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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Point de relai“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Point de relai"
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Umayya, Ines Sastre, Muhamad Milchan, Hendy Briantoro und Yoedy Moegiharto. „Performance Analysis Of The Energy Harvesting Techniques In Cooperative Communication Systems of NBIoT Devices With Amplify And Forward (AF) Relaying Protocol“. Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education) 7, Nr. 2 (03.02.2023): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/elinvo.v7i2.50810.
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This study examines the system’s performance with implementation of the energy harvesting (EH) techniques at source node, S and relay node, R. The RF signals which are used to energy harvesting proccess are broadcasted by destination node, D. The information signals from S are sent to D via a R in a cooperative communication framework. The R uses the amplify and forward (AF) protocol to forward the received signal from S to D. We propose a network system which contain of three femto cells, and an access point of each femto cells work as a relay (R), in a macro cell with a base station or eNB as a destination (D). To find the best R for forwarding the information signal from S to D, we choose the partial relai selection strategy. From the simulation results can be shown that the throughput system and the outage probability system are affected by the location of S or the distance of between S-R and S-D. Also affected by the access point power of femto cell that is connected to electric source, and time swithing factor, ρ which is used to harvest energy at S and R nodes. The shorter distance of between S-R and S-D results a better value of throughput system and the outage probability system, since the gain channel value will be high and increases the SNR value at D. More bigger the power from battery of access point femto cell that is used together with the harvested power by R to forward the signal will result a better value of throughput system and the outage probability system. More smaller time swithing factor, ρ results more time period for transmitting signal by S and forwarding sinyal by R, therefore increases the transmit power at S and R. Increasing the transmit powers result the increasin SNR value at D, and result a better value of throughput system and the outage probability system.
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Chen, Zhaohui, Xiaobing Ding, Mingjun Xue und Hao Zhang. „Simulation Analysis of Relay Protection Action and Weak Point Adaptability Under Non Preset Operating Conditions of Complex Large Power Grid“. Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, Nr. 11 (01.11.2022): 1440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3339.
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In order to improve the protection performance of relay protection devices in complex large-scale power grid, a simulation analysis method of relay protection action and weak point adaptability under non preset operating conditions of complex large-scale power grid is proposed. In this method, pscad/emtdc simulation software is used to establish the simulation models of zero sequence and negative sequence directional elements, distance elements and longitudinal current differential elements of relay protection devices. Under the non preset working conditions of complex large power grid, the DC voltage imbalance characteristics, AC and DC power distribution characteristics and fault harmonic characteristics are analyzed, and the adaptability and weak points of relay protection action are analyzed according to these characteristics. The experimental results show that this method is more accurate in obtaining the characteristic value of DC fault under non preset conditions of complex large power grid, and can effectively obtain the action of relay protection devices at different times when non preset conditions occur in complex large power grid and when the setting value of DC low voltage is different. It is concluded that its action adaptability is better when the setting value of DC low voltage is 1.5 kA, and when the setting value of DC low voltage is 5.5 kA and 15 kA, The fault time is short, and the relay protection action has weak points.
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Simon, Paul M., und Scott Graham. „Extending the Quality of Secure Service Model to Multi-Hop Networks“. Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy 1, Nr. 4 (15.12.2021): 793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcp1040038.
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Rarely are communications networks point-to-point. In most cases, transceiver relay stations exist between transmitter and receiver end-points. These relay stations, while essential for controlling cost and adding flexibility to network architectures, reduce the overall security of the respective network. In an effort to quantify that reduction, we extend the Quality of Secure Service (QoSS) model to these complex networks, specifically multi-hop networks. In this approach, the quantification of security is based upon probabilities that adversarial listeners and disruptors gain access to or manipulate transmitted data on one or more of these multi-hop channels. Message fragmentation and duplication across available channels provides a security performance trade-space, with its consequent QoSS. This work explores that trade-space and the corresponding QoSS model to describe it.
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Gong, Wen Tao. „The Design of Multi-Protocol Network Based on Point-to-Point Protocol and Frame Relay“. Advanced Materials Research 936 (Juni 2014): 2293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.2293.
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Local area network and wide area network are different network protocols, small and medium enterprises due to the geographical distribution of discrete and interface diversity, leading to its needs to be compatible with different network protocols, it is difficult to use a single network protocol to realize network architecture, and due to the ipv4 address scarcity, making its application or maintenance cost greatly increased, based on this, this paper presents the design of multi-protocol network architecture based on point-to-point protocol and frame relay, and with the advantages of the router is compatible with a variety of interfaces and protocols to connect different network interfaces, the paper also gives the configuration of routing information protocol and static routing through local area network, the paper presents the core information of frame relay and point-to-point protocol among the routers, and the paper gives the realization of the network address translation in the end.
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Sautreau, Jean-Michel, André Quéhen und Pascale Portenart. „Sport scolaire et situation de handicap, point de vue de l'USEP“. Reliance 24, Nr. 2 (2007): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reli.024.0058.
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Kamiyama, Yasuhiko. „On the Level Set of a Function with Degenerate Minimum Point“. International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/493217.
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Forn≥2, letMbe ann-dimensional smooth closed manifold andf:M→Ra smooth function. We setminf(M)=mand assume thatmis attained by unique pointp∈Msuch thatpis a nondegenerate critical point. Then the Morse lemma tells us that ifais slightly bigger thanm,f-1(a)is diffeomorphic toSn-1. In this paper, we relax the condition onpfrom being nondegenerate to being an isolated critical point and obtain the same consequence. Some application to the topology of polygon spaces is also included.
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Hofreiter, Milan. „Relay Identification Using Shifting Method for PID Controller Tuning“. Energies 14, Nr. 18 (18.09.2021): 5945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185945.
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The aim of this study was to present a relay shifting method for relay feedback identification of dynamical systems suitable for PID controller tuning. The proposed technique uses a biased relay to determine frequency response points from a single experiment without any assumptions about a model transfer function. The method is applicable for open-loop stable, unstable, and integration processes, even with a delay, and regardless of whether they are oscillating or non-oscillating. The core of this technique was formed by the so-called relay shifting filter. In this study, the method was applied to a parameter estimation of a second-order time-delayed (SOTD) model that can describe, with acceptable accuracy, the dynamics of most processes (even with a transport delay) near the operating point. Simultaneously, a parameter setting for the PID controller was derived based on the model parameters. The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated on various simulated processes and tested on real laboratory apparatuses.
