Dissertationen zum Thema „Points de contacts quantiques“
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Zimmermann, Katrin. „Contacts ponctuels quantiques dans le graphène de haute mobilité“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the quantum Hall regime, the charge carriers are conducted within one-dimensional channels propagating at the edge of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). A quantum point contact (QPC) – a narrow constriction confining spatially electron transport – can control the transmission of these quantum Hall edge channels. In conventional 2DEG systems, a negative voltage applied on the electrostatic split gates depletes locally the electrons underneath them forcing the electrons to pass through the constriction. In contrast, due to the absence of a band gap in graphene, a negative gate voltage induces a continuous shift of the doping from electrons to holes. In the quantum Hall regime, electron and hole edge channels propagate along the pn-interface in the same direction while inelastic scattering induces charge transfer and mixing between them.In this PhD thesis, we have fabricated ballistic graphene devices made by van der Waals stacking of hBN/Gr/hBN heterostructures, and equipped with split gates forming a quantum point contact (QPC) constriction. We have studied the effect of the QPC on the propagation of integer and fractional quantum Hall edge channels and the mixing among them. In the quantum Hall regime, we demonstrate that the integer and fractional quantum Hall edge channels can be controlled and selectively transmitted by the QPC. Due to the high mobility of our devices and the resultant full lifting of the degeneracies of the Landau levels in strong magnetic field, equilibration at the pn-interface is restricted to sublevels of identical spins of the N=0 Landau level.A QPC in the quantum Hall regime offers also an ideal system to study the tunnelling of charge carriers between counter-propagating fractional edge channels of highly correlated, one-dimensional fermions described by the theory of Tomonaga-Luttinger. We study the tunnelling between fractional quantum Hall edge channels in our QPC device in graphene and focus on the 7/3-fractional state to explore the temperature dependence of tunnelling characteristics
Seoudi, Tarek. „Non-intrusive CdSe-based quantum dots for sensing pressure and temperature in lubricated contacts“. Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is dedicated to the measurement of local pressure and temperature and to compare the heat generation in all-steel and silicon nitride-steel (hybrid) elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contacts. The ultimate goal of this work is to develop a new non-intrusive in situ technique, exploiting the sensitivity of the photoluminescence (PL) of CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) to pressure and temperature. Dispersible in small concentration in lubricants, it is shown that the QDs doesn’t modify the rheological behavior of the carrier fluid and that shearing is not perturbative to the QDs PL response. The calibration of QDs in the suspension confirms the QDs PL dependence on temperature and pressure. The in situ measurements were conducted in EHD contacts using a ball-on-disc test rig. Comparisons between pressure and temperature measurements and predictions, using an in–house finite element thermal EHD model, showed a good agreement which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed methodology. The effects of sliding and normal loading on pressure, temperature and heat generation are indicated. The effect of the thermal properties of the solid materials is underlined and the partition of the generated heat between the contacting solids is investigated. The energy equilibrium between the mechanical energy and the internal thermal energy generated by compression and shearing is demonstrated by comparing experimental power losses and numerical heat generation, in steel-steel and hybrid contacts
Szewc, Wojciech. „Theory and simulation of scanning gate microscopy : applied to the investigation of transport in quantum point contacts“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876522.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLamouche, Guy. „Propriétés optiques des semiconducteurs, impuretés et points quantiques“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21480.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLachance-Quirion, Dany. „Étude par transport électrique de points quantiques colloïdaux“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29510/29510.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDionne, Patrice. „Biofonctionnalisation de points quantiques pour le suivi de récepteurs synaptiques“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28940/28940.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSauret, Olivier. „Transport de spin dans des points quantiques et information quantique“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10191.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis applies nanoelectronics to quantum information. Electron spin is used to carry information. It is controlled and manipulated in nanocircuits with one more quantum dots. Because of Coulomb blocade quantum dots allow the transport one by one of electrons (or spins). The first part of this thesis develops theoretical methods to study nanocircuits with quantum dots. Quantum master equations describes the evolution of a system by the evolution of its density matrix. From them, one can get average current and current correlation between two points of the circuits. We particularly insist on spin-resolved current noise, which allows to distinguish coulombian correlation introduced by repulsion between electrons and correlations due to pauli principle. These methods are applied in the second part to devices aimed at performing elementary operations for quantum information. A device, composed of one superconductor coupled to two information. A spin-teleportation protocol is then proposed. The correspondong device is in principle autocontrolled by coulombien interaction
Choi, Deung Jang. „Effet Kondo et détection d'un courant polarisé en spin dans un point de contact quantique“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862415.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelage, Marie-Ève. „Caractérisation de points quantiques comme matériau luminescent pour applications en dosimétrie“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents the investigation of a new luminescent material as the sensible volume of scintillating dosimeters, a material which has been developed in the past twenty years: colloidal quantum dots (cQDs). These nanocrystals are composed of semiconductors and have unique properties, which are in part due to the three-dimensional quantum confinement of their charge carriers. cQDs constitute a material of interest for scintillation dosimetry since they have a more important light emission than their bulk counterpart. Moreover, they have a wide absorption and a narrow emission spectrum, for which their maximum absorption (emission) is tuneable with the cQD size and composition. The cQDs can be incorporated to many physical supports like liquids or plastics. Few studies have characterized cQDs as scintillators for an application in radiation oncology dosimetry. Thus, many research paths had to be explored to establish the portrait of cQDs as a luminescent material for applications in dosimetry. cQDs under multiple physical forms were tested: powder, liquids and plastics. Even though the major part of the thesis deals with the characterization of cQDs, work has been done on improving the light signal collection. This part of the project was motivated by the low duty cycle of the linear accelerator (0.144%), which results in a continuous light acquisition including a lot of noise. Thus, a prototype of an integrated synchronized circuit was developed and lead to a better signal to noise ratio of the light signal collected, evaluated to be up to 8 times better. The first study on the cQD characterization reports the comparison results of the resistance to ionizing radiation of core/shell (CS) and multishell (MS) cQDs, the type that is used throughout the thesis. MS cQDs have proven to have a better radiation resistance than CS cQDs due to their better surface passivation. Moreover, repeated irradiations separated with pauses put forward an opposite trend concerning the effect of the pauses on the recovery of the scintillation efficiency. CS cQDs presented an accelerated degradation of their light production efficiency while MS cQDs showed a systematic scintillation efficiency recovery. In the second study, measurements were conducted in order to characterize the cQD liquid dispersions. It was observed that the cQD dispersion scintillation efficiency was dependent on the nature of the solvent. The alkylbenzene dispersion, offering the best light production, wasshown to reach a tenth of the light emission intensity of the commercial scintillator Ultima Gold. This observation is remarkable since the cQD concentration is five orders of magnitude lower than the fluorophore concentration in Ultima Gold. The last study presents the continuing characterization of the cQD powder and the cQD liquid dispersions as dosimeters. It is reported that their scintillation output is linear with dose when the cQDs are irradiated with various photon and electron beam energies. The light output dependence on beam energy was also quantified and it was shown that the cQD liquid dispersions have the least important dependence. Indeed, the alkylbenzene dispersion has a maximal signal variation from 6 MV of 15% observed at 220 kVp, a variation lower than what was reported for the scintillating fiber BCF-60 and Ultima Gold. Preliminary results are also presented for the cQD plastic scintillators. At kV energies, it was observed that the energy dependence of the scintillation output followed a similar trend than that of the BCF-60’s but had a lower variation amplitude. To conclude, each of the cQD forms has a potential in being used for scintillation dosimetry considering their proper particularities. These particularities are discussed in detail in the conclusion of the thesis.
