Zeitschriftenartikel: „POINTS OF CONSUMPTION“

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Kovács, Kármen. „Relative consumption with multiple reference points under uncertainty“. Economics & Sociology 13, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2020): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2020/13-4/4.

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2

Tu, Wen-Jun, Shu-fang Zhong und Qiang Liu. „Alcohol consumption and vascular disease: other points to consider“. Lancet 394, Nr. 10209 (November 2019): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31874-4.

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3

Chen, Che-Hong, Julio C. B. Ferreira, Daria Mochly-Rosen und Eric R. Gross. „Alcohol consumption and vascular disease: other points to consider“. Lancet 394, Nr. 10209 (November 2019): 1617–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31880-x.

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4

Park, Hyeon. „Loss Aversion and Consumption Plans with Stochastic Reference Points“. B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics 16, Nr. 1 (01.01.2016): 303–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejte-2014-0100.

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AbstractThis paper studies the making of risky choices following loss aversion with endogenous reference expectations under the two schemes of state-independent and state-dependent stochastic reference points. Using a tractable, intertemporal choice model, this paper derives analytic solutions to show that, when loss aversion is high, the reference-dependent decision maker saves a markedly larger amount than is predicted by the standard model. When the loss aversion is low (i.e. the individual is loss-tolerant), the overall result is ambiguous, although the decision maker may deviate into consuming more; if he faces a small level of uncertainty relative to the intensity of his loss aversion, he may even do this by borrowing. Given the same loss aversion level, this study determines that, in the presence of positive state-dependence, the state-independent model generates greater deviation than the state-dependent one. Finally, this paper derives a two-period general equilibrium result with two agents who have different attitudes toward loss.

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Coulomb, Pierre, und Hélène Delorme. „Points de repère“. Études internationales 12, Nr. 1 (12.04.2005): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701154ar.

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The production and consumption of food occupy a major share of the general concern brought about by the world crisis. The growth of both elements continues nevertheless in keeping with the same capital-intensive and labour-saving standards of the previous expansionary phase. But the new context of world inflation, instability and recession imposes a burden with regard to the reproduction costs of food Systems in all of the OECD countries. Indeed, three trends are evolving simultaneously : the increase in the price of land; the instability of domestic price Systems; and, the new influence of international markets.

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RAVN, MORTEN O., STEPHANIE SCHMITT-GROHÉ und MARTÍN URIBE. „MACROECONOMICS OF SUBSISTENCE POINTS“. Macroeconomic Dynamics 12, S1 (April 2008): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100507070095.

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This paper explores the macroeconomic consequences of preferences displaying a subsistence point. It departs from the existing related literature by assuming that subsistence points are specific to each variety of goods rather than to the composite consumption good. We show that this simple feature makes the price elasticity of demand for individual goods procyclical. As a result, markups behave countercyclically in equilibrium. This implication is in line with the available empirical evidence.

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Kalbar, Pradip P., Morten Birkved, Michael Hauschild, Simon Kabins und Simon Elsborg Nygaard. „Environmental impact of urban consumption patterns: Drivers and focus points“. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 137 (Oktober 2018): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.06.019.

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8

Green, K. G. „Points: Alcohol consumption and the risk of alcohol related cirrhosis“. BMJ 295, Nr. 6594 (08.08.1987): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.295.6594.394-h.

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9

Esenkov, A. S., V. Yu Leonov, A. P. Tizik und V. I. Tsurkov. „Nonlinear integer transportation problem with additional supply and consumption points“. Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International 54, Nr. 1 (Januar 2015): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064230715010050.

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Shah, Priya J. „“Orientalised at all points”: Sensibility and Consumption inHartly House, Calcutta“. South Asian Review 30, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2009): 98–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02759527.2009.11932686.

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Wang, Nan, Jiangfeng Zhang und Xiaohua Xia. „Energy consumption of air conditioners at different temperature set points“. Energy and Buildings 65 (Oktober 2013): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.06.011.

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12

Jeong, Hyun Cheol, Minseok Jang, Taegon Kim und Sung-Kwan Joo. „Clustering of Load Profiles of Residential Customers Using Extreme Points and Demographic Characteristics“. Electronics 10, Nr. 3 (26.01.2021): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030290.

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In this paper, a systematic method is proposed to cluster the energy consumption patterns of residential customers by utilizing extreme points and demographic characteristics. The extreme points of the energy consumption pattern enable effective clustering of residential customers. Additionally, demographic characteristics can be used to determine an effective extreme point for the clustering algorithm. The K-means-based features selection method is used to classify energy consumption patterns of residential customers into six types. Furthermore, the type of energy consumption pattern can be identified depending on the characteristics of residential customers. The analytical results of this paper show that the extreme points are effective in clustering the energy consumption patterns of residential customers.

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Pexa, M., und K. Kubín. „ Effect of rapeseed methyl ester on fuel consumption and engine power“. Research in Agricultural Engineering 58, No. 2 (13.06.2012): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/41/2011-rae.

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This paper describes the effect of a mixture of rapeseed methyl ester and diesel oil on fuel consumption and power parameters of tractor engine. The hydraulic dynamometer was used to load the engine of Zetor Forterra 8641 tractor over rear power take-off. The measured tractor is almost new with less than 100 h worked. The measurements were realized for several ratios of diesel oil and rapeseed methyl ester (from pure diesel to pure rapeseed methyl ester). The engine was loaded by the dynamometer in several working points which were predefined by engine speed and its torque. The fuel consumption was measured by the flow meter in each of these points. The reduction of engine’s power parameters and the increase of specific fuel consumption are expected due to the nature of rapeseed methyl ester such as e.g. lower calorific value.  