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Wei, Z., H. Ma, X. Chen und L. Liu. „AN IMPROVED PROGRESSIVE TRIANGULATION ALGORITHM FOR VEHICLE-BORNE LASER POINT CLOUD“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (13.09.2017): 929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-929-2017.
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The application of classical progressive triangulation filter algorithm for airborne point cloud is very successful, however, there is a big difference between airborne point cloud and vehicle-borne laser point cloud in spatial distribution, density and other aspects. In this paper, a lot of experiments are carried out to improve the filter algorithm for vehicle-borne laser point cloud, which includes as follows: (1) Establish grid index, such as 0.1 meters, only retain the lowest points, which can greatly reduce the number of suspected ground points, and the filtering efficiency is improved significantly; (2) According to the vehicle-borne height and track line, the road face points can be roughly determined. Then the convolution operation is used to ensure the real road points, which are also the ground points. This method cannot have to relax the filter parameters (which will lead to more non-ground points) and ensure the integrity of the road boundary; (3) A method named as "get more and remove some" is proposed for solving the filtering faults at the tail of every points segment caused by the incline scanning face. After the three steps, the filtering is improved obviously on qualification and processing speed.
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Sheikh-Hosseini, Mohsen, Ghosheh Abed Hodtani und Mohammad Molavi-Kakhki. „Capacity analysis of power line communication point-to-point and relay channels“. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 27, Nr. 2 (25.07.2014): 200–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.2843.
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Sung, Tien-Wen, Yuntao Xu, Xiaohui Hu, Chao-Yang Lee und Qingjun Fang. „Optimizing data aggregation point location with grid-based model for smart grids“. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 42, Nr. 4 (04.03.2022): 3189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-210881.
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With the construction of smart grids, smart meters are gradually being installed in every house. In order to transfer the user data collected by smart meters to the control center, it is necessary to transfer the data to the data aggregation point (DAP) before being transmitted to the control center. The numbers and locations of DAPs affect the communication quality and cost of the smart meter neighborhood network, and because smart meters rely on wireless technology to transmit data, their transmission range is limited. Thus, suburban and rural areas require a large number of DAP installation needs, and it is very important to reduce their numbers. For this problem, this study proposes a grid-based relay DAP placement scheme and presents the corresponding algorithms to reduce the number of DAPs and to avoid the large impact of relay DAP locations on communication quality for the two cases of whether or not the number of relay DAPs is limited. This paper used random smart meter coordinates for testing, and the test results verify that the proposed solution can in fact significantly reduce the number of DAPs and avoid the large impact of relay DAP locations on communication quality.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Point de relai"
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Nguyen, Thi Thu Tam. „Learning techniques for the load forecasting of parcel pick-up points“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG034.
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La livraison de colis en points relais (PR) ou en consigne automatique est une alternative intéressante à la livraison à domicile, que ce soit pour des achats auprès de commerçants en ligne (B2C) ou sur des plateformes de vente entre particuliers (C2C). Un colis peut être livré en PR à un coût réduit et reste plusieurs jours à disposition du client avant d'être retourné au vendeur. Cependant, lorsque le PR choisi est saturé, le colis peut être refusé par le gestionnaire du PR et livré à un autre PR sur la tournée du transporteur. Ceci engendre une perte de temps pour le client et donc du mécontentement. Afin d'améliorer la satisfaction du client, lors d'un achat de produit il est donc important que le gestionnaire des PR (GPR) ne propose que des PR qui seront susceptibles d'accepter les colis. Cette tâche est complexe à cause des délais de livraison : un colis n'affecte la charge d'un PR qu'un à quelques jours après la commande, selon le transporteur. Cette thèse a pour objectif de prédire l'évolution de la charge d'un PR afin de permettre à un GPR de mieux équilibrer les charges de PR géographiquement proches et de limiter le risque de refus d'un colis. Pour cela, une analyse des historiques de charges de PR est effectuée afin de déterminer les paramètres importants influant sur la charge. Des modèles statistiques et issus de l'intelligence artificielle sont ensuite comparés. Dans une première partie, nous considérons la charge des PR liée aux achats en ligne effectués auprès de sites marchands (B2C). La modélisation de l'évolution de la charge d'un PR tient compte du nombre de colis dans chaque état (prêt à être expédié, en transit, livré au PR). Ensuite, le cycle de vie d'un colis est pris en compte dans le processus de prédiction, via des modèles des flux de commandes, des délais de livraison, et du processus de retrait. L'approche proposée reposant sur un modèle est comparée avec des approches exploitant la série temporelle du nombre de livraisons, de retraits et de la charge en termes de précision de prédiction. Dans un deuxième temps, nous considérons la partie de la charge des PR liée aux colis issus des sites de vente entre particuliers (C2C). Dans cette approche, la probabilité qu'un colis contribue à la charge d'un PR est évaluée en fonction de la connaissance de l'état du colis au moment de la prédiction. Le cycle de vie du colis est modélisé par un processus markovien à sauts. De plus, le nombre de colis déposés à destination d'un PR donné est décrit par un modèle autorégressif à changements markoviens (MSAR) pour prendre en compte de la non-stationarité de l'activité de vente entre particuliers. Les paramètres des modèles sont estimés à partir de données historiques sur les dates de chaque étape: dépôt, collecte, livraison et retrait. Il est ensuite possible de déduire la probabilité de la charge future d'un PR. Cette approche est à nouveau comparée à des techniques exploitant la série temporelle de la charge (modèle de Holt-Winters, SARIMA ou LSTM). Dans les deux cas, l'approche proposée considérant le cycle de vie des colis donne de meilleures performances de prédiction, en particulier pour la prédiction jusqu'à quatre jours à l'avance dans le cas du B2C et jusqu'à six jours à l'avance dans le cas du C2C, en comparaison avec les modèles de type LSTM, Holt-Winters, ou SARIMA. Ces résultats permettent de prédire la charge d'un PR avec une erreur relative de 3 colis à 1 jour, et de 7 colis à 3 jours pour les colis B2C, et de 5 colis à 1 jour et de 8 colis à 7 jours pour les colis C2C. Compte-tenu des délais entre commande et livraison (en général de 1 à 3 jours pour le B2C et de 4-5 jours pour le C2C), ces techniques de prédiction sont utiles pour permettre un équilibrage de la charge de PR voisins. Les travaux futurs seront pour but d’améliorer les approches de prévision et de déterminer une méthode d’équilibrage de charge pour mieux gérer le flux de colisPick-Up Points (PUP) represent an alternative delivery option for purchases from online retailers (Business-to-Customer, B2C) or online Customer-to-Customer (C2C) marketplaces. Parcels are delivered at a reduced cost to a PUP and wait until being picked up by customers or returned to the original warehouse if their sojourn time is over. When the chosen PUP is overloaded, the parcel may be refused and delivered to the next available PUP on the carrier tour. PUP load forecasting is an efficient method for the PUP management company (PMC) to better balance the load of each PUP and reduce the number of rerouted parcels. This thesis aims to describe the parcel flows in a PUP and to proposed models used to forecast the evolution of the load. For the PUP load associated with the B2C business, the parcel life-cycle has been taken into account in the forecasting process via models of the flow of parcel orders, the delivery delays, and the pick-up process. Model-driven and data-driven approaches are compared in terms of load-prediction accuracy. For the PUP load associated with the C2C business, the daily number of parcels dropped