Nguyen, Hai Son. „Contrôle optique de l'émission résonnante de boites quantiques semiconductrices“. Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066542.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLy, Ousmane. „Microscopie à grille locale comme outil d’extraction des propriétés électroniques locales en transport quantique“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe scanning gate microscopy (SGM) technique consists in measuring the conductance of a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) under the influence of a scanning tip. In this work, an analytical approach complemented by numerical simulations is developed to study the connection between SGM measurements and local electronic properties in mesoscopic devices. The connection between the SGM response and the partial local density of states (PLDOS) is studied for the case of a quantum point contact surrounded by clean or disordered 2DEG for perturbative or non-perturbative, local or extended tips. An SGM-PLDOS correspondence is found for integer transmissions and local tips. The degradation of this correspondence out of these conditions is studied. Moreover, a presumed link between the SGM response and the Hilbert transform of the LDOS is discussed. To study the role of the tip strength, an analytical formula giving the full conductance in the case of local tips is obtained. Furthermore, a Green function method enabling to calculate the quantum conductance in the presence of a finite size tip in terms of the unperturbed properties is proposed. Finally the dependence of the PLDOS branches on the Fermi energy is studied
Pioro-Ladrière, Michel. „Étude par spectroscopie de Coulomb de points quantiques latéraux individuels et couplés“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrun, Boris. „Electron interactions in mesoscopic physics : Scanning Gate Microscopy and interferometry at a quantum point contact“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY049/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we studied the effect of electron electron interactions in quantum pointcontacts (QPCs). Quantum point contacts are small quasi-one dimensional channels,designed on a high mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). A negative voltageapplied on a pair of metallic split gates above the sample surface allows to open or closethe QPC. As a QPC opens, more and more electronic modes are allowed to cross theQPC, and its conductance increases by discrete steps, separated by a conductance quantum2e2/h. This can be understood from a single-particle picture in one-dimensionaltransport, as each transverse mode carries a conductance quantum.But from their first realization 25 years ago, quantum point contacts have shown deviationsfrom this picture, attributed to electron electron interactions. The most well knownare a shoulder below the first plateau, around 0.7×2e2/h, called the "0.7 anomaly", and apeak in the differential conductance that arises at low temperature: the zero bias anomaly(ZBA).The tool we used to study these interaction effects is a scanning gate microscope (SGM).It consists by changing locally the device’s potential with the polarized tip of an atomicforce microscope (AFM), and record the changes in conductance as a function of the tipposition. By performing this technique at very low temperature, we showed that we canmodulate the conductance anomalies of QPCs. We interpret our result as the signatureof a small electrons crystal forming spontaneously at low density in the QPC due to theCoulomb repulsion: a Wigner crystal. We can modify the number of crystallized electronsby approaching the tip, and obtain signatures of the parity of the localized electrons numberin transport features. Depending on this parity, the Wigner crystal has a differentspin state, and screening of this spin by the surrounding electrons through the so-calledKondo effect leads alternatively to a single peak or a split ZBA. This discovery bringsa significant advance in this field, that has attracted research efforts of many importantgroups in the world over the past 15 years.We then performed interferometric measurements thanks to the scanning gate microscopeby creating in-situ interferometers in the 2DEG. We obtained signatures of an additionalphase shift accumulated by the electrons in the ZBA regime. We attribute this effect tothe universal phase shift that electrons accumulate when crossing a Kondo singlet, reinforcingthat the debated origin of the ZBA lies in Kondo physics.Finally, we adapted the SGM technique to the study of thermoelectric transport in QPCs,and for the first time imaged interferences of electrons driven by a temperature difference
Ménard, Samuel. „Étude des propriétés magnéto-optiques de structures à points quantiques indium(x) gallium(1-x) arsenic/arsenure de gallium“. Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenGrémion, Emile. „Transistor balistique quantique et HEMT bas-bruit pour la cryoélectronique inférieure à 4. 2 K“. Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNext generations of cryodetectors, widely used in physics of particles and physics of universe, will need in the future high-performance cryoelectronics less noisy and closer to the detector. Within this context, this work investigates properties of two dimensional electron gas GaAlAs/GaAs by studying two components, quantum point contact (QPC) and high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). Thanks to quantized conductance steps in QPC, we have realized a quantum ballistic transistor (voltage gain higher than 1), a new component useful for cryoelectronics thanks to its operating temperature and weak power consumption (about 1 nW). Moreover, the very low capacity of this component leads to promising performances for multiplexing low temperature bolometer dedicated to millimetric astronomy. The second study focused on HEMT with very high quality 2DEG. At 4. 2 K, a voltage gain higher than 20 can be obtained with a very low power dissipation of less than 100 μW. Under the above experimental conditions, an equivalent input voltage noise of 1. 2 nV/Hz^(1/2) at 1 kHz and 0. 12 nV/Hz^(1/2) at 100 kHz has been reached. According to the Hooge formula, these noise performances are get by increasing gate capacity estimated to 60 pF
Allen, Claudine. „Points quantiques sur substrat d'indium phosphure: Plate-forme pour des composantes optoélectroniques accordables“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29337.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoivin, Mathieu. „Contrôle de la morphologie dans les cellules solaires hybrides polymère-points quantiques colloïdaux“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27761/27761.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbbout, Adel. „Transport thermoélectrique dans des contacts quantiques ponctuels et de cavités chaotiques : effets thermiques et fluctuations“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793816.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVasanelli, Angela. „Transitions optiques interbandes et intrabandes dans les boîtes quantiques simples et couplées verticalement“. Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066800.