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Holt, Douglas B. „Constructing Sustainable Consumption“. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 644, Nr. 1 (03.10.2012): 236–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716212453260.

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Twenty years of major policy and activist interventions that seek to promote sustainable consumption have been guided by what I term the ethical values paradigm, despite that this paradigm has significant conceptual flaws and has not produced impressive results. This article critiques the ethical values paradigm and proposes an alternative by adapting the market constructionist paradigm. The author analyzes the development of the American market for bottled water and demonstrates that this unsustainable consumption is an unintended consequence of the construction of a consumption ideology that is specific to the bottled water market, what the author terms ideological lock-in. This model explains why activist interventions have not worked and points the way toward more effective strategies. The author argues that we should reallocate the vast government, NGO, and foundation sustainability investments from promoting consumer value transformations toward a federation of market-focused social movements aimed at leapfrogging the ideological lock-in in key unsustainable markets.

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Yang, Hong Yan, und Xi Jie Zang. „The Prediction of Energy Consumption in Henan Based on Genetic Neural Network“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 2768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2768.

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In order to avoid the standard BP network shortcomings, the forecast model of energy consumption in henan was constructed based on genetic neural network. Involving the advantages of GA and BP, the algorithm can simultaneously complete genetic selection within a solution space to find the optimal points. Then the BP algorithm searchs the best optimal result from those points by the direction of negative gradient. Simulation indicates the MAPE in GA-BP is 8.45%, lower than that of 19.44% in standard BP. Finally it predicts the total energy consumptions with the 23350 million tons of coal in 2011, an annual growth rate of 3.8%, which is slightly slower than the average rate in the past decade.

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Rowley, Carol A., Allison K. Ikeda, Miles Seidel, Tiffany C. Anaebere, Matthew D. Antalek, Catherine Seamon, Anna K. Conrey et al. „Microvascular oxygen consumption during sickle cell pain crisis“. Blood 123, Nr. 20 (15.05.2014): 3101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-11-533406.

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Key Points Patients with sickle cell disease have greater microvascular oxygen consumption rates than healthy individuals. During sickle cell pain crisis, microvascular oxygen consumption increases further.

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Xiong, Jimin, Zhanfeng Tang, Yufeng Zhu, Kefeng Xu, Yanhong Yin und Yang Xi. „Change of Consumption Behaviours in the Pandemic of COVID-19: Examining Residents’ Consumption Expenditure and Driving Determinants“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 17 (31.08.2021): 9209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179209.

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This study investigated changes of individuals’ consumption behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic and explored the driving determinants in consumption expenditure in Zhejiang China. Based on the 454 samples of survey data, which were collected in 2020 and 2021, it showed a reduction trend in consumption expenditure during the pandemic. Compared to the consumptions before the pandemic, money spent on housing, food, and beverage did not change too much. However, expenditures on wearing, recreation, and education reduced. Age, family size, and household income were significant to the expenditure changes. Online shopping became an important alternative way for residents during the pandemic and the trend is expected to continue even after the pandemic. Based on the findings, suggestions are summarized as two points. First, the young and single residents are the main group for recovering the consumption for wearing, recreation, education, and public transport. Meanwhile, to improve the satisfactions in online shopping, regulations should be issued by the government in improving the quality of goods and service.

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Millwood, Iona Y., Robin G. Walters, Liming Li, Richard Peto und Zhengming Chen. „Alcohol consumption and vascular disease: other points to consider – Authors' reply“. Lancet 394, Nr. 10209 (November 2019): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31907-5.

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Silva, Paulo, Nuno T. Almeida und Rui Campos. „A Comprehensive Study on Enterprise Wi-Fi Access Points Power Consumption“. IEEE Access 7 (2019): 96841–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928754.

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Polyak, B. T., und L. A. Shalby. „Minimum Fuel-Consumption Stabilization of a Spacecraft at the Lagrangian Points“. Automation and Remote Control 80, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2019): 2217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0005117919120105.

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Sarifudin, Achmat. „Kajian Paparan Bahan Tambahan Pangan Benzoat pada Anak-anak Berdasarkan Data Konsumsi Pangan Individu di Kabupaten Bogor“. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 22, Nr. 1 (21.04.2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v22i1.20540.

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Food additives exposure assessment of benzoate is one of the important points in health risk assessment. This assessment is needed to protect the children from negative impact caused by excessive consumption of benzoate. The method used to predict individual benzoate consumption by calculating all benzoate consumption contained in food product in 3 days consumption. Concentration data of benzoate in the products was determined based on assumption of highest concentration allowed by government regulation of Food Additives i.e Permenkes no. 722/Menkes/PER/IX/1988. To obtain benzoate exposure level, the sum of benzoate consumptions was compared with safety limit level of benzoate (Acceptable Daily Intake) Value. This research resulted a mean value of benzoate consumption is 0.36 mm/kg BW (Body Weight) or its exposure level 7% ADI (ADI Benzoate= 5 mg/kg BW) and even highest consumer (95<sup>th</sup>) is 1.16 mg/kg BW or its exposure level 23% ADI

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Bruyndonckx, Robin, Samuel Coenen, Niels Adriaenssens, Ann Versporten, Dominique L. Monnet, Herman Goossens, Geert Molenberghs et al. „Analysing the trend over time of antibiotic consumption in the community: a tutorial on the detection of common change-points“. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, Supplement_2 (01.07.2021): ii79—ii85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab180.