off with a given PUP as target is described by a Markov-Switching AutoRegressive model to account for the non-stationarity of the second-hand shopping activity. The life-cycle of each parcel is modeled by a Markov jump process. Model parameters are evaluated from previous parcel drop-off, delivery, and pick-up records. The probability mass function of the future load of a PUP is then evaluated using all information available on parcels with this PUP as target. In both cases, the proposed model-driven approaches give, for most of the cases, better forecasting performance, compared with the data-driven models, involving LSTM, Random forest, Holt-Winters, and SARIMA models, up to four days ahead in the B2C case and up to six days ahead in the C2C case. The first approach applied to the B2C parcel load yields an MAE of 3 parcels for the one-day ahead prediction and 8 parcels for the four-day ahead prediction. The second approach applied to the C2C parcel load yields an MAE of 5 parcels for the one-day ahead prediction and 8 parcels for the seven-day ahead prediction. These prediction horizons are consistent with the delivery delay associated with these parcels (1-3 days in the case of a B2C parcel and 4-5 days in the case of a C2C parcel). Future research directions aim at optimizing the prediction accuracy, especially in predicting future orders and studying a load-balancing approach to better share the load between PUPs
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Simoni, Filippo. „Models and Algorithms for Truck Trip Planning with Intermediate Relay Points“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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La tesi di laurea descrive il progetto realizzato dal candidato durante un tirocinio di sei mesi in Europa presso una delle maggiori aziende di e-commerce nel panorama mondiale. Lo scopo del tirocinio era quello di valutare l'opportunità economica di implementare in Europa una nuova modalità di trasporto che prevedesse scambi tra coppie di trailers. In questo modo si minimizza il numero di drivers che trascorrono la notte fuori casa riducendo così i costi operativi per l'azienda. Infatti, eseguendo scambi i drivers possono ritornare al punto di partenza. Il candidato ha sviluppato un tool Excel di ottimizzazione che determina la posizione ottimale dei punti in cui realizzare gli scambi per ogni linea in Europa tra i vari centri distributivi. In un secondo momento si modifica lo schedule settimanale dei movimenti tenendo conto di questi punti di scambio come nodi aggiuntivi del network. Si cerca di massimizzare il numero totale di scambi da effettuare. Ne deriva un risparmio potenziale per l'azienda superiore al milione di euro su base annuale.
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Šikula, Jiří. „Point-on-Wave Controller PWC600 a jeho možnosti při chránění rozvodny VN“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377084.
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Mechanical and electrical stresses reduce the life of all devices. The lifetime of some devices is affected by these stress factors more, others less. For high voltage products, it's not just a lifetime or a price, but a security that should be the first. This thesis deals with protection of elements of high voltage switchboards. Specifically, it is a PWC600 Point-on-Wave Controller that attempts to minimize stress when connecting or disconnecting loads or generators.
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Messal, Oualid. „Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement thermomagnétique d'alliages FeNi pour le prototypage virtuel“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10304/document.
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L’avènement du Génie électrique, il y a plus d’un siècle maintenant, s’est accompagné dès ses débuts, de recherche de matériaux ferromagnétiques performants pour la réalisation de l’élément central des dispositifs électromagnétiques, le circuit ou noyau magnétique. Ces matériaux, constitués initialement de fer, ont été très vite alliés au silicium, au cobalt et au nickel pour plusd’efficacité énergétique. Pour un dispositif donné, le choix d’un tel ou tel matériau passe souvent par un exercice de compromis vis-à-vis des besoins applicatifs (performances magnétiques, caractéristiques mécaniques et thermiques, etc., et bien sûr coût). La fréquence et la température de fonctionnement sont entre autres des paramètres importants. Parmi ces matériaux, les FeNi, bien qu’ils soient matures industriellement, voient toujours de nouveaux marchés s’ouvrirent à eux année après année grâce à l’attrait technique qu’ils exercent. Ce travail s'inscrit dans la continuité des recherches engagées à AMPERE sur les modèles comportementaux de matériaux magnétiques avec prise en compte des effets de la température. En effet, la recherche permanente de performances et de compacité ou intégration pour tous les dispositifs électromagnétiques soumet les circuits magnétiques à des contraintes physiques et en particulier thermiques de plus en plus sévères. Il est donc nécessaire de caractériser et modéliserprécisément les matériaux ferromagnétiques, et plus particulièrement les alliages FeNi, afin de les intégrer dans les outils de conception et d’optimisation de ces dispositifs. Pour cela, nous avons notamment dû mettre en oeuvre un dispositif expérimental adapté, et réaliser de nombreuses et longues expérimentations afin d’élaborer des modèles performants de comportement de ces matériaux. Ces modèles étudiés ou/et développés ont été ensuite testés sur une démonstrateur réel. Dans le cadre de cette thèse qui s’est déroulée en collaboration avec le Centre de Recherche du groupe APERAM, nous avons choisi une application particulièrement sensible en matière de sécurité des personnes « le système de protection différentielle » où le circuit magnétique (en alliage Fe–50%Ni ou Supra50) constitue une part très importante des performances et de la fiabilité. Enfin, de nouveaux alliages FeNi(Cr, Cu) à faible teneur en Ni (donc économiques) issus du Centre de Recherche d’APERAM ont été étudiés en vue de tester leur aptitude à remplacer le Supra50 dans ces systèmes. Le but est au final de proposer des alliages FeNi économiques aptesà la fabrication du circuit magnétique des relais de disjoncteurs différentiels à propre courantThe advent of Electrical Engineering has been accompanied since its beginning, by the research of high performance ferromagnetic materials for the realization of the central element of electromagnetic devices, the magnetic core/circuit. These materials initially consisting of iron were alloyed with silicon, cobalt and nickel for more energy efficiency. For a given device, the material must be designed to meet the requirements of the application (magnetic performances, mechanical and thermal characteristics...and cost. The frequency and the operating temperature are, among others, important parameters to be taken into account. Among these materials, the FeNi alloys, although they are industrially mature, see new markets opened to them thanks to their certain specific characteristics and the innovations brought by the manufacturers of these materials. This work is a continuation of ongoing researches in AMPERE laboratory dealing with thebehavioral models of magnetic materials taking into account the effects of temperature. Indeed, there is a trend in a growing number of electromagnetic devices to require high performance and compactness or integration. Thus, in this context, the magnetic circuits are subjected to physical and thermal stresses that are becoming more and more stringent. It is therefore necessary to resort to the experimental characterization and modeling of the behavior of ferromagnetic materials, particularly the FeNi alloys, in order to integrate them into the design and optimization tools of these devices. To do so, we have implemented an appropriate experimental bench, andachieve many and long experiments to develop advanced behavioral models of these materials. These models were then tested on a particularly sensitive application in the field of safety of persons, the differential protection system where the magnetic circuit (of Fe-50% Ni or Supra50) is a very important part of performance and reliability. Finally, new low Ni content FeNi (Cr, Cu) alloys provided by Aperam Research Center in Imphy, were studied in order to test their ability to replace the usual Supra50 alloy in these systems. The final aim is to propose new economic FeNi alloys suitable for the manufacture of the magnetic circuit of industrial ground fault circuit-breaker relay
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Savard, Anne. „Codage pour les communications coopératives : Codage de source distribué et canaux à relais“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0774/document.
