. „Utilisation de la pyramide des biomasses pour quantifier les réponses des écosystèmes d'eau douce aux changements globaux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30255.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBody size is a powerful trait to describe how organisms interact with their biotic and abiotic environments. Size distribution in food webs can be formalized by a negative linear relationship between organism size and abundance. This relationship, usually referred as the "size spectrum", is commonly used in marine ecosystems to assess the impacts of commercial fisheries on food webs properties. In this work, our aim was to develop this size-based approach on communities to quantify the effects of global changes on the functioning of lacustrine ecosystems. In a first chapter, we investigated the spatial variation of the fish size spectrum in natural and reservoir lakes on a national scale using various biomonitoring surveys. While bioindicators were significatively affected by eutrophication and biological invasions, our findings highlighted the added value of using the size spectrum to highlight the impacts of habitat alterations. In a second chapter, we quantified the temporal stability of these communities in response to changes in the intensity of global change drivers. Biological invasion had no influence on the fish size spectrum dynamic, but we observed that increased water temperature, as well as increased nutrient loading could be linked to short-term changes in size spectra. In the third chapter, we assessed the relationship between size spectrum slope and the trophic structure of fish communities. Using stable isotope analysis, we showed that a low predator-prey mass ratio, suggesting to higher trophic transfer efficiency, induced flatter size spectrum slopes (higher abundance of large fishes). However, the presence of non-native species disrupted this relationship and reduced the potential for using the size spectrum to reflect energy flux in food webs. In the fourth chapter, our goal was to experimentally identify how changes in the size spectrum reflect changes in ecosystem functioning (e.g. productivity or metabolism). Results demonstrated that size spectrum can be linked to primary and secondary production through bottom-up processes, and changes in the intensity of trophic cascades through top-down processes. Taken together, these results demonstrate the relevance of using size structure to quantify anthropogenic impacts on lacustrine communities and the potential consequences on ecosystem functioning, with possible applications in biomonitoring programs at ecosystem level
Ibañez, Luna Carla. „Degré de convergence entre peuplements de poissons de cours d'eau tropicaux et tempérés“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MNHN0020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work has tested the assumption of "convergence" according to which communities subjected to the same environmental constraints converge towards a common structure. We chose as a model, fishes of the temperate and tropical streams of four zoogeographical areas: Europe (France), North America (USA), South America (Bolivia) and Africa (Gabon). Hence, ecomorphologic characteristics and trophic structure of fish communities were compared at local, regional and intercontinental scales between various sites and various streams. The results show that local communities’ organization depends on the combination of both local and regional and abiotic and biotic processes, relying on a historical and biogeographical context. These results could be useful for the decision makers to implement efficient conservation and management plans of the lotic systems
Mathieu-Bégné, Eglantine. „Mécanismes d'infection de l'ectoparasite de poissons d'eau douce Tracheliastes polycolpus“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhat are the ecological evolutionary mechanisms governing species interactions? I addressed this issue considering the interaction between the parasite Tracheliastes polycolpus and several of its cyprinid hosts. First, I highlighted the role of the environment at a very fine spatial scale (few hundred meters) on the encountering rate between this parasite and its hosts. At larger spatial scale (France) I illustrated the limiting role of resistance of host populations on the distribution of T. polycolpus. I further showed that T. polycolpus manages to infect different host species by relying on a plastic expression of its genes. Finally, I showed that host bacterial communities change after T. polycolpus infection in a co-infection dynamics with the parasite. Through the deployment of various and complementary approaches, it appears that both environmental factors, factors related to the host, to the parasite and to their associated bacterial communities contribute to the success of an intimate interaction such as parasitism
Denys, Gaël. „Taxonomie intégrative des poissons d’eau douce de France métropolitaine“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015MNHN0015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe publication of the handbook of European freshwater fishes by Kottelat and Freyhof in 2007, in which the authors list 16 additional native species in France, set off e taxonomical revision of French and European ichtyofauna. The objective of the present thesis is to revise 5 genera of freshwater fisches of France in an integrative taxonomy framework using morphological, molecular and ecological data : Squalius (chub), Phoxinus (minnow), Gobio (gudgeon), Esox (pike) et gasterosteus (three-spined stickleback). More than 1700 specimens were collected in 283 locations in France, studied and analyzed morphologically, before integration in the MNHN collections. More than 460 specimens were studied genetically, including complete mitogenome sequencing for a subset. Also we compared secondary sexual ornamentation of minnows among basins