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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Plasticité somatosensorielle“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Plasticité somatosensorielle"
Dykes, RW. „Acétylcholine et plasticité neuronale du cortex somatosensoriel“. médecine/sciences 6, Nr. 9 (1990): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/4253.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXerri, Christian. „Plasticité post-lésionnelle des cartes corticales somatosensorielles: une revue“. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie 321, Nr. 2-3 (Februar 1998): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0764-4469(97)89813-7.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Plasticité somatosensorielle"
Houzé, Bérengère. „Plasticité corticale et effet antalgique de la neurostimulation“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649427.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAzaroual-Sentucq, Malika. „Somatosensation and plasticity : perceptual, cognitive and physiological effects“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-05000491.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSomatosensation is an essential function for human perception, action and cognition, being crucial for fine motor skills and self bodily awareness. My PhD work is interested in somatosensation and its plasticity at cognitive, perceptual and physiological levels. While it is widely accepted that somatosensation contributes to building multiple mental body representations (MBRs), its contribution to each MBR remains unclear. A first aim of my work was to answer this question by leveraging repetitive somatosensory stimulation (RSS), known to temporarily improve tactile acuity (TA) by inducing plastic changes in the primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortex. This randomized sham-controlled double-blind study conducted on 33 adults investigated the effects of RSS on three MBRs of the stimulated right index finger (rD2): the body image (BI), the body model, and the superficial schema. The results revealed that the BI is selectively affected by RSS, as the stimulated rD2 was perceived significantly smaller after RSS, while the other MBRs were left unaffected. This suggests that somatosensory processes contribute differently to the BI than to the other two MBRs. Somatosensation can be assessed by measuring TA. Accurately measuring this feature of touch is essential as it is used in clinical practice and research attempting to restore tactile perception. A widely used -but criticized- task is the two-point discrimination task (2PDT), while the grating orientation (GOT) and two-point orientation (2POT) tasks are suggested to be more reliable alternatives. Critically, whether these tasks measure similar aspects of TA has yet to be determined. The second aim of my thesis was to answer this question by comparing the performance in these tasks and linking them to anatomical measures at the fingertips, and by leveraging RSS. In this study, RSS was applied on the rD2 of 29 adults and its impact on the tasks was assessed at the rD2 as well as at the rD3, lD2 (control) and lD3 which has been recently found to display TA improvement following RSS. At baseline, 2POT and GOT correlated to the fingertip area. Following RSS, 2PDT and GOT were both improved at the rD2, 2PDT and 2POT also at lD3. Overall, the results suggest that the three tasks capture both similar and different aspects of TA.Because RSS is used to induce plasticity in the somatosensory system, understanding its mechanisms of action is important. While cortical changes in the SI and SII representations of the stimulated finger have been associated to the local effect of RSS, the physiological mechanisms responsible for local and remote effects (on the unstimulated hand) have not been explored yet. My third aim was to investigate them through EEG, testing the hypothesis of a modulation of cortical inhibition between the fingers’ representations of both hands. This study is made of two randomized sham-controlled double-blind experiments, each conducted on 41 adults, undergoing EEG and 2PDT. Because we identified a methodological bias in our first design, we conducted a second experiment aimed at counterbalancing it. We found that after both sham and RSS, the intra and interhemispheric inhibition significantly increased, potentially driven by the inhibition increase between lD2 and lD3 and between lD3 and rD3 which appear (non-significantly) larger than in other pairs, as well as larger after RSS than sham. Because of potential issues in the second experiment, these results are preliminary, and another experiment is planned to solve these issues. If confirmed, the results would indicate that RSS may not affect inhibition. Overall, studying somatosensation at multiple levels, my work shows that somatosensation contributes differently to the BI than to the other MBRs, which allows to refine current MBR models, and multiple tasks should be used to comprehensively assess TA, while it does not allow to conclude on the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of RSS
Nguyen, Hien luong. „Plasticité, métaplasticité synaptique et neuronale dans le cortex somatosensoriel primaire chez le rat dans un modèle de douleur inflammatoire prolongée“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAS027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChronic neuropathic or inflammatory pain is believed to result from long-lasting synaptic andneuronal changes in pain pathways, including the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) which codes for pain intensity and location. Using ex vivo electrophysiological recordings from S1 layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, we investigated pain-induced plasticity in a rat model (CFA injection) of chronic facial inflammatory pain. We first establish the relation in basal conditions between synaptic activity and (i) bidirectionalsynaptic plasticity (long-term depression/potentiation; LTD/LTP), (ii) changes in the ability to express synaptic plasticity (metaplasticity), (iii) bidirectional changes in intrinsic neuronal excitability (LTP/LTD-IE); i.e. the rules for synaptic and intrinsic plasticity in S1 layer 2/3pyramidal neurons. We then investigated such plasticity processes in CFA-treated rats exhibiting facial mechanical allodynia, at 1 hour and 3 days post-injection. At 1-hour, mechanical allodynia is associated with (i) LTP of excitatory synaptic transmission, together with (ii) an inhibition to generate further LTP but a facilitation to generate LTD (metaplasticity), consistent with LTP of synaptictransmission, (iii) LTP-IE and (iv) reduced dendritic arbor complexity of S1 layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons. At 3 days, LTP and LTP-IE were still present but metaplasticity and dendritic arbor complexity had returned to control levels