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L'augmentation du trafic sur les réseaux sans fil ne permet plus de traiter les données en utilisant les protocoles standard des réseaux filaires, qui sont eux sans interférences. Ainsi, les nœuds des réseaux sans fil doivent coopérer en exploitant les corrélations inhérentes à la proximité des utilisateurs afin d'exploiter au mieux la capacité d'un tel réseau.Dans cette thèse, nous considérons tout d'abord le problème de codage de source avec information adjacente compressée. Le nœud coopératif, ayant accès à un signal corrélé avec celui de la source, peut en envoyer une version compressée au destinataire sur un lien indépendant, permettant d'économiser du débit sur le lien principal. En utilisant une caractérisation des cellules de Voronoi du quantificateur utilisé, nous avons pu améliorer un algorithme de décodage itératif basé sur des codes LDPC.La seconde partie de la thèse traite des problèmes de codage de canal, où les nœuds coopératifs sont des relais. L'exemple le plus simple d'une telle communication est le canal à relais, où un relais aide à la communication entre la source et la destination. Alors que dans le problème de codage de source, le canal de corrélation entre la source et le nœud coopératif est fixé, dans le codage de canal, la question est de savoir quelle opération effectuer au relais. Tout d'abord, nous considérons un problème quelque peu dual au problème de codage de source avec information adjacente compressée, en considérant des bruits corrélés au relais et la destination. Puis, nous étudions des bornes sur la capacité et des débits atteignables pour deux extensions du canal à relais, le canal à relais bidirectionnel avec des bruits corrélés au relais et aux destinations, où deux sources échangent leurs données avec l'aide d'un relais, et le canal multidirectionnel avec liens directs (qui modélisent la proximité des utilisateurs), où les utilisateurs sont regroupés dans des clusters et échangent leurs données localement au sein d'un même cluster avec l'aide d'un relaisThe current wireless data traffic growth cannot be handled by classical multi-hop network protocols as in interference-free wired networks, thus it has been recognized that network nodes need to cooperate in order to take advantage of source and/or channel signal correlations, which is needed to achieve fundamental capacity limits.This thesis first considers a cooperative source coding problem, namely binary source coding with coded side information (CoSI): the helper node has access to a signal that is correlated with the source and may send a compressed version on a separate link to the destination, thus rate can be saved on the main source-destination link. Using a characterization of the Hamming-space Voronoi regions of the quantizer at the helper node, an improved practical scheme based on LDPC codes is proposed.The second part of the thesis considers cooperative channel coding, where helper nodes are relays. The simplest example of such a communication is the relay channel, in which a relay node helps the source to send its message to the destination. Whereas in the source coding problem, the correlation between source and side information is given, in channel coding, the main question is to find the best relaying operation. First, a somewhat dual problem to source coding with CoSI is studied, by considering correlated noises at the relay and destination. Then, various extensions of the relay channel are characterized using upper bounds on capacity and achievable rates: the two-way relay channel with correlated noises at the relay and destinations, where two sources wish to exchange their data with the help of a relay, and the multiway relay channel with direct links, where users, grouped into fully connected clusters (users in a cluster can overhear each others' messages), wish to exchange their messages locally within a cluster with the help of one relay
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Campestrini, Lucíola. „Sintonia de controladores PID descentralizados baseada no método do ponto crítico“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8187.