as well as analysis of the niches occupied by the different gudgeon species. The results confirm the presence of two chub species in France S. Cephalus and S. Laietanus. The use of molecular data invalisates G. Gymnurus, so there is a single species of three-spined stickleback G. Aculeatus. The study of collection materials shows the presence of three pike species : E. Lucius, E. Cisalpinus and a previously undetected new species E. Aquitanicus. Secondary sexual ornamentation corroborated by sequence data discriminates 6 minnow species, including P. Phoxinus, P. Bigerri; P. Septimaniae, P. Marsilii which would be valid, as well as two new species. The use of morphological, molecular and ecological data support 3 out of the 4 gudgeon species (G. Gobio, G. Lozanoi et G. Occitaniae; G. Alverniae would be a junior synonym of G. Occitaniae). The new taxonomical data highlight the gaps in our knowledge of the French freshwater fauna. It oepns new perspectives and opportunities of research in numerous fields of biology. However this kind of in-depth study should be applied to all French taxonomic groups
Mairesse, Guillaume. „Déterminisme ante mortem et variabilité de la qualité nutritionnelle, technologique et organoleptique (couleur et morphologie) de la perche commune perca fluviatilis (L. )“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_MAIRESSE_G.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of these experimental studies was to assess the variability of quality in farmed and wild Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) and its determinism. Quality is divided into three components: organoleptical (morphology and color), technological (filleting yield, morpho-anatomical index) and nutritional (total lipids content and fatty acids composition in fillet). The quality of perch shows variability according to the geographic origin, season and rearing systems. Farmed perch differ from wild counterparts by technological and nutritional components: perivisceral fat content and n-6 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increase with the intensification level of farmed system, whereas n-3 PUFA decrease. Thus, there is not only one perch quality but rather many perch qualities. Consequently, hypothesis have been formulated about factors responsible for the variability of quality and then tested. Two populations of wild perch from different geographic origin were reared in laboratory from eggs stage, in the same environmental and trophic conditions. The results show that only nutritional component displays differences between the two populations. Thus, phenotypical expression of the quality is under control of both origin (genotype) and environmental factors. Among these factors, 4 factors with 2 modalities were tested in 8 experimental units using a fractional factorial design: dietary lipids origin, feeding rate, density and domestication. Domestication and dietary lipids origin (simple factor or interaction) were found as the main factors of the determinism of perch quality
Mairesse, Guillaume Brun-Bellut Jean. „Déterminisme ante mortem et variabilité de la qualité nutritionnelle, technologique et organoleptique (couleur et morphologie) de la perche commune perca fluviatilis (L.)“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy : INPL, 2005. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2005_MAIRESSE_G.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouzid, Lamine Wafa. „Structure génétique de Ligula intestinalis (Cestode : Diphyllobothriidea), parasite des poissons d'eau douce“. Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/296/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParasite species with global distribution and complex life cycle offer a rare opportunity to study mechanisms of speciation and evolution. Ligula intestinalis (L. ) (Cestoda, Diphyllobothriidea) has a widespread distribution and a life cycle with several hosts Available records indicate that the host spectra used by this species is not uniform across the investigated populations and show differences in the pathology between sympatric cyprinid species. Furthermore, complication of L. Intestinalis picture stems from the indication that this species may be paraphyletic with the species Ligula colymbi and Digramma interrupta. The aim of this study was to understand the origin of eco-biological differences and phylogenetic discrepancies and to test the hypothesis of the existence of several strains/species. . For this purpose, phylogeny and genetic structure have been analyzed for Ligula plerocercoids native to different host species and geographic regions at a global scale. Data based on genomic sequences and hypervariable markers show different evolutionary patterns: At a local scale, a flat genetic structure was found and is most likely due to bird migration preventing the creation of different genetic strains/species. In contrast, at a global scale, genetically distant and well separated clusters are present, indicating a conspicuous correspondence between genetics and geography. Beside geography, obvious host-specific-based structures are found. Ligula specimens identified as L. Colymbi are partitioned in separate clades of L. Intestinalis thus questions the reliability of species identification primarily based on definitive host species when morphological characters are inconclusive. Samples of Digramma show a clear differentiation from the analysed Ligula specimens. However, their monophyletic clade appears within Ligula specimens indicating that D. Interrupta may well represent a valid species of the genus Ligula rather than of Digramma