Rebsam, Alexandra. „Développement et plasticité des fibres thalamocorticales dans le cortex somatosensoriel de souris normale et déficiente pour le gène de la monoamine oxydase A“. Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066283.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJacob, Vincent. „Intégration spatio-temporelle de scènes tactiles et plasticité fonctionnelle dans le cortex à tonneaux du rat“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066222.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClassically the connections between whiskers and cortical barrels are considered as independent ways. However, the rat generates complex patterns of contacts during active exploration. The cortical receptive fields (RF) are very large suggesting that multiwhisker information converge on each neuron. In order to study the integration of tactile scenes in the cortex, we have developed a matrix of 25 stimulators. We studied the RFs, their dependence to the omission of a predictable stimulus and the selectivity to global direction generated by sequential deflections of the whiskers. Then primary cortex performs an integrated and non-linear analysis of sensory information. Conditions of activity induce long-term modifications of the RFs. We observed modifications of the sensory response whose sign and intensity depended on the order and the time interval between the stimulations and the post-synaptic activation of the recorded neuron. This result is compatible with STDP rules for which this work is the first validation in the in vivo somatosensory cortex
Ego-Stengel, Valérie. „Neuromodulation et plasticité des propriétés fonctionnelles des neurones corticaux : étude dans les cortex primaires visuel et somatosensoriel“. Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDetorakis, Georgios. „Plasticité corticale, champs neuronaux dynamiques et auto-organisation“. Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879910.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDetorakis, Georgios. „Plasticité corticale, champs neuronaux dynamiques et auto-organisation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of the present work is the modeling of the formation, maintenance and reorganization of somatosensory cortical maps using the theory of dynamic neural fields. A dynamic neural field is a partial integro-differential equation that is used to model the cortical activity of a part of the cortex. Such a neural field is used in this work in order to model a part of the area 3b of the primary somatosensory cortex. In addition a skin model is used in order to provide input to the cortical model. From a computational point of view the model is able to perform distributed, numerical and adaptive computations. The model is able to explain the formation of topographic maps and their reorganization in the presence of a cortical lesion or a sensory deprivation, where balance between excitation and inhibition plays a crucial role. In addition, the model is consistent with neurophysiological data of area 3b. Finally, it has been shown that attention plays a key role in the organization of receptive fields of neurons of the somatosensory cortex. Therefore, in this work has been proposed a definition of somatosensory attention and a potential explanation of its influence on somatotopic organization through a number of experimental results. By changing the gains of lateral connections, it is possible to control the shape of the solution of the neural field. This leads to significant alterations of receptive fields sizes, resulting to a better performance during the execution of demanding haptic tasks
Erlandson, Melissa. „Investigating the plasticity of sensory cortical circuits in the context of learning in the wild-type mouse and a conditional mouse model of fragile X syndrome“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0342.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this project is to study the plasticity of the cortical circuits in the context of the learning of wild type mice and models of Fragile X Syndrome. First, investigations into the efficacy of recording combination of extracellular local field potentials with UV laser stimulation (LSPS) to map networks were performed. We found extracellular field records could be used to detect the synaptic responses evoked by LSPS. Our results indicate an alternative method for obtaining complete maps of excitatory intracortical networks. Next, we developed a sensory associative learning paradigm and studied its effects on excitatory intracortical networks the barrel cortex. Ex vivo a weakening of the excitatory projections between layers 4 and 2/3 which in the columns of vibrissae C was observed and declined function of the speed of the behavioural response. Finally, we used these same approaches in a Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) model mouse. To study the links between sensory deficits, associative learning, and functional alterations of sensory networks, we used a model of mutant mice in which the FXS pathology was targeted to the layer 4 of the somatosensory cortex. Our hypotheses were that behavioural conditioning would change the cortical sensory circuits of the FXS sensory mutant and that the abnormal plasticity of these circuits would in turn affect the performance. It was found the WT mice exhibited a similar depression, whereas it was absent FXS. In conclusion, wild type mouse and FXS sensory mutant studies shed light on the consequences of learning on sensory cortical networks and on the links between plasticity of sensory cortical networks and cognitive abilities
Dupont, Erwan. „Caractérisation de la plasticité corticale induite par une privation sensorielle chez le rat et étude des mécanismes par des approches électrophysiologique et moléculaire“. Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-143-144.pdf.
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