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAfter an introduction on the methods used for electronic states calculation, we study electron and hole bound states in a single dot. We initially evaluate the oscillator strength and polarization selection rules for intraband transitions. We show that in a single dot the absorption is very anisotropic, depending on the polarization direction of the incident light. We also develop a model for interpreting some recent STM measurements, which are able to "image" single dot wavefunctions. Then we study vertically stacked quantum dot systems. We examine the coupling between the dots of a stack as a function of the barrier the thickness. Systems of strongly coupled dots are particularly interesting : we show that the optical anisotropy, typical of single dots, considerably diminishes in this kind of systems. Strongly couple dots are also interesting when electric field effects are studied. We show that they are as tunable as quantum wells, of the same dimensions, when an uniform electric field is applied in the growth direction. In addition to this enhanced Stark tunability, stacked dots present the advantage over quantum wells that no continuum absoprtion exists. The last part of this work is devoted to a detailed numerical study of continuum, wetting layer (2D) and barrier (3D), states. We show that the continuum states have an important role for interband transitions. We show in particular that crossed transitions, which involve bound and continuum states, lead to the appearance of a continuous background in the interband absorption spectrum in the energy range between the bound-to-bound transitions and the wetting layer absorption edge. The existence of this background, experimentally proved, shows that the "artificial atom" model is too simple to describe the features of quantum dot interban spectrum
Ribayrol, Aline. „Nanostructures de semiconducteurs semimagnétiques CdTe/(Cd,Mn)Te : magnéto-optique de puits quantiques étroits, gravure ionique réactive et caractérisation de points quantiques“. Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20126.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarichard, Anne. „Enregistrement et analyses physico-chimiques de réseaux dans des matériaux composites polymères-points quantiques“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28504/28504.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChoi, Deung jang. „Kondo effect and detection of a spin-polarized current in a quantum point contact“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAE029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Kondo effect of these single objects represents a model system to study electron correlations, which are nowadays of importance in relation to the emerging field of spin electronics, also known as spintronics, where chemical elements with partially filled d or f shells play a central role. Also of particular interest to spintronics is the interaction of single Kondo impurities with ferromagnetic leads or with other magnetic impurities. A Kondo impurity is in fact sensitive to its magnetic environment as the ASK resonance is usually split into two resonances in the presence of magnetic interactions. To some extent, the ASK resonance acts as a two-fold degenerate energy level of an atom which undergoes a Zeeman splitting in the presence of an effective magnetic field. Conversely, the detection of a Zeeman splitting indicates the existence of a magnetic field. In a QD, the coupling of the QD to the two leads is very weak in general, and the Kondo resonance is in the range of a few meV. Many studies focusing on magnetic interaction have been carried out on QDs, due to the high control that can be extended to the ASK resonance and its low energy range, allowing to split the resonance with a magnetic field of 10 T. Similar work has also been carried out in single-molecule or lithographically-defined devices. Although STM is an ideal tool to study the Kondo effect of single atoms, there is still a strong lack of experimental studies concerning atoms in the presence of magnetic interactions. This is partly due to the stronger impurity-metal hybridization compared to QDs, which places the ASK width in the range of 10 meV. An effective magnetic field of 100 T would be needed to split the resonance. The present Thesis is devoted precisely at studying the interaction between a single Kondo impurity with its magnetic environment through STM. A new strategy is adopted herecompared to former studies of this kind. Firstly, we contact a single-magnetic atom on a surface with a STM tip thereby eliminating the vacuum barrier. Secondly, we use ferromagnetic tips. The contact with a single atom allows probing the influence of ferromagnetism on the Kondo impurity i. e. its ASK resonance. But most importantly, the contact geometry produces sufficiently high current densities compared to the tunneling regime, so that the ASK resonance becomes sensitive to the presence of a spin-polarized current. This constitutes the first atomic scale detection of a spin-polarized current with a single Kondo impurity
Alterary, Seham. „Synthèse, caractérisation et fonctionnalisation de CdS et de suspensions magnétiques collïdales en vue d'application biomolécules“. Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077230.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSemiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are a new generation of inorganic probes with advantageous properties over traditional organic probes for biological applications. A major hurdle in the use of QDs for biology is the inability of the hydrophobically synthesized QDs to interface with aqueous environments. In the first part of this dissertation we describe the synthesis of water-soluble CdS QDs end-capped with N-hydroxysuccinimide ester groups, with narrow size distribution. These CdS QDs are synthesized in polyol medium using terthiophene dicarboxylic acid as a stabilizer. The structure of the hybrid product was investigated by TEM, XRD, optical and FTIR spectroscopy. The modifîed nanoparticles consist of a few tens of oligothiophène units attached to the CdS core. The free carboxylic end groups were transformed into 7V-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester and were further cross-linked with biotin and avidin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate successful modification of CdS QD surfaces. The second part, describes the synthesis and the characterization of hybrid magnetic core-shell structures. The Stöber method bas been adopted to prepare hybrid core-shell particles by coating the surfaces of monodisperse magnetic emulsion with uniform silica shells. The Stöber method has been adopted to prepare hybrid core-shell particles by coating the surfaces of monodisperse magnetic emulsion with uniform silica shells. The coated particles have been characterized by electron microscopy (TEM), XPS spectroscopy and IR and showing a core shell structure with a uniform layer of silica
Henry, Étienne. „Auto-assemblages nanostructurés à base de lipides, d'actine et de quantum dots : synthèse, structure et propriétés photophysiques“. Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S166.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTwo nanostructured self-assemblies, with and without quantum dots, were obtained by the synchronization of the growth of actin filaments and the layer stacking of lipidic membranes. A broad panel of techniques (X-rays diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy and optical microscopy) and an important instrumental development allowed to study and understand the growing dynamic of these matrices, in order to control their nanostructuration. A fluorescence micro-spectrometer has been developed to study the fluorescence of the matrix decorated by quantum dots. New photophysic properties has been characterized and are due to the nanostructuration. The new feature of the structures and their biochemical mechanism of organization, open new features in the field of self-assembled materials and nano-photonic