Chevalier, Mathieu. „Changements globaux et poissons d'eau douce : déterminants et implications de variations démographiques“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2629/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClimate change has been a subject of great interest across the past few years but its influence on population dynamics has seldom been considered. In this thesis, we demonstrate that climatic factors and in particular water temperatures have an influence on population dynamics of several freshwater fish species found in French rivers. Although common mechanisms acting at large spatial scales have been identified for the different species, considerable variations among populations have been revealed due to spatial heterogeneity of environmental conditions. Intrinsic characteristics of species appeared as important determinants of interspecific differences in population dynamics, contrary to their evolutionary history. Our results could be used to set up management conservation planning to limit the consequences of climate warming on freshwater fish species
Cilleros, Kévin. „Diversité et règles d'assemblage des communautés de poissons d'eau douce de Guyane“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30287/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTropical ecosystems, especially Amazonian ecosystems, host a great diversity of terrestrial and aquatic organisms. However, the causes and the processes behind this high diversity for freshwater fish assemblages are little known, but their identification will be an asset in the assessment of anthropogenic impacts that are increasing in these regions. We studied the processes that shape the diversity and the structure of freshwater fish assemblages of non-impacted streams and rivers located in French Guiana. Within-assemblage diversity increased along an upstream/downstream gradient and was higher in sites where the habitat was diversified. Species identity changed along this gradient, which created zones along the stream. Spatial relationships between assemblages and their isolation also greatly impacted species assemblages. Using information about species traits (functional diversity) and their phylogenetic relationships (phylogenetic diversity), we showed that within-assemblage diversity was not influenced by the environment or by species interactions. We also confirmed that dispersal limitation, linked with the past history of drainage basins, had a strong effect on assemblage structure in both streams and in rivers. Future investigations on the processes structuring fish assemblages will need to acquire more exhaustive biological data, and therefore to develop an efficient, and non-destructive sampling method. To this aim, we evaluated the efficiency of environmental metabarcoding applied to aquatic assemblages (the molecular identification of species present from a water sample) and compared it to traditional sampling methods. Currently, metabarcoding gives complementary information to traditional sampling. It thus needs developments and further tests to increase its efficiency and allow its use for assembly processes studies. Pursuing the formalization of a conceptual framework to investigate assembly rules together with the development of an efficient fish sampling protocol are now needed to better understand the structure of tropical fish assemblages. Those theoretical and practical developments will contribute to better evaluate anthropogenic disturbances on aquatic ecosystems
Birgi, Emile. „Monogènes parasites de Poissons d'eau douce au Tchad et au Sud-Cameroun : taxonomie et essai de biogéographie comparée“. Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20173.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleApril, Julien. „Étude de l'évolution et de la diversité des poissons d'eau douce de l'Amérique du Nord par une approche génétique comparative“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30173/30173.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntraspecific and interspecific genetic variation has been studied among North America’s freshwater fishes in order to improve our current knowledge on the evolution of biodiversity and to facilitate the conservation of this richness. Firstly, we generated a standard reference library of mitochondrial DNA sequences (DNA barcodes) for 752 North American freshwater fish species to provide an independent calibration of taxonomic uncertainty and to establish a more accessible molecular identification key for its application. This study demonstrates that 90% of known species can be delineated using barcodes. Results further suggest that current North American freshwater fish taxonomy at the species level significantly conceals diversity in some groups, while artificially creating diversity in others. Secondly, we studied intraspecific and interspecific genetic divergence in order to describe and identify the underlying evolutionary causes of general patterns of biodiversity distribution. This study supports a dual role involving both the late Pliocene-Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and metabolic rate in determining latitudinal gradients of genetic divergence. Thirdly, patterns of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA (AFLP) have been studied among different codistributed pairs of glacial lineages in order to verify the generality of allopatric speciation. This study shows that the Eastern Great-Lakes drainage represents a multi-species suture zone for glacial lineages of freshwater fishes with variable levels of genetic divergence. AFLP analyses among four pairs of lineages indicate that lineages with relatively deep levels of mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence (>2 %) developed strong reproductive barriers. By describing different levels of divergence and reproductive isolation in different co-occurring fishes, we offer strong evidence that allopatric speciation has contributed significantly to the diversification of North Eastern American freshwater fishes. This thesis therefore offers a new molecular identification tool for freshwater fish of North America and brings strong evidences that allopatric speciation has played a predominant role in generating biodiversity.