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Abstract Objectives This tutorial describes and illustrates statistical methods to detect time trends possibly including abrupt changes (referred to as change-points) in the consumption of antibiotics in the community. Methods For the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of antibacterials for systemic use (ATC group J01) in the community, aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology and expressed in DDD (ATC/DDD index 2019) per 1000 inhabitants per day. Trends over time and presence of common change-points were studied through a set of non-linear mixed models. Results After a thorough description of the set of models used to assess the time trend and presence of common change-points herein, the methodology was applied to the consumption of antibacterials for systemic use (ATC J01) in 25 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries. The best fit was obtained for a model including two change-points: one in the first quarter of 2004 and one in the last quarter of 2008. Conclusions Allowing for the inclusion of common change-points improved model fit. Individual countries investigating changes in their antibiotic consumption pattern can use this tutorial to analyse their country data.

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Xie, Li, Karl Stol und Weiliang Xu. „Energy-Optimal Motion Trajectory of an Omni-Directional Mecanum-Wheeled Robot via Polynomial Functions“. Robotica 38, Nr. 8 (06.11.2019): 1400–1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026357471900153x.

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SUMMARYThe Mecanum wheel is one of the practical omni-directional wheel designs in industry, especially for heavy-duty tasks in a confined floor. An issue with Mecanum-wheeled robots is inefficient use of energy. In this study, the robotic motion trajectories are optimized to minimize the energy consumption, where a robotic path is expressed in polynomial functions passing through a given set of via points, and a genetic algorithm is used to find the polynomial’s coefficients being decision variables. To attempt a further reduction in the energy consumption, the via points are also taken as decision variables for the optimization. Both simulations and experiments are conducted, and the results show that the optimized trajectories result in a significant reduction in energy consumption, which can be further lowered when the via points become decision variables. It is also found that the higher the order of the polynomials the larger the reduction in the energy consumption.

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Bilharz, Michael, und Katharina Schmitt. „Going Big with Big Matters. The Key Points Approach to Sustainable Consumption“. GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society 20, Nr. 4 (15.12.2011): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/gaia.20.4.5.

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Schappert, Monika, und Michael von Hauff. „Sustainable consumption in the smart grid: From key points to eco-routine“. Journal of Cleaner Production 267 (September 2020): 121585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121585.

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Ma, Cunrui, Baohua Mao, Qi Xu, Guodong Hua, Sijia Zhang und Tong Zhang. „Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Optimization Considering Energy Consumption for Hazardous Materials Transportation“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 10 (30.09.2018): 3519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103519.

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Focusing on the multi-depot vehicle routing problem (MDVRP) for hazardous materials transportation, this paper presents a multi-objective optimization model to minimize total transportation energy consumption and transportation risk. A two-stage method (TSM) and hybrid multi-objective genetic algorithm (HMOGA) are then developed to solve the model. The TSM is used to find the set of customer points served by each depot through the global search clustering method considering transportation energy consumption, transportation risk, and depot capacity in the first stage, and to determine the service order of customer points to each depot by using a multi-objective genetic algorithm with the banker method to seek dominant individuals and gather distance to keep evolving the population distribution in the second stage, while with the HMOGA, customer points serviced by the depot and the serviced orders are optimized simultaneously. Finally, by experimenting on two cases with three depots and 20 customer points, the results show that both methods can obtain a Pareto solution set, and the hybrid multi-objective genetic algorithm is able to find better vehicle routes in the whole transportation network. Compared with distance as the optimization objective, when energy consumption is the optimization objective, although distance is slightly increased, the number of vehicles and energy consumption are effectively reduced.

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Hall, Michael C., Girish Prayag, Peter Fieger und David Dyason. „Beyond panic buying: consumption displacement and COVID-19“. Journal of Service Management 32, Nr. 1 (17.07.2020): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-05-2020-0151.

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PurposeThis study evaluates consumption displacement, the shift in consumption that occurs when consumers experience a change in the availability of goods, services and amenities to which they are accustomed as the result of an external event, and which is characterised by the points in space and time where consumption occurs and by the movements to, from, and between those points, that is occurring as a result of the effects of COVID-19 on the services sector in the Canterbury region of New Zealand.Design/methodology/approachBased on consumer spending data, the authors identify patterns of consumption displacement for the hospitality and retail sectors as defined by ANZSIC. We answer where, when, how, what and why consumption displacement happens.FindingsThe findings provide evidence of spatial and temporal displacement of consumption based on consumer spending patterns. Evidence of increased spending in some consumption categories confirms stockpiling behaviours. The hospitality sector experiences a sharp decline in consumer spending over lockdown.Originality/valueGiven the lack of studies analysing the impacts of crises and disasters on the services sector and consumption displacement, this study provides evidence of different forms of consumption displacement related to COVID-19.

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Silva dos Santos, Danilo, Fabiana Rocha Pinto und Felipe Silva dos Santos. „Intelligent Systems as Tools for Measuring Residential Energy Consumption“. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, Nr. 11 (30.11.2019): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss11.1873.

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The implementation of intelligent systems in homes for measuring energy consumption are possibilities that owe their viability to the IoT (Internet of Things and investments in R&D). Becoming fundamental for this change in the way of thinking and using electric power in households, buildings and especially in industry 4.0. The present work demonstrates an experiment focused on a residence for the analysis of energy consumption measurement, with the use of a nano arduino plate, current and voltage sensors, internet connection and use of the MQTT protocol making the integration in the Blynk platform. Obtaining as results voltage approximately 224V, electric current close to 3.89A, 356 points of samples for measurement of consumption and 255 points for preparation of graphs. Minimums for voltage and current 207.75V and 0.62A respectively and maximums 233.22V and 25.31A. A standard deviation of 5.54 for voltage and 3.33 for current. Analyses performed by Blynk, from estimates by mathematical modeling, considered by means of tests and it was observed that the behavior of current and voltage signals are close to the realities of energy distributors.