Sondergard, Elin. „Croissance de nanocristaux par auto-organisation en phase liquide : vers le reseau de points quantiques“. Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE5212.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGoourey, Georgia. „Elaboration et durabilité de matériaux composites à base acrylate et de points quantiques de ZnO“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22371.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work was first devoted to the influence of ZnO quantum dots (QDs) with 5 nm diameter, synthesized by sol-gel method on the physical and physico-chemical properties of the gratings recorded in acrylate photopolymers by holography. Since the photosensitizer (in our study camphorquinone) is a key element in the photopolymerization process, a double experimental/theoretical approach was applied to understand its photochemical modifications as a function of the content of the photosensitive system. The introduction of 1 wt % of Qds improves the physical properties of the photo-patterned materials (increase of the diffraction efficiency due to the spatial distribution of QDs) without modifying the kinetics of polymerization. Secondly, the influence of QDs on the durability of materials under irradiation at λ 300 nm was investigated. The exposure of pure and doped polymers leads to the chemical modifications of the polymer matrix and the release of gas. However, ZnO QDs (1 wt % loading) negatively influenced the durability by their photocatalytic effect. This effect points out the contribution of the photo-generated charge carriers to the mechanism of degradation, leading to a partial quenching of the fluorescence of QDs. It also increases with increasing QDs content and underlines the role of the polymer/nanoparticule interface. On the contrary, the presence of 1 wt % of semi-conductor nanocrystals of ZnO (size 10-30 nm) induces a stabilization of the matrix. This reveals an unexpected photo-protective effect of these nanoparticules
Richter, Mirja. „Croissance par EJM à boîtes quantiques sur des couches localement dopées par FIB“. Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work was to study and alter the energetic level structure of self-assembled InAs quantum dots by overgrowth with different cap layers. The influence of (In,Ga)As cap layers on the level structure of self-assembled InAs quantum dots was studied by capacitance-voltage spectroscopy. The red shift of the ground state emission as compared to GaAs capping was found to originate mainly from the conduction band states. With (In,Ga)(As,N) capping, emission up to 1,52 μm was demonstrated. After rapid thermal annealing, highest quality emission was found up to 1. 45 μm. Additionally, InAs quantum dots were integrated into a newly developed light emitting diode whose active region was reduced by insulation writing with focused ion beams to achieve electroluminescence from few quantum dots only. Altogether, first steps were taken towards single photon emission at the most efficient telecommunication wavelengths
Petitprez, Emmanuel. „Propriétés optiques et structurales de super-réseaux de boites quantiques auto-organisées de InAs“. Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work we present a systematic study of the optical and structural properties of self-organized InAs quantum dot superlattices. The structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (100) GaAs substrates with different spacing between the quantum dot layers. The samples have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence. A quantitative analysis of microscopy images shows that spacer layer thickness reduction improves the quantum dots uniformity and vertical alignment. However, closely stacked quantum dot layers tend to relax through the formation of structural defects identified as microtwins We report for the first time on an unusual behavior of the photoluminescence peak position when the spacer layer thickness is reduced. This behavior is interpreted in terms of quantum dot size modification, electronic coupling, partial strain relaxation and non-radiative recombination through defect centers. Simulated photoluminescence spectra only fit the experimental data when these four features are considered. Additional experimental results also support our interpretation
Chauvin, Nicolas. „Spectroscopie de la boîte quantique unique dans les systèmes InAs sur InP et InAs sur GaAs émettant à 1,3 µm : application aux sources localisées“. Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0051/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuantum dots are very promising in the field of quantum information which requires the use of single photons for quantum cryptography or quantum calculation. Thus, it is necessary to understand the physic of single InAs/GaAs and InAs/InP quantul dots emitting in 1. 3 to 1. 5 micrometer spectral range, wavelengths adapted for the transmission through optical fibres. In this thesis, we studied the exciton-biexciton complex, the fine structure splitting, the impact of the temperature and charged excitons in single quantum dots. We observed the dependence of the biexciton binding energy and of the fine structure splitting as a function of the InAs/InP quantum dot size. Moreover, the studies as a function of the temperature showed that the linewidth of the exciton recombination is in the meV range nitrogen temperature and in the 10-15 me V range at room temperature for the InAs/GaAs dots
Dutta, Bivas. „Energétique dans les dispositifs à un seul électron basés sur des îlots métalliques et des points quantiques“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY055/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt this age of technologically advanced world, the electronic devices are getting more and more densely packed with micro-electronic elements of nano-scale dimension. As a result the heat dissipation produced in these microelectronic-circuits is also increasing immensely, causing a huge amount of energy loss without any use. The textit{thermoelectric effects} come into play here as one can use this wasted heat to produce some useful work with the help of thermoelectric conversion. In order to achieve such a textit{heat engine} with a reasonably high efficiency, one needs to understand its thermal behavior at the basic level. Therefore, the study of thermal transport and thermoelectric effect in nano-structures has significant importance both from scientific and application point of view.In this thesis we present the experimental studies of thermal and thermoelectric transport in different kinds of single-electron devices, where the electronic flow can be controlled at the single electron level.First, we demonstrate the measurement of gate-controlled heat transport in a Single-Electron Transistor ($SET$), acting as a heat switch between two heat reservoirs. The measurement of temperature of the leads of the $SET$ allows us to determine its thermal conductance with the help of a steady state heat-balance among all possible paths of heat flow. The comparison of thermal conductance of the $SET$ with its electrical conductance indicates a strong violation of the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law away from the charge degeneracy.Second, we extend the study of thermal transport in single-electron devices to the quantum limit, where in addition to the Coulomb interactions the quantum effects are also need to be taken into account, and therefore the individual discrete electronic levels take part in the transport process. We discuss the heat-balance between two heat reservoirs, coupled through a single Quantum-Dot ($QD$) level, and the dissipation of the tunneling electrons on the leads. This produces Coulomb-diamond shapes in the electronic-temperature map of the `source' lead, as a function of bias and gate voltage.Third, we present the measurement of thermoelectric transport in a single $QD$ junction, starting from the weak coupling regime to the strong coupling-Kondo regime. The experiments introduces a new way of measuring thermovoltage realizing a close to perfect open-circuit condition. The thermopower in a weakly coupled $QD$ shows an expected `$e$' periodic behavior with the gate-induced charge, while it shows a distinct `$2e$' periodic feature in the presence of Kondo spin-correlation. The temperature dependence study of the Kondo-correlated thermopower reveals the fact that the Kondo-resonance is not always pinned to the Fermi level of the leads but it can be slightly off, in agreement with the theoretical predictions.This study opens the door for accessing a single $QD$ junction to operate it as a $QD$-heat engine, where the thermodynamic properties of the device are governed by the laws of textit{quantum thermodynamics}