Leprieur, Fabien Brosse Sébastien. „Les introductions d'espèces de poissons d'eau douce distribution spatiale, déterminants et impacts sur les espèces natives /“. Toulouse (Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3), 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/151.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHutagalung, Rory Anthony. „Évolution du peuplement piscicole de la Garonne à Toulouse dans un environnement anthropise : analyses biologique et écologique“. Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT018A.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKeith, Philippe. „Evolution des peuplements ichtyologiques de France et stratégies de conservation“. Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN10092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHugueny, Bernard. „Biogéographie et structure des peuplements de poissons d'eau douce de l'Afrique de l'ouest : approches quantitatives“. Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077198.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerga, Marie-Elodie. „Origines et flux de carbone en lacs : étude par analyse de la composition en isotopes stables du carbone et de l'azote du zooplancton et des poissons“. Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFish communities occupy the top of food chains. How fish obtain their constitutive carbon depends consequently of all the carbon pathways at the downer levels of the food web. This trophic position confers to fish a potential role of integrators of the underlying processes, at the ecosystem scale. Moreover, stable isotopes composition of an organism depends on all the pathways that transfer carbon up to this organism. Consequently, we wondered in what extent the stable isotopes composition of fish could be a proxy of the trophic functioning of lakes. To address this assumption, whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, a zooplanktivorous salmonid common in alpine lake, was, in a first time, used as biological model. A preliminary study had revealed the stable isotope composition of whitefish was quite variable among alpine lakes. According to our idea, this variability mirrors differences in the carbon pathways of the food web of these lakes. To understand what was reflected by this variability, we studied initially in what extent it resulted from intrinsic factors (such as lake size or trophic status). This study has then lead us to deepen the role played by the zooplankton compartment in carbon pathways up to Whitefish. In the final stage of this first part, the isotopic composition of whitefish appeared as a proxy for lake trophic functioning. Changes in environmental factors can alter carbon pathways in food webs. If fish are efficient integrators of carbon pathways, impacts of perturbations should be mirrored on their isotopic compositions. Impacts of two anthropogenic perturbations of stable isotope composition of fish were then evaluated : the first one relates to eutrophication - restoration of two alpine lakes, the second one to water levels changes in two Malian reservoirs. Results from these two studies reveal that major changes, ensuing from these perturbation, in carbon origins and fluxes within lake food webs are recorded in the isotopic history of fish communities
Belkessam, Djamila. „Structure des peuplements de poissons de cours d'eau du nord ouest de la France : degré de saturation, interactions biotiques et variabilité temporelle“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MNHN0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeprieur, Fabien. „Les introductions d'espèces de poissons d'eau douce : distribution spatiale, déterminants et impacts sur les espèces natives“. Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/151/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough non-native fish species are well identified, the determinants of their spatial distribution and their impacts on biodiversity are poorly documented, especially at large spatial scales. In that context, this thesis aims (i) at improving our knowledge on the potential impacts of non-native fish species and (ii) at identifying the factors controlling their spatial distribution. This was achieved by considering different spatial scales. The local-scale approach (stream reach within a river basin) first shows that local abiotic conditions can influence the spatial distribution of an invasive species (brown trout, Salmo trutta L. ) in a New Zealand river basin and hence can mediate its impact on a native species (Galaxias anomalus Stockell). Especially, anthropogenic disturbances (such as water abstraction for agricultural purposes) do not necessarily promote species invasions as reported by most previous studies. Therefore, the effective conservation of threatened native species implies the implementation of management strategies adapted to the local environmental context. Last, an experimental study reveals that a species considered as invasive (such as brown bullhead, Ameiurus melas Raff. ) should be systematically studied in regards to its impact on native species. This is necessary to set up management strategies that account for the behavioural and ecological characteristics of the impacted native species. The regional-scale approach (river basin) first shows that the introductions of non-native fish species in Europe led to (i) an increase of the size of the regional pool of species (i. E. An increase in alpha diversity) and (ii) a decrease of the taxonomic similarity between river basins (i. E. A decrease in beta diversity corresponding to a taxonomic homogenization). .
Toussaint, Aurèle. „Diversité fonctionnelle des poissons d'eau douce à l'échelle mondiale : patrons, déterminants et impacts des activités humaines“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30403.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor a long time, biodiversity was characterised solely by its taxonomic diversity, i.e. the number and species composition of assemblages. However, recent studies show that biodiversity cannot be summed up solely by this component as it does not take into account the ecological characteristics of species. For this, functional diversity is a tool for considering the functional traits of species. Few large-scale studies have described this facet of biodiversity and its link with taxonomic diversity. The aim of this thesis is therefore to 1) describe and understand the distribution of functional diversity of freshwater fish assemblages on a global scale and 2) quantify the consequences of human activities on this facet. For this purpose, we have built a database of functional traits of more than 9000 species of freshwater fish. We have shown that the world's functional diversity is very heterogeneously distributed. It is essentially concentrated in the Neotropical basins, contrasting with taxonomically rich but functionally redundant areas such as Africa or Asia. These patterns could be explained by a functional diversification of certain orders of Neotropical fish. At the watershed scale, we showed a weak, but significant, influence of environmental variables, in particular historical variables, to explain the heterogeneity of the functional diversity patterns of watersheds. We have also shown that human activities, under the effect of species introductions, have contributed to a significant change in functional diversity patterns compared to changes in taxonomic diversity. These changes highlight the need to take into account the consequences of non-native species on ecosystem functioning. In this thesis work, we have thus demonstrated that functional diversity is a complementary facet of taxonomic diversity in freshwater fish. These results contribute to knowledge of the structure of assemblages and may have implications in terms of biodiversity management