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Bruyndonckx, Robin, Ana Hoxha, Chantal Quinten, Girma Minalu Ayele, Samuel Coenen, Ann Versporten, Niels Adriaenssens et al. „Change-points in antibiotic consumption in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997–2017“. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, Supplement_2 (01.07.2021): ii68—ii78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab179.

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Abstract Objectives Surveillance of antibiotic consumption in the community is of utmost importance to inform and evaluate control strategies. Data on two decades of antibiotic consumption in the community were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries. This article reviews temporal trends and the presence of abrupt changes in subgroups of relevance in antimicrobial stewardship. Methods For the period 1997–2017, data on yearly antibiotic consumption in the community, aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC classification and expressed in DDD (ATC/DDD index 2019) per 1000 inhabitants per day. We applied a range of non-linear mixed models to assess the presence of changes in the consumption of antibacterials for systemic use (ATC group J01) and eight antibiotic subgroups. Results For the majority of the studied groups, a country-specific change-point model provided the best fit. Depending on the antibiotic group/subgroup and on the country, change-points were spread out between 2000 and 2013. Conclusions Due to the heterogeneity in antibiotic consumption in the community across EU/EEA countries, a country-specific change-point model provided the better fit. Given the limitations of this model, our recommendation for the included countries is to carefully interpret the country-specific results presented in this article and to use the tutorial included in this series to conduct their own change-point analysis when evaluating the impact of changes in regulations, public awareness campaigns, and other national interventions to improve antibiotic consumption in the community.

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Li, Jun, Shao Hua Li und Ruo Zhu Li. „Sensitivity Analysis of Parameters Affecting the Number of Data Points in Kriging Interpolation“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 318 (Mai 2013): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.318.531.

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The more data used in Kriging interpolation, the more reliable the results will be, but time consumption will increase exponentially. In order to ensure as much as data be involved in interpolation and maintaining reasonable time consuming, the number of data points must be properly selected. The number of conditional data points is determined by average weight coefficient based on the deep analysis of Kriging interpolation algorithm of Geostatistics. When the average weight coefficient is small enough, finding the balance point, then accuracy and time consumption can achieve a best result. Change dimensions, grid size and the range of Variogram to analyze the sensitivity the data points selected imposed on them. The most ideal number of data points is 40-60, and the main affecting factor is calculation dimension.

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Jin, Cheng, Yili Zhang, Xuchao Yang, Naizhuo Zhao, Zutao Ouyang und Wenze Yue. „Mapping China’s Electronic Power Consumption Using Points of Interest and Remote Sensing Data“. Remote Sensing 13, Nr. 6 (11.03.2021): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061058.

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Producing gridded electric power consumption (EPC) maps at a fine geographic scale is critical for rational deployment and effective utilization of electric power resources. Brightness of nighttime light (NTL) has been extensively adopted to evaluate the spatial patterns of EPC at multiple geographical scales. However, the blooming effect and saturation issue of NTL imagery limit its ability to accurately map EPC. Moreover, limited sectoral separation in applying NTL leads to the inaccurate spatial distribution of EPC, particularly in the case of industrial EPC, which is often a dominant portion of the total EPC in China. This study pioneers the separate estimation of spatial patterns of industrial and nonindustrial EPC over mainland China by jointly using points of interest (POIs) and multiple remotely sensed data in a random forests (RF) model. The POIs provided fine and detailed information about the different socioeconomic activities and played a significant role in determining industrial and nonindustrial EPC distribution. Based on the RF model, we produced industrial, non-industrial, and overall EPC maps at a 1 km resolution in mainland China for 2011. Compared against statistical data at the county level, our results showed a high accuracy (R2 = 0.958 for nonindustrial EPC estimation, 0.848 for industrial EPC estimation, and 0.913 for total EPC). This study indicated that the proposed RF-based method, integrating POIs and multiple remote sensing data, can markedly improve the accuracy for estimating EPC. This study also revealed the great potential of POIs in mapping the distribution of socioeconomic parameters.

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Liu, Jianghong, Lezhou Wu, Phoebe Um, Jessica Wang, Tanja V. E. Kral, Alexandra Hanlon und Zumin Shi. „Breakfast Consumption Habits at Age 6 and Cognitive Ability at Age 12: A Longitudinal Cohort Study“. Nutrients 13, Nr. 6 (17.06.2021): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13062080.

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This study aimed to assess the relationship between breakfast composition and long-term regular breakfast consumption and cognitive function. Participants included 835 children from the China Jintan Cohort Study for the cross-sectional study and 511 children for the longitudinal study. Breakfast consumption was assessed at ages 6 and 12 through parental and self-administered questionnaires. Cognitive ability was measured as a composition of IQ at age 6 and 12 and academic achievement at age 12, which were assessed by the Chinese versions of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales and standardized school reports, respectively. Multivariable general linear and mixed models were used to evaluate the relationships between breakfast consumption, breakfast composition and cognitive performance. In the longitudinal analyses, 94.7% of participants consumed breakfast ≥ 4 days per week. Controlling for nine covariates, multivariate mixed models reported that compared to infrequent breakfast consumption, regular breakfast intake was associated with an increase of 5.54 points for verbal and 4.35 points for full IQ scores (p < 0.05). In our cross-sectional analyses at age 12, consuming grain/rice or meat/egg 6–7 days per week was significantly associated with higher verbal, performance, and full-scale IQs, by 3.56, 3.69, and 4.56 points, respectively (p < 0.05), compared with consuming grain/rice 0–2 days per week. Regular meat/egg consumption appeared to facilitate academic achievement (mean difference = 0.232, p = 0.043). No association was found between fruit/vegetable and dairy consumption and cognitive ability. In this 6-year longitudinal study, regular breakfast habits are associated with higher IQ. Frequent grain/rice and meat/egg consumption during breakfast may be linked with improved cognitive function in youth.