Dif, Aurélien. „Auto-assemblages de quantum dots fonctionnalisés avec des membranes lipidiques ou des protéines“. Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S165.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work concerns the targeting between water-soluble inorganic nanocristals CdSe/ZnS (QD) and lipid membranes or proteins. Therefore small-sized peptidic quantum dots with various chemical functionalities and high colloidal stability and quantum yield were prepared. Their electrostatic interaction with opposite charged vesicles induces QD adhesion until the total covering and charge reversion of the membrane surface without any rupture. The use of various lipids leads to an nanostructured hybrid QD-Lipid assembly. In addition, polyhistidine tag (HisTag) proteins were specifically bound to pegylated functionalized QD in vitro and on transfected HeLa cells by complexation via Ni²⁺ of the QD polyacetate ligands and the protein HisTag
Labeau, Olivier. „Détection et étude de nano-objets : nanocristaux de CdSe/ZnS et molécules uniques“. Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJacquet, Romain. „Josephson effects and Cooper pair splitting in modern hybrid devices“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0293.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a Josephson junction between two superconductors with two quantum dots in between, Cooper pairs which are the elementary charge carriers of the Josephson DC current can eventually be split (CAR process). If a magnetic flux threads the area enclosed by dots and superconductors, the critical current as a function of the Aharonov-Bohm phase can give information about this nonlocal process through an equilibrium measurement. A splitting efficiency has been defined so that experimental parameters optimizing Cooper pair splitting can be indicated to the experimentalist. In a Josephson junction between two superconductors, if a voltage is applied, an alternative current occurs with a Josephson frequency proportional to the voltage drop. In an all-superconducting three-terminal junction, several voltage drops and consequently different Josephson frequencies coexist. However, if the central electrode is grounded while the lateral gates are biased with commensurate voltages, then a DC Josephson current is recovered which translates the effective transport of Cooper pairs. Numerical results for the quartet resonance (production of two entangled Cooper pairs split by double CAR) are provided. Josephson current and thermal noise have been computed for a junction between conventional superconductors and a junction between topological superconductors (hosting zero-energy quasiparticules with Majorana properties) within a unified framework based on the Bogoliubov - de Gennes scattering approach. Such a calculation participates in the recent search of convincing signatures for the presence of Majorana modes
Loczechin, Aleksandra. „Les nanomatériaux en carbone : des alternatives antibactériennes et antivirales“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIncreasing antibiotic resistance and limited development of new drugs necessitate the search for alternative strategies to eradicate bacterial infections. Similar problems are faced in the development of antiviral therapeutics, due to the constant emergence of new viruses and their ability to escape therapy by genetic mutations. This work investigates the potential antibacterial and/or antiviral activity of carbon-based nanostructures such as diamond nanoparticles and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as well as reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in combination with cryogels. CQDs formed by hydrothermal synthesis from 4-aminophenylboronic acid as the carbon precursor showed to be efficient in the inhibition of the viral attachment of human coronavirus HCoV-229E-Luc to cells with an EC50 of 5.2±0.7 µg mL-1. Mechanistic studies suggest that the CQDs are acting at the early stage of virus infection as well at the viral replication step. In parallel, we took advantage of the multivalent character of CQDs as well as nanodiamonds and modified them with short synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Tests of these nanostructures against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli pathogens showed increased antibacterial activity when compared to AMPs alone. In the case of rGO combined with cryogels loaded with AMPs, bacterial eradication was achieved efficiently and on-demand using near-infrared light as external trigger to release AMPs
Joumaa, Nancy. „Élaboration de latex fluorescents et de latex magnétiques par polymérisation en miniémulsion en vue d'applications biomédicales“. Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10300.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work was the elaboration of two kinds of latexes, fluorescent and magnetic, for diagnosis purpose. The synthesis of submicrometer and monodisperse fluorescent particles was carried out via the encapsulation of Quantum Dots (QDs; CdSe/ZnS) by miniemulsion polymerization. The results showed that the fluorescence signal of the particles increased linearly with the initial concentration of QDs. The use of QDs without the ZnS layer led to particules exhibiting a low fluorescent signal. The particles can also be functionalized by carboxylic groups. Finally, particle size can be adjusted by the initial surfactant (SDS) concentration. In parallel, magnetic particles were prepared using a ferrofluid composed of iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized in styrene by a reactive surfactant or “surfmer”. These stable and superparamagnetic organic ferrofluids were encapsulated by miniemulsion polymerization and led to latex particles in which the distribution of iron oxide was homogeneous within the polymer matrix. Magnetic properties of the particles are directly related with the characteristics of the ferrofluid used
Jacquet, Romain. „Josephson effects and Cooper pair splitting in modern hybrid devices“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0293/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a Josephson junction between two superconductors with two quantum dots in between, Cooper pairs which are the elementary charge carriers of the Josephson DC current can eventually be split (CAR process). If a magnetic flux threads the area enclosed by dots and superconductors, the critical current as a function of the Aharonov-Bohm phase can give information about this nonlocal process through an equilibrium measurement. A splitting efficiency has been defined so that experimental parameters optimizing Cooper pair splitting can be indicated to the experimentalist. In a Josephson junction between two superconductors, if a voltage is applied, an alternative current occurs with a Josephson frequency proportional to the voltage drop. In an all-superconducting three-terminal junction, several voltage drops and consequently different Josephson frequencies coexist. However, if the central electrode is grounded while the lateral gates are biased with commensurate voltages, then a DC Josephson current is recovered which translates the effective transport of Cooper pairs. Numerical results for the quartet resonance (production of two entangled Cooper pairs split by double CAR) are provided. Josephson current and thermal noise have been computed for a junction between conventional superconductors and a junction between topological superconductors (hosting zero-energy quasiparticules with Majorana properties) within a unified framework based on the Bogoliubov - de Gennes scattering approach. Such a calculation participates in the recent search of convincing signatures for the presence of Majorana modes