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Controladores PID são largamente utilizados no controle de processos industriais, tanto em sistemas monovariáveis como em sistemas multivariáveis. No entanto, muitos dos controladores encontrados na indústria são mal sintonizados. Um dos métodos mais simples de sintonia de controladores PID consiste em identificar algumas grandezas, as quais se relacionam com características do processo a controlar, e em seguida aplicar fórmulas para os parâmetros dos controladores baseadas nestas grandezas. Estas grandezas são o ganho e o período críticos do processo, os quais se relacionam diretamente com o limite de estabilidade do sistema. Uma característica bastante interessante deste método é que o mesmo pode facilmente ser implementado por um controle auto-ajustável. Por este fato, métodos de auto-ajuste destes controladores têm sido bastante utilizados em sistemas monovariáveis, através do uso do método do relé como procedimento de obtenção das grandezas críticas, necessárias à sintonia dos controladores. O método do relé consiste em aplicar um controle bang-bang em malha fechada com o processo do qual se quer identificar as grandezas críticas. Este procedimento, dentro de certas condições, provoca uma oscilação sustentada na saída do processo, da qual as grandezas críticas são obtidas. Tendo como objetivo o auto-ajuste de controladores PID em sistemas multivariáveis, o método do relé também pode ser utilizado para obtenção das grandezas críticas, devidamente adequado de maneira a obter as grandezas críticas multivariáveis do processo. Diferentes procedimentos de ensaios com relés podem ser aplicados em sistemas multivariáveis, porém somente um destes procedimentos é capaz de identificar as grandezas críticas multivariáveis do processo diretamente: o ensaio descentralizado com relés. Mesmo assim, a sintonia proposta na literatura é baseada nas fórmulas monovariáveis de Ziegler-Nichols e afins, mostrando-se, muitas vezes, inadequada. Desta forma, este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar um método de ajuste multivariável para controladores PID descentralizados, baseado nas grandezas críticas do processo. Este método estende o método do ponto crítico para sistemas monovariáveis aos sistemas multivariáveis, através da análise multivariável do problema. A análise do método do ponto crítico para sistemas monovariáveis mostra que um controlador PI ou PID sintonizado pelas fórmulas baseadas nas grandezas críticas do processo sempre irá deslocar o ponto crítico do processo para um outro ponto no plano complexo, determinado pelas fórmulas utilizadas. Da mesma forma, o método de sintonia proposto neste trabalho desloca o ponto crítico do processo para outro ponto no plano complexo, escolhido a priori, alterando a freqüência crítica do sistema.PID controllers are widely used in process control, in singlevariable systems as well as in multivariable ones. Yet, many of the controllers found in industry are poorly tuned. One of the simplest tuning method of PID controllers consists in identifying some values which are related to the process characteristics, and simply apply some formulae based on these quantities to determine the parameters of the controllers. Theses quantities are the ultimate gain and the ultimate period of the process, which are directly related to the system stability limit. A very interesting characteristic of this method is that it is easily implemented by an auto-tuning control. Thus, auto-tuning methods of this kind of controllers have been largely used in singlevariable systems, using the relay feedback experiment in order to obtain the ultimate quantities, which are needed to tune the controllers. The relay feedback experiment consists in applying a bang-bang control to the process from which the ultimate quantities are to be identified. This procedure, under some conditions, provides a sustained oscillation in the process’ output, from which the ultimate quantities are obtained. Aiming at auto-tuning of PID controllers in multivariable systems, the relay feedback experiment can also be used in order to get the ultimate quantities. Different relay feedback procedures can be applied to multivariable processes, but only one of these can identify the real multivariable ultimate quantities, formally considering the multivariable nature of the process: the decentralized relay feedback (DRF). However, the tuning of the controllers proposed in the literature is based on Ziegler-Nichols like formulae, what seems to be, many times, inappropriate. This work presents a multivariable tuning method of decentralized PID controllers, based on the process’ ultimate quantities. This method extends the ultimate point method used in SISO systems to multivariable ones, through multivariable analysis of the problem. The analysis of the ultimate point method used in singlevariable systems shows that a PI or PID controller tuned through formulae based on the process’ ultimate quantities will always dislocate the ultimate point to another point in the complex plane, determined by the used formulae. The tuning method proposed in this work dislocates the process’ ultimate point of a multivariable process to another point in the complex plane, chosen a priori, modifying the system’s ultimate frequency.
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Amédée, Alourdes. „Un cas d'ethnologie appliquée : la technique de communication mise au point par Bell Canada pour les sourds“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28413.
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Smirani, Sinda. „Étude du codage réseau au niveau de la couche physique pour les canaux bidirectionnels à relais“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00962333.
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Le codage réseau est apparu comme une technique alternative au routage au niveau de la couche réseau permettant d'améliorer le débit et d'optimiser l'utilisation de la capacité du réseau. Récemment, le codage réseau a été appliqué au niveau de la couche physique des réseaux sans-fil pour profiter de la superposition naturelle des signaux effectuée par le lien radio. Le codage réseau peut être vue comme un traitement interne du réseau pour lequel différentes techniques de relayage peuvent être utilisées. Cette thèse étudie un ensemble de traitements ayant des compromis variés en terme de performance et complexité. Nous considérons le canal bidirectionnel à relais, un modèle de canal de communication typique dans les réseaux coopératifs, où deux terminaux s'échangent mutuellement des messages par l'intermédiaire d'un relais. La communication se déroule en deux phases, une phase à accès multiple et une phase de broadcast. Pour ce scénario, nous analysons, dans une première partie, une stratégie de "decode-and-forward". Nous considérons, pour cette étude, des alphabets de taille finie et nous calculons les probabilités moyennes d'erreur de bout-en-bout en se basant sur la métrique d'exposant d'erreur du codage aléatoire. Puis, nous dérivons les régions des débits atteignables par rapport à une probabilité d'erreur maximale tolérable au niveau de chaque nœud. Dans une deuxième partie de la thèse, nous proposons deux schémas de codage réseau pratiques, avec complexité réduite, qui se basent sur la stratégie de relayage "compress-and-forward" (CF). Le premier schéma utilise un codage en réseau de points imbriqués (nested lattices). Le deuxième schéma est une version améliorée qui permet d'atteindre des débits de données supérieurs pour l'utilisateur qui a les meilleures conditions canal. Nous construisons les régions des débits atteignables par les deux schémas proposés tout en optimisant la répartition du temps alloué à chacune des deux phases de transmission. Après l'étude du régime asymptotique, nous analysons le schéma de codage CF avec des réseaux de points de dimension finie. Nous nous concentrons sur le problème de la transmission analogique où la distorsion est optimisée. Enfin, nous étudions l'application d'un schéma de codage, basé sur la stratégie CF avec des réseaux de points imbriqués, pour le canal bidirectionnel à canaux parallèles. Ainsi, nous présentons deux régions de débits atteignables selon la technique de traitement, conjoint ou séparé, des sous-canaux par le relais.
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Семенчук, Іван Сергійович, und Ivan Semenchuk. „Розробка технічних заходів підвищення пропускної здатності трансформаторної підстанції 110/10 кВ“. Master's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, кафедра електричної інженерії,Тернопіль, Україна, 2021. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/36652.
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Сьогодні з усіх галузей господарської діяльності людини енергетика
робить найбільший вплив на наше життя. Прорахунки в цій області мають
серйозні наслідки. Тепло і світло у будинках, транспортні потоки і робота
промисловості – усе це вимагає витрат енергії. Основою енергетики
сьогоднішнього дня є паливні запаси вугілля, нафти і газу, які задовольняють
приблизно дев'яносто відсотків енергетичних потреб людства.
Отже, електрика – найбільш універсальна форма енергії, воно
виробляється на електростанціях і розподіляється між споживачами за
допомогою електричних мереж. Але потреби в енергії продовжують постійно
рости. Будь-який розвиток вимагає, передусім, енергетичних витрат. Це
означає, що сьогодні особливу увагу необхідно приділити модернізації і
реконструкції як системи вироблення електроенергії, так і, в не меншому
ступені, системі транспортування і розподілу електроенергії серед споживачів.