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Buğra, Ayşe, und Gürol Irzik. „Human Needs, Consumption, and Social Policy“. Economics and Philosophy 15, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1999): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267100003977.

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From its early origins to the present, the development of mainstream economic theory has taken a direction which has excluded the analysis of human needs as a basis for social policy. The problems associated with this orientation are increasingly recognized both by economists and non-economists. As Sen (1985) points out, it is indeed strange for a discipline concerned with the well-being of people to neglect the question of needs. Currently, some writers such as Doyal and Gough (1991), post-Keynesian economists such as Lavoie (1994), and those such as Davis and O'Boyle (1994) who work in the newly emerging school of social economics have begun to address the question of human needs, especially in relation to problems of policy assessment and evaluation. The approaches of some development economists who have dealt with similar issues were also instrumental in drawing attention to the significance of the long-neglected concept of needs (Stewart, 1985; Cole and Miles, 1984).

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Bylok, Felicjan. „Intricacies of modern consumption: Consumerism vs. deconsumption“. Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 20, Nr. 8 (01.03.2017): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.8.06.

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The subject of considerations in the paper is a reflection on modern consumption. The author, in search of an answer to the question what main orientations determine consumer behaviour in the market, formulates the hypothesis that deconsumption may become a permanent trend in the development of modern consumption. In order to verify this hypothesis, consumerism along with its main styles and deconsumption as a response to excessive consumption are analysed. The author presents forms of deconsumption, i.e. sustainable consumption, green consumerism, ethical consumption, anti-consumption and consumer movements promoting such forms of consumption. In the conclusions, he points to the development potential of deconsumption manifested in a growing number of consumers who are changing their consumption habits into more socially and environmentally friendly ones.

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Bruyndonckx, Robin, Niels Adriaenssens, Ann Versporten, Niel Hens, Dominique L. Monnet, Geert Molenberghs, Herman Goossens et al. „Consumption of antibiotics in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997–2017“. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, Supplement_2 (01.07.2021): ii7—ii13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab172.

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Abstract Objectives Data on antibiotic consumption in the community were collected from 30 EU/EEA countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in the composition of the main antibiotic groups. Methods For the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of antibiotics, i.e. antibacterials for systemic use (ATC group J01), in the community, aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and in packages per 1000 inhabitants per day. Antibiotic consumption was analysed based on ATC-3 groups, and presented as trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and compositional changes. Results In 2017, antibiotic consumption in the community expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day varied by a factor 3.6 between countries with the highest (Greece) and the lowest (the Netherlands) consumption. Antibiotic consumption in the EU/EEA did not change significantly over time. Antibiotic consumption showed a significant seasonal variation, which decreased over time. The number of DDD per package significantly increased over time. The proportional consumption of sulphonamides and trimethoprim (J01E) relative to other groups significantly decreased over time, while the proportional consumption of other antibacterials (J01X) relative to other groups significantly increased over time. Conclusions Overall, antibiotic consumption in the community in the EU/EEA did not change during 1997–2017, while seasonal variation consistently decreased over time. The number of DDD per package increased during 1997–2017.

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Ma, Xiao Lu, und Yong Zhang. „Drum Sludge Drying Equipment Energy Dissipation Factor Analysis“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 249-250 (Dezember 2012): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.249-250.213.

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Drum sludge drying equipment is used widely both at home and abroad, and the energy consumption is the key factor of measuring sludge drying equipment. Based on the basis of study of drum sludge drying equipment energy consumption, this paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of drum sludge drying equipment energy consumption factor, and points out that the drum sludge drying equipment energy consumption mainly depends on heat source and drying system configuration, aims to provide reference and research for drum sludge drying equipment.

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Qiao, Jun-Fei, Ying-Chun Bo, Wei Chai und Hong-Gui Han. „Adaptive optimal control for a wastewater treatment plant based on a data-driven method“. Water Science and Technology 67, Nr. 10 (01.05.2013): 2314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.087.

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In order to optimize the operating points of the dissolved oxygen concentration and the nitrate level in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) benchmark, a data-driven adaptive optimal controller (DDAOC) based on adaptive dynamical programming is proposed. This DDAOC consists of an evaluation module and an optimization module. When a certain group of operating points is given, first the evaluation module estimates the energy consumption and the effluent quality in the future under this policy, and then the optimization module adjusts the operating points according to the evaluation result generated by the evaluation module. The optimal operating points will be found gradually as this process continues repeatedly. During the optimization, only the input–output data measured from the plant are needed, while a mechanistic model is unnecessary. The DDAOC is tested and evaluated on BSM1 (Benchmark Simulation Model No.1), and its performance is compared to the performance of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller with fixed operating points under the full range of operating conditions. The results show that DDAOC can reduce the energy consumption significantly.

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Adriaenssens, Niels, Robin Bruyndonckx, Ann Versporten, Niel Hens, Dominique L. Monnet, Geert Molenberghs, Herman Goossens et al. „Consumption of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997–2017“. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, Supplement_2 (01.07.2021): ii30—ii36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab175.