Ménard, Samuel. „Étude des propriétés magnéto-optiques de structures à points quantiques indium(x) gallium(1-x) arsenic/arsenure de gallium“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4527.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePeng, Ying. „Functional Photopolymer Materials for High-resolution 3D Lithography and Nano-optics“. Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLuminescent nanostructures with high emission efficiency and spatial resolution are of great interest for optics and photonics. Specifically in quantum optics, remarked as an attractive candidate for single photon sources, quantum dots (QDs) have shown promising quantum yield and stability. In this issue, the crucial point is to integrate QDs emitters with a spatially controlled manner into optical and plasmonic devices. In this thesis, photopolymer containing QDs with 3 different emission colors have been formulated and used for the fabrication of 1D, 2D and 3D nanostructures with sub-100 nm size by direct laser writing based on two-photon polymerization (TPP-DLW). The improvement of the spatial resolution of writing is realized through a strong confinement of the polymerization volume based on the use of free radical inhibitors. The results show that the smallest feature size of 3D polymer woodpiles could reach 60 nm with a period of 350 nm, which has never been reported in the fabrication via TPP-DLW using single laser emitting at 780 nm. Investigations showed that spatial resolution of writing is significantly improved in the presence of Qds. Photochemical and kinetics studies were performed to understand the effect of both inhibitors and Qds on the nanostructuring by TPP. Finally, the local integration of QDs into Ag nanowires, ion exchange-glass optical waveguides, Gold nanocubes and fiber tips was achieved. We believe that our results and approaches of nanofabrication will stimulated further promising works in nano-optics
Lamri, Gwénaëlle. „Contrôle optique de la photoluminescence de nanosources hybrides“. Thesis, Troyes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TROY0030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSmart materials can significantly alter their mechanical, thermal or electromagnetic, in response to external stimuli. They have enabled progress in many areas, including drug delivery, self-healing materials for coating applications, or display technologies. Among them, photochromic molecules have been used to modulate the light emitted by quantum dots. Moreover, it is well-known that plasmonic nanomaterials are able to enhance the emission of quantum dots. After a study of the photochromic molecules properties and of each couple of entities (quantum dots – photochromic molecules, metallic nanoparticles – photochromic molecules and metallic nanoparticles – quantum dots), we combine the three entities and demonstrate an optical control of the resonant coupling between metallic and semi-conductor nanoparticles. We experimentally show that the photoluminescence effects of the coupled system can be tuned from enhancement to quenching using a photochromic optical switch and theoretical calculations confirm our experimental findings
Longo, Antonio Valerio. „Development of alternate-current thin-film electroluminescent devices based on manganese-doped zinc sulfide quantum-dot technology“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP7253.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work we address the development of a light-emitting device, based on manganesedoped zinc sulfide nanoparticles, working under the application of an alternate-current voltage. Our device is based on a simple capacitive configuration implying a single layer of spin-cast nanoparticles sandwiched between two insulating thin films. In the first part of our work, we studied the nanoparticle system from a fundamental point of view. These nanoparticles, synthesized without the use of any surfactant by a microwave-assisted synthesis, are characterized by a phosphorescence activity in the orange region of the visible spectrum stemming from manganese dopants. In our work, we have observed and studied an enhancement of this optical activity under prolonged UV-light exposition. Our investigation allowed us to ascribe this phenomenon to a local lattice-strain effect around manganese chromophores due to a surface oxidation process induced by UV light. In a second part of our work, we focused on the dielectric properties of the insulating layers, consisting in an hafnium oxide film deposited by atomic layer deposition. By exploring several layer thicknesses and deposition temperatures, we have optimized the dielectric properties of the film, leading to more reliable and robust results. Moreover, we have also addressed the possibility of depositing an alumina layer by an in solution sol-gel approach, highlighting the main limitations of this technique. In the third part of the manuscript, the main characteristics of the complete electroluminescent device are addressed. More specifically, we recovered the orange emission band due to manganese doping, as well as the typical threshold behavior of the intensity of the emitted light as a function of the applied voltage. By exploiting structural characterization, impedance spectroscopy measurements and a careful comparison with theoretical works on similar devices, we have been able to state that the mechanism behind the observed light emission is a fieldinduced charge-creation process within the active layer only, followed by charge transport across the layer and radiative recombination within a single nanoparticle. Compared to previous works based on manganese-doped zinc sulfide nanoparticles, our key point has been the use of uncoated nanoparticles which allowed to achieve a very compact nanoparticle arrangement, favoring the physical mechanism mentioned above. Our work constitutes a step forward in the development of more compact, industrially feasible and eco-friendly light emitting devices
Pham, Son Tung. „Epitaxial growth and magnetic properties of self-assembled GeMn quantum dots“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0504.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the frame of this thesis work, we have investigated the growth of self-assembled GeMn quantum dots on Si substrates by means of Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The doping Mn concentration ranges from 2 up to 8%. We have found that the lowest temperature at which the formation of self-assembled quantum dots is still preserved is about 400 °C.We have thus performed the growth of GeMn quantum dots at 410 and 430 °C. By combining numerous characterization techniques to investigate the quantum-dot properties, including structural properties (TEM), surface morphology (RHEED, AFM), magnetic properties (SQUID, XMCD) and composition (EDX), we have determined the key parameters allowing to control the magnetic properties of GeMn quantum dots. Of particular interest, we have demonstrated that well-controlled GeMn quantum dots can exhibit a Curie temperature up to 380K.The second part of this thesis work deals with the growth of GeMn quantum dots in multilayered structures. Interestingly, we have observed that the dots in upper lays can grow on the top of the buried dots, leading to a vertical ordering of dots along the growth direction. We also shown that the decrease of the wetting layer thickness in the upper layers of a multilayered structure is the main parameter that leads to the increase of the dot size and height. Such an evolution of the wetting layer thickness can be explained by an accumulation of elastic strain in the Si spacer layers induced by the lower Ge wetting layers. This finding opens the route to the realization of a multilayer structure in which the islands have equal size in all layers