Madéore-Le, Pichon Céline. „Une approche "Paysage aquatique" pour une meilleure connaissance du fonctionnement des écosystèmes fluviaux et l'amélioration de la conservation des peuplements de poissons“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066538.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComte, Lise. „Changements globaux et distribution spatiale des espèces de poisson d'eau douce : observations récentes et prédictions futures“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2258/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite increasing recognition that recent climate changes are influencing biodiversity, the specific impacts of those changes are still largely unknown. This thesis highlights systematic stream fish species shifts towards higher elevation and upstream habitats, consistent with the geographic variation associated with climate change. The results demonstrated, however, that patterns in climate-driven range shifts were less marked than those attributed to non-climatic drivers, suggesting more severe longer-term effects of climate warming on stream fish and profound consequences on the ability of species to cope with future climate modifications. Nevertheless, the results also provide evidence that several mechanisms are linked to species' evolutionary history and some key biological and ecological traits, allowing species to persist in situ or to track their climatic niche through space. These research findings improve our ability to anticipate future climate change-induced impacts and will assist with initiating effective conservation and management strategies, which can no longer be effectively designed without taking into account climate change
Gourene, Germain. „Révision systématique des Clupeidae d'eau douce de l'Ouest et du Centre africain : morphologie, biométrie, ostéologie et zoogéographie des genres Pellonula, Odaxothrissa, Cynothrissa, Poecilothrissa et Microthrissa“. Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT010A.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarvajal-Quintero, Juan. „Évaluation des déterminants de l'aire de répartition des poissons d'eau douce pour éclairer leur écologie et conservation“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding the geographic distribution of species across space and time is one of the long-standing challenges in ecology and evolution. Among the major components of species distribution, the species' geographic range size has been studied across several taxonomic groups and has been related to multiple ecological and evolutionary factors. The geographic range size of species is also of paramount importance in conservation strategies because it consistently emerges as a key correlate of extinction risk, where species occupying smaller geographic ranges are assumed to have a higher risk of extinction. Results concerning these fundamental and applied aspects of geographic range size have largely neglected freshwater fish, commonly focusing on the usual vertebrate groups (e.g. mammals, birds). However, freshwater fish, the most diverse vertebrate group, can provide novel insights about the geographic range size determinants and threats because of the unique dendritic shape and reduced amount of their habitat (i.e. river networks) compared to other terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In this PhD work, we analyzed for the first time the global patterns of geographic range size in freshwater fish species and tested previous hypotheses proposed to explain the variation of geographic range size in other taxonomic groups. Our findings showed that current and historical connectivity are the most important factors driving the geographic range size of freshwater fishes, contrasting with the main determinants reported for terrestrial and marine taxa. From an applied point of view, we focused on the usually observed macroecological relationship between the species' geographic range size and body size. This relationship would allow estimating the minimum geographic range size needed by species for long-term persistence. Based on ecological theory of species temporal fluctuations of abundances, we provide a mechanistic validation of this relationship, supporting its use to identify vulnerable species and their changes in extinction risk through reduced geographic ranges induced by anthropogenic factors. Using a tropical river basin as a case study, we used this macroecological relationship to quantify changes in species extinction risk due to the fragmentation of their ranges caused by hydropower development. The results and the data compiled in this thesis represent useful information to guide and inform conservation in freshwater fish and give the opportunity to continue filling theoretical gaps
Ben, Ammar Imen. „Approche comparée du déterminisme environnemental de l'induction du cycle de reproduction chez cinq poissons d'eau douce tempérée“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0265/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA way for the development of a sustainable inland aquaculture is the domestication of local species. As domestication usually results from a long, costly and empirical zootechnical process, the use of classifications could be a relevant strategy. In our laboratory, a generic method was developed based on grouping species sharing similar reproductive traits (29) and resulted in 10 clusters structured by spawning period and temperature of egg incubation. The aim of this work is to assess the relevance of this clustering by testing the effect of constant long (CP) and natural photoperiod (NP) on the onset of the reproductive cycle in “early spring” ESS (Eurasian perch, pikeperch, roach and pike) and a “late spring” spawner LSS (rudd). This work is based on a morpho-anatomic, histological and physiological analysis of the broodstock to study the effect of photoperiod treatments. Strong similarities were shown in the response of the ESS with inhibition of the reproductive cycle under CP and induction under NP. The gonadal development and the plasma levels of E2 and vitellogenin showed similar responses to the photoperiodic treatment between ESS, while, the androgens levels showed different responses even in species belonging to the same group and the same family. The observed similarities allow us to provide an evidence about the relevance of clusters especially for the most integrative parameters. However, even if extrapolation of current knowledge may be possible from Eurasian perch to other ESS especially for zootechnical purposes, the mechanisms of gonadogenesis regulation and especially androgenesis may be different between the studied species
Birgi, Emile. „Monogènes parasites de poissons d'eau douce au Tchad et au Cameroun taxonomie et essai de biogéographie comparée /“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376030212.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHette, Tronquart Nicolas. „Organisation trophique des peuplements piscicoles des cours d'eau : approche par l'analyse des isotopes stables“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeenevaragachetty, Jessica. „Approches biologiques pour la prévention et le traitement de la moisissure aquatique, saprolegnia parasitica, chez le poisson“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29521/29521.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaprolegnia parasitica is a water mold responsible of the fungal infections of fish in fresh water environments. Previously, these infections were treated with malachite green until it is banned due to its carcinogenic properties. Novel research avenues include the development of natural products to prevent and control S. parasitica. The purpose of the experiments in vitro was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the Hempseed MicroPlate (HeMP) – method. Experiments in bath in vivo were to assess the effectiveness of products on fry infected with S. parasitica. Neemazal WSP 5%, Rhus typhina JN02141A, and Burkholderia cepacia showed antifungal activity against S. parasitica. However, Rhus typhina JN02141A was ineffective on fry infected with S. parasitica. The further research is to identify the active ingredients and test them on fry infected with S. parasitica.