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Abstract Objectives Data on the consumption of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (MLS) in the community were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in composition of the main subgroups of MLS. Methods For the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of MLS, i.e. ATC group J01F, in the community and aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and in packages per 1000 inhabitants per day. Consumption of MLS was analysed and presented as trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and compositional changes, using a classification based on mean plasma elimination half-life for macrolides. Results In 2017, consumption of MLS in the community expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day varied by a factor of 13 between countries with the highest (Greece) and the lowest (Sweden) consumption. Consumption of MLS did not change significantly up to 2003, after which it significantly increased up to 2007. No significant change was observed after 2007. Consumption of MLS showed high seasonal variation. The proportional consumption of long-acting macrolides significantly increased over time compared with that of intermediate-acting macrolides, and proportional consumption of the latter increased compared with that of short-acting macrolides. Conclusions Consumption of MLS did not change significantly over time during 2007–2017, while the proportional consumption of long-acting macrolides increased. Seasonal variation remained high, which suggests that MLS are still prescribed inappropriately in many countries.

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Bruyndonckx, Robin, Niels Adriaenssens, Niel Hens, Ann Versporten, Dominique L. Monnet, Geert Molenberghs, Herman Goossens et al. „Consumption of penicillins in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997–2017“. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, Supplement_2 (01.07.2021): ii14—ii21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab173.

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Abstract Objectives Data on consumption of penicillins in the community were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in the composition of the main subgroups of penicillins. Methods For the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of penicillins, i.e. β-lactam antibacterials, penicillins (ATC group J01C), in the community aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and in packages per 1000 inhabitants per day. Consumption of penicillins was analysed based on ATC-4 subgroups, and presented as trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and compositional changes. Results In 2017, consumption of penicillins in the community expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day varied by a factor of 4.9 between countries with the highest (Spain) and the lowest (the Netherlands) consumption. An increase in consumption of penicillins, which was not statistically significant, was observed between 1997 and 2003 and up to 2010. A decrease, which was not statistically significant, was observed from 2010 onwards. Proportional consumption of combinations of penicillins, including β-lactamase inhibitors (J01CR) increased during 1997–2017, which coincided with a decrease in the proportional consumption of extended-spectrum penicillins (J01CA) and narrow-spectrum penicillins (J01CE). Conclusions Considerable variation in the patterns of consumption of penicillins was observed between EU/EEA countries. The consumption of penicillins in the EU/EEA community did not change significantly over time, while the proportional consumption of combinations of penicillins increased.

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Adriaenssens, Niels, Robin Bruyndonckx, Ann Versporten, Niel Hens, Dominique L. Monnet, Geert Molenberghs, Herman Goossens et al. „Consumption of quinolones in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997–2017“. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, Supplement_2 (01.07.2021): ii37—ii44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab176.

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Abstract Objectives Data on quinolone consumption in the community were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in the composition of main subgroups of quinolones. Methods For the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of quinolones, i.e. ATC group J01M, in the community and aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and in packages per 1000 inhabitants per day. Quinolone consumption was analysed by subgroups based on pharmacokinetic profile, and presented as trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and compositional changes. Results In 2017, quinolone consumption in the community expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day varied by a factor of 8.2 between countries with the highest (Bulgaria) and the lowest (Norway) consumption. The second-generation quinolones accounted for >50% of quinolone consumption in most countries. Quinolone consumption significantly increased up to 2001, and did not change significantly afterwards. Seasonal variation increased significantly over time. Proportional consumption of third-generation quinolones significantly increased over time relative to that of second-generation quinolones, while proportional consumption of both third- and second-generation quinolones significantly increased relative to that of first-generation quinolones. Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin represented >40% of quinolone consumption in the community in southern EU/EEA countries. Conclusions Quinolone consumption in the community is no longer increasing in the EU/EEA, but its seasonal variation continues to increase significantly as is the proportion of quinolones to treat respiratory infections.

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Athavale, Jayati, Minami Yoda und Yogendra Joshi. „Genetic algorithm based cooling energy optimization of data centers“. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 31, Nr. 10 (18.01.2021): 3148–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-01-2020-0036.

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Purpose This study aims to present development of genetic algorithm (GA)-based framework aimed at minimizing data center cooling energy consumption by optimizing the cooling set-points while ensuring that thermal management criteria are satisfied. Design/methodology/approach Three key components of the developed framework include an artificial neural network-based model for rapid temperature prediction (Athavale et al., 2018a, 2019), a thermodynamic model for cooling energy estimation and GA-based optimization process. The static optimization framework informs the IT load distribution and cooling set-points in the data center room to simultaneously minimize cooling power consumption while maximizing IT load. The dynamic framework aims to minimize cooling power consumption in the data center during operation by determining most energy-efficient set-points for the cooling infrastructure while preventing temperature overshoots. Findings Results from static optimization framework indicate that among the three levels (room, rack and row) of IT load distribution granularity, Rack-level distribution consumes the least cooling power. A test case of 7.5 h implementing dynamic optimization demonstrated a reduction in cooling energy consumption between 21%–50% depending on current operation of data center. Research limitations/implications The temperature prediction model used being data-driven, is specific to the lab configuration considered in this study and cannot be directly applied to other scenarios. However, the overall framework can be generalized. Practical implications The developed framework can be implemented in data centers to optimize operation of cooling infrastructure and reduce energy consumption. Originality/value This paper presents a holistic framework for improving energy efficiency of data centers which is of critical value given the high (and increasing) energy consumption by these facilities.

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Dai, Lan, Xin Hui und Tao Sun. „Design of 3780 Points FFT Processor for DTMB Receiver“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (Dezember 2012): 853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.853.