Правильно вибрана схема транспортування електроенергії споживачам
багато в чому визначає надійність постачання, усуває можливі позаштатні
ситуації і аварії. При цьому при проектуванні трансформаторних підстанцій,
ліній передачі і так далі необхідно виходити також з економічної доцільності.
Як правило розглядаються декілька варіантів і на основі їх порівняння
остаточний вибирається з умови оптимального співвідношення між технічною
необхідністю і економічною доцільністю. Це дозволяє добитися істотної
економії матеріалів і засобів, полегшує експлуатацію апаратури.
Останнім часом усе більш широко почали застосовуватися нові види
електротехнічної апаратури: вакуумні і елегазові вимикачі, замість масляних,
мікропроцесорні пристрої релейного захисту, замість релейно-лампових і так
далі. Ці пристрої при більшій вартості, забезпечують проте і більшу надійність,
гнучкість і в цілому найчастіше виявляються прийнятнішими.У кваліфікаційній роботі магістра здійснено розробку технічних заходів щодо підвищення пропускної здатності трансформаторної підстанції 110/10 кВ. На основі графіків навантаження було вибрано силові трансформатори. Розраховано струми короткого замикання і вибрано комутаційну апаратуру. Розраховано та встановлено нові схеми релейного захисту на основі мікропроцесорного блоку захисту Також передбачається заміна вимірювальних трансформаторів, трансформаторів власних потреб і інші зміни.
In qualifying work of master's degree development of technical measures is carried out in relation to the increase of carrying capacity of transformer substation of 110/10 kV. On the basis of the load-graphs power transformers were chosen. The currents of short circuit are expected and chosen switchgear. The new charts of relay defence are expected and set on the basis of microprocessor block of defence replacement of measuring transformers, transformers of own necessities and other changes are Also foreseen.
ЗМІСТ ВСТУП 6 1 АНАЛІТИЧНИЙ РОЗДІЛ 9 1.1 Модернізація обладнання підстанцій 9 1.2 Підвищення надійності роботи трансформаторної підстанції при заміні основного обладнання 11 1.3 Призначення та основні функції пристрою автоматичного частотного розвантаження Сиріус-2-АЧР 14 1.4 Характеристика споживачів підстанції 14 1.5 Висновки до розділу 1 18 2 РОЗРАХУНКОВО-ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКИЙ РОЗДІЛ 19 2.1 Дані для реконструкції електричній частині підстанції 19 2.2 Розрахунок і побудова добових і річних графіків електричних навантажень підстанції 20 2.2.1 Побудова графіків навантаження сторони 10 кВ 20 2.2.2 Побудова графіків навантаження стороні 110 кВ 24 2.3 Вибір силових трансформаторів на підстанції 26 2.3.1 Вибір потужності трансформаторів 26 2.4 Вибір головної схеми підстанції 28 2.5 Розрахунок струмів короткого замикання. 29 2.6 Висновки до розділу 2 33 3 ПРОЕКТНО-КОНСТРУКТОРСЬКИЙ РОЗДІЛ 34 3.1.Вибір комутаційної апаратури 34 3.1.1 Вибір вимикачів 110 кВ 34 3.1.2 Вибір роз'єднувачів 110 кВ 36 3.1.3 Вибір вимикачів 10 кВ 36 3.2 Вибір ошиновки 38 3.2.1 Вибір ошиновки на стороні високої напруги 38 5 3.2.2 Вибір ошиновки на стороні низької напруги 39 3.3 Вибір опорних і прохідних ізоляторів 10 кВ 41 3.4 Обмежувачів перенапруги (ОПН) 42 3.5 Вибір КРП - 10 кВ 43 3.6 Вибір вимірювальних трансформаторів струму 43 3.6.1 Вибір трансформаторів струму на стороні 110 кВ 43 3.6.2 Вибір трансформаторів струму на стороні 10 кВ 45 3.7 Вибір трансформаторів напруги 47 3.7.1 Вибір трансформаторів напруги на стороні 110 кВ 48 3.7.2 Вибір трансформаторів напруги на стороні 10 кВ 49 3.8 Проектування системи власних потреб підстанції 49 3.8.1 Вибір ТВП 49 3.8.2 Вибір кабелів що живлять щитки ВП від ТВП 51 3.8.3 Вибір кабелів що живлять електроприймачі ТВП 51 3.8.4 Розрахунок струмів короткого замикання системи ВП 51 3.8.5 Вибір запобіжників для ТВП 53 3.8.6 Вибір автоматичних вимикачів на ввідних панелях 54 3.8.7 Вибір автоматичних вимикачів на відходящих електроприймачах ВП 55 3.9 Розрахунок захисного заземлення 56 3.10 Розрахунок грозозахисту 59 3.11 Висновки до розділу 3 60 4 ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ ТА БЕЗПЕКА В НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ 61 4.1 Заходи по техніці безпеки при експлуатації електрообладнання 61 4.2 Забезпечення безпечної роботи підстанції 110/10 кВ 63 4.3 Підвищення стійкості роботи об'єкту в умовах можливих надзвичайних ситуацій 65 ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВИСНОВКИ 68 ПЕРЕЛІК ПОСИЛАНЬ 69
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Antolíková, Viera. „Fitness a relaxační centrum“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265549.
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The subject of this thesis is processing of design documentation for construction of the fitness and relax centre. The designed building is situated in the town centre of Giraltovce, in built-up area near watercourse Radomka. It is designed as two-storey without basement and with warm flat roofs. The part of roofing with vegetation is used as a terrace. The building envelope is a ventilated facade of fair-faced bricks in combination with cement-bonded particleboards imitating the texture of wood. The structural system is designed as column system with point-supported slab from cast-in-place reinforced concrete.
Bücher zum Thema "Point de relai"
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International, Pivot Point. Pivot Point Fundamentals: Barbering Perm and Relax. Pivot Point International, Incorporated, 2017.
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Connect the Points: Book for Kids and Adults , RELAX. Independently Published, 2020.
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Miller, Richard B. Why Study Religion? Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197566817.001.0001.