Lee, Chih-Wen. „Étude des propriétés optiques et électriques des nanocomposites polymères pour les diodes électroluminescentes organiques“. Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHybrid nanocomposites have been investigated in this research work in order to examine the possibility to enhance the performance of organic devices in stability and in efficiency and to understand the physical processes induced by the inorganic part in the polymer matrix. The first realization was carried out with composites made of phenylenevinylene (PPV) derivatives and CdSe(ZnS) core/ shell nanocrystals. It was demonstrated that the brightness and yield of devices using the nanocomposites were strongly increased as compared to those obtained in devices using the polymer alone. Next, the role of the nanocrystals was studied by performing the measurements of trap states introduced in composite films. To easily compare the results with those reported in the literature, the polymer used here was poly[2-methoxy-5(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene](MEH-PPV) and the studied composite was (MEH-PPV+ CdSe(ZnS)). It was found that the enhancement of the performance of devices using the composites is in part, associated to the decrease in the trap density of the polymer. Finally, investigations of trap formation in composites were extended to polymer systems composed of 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-(1,3,4-oxadiazole) (PBD) and poly (9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and containing phosphorescent-metal complex. It was demonstrated that incorporation of complex caused the suppression of existing defects in the polymer blend and introduced new traps. In all systems investigated, the devices using nanocomposites showed significant improvement of their electroluminescent performance. The doping seems to affect the transport process by reducing the trap density of the polymer
Van, Roermund Raphaël. „Étude théorique du transport hors d'équilibre dans les boîtes quantiques Kondo“. Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the absence of exact theoretical methods, many questions related to the non-equilibrium Anderson model have remained unsolved and are at the origin of an intense research activity. In this thesis I discuss transport through quantum dots put in the Kondo regime by means of an equations-of-motion method that was developed in order to account for the non-equilibrium effects and in particular the decoherence of the virtual spin-flip processes involved in the Kondo effect. I compare my results to previous approximations and show the improvements brought by the new decoupling scheme, which solves pathologies at the particle-hole symmetric point and enables the description of the system over a wide range of parameters. A decoherence rate is derived for the excitations which is shown to involve a crossover from the strong- to the weak-coupling regime when either the temperature or the bias voltage or the magnetic field is increased. In the light of this result, I conclude on the applicability of the present equations-of-motion scheme out of equilibrium. I also discuss observables out of equilibrium; the differential conductance exhibits a zero-bias peak reaching a maximum value G = 2e^2/h. Its low-energy behavior turns out to be universal after the bias voltage is normalized by the Kondo temperature. I finally show that a finite magnetic field splits the zero-bias peak in the differential conductance. The actual distance between the peaks is discussed in the light of recent experiments for which I give a phenomenological explanation. A new experimental setup is proposed in order to verify my assumptions
Paillard, Mathieu. „Dynamique de relaxation de spin dans les boîtes quantiques auto-organisées InAs/GaAs“. Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe have investigated the carrier dynamics in self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots structures by time-resolved photoluminescence. By performing a strict resonant excitation of the quantum dot ground state, we have directly measured the exciton radiative recombination time. At low temperature, we observe strictly no decay of both the linear and the circular luminescence polarization. This demonstrates that neither the electron, nor the hole spin relax on the exciton lifetime scale (2̃,5 ns). These experiments allow also to probe the exciton fine structure without resolving it spectrally. After optical orientation of carrier photogenerated under non resonant excitation, an unexpected increase of the quantum dot excited state luminescence polarization is observed. This effect is interpreted in terms of Pauli blocking which prevent the relaxation of an electron in the quantum dot ground state already occupied by another electron with the same spin orientation. We have developed a simple theoretical model, based on the Master Equation of Microstates, which qualitatively describes the experimental results
Tadjine, Athmane. „Structure électronique et propriétés de réseaux cohérents de nanocristaux semi-conducteurs“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSemiconductor nanostructuration methods are a new route leading to the tuning of charge carriers behavior. This tuning is a direct consequence of the quantum confinement effect. In this thesis, we study using numerical and analytical approaches the properties of coherent superlattices of semiconductor nanocrystals. These superlattices are synthesized by bottom-up methods of oriented self-assembly. We show that their electronic band structures can be modeled by a simple effective Hamiltonian with analytical eigenvalues. In addition, we propose a top-down method where a periodic arrangement of holes is etched in semiconductor quantum wells using lithography. We show that it is possible to artificially reproduce two-dimensional lattices of high interest such as the honeycomb, the kagome and the Lieb lattices. Most of these lattices host Dirac fermions that we also recover in the superlattices. In another chapter, we study the effect of a static magnetic field on isolated nanocrystals and on honeycomb superlattices. We predict the presence of large magnetic moments in those systems. Finally, we show that, in PbSe square superlattices, a bond-sign disorder should arise. We find that this disorder is reducible by gauge transformations and we quantify the true (residual) disorder felt by electrons
Pankratov, Andrey. „Propriétés des boites quantiques GaAs/AlGaAs obtenues par remplissage des nanotrous“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066028/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this thesis work was to characterise quantum dots obtained by a novel growth method. We used microphotoluminescence techniques to study multiple properties of these dots. We have evaluated main contributions to light-heavy hole valence band mixing. Contrary to self-assembled dots, we find a more homogeneous distribution of the mixing parameter, which can be explained by the absence of mechanical tension due to lattice mismatch. We have also measured magneto-optical parameters such as electron and hole g-factors, diamagnetic shift, fine structure splitting for bright and dark states. These results allowed us to estimate geometric parameters of dots, making a point on the growth quality. Polarisation studies on the dark states have revealed a result different from previous theoretical predictions. We have used a recently presented model to explain our findings. The last part of this work presents results on quantum dots embedded in an n-i Schottky structure. We have measured binding energies of positive and negative trions, to make a connection with previous results, to then study double quantum dot system. We have observed an anticrossing of hole S states, which is in agreement with our estimations based on sample parameters