Trinchet, Isabelle. „Effets toxicologiques de l'exposition chronique à des efflorescences de cyanobactéries productrices de microcystines sur les poissons d'eau douce : étude anatomo-pathologique“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCopp, Gordon Howard. „Le rôle et le fonctionnement des milieux aquatiques du haut-Rhône français commes sites de reproduction et de nurserie pour les poissons du fleuve“. Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLauzeral, Christine. „Prédiction du potentiel d'invasion des espèces non natives par des modèles de niche : approches méthodologiques et applications aux poissons d'eau douce sur le territoire français“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1876/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFreshwaters are among the most anthropogenicaly threatened ecosystems in the world. They especially face serious threats due to invasive species. Efforts are thus needed to control invasions and increase the accuracy of the models used to predict the potential distribution of invasive species. We showed that: - the area of the observed distribution, and thus the area of the distribution predicted by correlative models, increases exponentially with the spatial grain of the data. However, model quality is little affected by the grain of the data and decreases only for the largest grains. - coarse-grained occurrence data remain useful in identifying the species that experience niche shifts. - most of the six fish species that we have studied were able to establish in France under climate change, even without niche shift. - the iterative ensemble modeling method that we developed increases the accuracy of predictions as soon as the occurrence data set contained abundant non environmental absences. This new method is of interest for invasive species niche modeling but also to model the distribution of difficult to detect or endangered species
Jézéquel, Céline. „Les communautés de poissons du bassin de l'Amazone : habitats aquatiques, gradients de diversité, facteurs et processus associés et options de conservation“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30182.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aquatic biodiversity of the Amazon basin, the largest and most species rich river basin on Earth, is still relatively poorly documented despite all the attention received from the international scientific community. Knowledge about the spatial distribution of species, and in particular of freshwater fishes, is very fragmented and dispersed between countries and institutions. The distribution of river forms has been also poorly explored at the scale of the entire basin, its continental dimension limiting the acquisition of field data. Improving the knowledge on the distribution of biodiversity and aquatic habitats in the basin is however a crucial step to better understand the factors and processes behind species diversification, identify priority areas for conservation (biodiversity hotspots) and assess the species vulnerability to global changes. This thesis work aims to reduce these significant knowledge gaps
Pustelnik, Guy. „Etude écologique préalable à l'aménagement piscicole de la rivière Dordogne“. Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to make easy the realization of a piscicult management plan of the river Dordogne and to consider the realization of gradings, several searches have been realized. The purpose of this work is to develop an analysis method which makes easy the establishment of a piscicult diagnostic and the development of adapted gestion procedures. The first part states clearly the principal aspects of the piscicult life through of the phenomena's reproduction analysis of requirements'shelters and nourishment. In the second part, directly derived from the conclusions of the first, methods and technics of studies are established. The third part defines the study range : - the Dordogne river and its morphological characteristics and dynamics (descriptives of principal facies meted are derived from this study), - water's physiocochemistry, - the course biology and specially the piscicult peopling study through surrounding utilization by species. The fourth part talks about habitability of the river for the different fishes species. A new indication (indication of total quality of habitat) is suggested and its reliability is analysed and criticized for the river dordogne. The last part forms the application of the suggested analysis method for the putting of gestion plan on a pattern stump of river Dordogne. Finally, the end takes again the principal results presented in this study
Bengen, Dietriech Geoffrey. „Contribution à la typologie fonctionnelle des bras morts de la Garonne : approches physico-chimique et ichtyologique“. Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT012A.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRasoarahona, Jean Roger Emile. „Variation annuelle de la composition en acides gras des lipides de poissons d'eau douce de Madagascar : Cyprinus, Carassius, Arius et Tilapia : application à la différenciation du genre Tilapia“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZhao, Tian. „Effets des invasions biologiques sur les patrons de diversité fonctionnelle et la structure trophique des communautés de poissons d'eau douce“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is a central question in modern ecology. This question is particularly crucial in the general context of human perturbations on both biodiversity and ecosystems. Biological invasions are considered as one of the leading causes of the ongoing taxonomic diversity crisis and the modification of ecosystems. This is especially true in freshwater ecosystems since the widespread introductions of non-native fish can modify recipient communities notably by changing the biotic interactions between species. Trophic interactions represent the linkage between the structural characteristics of biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems, describing the network of species and the energy links between them. Identifying the impacts of non-native fish species on the trophic structure of recipient communities is therefore crucial to estimate how ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services might