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This book asks, can the study of religion be justified? It poses this question on the view that scholarship in religion, especially work in “theory and method,” is preoccupied with matters of methodological procedure and is thus inarticulate about the goals that can justify the study of religion and motivate scholarship in the field. For that reason, it insists, the field suffers from a crisis of rationale. The book identifies six prevailing methodologies in the field, each of which it critically examines as symptomatic of this crisis, on the way toward offering an alternative framework for thinking about purposes for studying religion. Shadowing these methodologies is a Weberian scientific ideal for studying religion, one that privileges value-neutrality. This ideal poses obstacles to making justificatory claims on behalf of studying religion and fortifies a repressive conscience about thinking normatively within the field’s regime of truth. After making these points, the book describes an alternative framework, Critical Humanism, especially how it theorizes about the ends rather than the means of humanistic scholarship and offers a basis for thinking about the ethics of religious studies as held together by four values: post-critical reasoning, social criticism, cross-cultural fluency, and environmental responsibility. Ordered to such purposes, the book argues, the study of religion can imagine itself as a valuable and desirable enterprise so that scholars of religion can relax their commitment to matters of methodological procedure and avow the values of studying religion.
Buchteile zum Thema "Point de relai"
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Kermarrec, Gaël, Vibeke Skytt und Tor Dokken. „A Statistical Criterion to Judge the Goodness of Fit of LR B-Splines Surface Approximation“. In Optimal Surface Fitting of Point Clouds Using Local Refinement, 41–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16954-0_4.
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AbstractThe surface approximation obtained with adaptive strategies using locally refined (LR) B-splines depends on the degrees of freedom of the spline space, the tolerance from which the refinement is performed, the noise level of the scattered observations, the refinement strategy and the bidegree of the spline space. The choice of the best model is a challenging task that can be partially answered with statistical criteria, such as the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Here we relax the assumption that the approximation error should be normally distributed and with equal variance and propose the use of the student distribution to compute the AIC. We apply the AIC to decide which tolerance, refinement level, or polynomial bidegree are the most adequate for an optimal fitting. We highlight how the resulting AIC can be combined with more usual criteria to judge the goodness of fit of the surface approximation.
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Busson, Anthony, Nathalie Mitton und Éric Fleury. „Analysis of the Multi-Point Relay Selection in Olsr and Implications“. In Challenges in Ad Hoc Networking, 387–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-31173-4_42.
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Simhachalam, D., S. Talukder und R. K. Mudi. „Relay Feedback Based Improved Critical Point Estimation for Process Control Systems“. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 60–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25734-6_10.
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Yening, Zhou, Li Taoshen, Wang Zhe und Ye Jin. „Non-time-Sharing Full-Duplex SWIPT Relay System with Energy Access Point“. In Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Programming, 83–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2767-8_8.
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Trybus, Leszek, Zbigniew Świder und Andrzej Stec. „Relay Self-tuning of Industrial PID Temperature Controller with Set-Point Weighting“. In Recent Advances in Automation, Robotics and Measuring Techniques, 295–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05353-0_29.
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Fu, Qingqing, Fan He, Guanglun Yang, Mengjuan Chen und Qingyi Gu. „Relay Contact Performance Detection Based on High Precision 3D Point Cloud Registration“. In Proceedings of International Conference on Image, Vision and Intelligent Systems 2022 (ICIVIS 2022), 683–92. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0923-0_68.
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Castro, Pablo F., Pedro R. D’Argenio, Ramiro Demasi und Luciano Putruele. „Playing Against Fair Adversaries in Stochastic Games with Total Rewards“. In Computer Aided Verification, 48–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_3.
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AbstractWe investigate zero-sum turn-based two-player stochastic games in which the objective of one player is to maximize the amount of rewards obtained during a play, while the other aims at minimizing it. We focus on games in which the minimizer plays in a fair way. We believe that these kinds of games enjoy interesting applications in software verification, where the maximizer plays the role of a system intending to maximize the number of “milestones” achieved, and the minimizer represents the behavior of some uncooperative but yet fair environment. Normally, to study total reward properties, games are requested to be stopping (i.e., they reach a terminal state with probability 1). We relax the property to request that the game is stopping only under a fair minimizing player. We prove that these games are determined, i.e., each state of the game has a value defined. Furthermore, we show that both players have memoryless and deterministic optimal strategies, and the game value can be computed by approximating the greatest-fixed point of a set of functional equations. We implemented our approach in a prototype tool, and evaluated it on an illustrating example and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle case study.
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Xu, Hongzhuang, Dean Wu, Shaofu Tang, Yuhong Huang und Weiyi Qu. „Study on Planning and Design of Ecological Pastoral Cultural Landscape Belt of Luliang River System in Yunnan Province, China“. In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1271–84. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_111.
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AbstractLuliang County of Yunnan Province has identified tourism as one of the four pillar industries, and established the new concept of large tourism, large resources, large market and large development, so as to make tourism a new growth point of Luliang County’s national economy and the leader of the tertiary industry. Luliang will be integrated into a scenic spot with water as the core, integrating pastoral scenery with cultural landscape, combining modernity with tradition, beautiful and comfortable tourism environment, complete facilities and reasonable planning. Taking the opportunity of the national implementation of the river head system, Rural Revitalization and rural complex construction, taking the Xinpanjiang River, the Laopanjiang River and Yanfang River as the framework and aiming at “smooth river, clear water, green bank and beautiful scenery”, the project fully excavates and makes use of Luliang’s historical and cultural connotation and resources through flood control and drainage, sewage collection and treatment along the river, ecological green corridor, the waterfront landscape improvement and other measures shall be taken to comprehensively manage the three rivers, so as to create the waterfront landscape pattern of one heart and three belts of the wetland ecological tourism service core of the Xinpanjiang River and the Laopanjiang River Basin, the fast green tourism channel of the Xinpanjiang River, the ecological and cultural landscape belt of the Laopanjiang River and the ecological pastoral landscape belt of the Yanfang River, so as to improve the urban taste and the people’s sense of obtaining a beautiful ecological environment. The project falls within the poverty-stricken area of fish. Rice and water township on the plateau, and its functional orientation is mainly ecological agricultural sightseeing, experience and poverty-stricken vacation. Therefore, the construction of waterfront landscape belt, park node construction and greening promotion along the Xinpanjiang River, the Laopanjiang River and the Yanfang River have beautified the environment of the dam area, created space for tourists and citizens to visit, visit and relax, and laid a solid foundation for the development of tourism in Luliang County.
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Mayen, Patrick, und Dominique Perrier. „Point-relais-conseil“. In L'ABC de la VAE, 172–73. Érès, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eres.bouti.2009.01.0172.
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Sommer, Friedrich T., und Judith A. Hirsch. „How the LGN Forwards Retinal Information to the Cortex“. In The Cerebral Cortex and Thalamus, herausgegeben von Eric Shea-Brown, 674–80. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197676158.003.0063.