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In this paper, a design of FFT processor for Digital terrestrial multimedia/television broadcasting (DTMB) receiver is presented. This processor is based on mixed-radix algorithms, prime factor algorithms and Winograd Fourier Transform algorithm (WFTA). Due to the adopted in-place algorithm in this design, the area consumption of the processor is reduced, and the simulation shows that SQNR of the processor is 60.5dB on the condition that the input and output data are both 13 bits.

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COLOMBINO, UGO, ERIK HERNÆS, MARILENA LOCATELLI und STEINAR STRØM. „Pension reforms, liquidity constraints and labour supply responses“. Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 10, Nr. 1 (18.03.2010): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747209990357.

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AbstractLabour supply responses among older people are estimated on 1996 cross-section register data covering all Norwegians aged 55–68, with an inter-temporal structural model of retirement decisions. Simulations illustrate the impact of introducing flexible pension take-up with actuarial adjustment. With the option of perfect consumption smoothing via the credit market, the reform which comes into effect in Norway from 2011 will reduce the share of retired persons in the age bracket 60–67 (in the base year 15–16%) by around 3 percentage points. With no consumption smoothing, the reduction will be 0.75 percentage points.

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Bartle, Toby, Barbara Mullan, Elizaveta Novoradovskaya, Vanessa Allom und Penelope Hasking. „The role of choice in eating behaviours“. British Food Journal 121, Nr. 11 (24.10.2019): 2696–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-04-2019-0222.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of choice on the development and maintenance of a fruit consumption behaviour and if behaviour change was underpinned by habit strength. Design/methodology/approach A 2×2×3 mixed model experimental design was used. The independent variables were pictorial cue and fruit consumption manipulated on two levels: choice and no choice, across three-time points: baseline, post-intervention (after two weeks) and follow-up (one week later). Participants (n=166) completed demographics, the self-report habit index and fruit intake at all three-time points. Findings All participants showed significant increases in fruit consumption and habit strength at post-intervention and follow-up. However, participants provided neither choice of cue nor fruit showed a significant decrease in consumption at follow-up. Practical implications Fruit consumption can be significantly increased with a relatively simple intervention; choice seems to have an effect on behaviour maintenance, providing no choice negatively effects behaviour maintenance post-intervention. This may inform future interventions designed to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Originality/value The intervention that the authors designed and implemented in the current study is the first of its kind, where choice was manipulated in two different ways and behaviour was changed with a simple environmental cue intervention.

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Versporten, Ann, Robin Bruyndonckx, Niels Adriaenssens, Niel Hens, Dominique L. Monnet, Geert Molenberghs, Herman Goossens et al. „Consumption of cephalosporins in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997–2017“. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, Supplement_2 (01.07.2021): ii22—ii29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab174.

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Abstract Objectives Data on cephalosporin consumption in the community were collected from 30 EU/EEA countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in the composition of the main subgroups of cephalosporins. Methods For the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of cephalosporins (i.e. first-, second-, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins; ATC subgroups J01DB, J01DC, J01DD and J01DE, respectively) in the community and aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and in packages per 1000 inhabitants per day. Cephalosporin consumption was analysed based on ATC-4 subgroup, and presented as trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and compositional changes. Results In 2017, cephalosporin consumption in the community expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day varied by a factor of 285 between countries with the highest (Greece) and the lowest (the Netherlands) consumption. Cephalosporin consumption did not change significantly between the first quarter of 1997 and the last quarter of 2017. Seasonal variation decreased significantly over time. Proportional consumption of second- and third-generation cephalosporins significantly increased over time compared with that of first-generation cephalosporins, and proportional consumption of fourth-generation cephalosporins significantly decreased compared with that of second- and third-generation cephalosporins. Conclusions Despite considerable variation between countries in the composition of cephalosporin consumption and trends over time, a significant shift towards consumption of more broad-spectrum cephalosporins in the community was observed across the EU/EEA during 1997–2017.

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Kamaev, A. V., O. V. Trusova, U. A. Butyrina und I. V. Makarova. „Improvement of therapy efficacy in children with atopic dermatitis due to emollient complex“. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 64, Nr. 3 (30.06.2019): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2019-64-3-109-117.

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Active studies of atopic dermatitis (AtD) have revealed new disease pathways and confirmed the complex treatment approach need, including different forms of emollients (creams and bath treatments). Study aim: to show effectiveness of locally produced moisturizing cream and bathing oil combination (Lipobase baby trademark) in the complex treatment of babies and toddlers with AtD.Patients and methods. Thirty children (60% boys) aged from 6 to 36 months with mild/moderate AtD were included in open prospective non-comparative study 30 days long. Initial and after each 2 weeks SCORAD and dairies for 10 points skin itch and sleep disturbance scores, moisturizers consumption and adverse events were evaluated. Global evaluation of treatment effectiveness score were performed by patient’s doctor.Results. Medium compliance for moisturizers consumption was 89.2% days. Medium SCORAD results decreased from visit 1 to 3: from 23.5±7.3 points to 18.7±4.9 points and to 14.6±3.1 points. After 2 weeks complex therapy including investigated moisturizers, medium day skin itch score was reduced from 6.4 to 3.6 points, also as sleep disturbance score from 2.6 to 1.2 points. Direct moderate correlation (r=0.64, p=0.012) was revealed between number of days without skin itch or sleep disturbance and compliance to moisturizers consumption. No any adverse event caused by investigated products was registered.Conclusion. Inclusion of locally produced moisturizing cream and bathing oil (Lipobase baby trademark) in the complex AtD therapy improve the treatment efficacy.Conflict of interest: Products of medical cosmetics for use in this Protocol are provided by the Pharmatek Company LLC. Representatives of the Company did not participate in the statistical processing, interpretation of the results and preparation of this publication.