Chen, Chi. „Lanthanide Energy Transfer Donors on Nanoparticles Surfaces : From Fundamental Mechanisms to Multiplexed Biosensing“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS196/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOptical multiplexing based on nanoparticles provides many advantages for multiparameter biosensing and imaging. However, the changes in one parameter also lead to changing of other parameters, and thus, color, lifetime, or intensity could not be used as an independent parameter, respectively. This thesis can be divided into two aspects. The first one focuses on developing time-resolved single-nanoparticle multiplexing based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from lanthanide complexes to quantum dot (QD) to fluorescent dyes. Systematical investigation of all different combinations with a broad range of numbers of donors and acceptors on QD are presented, and the experimental results are compared with theoretical modelling. The result do not only contribute to a full understanding of such complicated multi donor-acceptor energy transfer pathways on nanoparticles but also open the opportunity to use the models for developing new strategies to achieve the QD with independent tunable color, lifetime and intensity. The second aspect focuses on the energy transfer mechanism from Tb to gold nanoparticle (AuNP). Nanosurface energy transfer (NSET) proved to be an operational mechanism in PL quenching by AuNPs, which is important information for the development, characterization, and application of nanobiosensors based on PL quenching by AuNPs
Fremont, Julien. „Etude des contributions aux surfaces de potentiel et couplages non-adiabatiques par calculs ab initio de structures électroniques et mise aux points des Hamiltoniens effectifs pour les prédictions vibrationnelles : applications aux molécules LiH, H+3 et PH3“. Reims, 2010. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2010REIMS019.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work takes place at the halfway between theoretical chemistry and theoretical molecular spectroscopy by proposing to use at their limits the quantum chemistry methods and then make theoretical predictions on the three molecules LiH, PH3 and H3 +. First of all, a chapter is devoted to quantum chemistry methods used in this work to obtain the potential energy surfaces and electronic states. For applications in molecular spectroscopy, the potential energy surface requires to be very accurate. The second chapter examines the influence of the basis, electronic correlations, relativistic corrections and extrapolation methods on the vibrational levels of LiH molecule. For a molecule with a small number of electrons, it is possible to get such quality on the potential energy surface that the limit the Born-Oppenheimer approximation is reached. The third chapter develops the concepts of contact transformation and effective Hamiltonian. It introduce the terms derived from quantum chemistry calculations needed to finally apply this formalism beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation to the LiH molecule. The aim of these two preveiws chapters is to explore the limits of ab-initio methods to characterize the vibrational states of all isotopologues near to the dissociation. The study of molecules with a large number of variables has other types of difficulties. The large number of electrons on one hand makes difficult to quantum chemistry calculations to obtain potential energy surface of good quality, on the other hand, the increase in the number of variables complicates the nuclear wave functions and therefore the calculation of vibrational energy levels. The fourth chapter presents the study within the framework of Born-Oppenheimer of the PH3 molecule containing the derivation of the kinetic energy operator in valence coordinates and calculating the potential energy surface by quantum chemistry method. The molecular symmetries of the Hamiltonian produces effects still poorly understood by scientists. The H3 + molecule in its C3v configuration has a conical intersection where the non-adiabatic effects are revealed. In this final chapter the kinetic energy operator in hyperspherical coordinates and the Jacobian matrix associated with this transformation are derived. The non-adiabatic couplings calculated in Cartesian coordinates are reexpressed hypersheriques. After introducing the adiabatic-diabatic transformation, the geometric phase effects are studied
Bosché, Aurélien. „Flots géodésiques expansifs sur les variétés compactes sans points conjugués“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM085/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is divided in two independants parts.In the first part we investigate dynamical properties of expansive geodesic flows on compact manifolds without conjugate points using the work of R.O.~Ruggiero. More precisely we show that such a flow admits a unique measure of maximal entropy and constructthis measure. This extends results known in non-positively curved manifolds of rank one (and our construction is analogous). Wethen show, using this measure of maximal entropy, that the asymptotics of Margulis (known for compact negatively curvedmanifolds) on the number of geodesic loops still hold in this framework.In the second part we study isometries of finite dimensionalsymmetric cones for both the Thompson and the Hilbert metric. More precisely we show that the isometry group induced by the linear automorphisms preserving such a cone is a subgroup of finite indexin the full group of isometries for those two metrics and give a natural set of representatives of the quotient. This extends resultsof L.~Molnar (who studied such isometies for the symmetric irreducible cone of symmetric positive definite operators on acomplex Hilbert space)
Fons, Romain. „Propriétés optiques de boîtes quantiques semiconductrices intégrées dans des antennes à fil photonique“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA photonic wire antenna shapes the emission of a quantum dot (QD) into a directional beam, which can be efficiently collected by free-space optics. These photonic structures find applications in the emission of non-classical states of light (single photons, entangled pairs of photons) or in the generation of giant non-linearities, at the level of a single photon. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the optical properties of InAs QDs integrated in photonic wire antennas through two main results. We first demonstrate an all-optical - and therefore non-destructive - technique for precisely locating a QD in a section of the antenna. The position of the emitter is important because it conditions the strength of the light-matter interaction within the antenna, as well as the coupling of the QD to certain spectral decoherence channels. The proposed technique exploits the emission of the QD in two guided modes which present different spatial profiles and is based on a measurement of the angle-resolved far-field map. The second study focuses on spin-flip mechanisms that couple the exciton states of a neutral QD. These spin-flips are a source of decoherence. To reveal them, we integrate the QD into an anisotropic photonic structure (here a photonic wire with an elliptical cross section). Polarization measurements combined with time-resolved measurements of the photoluminescence decay then allow determining the spin-flip rates. We present a study of the influence of the temperature and of the non-resonant excitation power