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Abstract The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) edits retinal input—ganglion cells fire faster than relay cells do. To describe how editing across the retinogeniculate synapse changes the structure and content of visual information cortex receives, this chapter turns to a concept from statistics called “thinning,” in which one point process (e.g., a spike train) is transformed to another solely by removing points. For example, this statistical framework reveals how information encoded by pairs of retinal impulses is recoded as single thalamic spikes that extract novel temporal features of the stimulus, and also how relay cells are able to capture the fine timing in retinal spike trains to relay information about spatial context.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Point de relai"
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Theron, JC Jacobus, Chu Cheng, Nicolas Belzile und Harjinder Sidhu. „Experience with a Point-to-Point Process Bus in a Substation Pilot“. In 2021 74th Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre48231.2021.9429852.
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Hargrave, Ariana, Michael J. Thompson und Brad Heilman. „Beyond the knee point: A practical guide to CT saturation“. In 2018 71st Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2018.8349779.
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Fong, Silas L., Mingxi Fan und Raymond W. Yeung. „Practical network coding on three-node point-to-point relay networks“. In 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2011.6033917.
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Oskouei, Maedeh Abbasi, Sara Shanazrbeigi und Hassan Tavakoli. „Point-to-Point Threshold Freshness for the Relay Channel: Age of Information Perspective“. In 2020 10th International Symposium on Telecommunications (IST). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ist50524.2020.9345915.
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Shakeri, Reza, Hamidreza Khakzad, Abbas Taherpour und Tamer Khattab. „Impact of stochastic RF energy harvesting relay on wireless point-to-point network“. In 2016 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2016.7577127.
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Chapariha, Mehrdad, Ishwarjot Anand, Gary Webster, Matin Rahmatian, Saman Alaeddini, William Winters, Benny Varughese, Scott Hayes und Davis Erwin. „Modeling and Simulating Single Points of Failure for TPL-001-5.1 Compliance“. In 2023 76th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CFPR). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cfpr57837.2023.10126572.
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Planert, Tobias, Benno Hornischer, Johannes Jenkner, Roberto Eick und Antoni Furlani Rosa. „Considerations for the implementation of test access points a best practice guide“. In 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (ProRelay 2014). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2014.6799041.
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Borre, Michael, und Henryk Flashner. „Limit Cycle Analysis of Flexible Structures Under Discontinuous Feedback Control“. In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4214.
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A method for calculating all periodic solutions and their domains of attraction for flexible systems under nonlinear feedback control is presented. The systems considered consist of mechanical systems with many flexible modes and a relay type controller coupled with a PID control law operating in a feedback configuration. The proposed approach includes three steps. First, limit cycle frequencies and periodic fixed points are computed exactly, using a block diagonal state-space modal representation of the plant dynamics. Then the relay switching surface is chosen as the Poincare mapping surface and is discretized using the cell mapping method. Finally, the region of attraction for each limit cycle is computed using the cell mapping algorithm and employing an error based convergence criterion. An example consisting of a system with two modes, a relay with hysteresis and a PD controller is used to demonstrate the proposed approach.
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Bekhtin, Yury Stanislavovich, Yury Anatolievich Filatov und Alexey A. Ilyin. „Compensation of IR-sensor Fixed Pattern Noise during Point Object Magnitude Recovering“. In 32nd International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2022-604-612.
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The paper is devoted to describing a principally new method of recovering pulse magnitude which is the reaction of infrared (IR) scanning linear sensor on strobe light spots from point objects. Instead of traditional matching filtering where it is impossible to take into consideration deviations of the pulse magnitude and form depending strongly on a random spot position relatively photosensitive elements, fixed pattern noise (FPN) of sensitivity and FPN of dark current, the suggested method is almost invariant to FPN. The method uses the digital pulse stabilizer based on so-called probabilistic relay. The experimental results have shown that the suggested methods allows not only recovering both magnitude and form of the pulse sequence with good accuracy but leads to improving the quality of the formed image because the inverse coefficients of the stabilizer multiplier can be used for “on fly” IR-sensor calibration.
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Borre, Michael, und Henryk Flashner. „Periodic Solutions and Their Regions of Attraction for Flexible Structures Under Relay Feedback Control With Nonlinear Control Law“. In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47350.
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A method for calculating all periodic solutions and their domains of attraction for flexible systems under nonlinear feedback control is presented. The systems considered consist of mechanical systems with many flexible modes and a relay type controller coupled with a nonlinear control law operating in a feedback configuration. The proposed approach includes three steps. First, limit cycle frequencies and periodic fixed points are computed exactly, using a block diagonal state-space modal representation of the plant dynamics. Then the relay switching surface is chosen as the Poincare mapping surface and is discretized using the cell mapping method. Finally, the region of attraction for each limit cycle is computed using the cell mapping algorithm and employing an error based convergence criterion. An example consisting of a system with two modes, a relay with dead-zone and hysteresis, and a nonlinear control law with a signed velocity squared term is used to demonstrate the proposed approach.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Point de relai"
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Louthan, M. R. Jr. A technical basis to relax the dew point specification for the environment in the vapor space in DWPF canisters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/119889.
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Diop, Ahmed. Country Diagnostic Study – Senegal. Islamic Development Bank Institute, Oktober 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/rp21003.
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The Country Diagnostic Study (CDS) for Senegal uses the Hausmann-Rodrik-Velasco growth diagnostics model to identify the binding constraints being faced in its quest for higher and more sustained economic growth and make recommendations to relax these constraints. Hence, the findings of the CDS can help the Islamic Development Bank in identifying areas where it can have a greater impact and provide an evidence-basis to support the development of the Member Country Partnership Strategy. After decades of subdued and highly volatile economic growth due to heavy dependence on primary commodities and low productivity, Senegal experienced an unprecedented growth acceleration from 2014 to 2019. However, there appeared to be a weak correlation between economic growth and jobs creation. In addition, about 90 percent of non-agricultural employment is estimated to be informal. The national poverty rate decreased by 5 percentage points between 2011 and 2018. Nonetheless, the absolute number of poor people has increased. Furthermore, regional disparities are persistent. Despite the country’s solid performance in the field of governance, further simplification and transparency of business procedures and regulations will be critical in addressing the challenge of informality. Efforts to address informality in the economy should also target the issue of access to finance through the design of financing mechanisms based on specific needs assessment and risk management tools. Senegal will also need to create the conditions for higher competitiveness and follow upgrading trajectories in global and regional value chains. In this respect, both physical and digital connectivity will be essential.