respond to biological invasions. In the present study, fish communities from 18 gravel pit lakes were selected and monitored during two consecutive years to test the effects of biological invasions on functional diversity patterns and the trophic structure of fish communities. We first investigated the environmental determinants of fish community composition and structure in these gravel pit lakes. Our results demonstrated that fish community structure significantly differed between lakes and we notably found that lakes highly managed for angling hosted higher levels of taxonomic diversity. We also found that native and non-native species were dominant in lakes with different environmental conditions, while management practices play a critical role in shaping fish species composition. Overall, these findings demonstrated that fish community composition followed a predictable shift along an environmental gradient linked to the natural maturation of gravel pit lakes and the associated human practices. Second, we quantified the importance of intraspecific variability in functional traits in a model species, the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). We sampled a whole population in a private pond and found that functional trait variability among individuals within the same population could affect estimates of functional diversity. Moreover, the extremely low overlap for both functional and stable isotope niches between age-classes indicated that different age classes within a species should be considered as distinct functional entities. We also demonstrated the existence of a significant correlation between functional traits and stable isotope values, suggesting the existence of a linkage between trophic specialization and differences in functional traits within each life stage. Third, incorporating intraspecific variation in functional traits at the community level, we examined the functional attributes of fish communities in the studied lakes. Our results demonstrated that native and non-native fish significantly differed in terms of functional traits. We also demonstrated that niche partitioning was the principal mechanism allowing the coexistence of native and non-native fish with similar functional traits
Léger, Arnaud. „Indice de vulnérabilité à l'extinction des poissons d'eau douce du Québec une analyse multivariée des traits biologiques, écologiques et biogéographiques /“. Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2006.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenTitre de lʹécran-titre (visionné le 25 avril 2007). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en gestion de la faune et de ses habitats. CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. 56-64. Paraît aussi en éd. imprimée. CaQRU
Glasser, Frédéric. „L'influence des facteurs externes sur la reproduction de la carpe herbivore (Ctenopharyngodon idella) en zone tropicale : une approche descriptive et expérimentale“. Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDartiguelongue, Jean. „Contribution à l'étude de la mortalité des poissons au passage des turbines d'installations hydroélectriques : méthodologie et analyse des données“. Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT009A.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAusseil, Olivier. „Contribution à l'étude de la multipollution des hydrosystèmes fluviaux : étude de l'influence de micropolluants métalliques et organiques sur la bioaccumulation des radionucléides par les poissons d'eau douce“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSloterdijk, H. „Utilisation des jeunes poissons comme indicateurs de bioaccumulation des substances toxiques“. Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePonton, Dominique. „Croissance et alimentation de deux poissons planctonophages du lac Léman : le corégone (Coregonus schinzi palea, Jurine) et le gardon (Rutilus rutilus (L.))“. Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO11707.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlanck, Aurélie. „Variabilité des traits d'histoire de vie de poissons d'eau douce Européens à différentes échelles spatiales et niveaux biologiques : (population et espèce)“. Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of improving understanding of life-history traits of organisms and their variation is recurrent in ecology. It is now widely accepted that environmental constraints in freshwaters play a key role in life-history trait variations in fish. In this context, this work aims to study the relationships between life-history traits of European freshwater fish and their environment focusing on different biological levels (population and species) and different spatial scales (continental, regional and local scales). Using biological and environmental data from published sources at the European scale and from field work in the Rhone river basin, this work illustrates (1) the effect of temperature at the continental and regional scales on several population traits, that are not confirmed for all species and (2) the weak effect of hydraulics at the continental and regional scales on population traits. By contrast, this work identifies more important relationships between hydraulics and traits than between temperature and traits at the species level. Microhabitat hydraulics seems to provide a template for species ecological strategies with fast-flowing and shallow microhabitats (riffles) selecting opportunistic species. The comparison between the intraspecific variation in traits and the interspecific variation in traits illustrates the relevance of using traits estimated at the species level and at the regional scale, and traits such as fecundity and traits associated with body size estimated at the species level from literature, in interspecific and inter-communities comparative approaches. By integrating variation of multiple traits in different biological levels and at different spatial scales, my thesis provides interesting elements for ecologists of different disciplines such as population biology and dynamics, species biology, community ecology and evolutionary ecology