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O’Reilly, Helen, Aisling Hagerty, Seamus O’Donnell, Aoife Farrell, Dan Hartnett, Edel Murphy, Elizabeth Kehoe, Vincent Agyapong, Declan M. McLoughlin und Conor Farren. „Alcohol Use Disorder and Comorbid Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effectiveness of Supportive Text Messages in Aiding Recovery“. Alcohol and Alcoholism 54, Nr. 5 (09.01.2019): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agz060.

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This randomized controlled trial examined the impact of daily supportive text messages over a six-month treatment period on mood and alcohol consumption in individuals with a dual diagnosis of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depression. Results highlighted mood benefits at 3-month and lower alcohol consumption at 6-month treatment points.

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Mchiouer, Fatiha, Hossain El Ouarghi, Said Benyoussef und Mustapha Abourrich. „Assessment of health risks related to groundwater consumption in Al-Hoceima region“. E3S Web of Conferences 240 (2021): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124001001.

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Water is a precious natural resource for life, and more vulnerable to different contaminations; it has become less and less drinkable because it is polluted and can carry pathogenic germs that cause water diseases. The population of the Al-Hoceima region is supplied with drinking water from the network of the National Drinking Water Board, which is not widespread in rural areas where there is the frequent use of communal water points (spring or well). Health concerns remain related to the consumption of untreated well water, in the absence of a department responsible for the management of well water (development, equipment, treatment, protection, and quality control). To preserve the health of the population from any source of contamination carried by water, the Ministry of Health, carries out, through the provincial hygiene services, the control and monitoring of the physical-chemical and bacteriological quality of water in the framework of the fight against water diseases. The objective of this work was to determine the state of groundwater quality in the Al-Hoceima region, based on the study of physicochemical and bacteriological parameters. A control of 41 collective water points was carried out, including 30 wells and 11 springs. The collected samples were analyzed to measure some physical parameters: electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen, possibly looking for indicator germs of fecal contamination, namely coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and intestinal enterococci. The results revealed fecal contamination of all collective water points by coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli. Appropriate measures must be taken for the disinfection of these waters before their use.

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Versporten, Ann, Robin Bruyndonckx, Niels Adriaenssens, Niel Hens, Dominique L. Monnet, Geert Molenberghs, Herman Goossens et al. „Consumption of tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and other antibacterials in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997–2017“. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, Supplement_2 (01.07.2021): ii45—ii59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab177.

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Abstract Objectives Data on consumption of tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and other antibacterials were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in the composition of main subgroups of tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim and other antibacterials. Methods For the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of tetracyclines (ATC group J01A), sulphonamides and trimethoprim (ATC group J01E), and other antibacterials (ATC group J01X) in the community and aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and in packages per 1000 inhabitants per day. Consumption of tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and other antibacterials was analysed based on ATC-4 subgroups and presented as trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and compositional changes. Results In 2017, consumption of tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and other antibacterials in the community expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day varied considerably between countries. Between 1997 and 2017, consumption of tetracyclines did not change significantly, while its seasonal variation significantly decreased over time. Consumption of sulphonamides and trimethoprim significantly decreased until 2006, and its seasonal variation significantly decreased over time. The consumption of other antibacterials showed no significant change over time or in seasonal variation. Conclusions Consumption and composition of tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and other antibacterials showed wide variations between EU/EEA countries and over time. This represents an opportunity to further reduce consumption of these groups in some countries and improve the quality of their prescription.

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Biesbroek, Sander, WM Monique Verschuren, Jolanda MA Boer, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Ivonne Sluijs und Elisabeth HM Temme. „Are our diets getting healthier and more sustainable? Insights from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition – Netherlands (EPIC-NL) cohort“. Public Health Nutrition 22, Nr. 16 (31.07.2019): 2931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019001824.

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AbstractObjective:To identify differences in dietary quality, dietary greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and food consumption over 20 years in a Dutch cohort.Design:Participants (n 8932) filled out an FFQ in 1993–1997 and in 2015. The Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015 (DHD15-index) score, GHG emissions and consumption of food groups (g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)) were compared between the time points with paired t tests.Setting:The Netherlands.Participants:European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition – Netherlands (EPIC-NL) cohort, aged 18–65 years at baseline.Results:Total energy intake decreased by –678 (95 % CI –4908, 3377) kJ/d (–162 (95 % CI –1173, 807) kcal/d) for men and –372 (95 % CI –3820, 3130) kJ/d (–89 (95 % CI –913, 748) kcal/d) for women. DHD15-index scores increased by 11 % (from 64·8 to 71·9 points) and 13 % (from 65·2 to 73·6 points) in men and women, respectively (P < 0·0001), mainly due to an increased (shell)fish and nuts/seeds/nut paste consumption. After energy intake adjustment, dietary-related GHG emissions increased by 5 % in men (2·48–2·61 kg CO2-eq/4184 kJ (1000 kcal), P < 0·0001) and were similar in women (0·4 %, 2·70–2·71 kg CO2-eq/4184 kJ (1000 kcal), P = 0·3930) due to the increased consumption of (shell)fish, nuts/seeds/nut paste, poultry and higher GHG-intensive red meats such as beef.Conclusions:This Dutch cohort analyses showed more healthy diets without mitigated GHG emissions over a 20-year period, at similar energy intakes. Higher consumption of (shell)fish and poultry was not yet at the expense of red and processed meat. Lower consumption of animal-based foods is needed to achieve healthier as well as environmentally friendly diets.

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