Rod, Astrid. „Le cadmium : Polluant chimique de l'atmosphère, du sol et des eaux : Recherche du cadmium dans la chair des poissons d'eau douce /“. [S.l : s.n.], 1986. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSholihah, Arni. „Diversification des biotas aquatiques de Sundaland : accumulation de la biodiversité chez les poissons d'eau douce et distribution dans un hotspot de biodiversité“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSundaland is one of the most threatened biodiversity hotspots, experiencing a fast increase of threat levels during last decades. Covering Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo, this hotspot has one of the highest species richness and endemism for vertebrates in SEA, including freshwater fishes. This level of biodiversity has long attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists, particularly by considering effects of Sundaland complex geological history. This study addressed it by exploring time frame of vicariance and dispersal during diversity build-up of freshwater fish species in Sundaland. To support this, we first aimed to assess the match between distribution of molecular lineages from multiple taxa with palaeoriver boundaries using metadata analysis of existing molecular dataset with representative biological and spatial coverage in Southeast Asia (especially in Sundaland). Second, we focussed on estimating clades’ age and geographic distribution of Rasbora lineages in relation to the Pleistocene Palaeoriver Hypothesis by utilising newly generated empirical data for Rasborinae, a widespread and extremely diversified group of primary freshwater fishes in Sundaland. On both steps, we questioned: 1) if palaeorivers served as corridors of dispersal between islands during Pleistocene sea levels low stands; 2) if palaeoriver watersheds initiated allopatric divergence across their boundaries; and 3) if Pleistocene climatic fluctuation increased rates of species diversification. Overall, this study detected high level of cryptic diversity. Ancestral area reconstructions revealed that Sundaland freshwater fish lineages originated from Mainland Asia, and further colonised the region since Oligocene. This result validated the pre-Pleistocene settlement hypothesis. These lineages entered Sundaland mainly through North Sunda palaeoriver in contemporary Borneo and dispersed to other parts of Sundaland via long distance dispersal, often followed by in situ diversification. These results suggest Bornean part of North Sunda palaeoriver is the most likely centre of origin for Sundaland freshwater fishes. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, we found that although lowered sea level during glacial periods reconnected watersheds within palaeorivers, it did not necessarily open up inter-island dispersal channels for freshwater fishes. Corridors of savanna and seasonal forest ecosystems in the interior of Sundaland served as barrier to dispersal. Also, permeability of the physical boundaries of palaeoriver’s watersheds as well as geomorphological and habitat variabilities within palaeoriver created respectively gene flow between palaeorivers and allopatric speciation within palaeoriver. Moreover, although significant proportion of Sundaland freshwater fish lineages originated during Pleistocene, we found that Pleistocene dynamics did not affect diversification rate as sea level-dependent diversification models poorly account for species proliferation patterns for all clades excepting Channa. Besides, none of the taxa examined has declining diversification rates as suggested by diversity-dependent diversification (DDD) model. It is suggested then that global Pleistocene eustatic fluctuation and regional paleoriver dynamics are not sole drivers for Sundaland freshwater fish diversification, but only a part of abiotic aspects affecting it. Pleistocene Climatic Fluctuations likely interacted with other factors such as: landscape geomorphology, local ecosystem/habitat variability and life history traits of organisms
Tisseuil, Clément. „Modéliser l'impact du changement climatique sur les écosystèmes aquatiques par approche de downscaling“. Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/763/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aimed at assessing the impact of global change on freshwater ecosystems during the 21st century in the Adour Garonne area (SW France). A downscaling approach was developed linking techniques from climate, hydro-chemical and ecological sciences. The main results suggest an increase of high flows in winter as well as more severe low flows in summer. Nitrogen concentrations and thermophile fish species distribution may also increase. Reducing green house gas emissions and modifying agricultural practices (e. G reducing nitrate fertilizers) could reduce the intensity of ecological disturbances. This study is an original contribution to the management of future hydrological and ecological resources
Richert, Caroline. „Comparaison de marqueurs biochimiques chez les poissons (induction de l'activité éthoxyrésorufine-O-deéthylase et inhibition de l'activité acétylcholinestérase) et d'indicateurs écologiques (peuplement de macroinvertébrés) pour le diagnostic in situ de la pollution toxique dans les cours d'eau“. Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10356.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHamlaoui-Rézig, Sahima. „Rôles des nutriments et des poissons dans la structure du peuplement phytoplanctonique d'un écosystème lentique peu profond : étude expérimentale en mésocosmes“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MNHN0031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePampoulie, Christophe. „Conséquences d'une arrivée massive d'eau douce sur la communauté de gobies (Téléostéens, Poissons) d'une lagune méditerranéenne : l'exemple de l'étang du Vaccarès (Camargue, France)“. Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20148.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCravinho, Stéphanie. „Les poissons d'eau douce à la fin du paléolithique supérieur en France : réexamen et étude complémentaire du site de Pont d'Ambon (Bourdeilles, Dordogne)“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMunyandorero, Joseph. „La pêche dans les lacs du parc national de l'Akagera : biologie de Clarias gariepinus et exploitation des stocks dans le lac Ihema“. Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT021A.
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