Thematische Bibliographien / Plastic machining / Zeitschriftenartikel
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Plastic machining“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 13. Februar 2022

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1

Kumar, Raman, Jasgurpreet S. Chohan und Satbir S. Sehgal. „Non-Conventional Technique of Machining and Metallization of Polymer Components“. Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 13, Nr. 4 (13.10.2020): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797613999200529095224.

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Background: Machining and metal coating of plastics are essential requirements as plastics are overtaking other engineering materials nowadays. Metallization improves product life as well as enhances its surface and mechanical properties. The machining (i.e., cutting, drilling, boring) of plastic parts with conventional processes is difficult as the dimensional accuracy and surface finish cannot be obtained from existing methods or/and needs multiple operations to acquire the surface finish needed. The coating of plastic materials is also a complex method using chemicals and electricity. An innovative method of coating and machining on plastic components has been demonstrated, which would be beneficial for potential researchers. A detailed analysis of previous patents and techniques has been performed based on which an advanced apparatus has been proposed. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop an apparatus based on non-conventional machining techniques. Moreover, the apparatus would be capable of plating metal layer on polymers using chemicals and fine metal particles. An in-depth analysis of previous patents used for the same application has been performed and based on the limitations of already existing techniques. Methods: An apparatus for machining and metal coating of polymers utilizes compressed air at high pressure mixed with chemical vapors. Before compression, the air is filtered to remove the impurities and moisture. Afterwards, heated chemical vapors are mixed with air in a specific proportion for machining of plastic parts. A jet of air and chemical vapours impinges on work material, which would perform machining in two steps. Initially, the chemical vapours would dissolve plastic material, which would instantly melt and starts flowing. Afterwards, the air jet would remove the excess plastic material due to high pressure. On the other hand, metallization can also be performed using different chemicals in proper proportion. Results: The apparatus makes it easy for machining and metalizing the ABS or plastic parts as the process is performed on one apparatus simultaneously one after the other. The high speed jet of acetone vapors has a greater tendency to perform various machining operations like cutting, drilling, boring of ABS parts. These vapours, when mixed with pressurized air, enhance the capability of machining the workpieces. And the metallization of plastic parts provides luster and surface finish to the workpiece. Conclusion: The present invention is to provide an apparatus for effectively plating or coating the machined workpieces. Moreover, the present work provides detailing of an apparatus for improving the mechanical strength, hardness and surface finish of the machined workpiece. In addition to this, the proposed apparatus is enabled to make strong bonding between metal particles and plastics.
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Vasilko, Karol. „Machining with Plastic Cutting Wedge“. Manufacturing Technology 15, Nr. 5 (01.11.2015): 951–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/mt/15/5/951.

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3

Horváth, Richárd, Róbert Gábor Stadler und Kristóf Andrásfalvy. „Investigation of Milling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic“. Acta Materialia Transylvanica 2, Nr. 2 (01.10.2019): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33924/amt-2019-02-06.

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Abstract The use of fiber-reinforced plastics has increased significantly in the past decades. Consequently, the demand for finishing and machining of such materials has also escalated. During machining, the fiber-reinforced materials exhibit machining problems dissimilar to the problems of metals. These are fiber pull-out, fiber breakage in the cutting zone, matrix smearing and delamination. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the characteristics of the resultant force (Fe) dur-ing the milling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic as a function of input machining parameters. For the force measurements, CFR with perpendicular (0°-90°) fiber orientation was machined. The experimental design involved the central composite design method. To analyze and evaluate the measurements, we applied the response surface methodology.
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Cong, W. L., Z. J. Pei, Q. Feng, T. W. Deines und C. Treadwell. „Rotary ultrasonic machining of CFRP: A comparison with twist drilling“. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 31, Nr. 5 (März 2012): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684411427419.

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Drilling is involved in many applications of carbon fiber–reinforced plastic composite. Twist drilling is widely used in industry. Rotary ultrasonic machining has been successfully tested to drill holes in carbon fiber–reinforced plastic. However, there are no reports on comparisons between rotary ultrasonic machining and twist drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic. This paper compares rotary ultrasonic machining and twist drilling of carbon fiber–reinforced plastic in six aspects (cutting force, torque, surface roughness, delamination, tool life, and material remove rate). Experimental results show that rotary ultrasonic machining is superior in almost all these aspects.
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Yashiro, Shigeki, und Keiji Ogi. „Experimental study on shear-dominant fiber failure in CFRP laminates by out-of-plane shear loading“. Journal of Composite Materials 53, Nr. 10 (24.09.2018): 1337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318801454.

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Understanding the shear behavior and resulting fiber failure of fiber-reinforced plastics is required for better prediction of their behavior during the machining process, but knowledge regarding the shear strength of fiber failure is limited. In this study, out-of-plane shear tests were conducted to observe the shear behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic laminates subjected to high shear stress exceeding the shear strength of matrix failure. The longitudinal fibers in carbon fiber-reinforced plastic unidirectional laminates were cut by shear loading without severe internal damage and the maximum shear stress causing progressive fiber breaks was much higher than the shear strength of matrix failure. This result suggested the possibility of out-of-plane shearing as a machining method for fiber-reinforced plastics and shear tests were subsequently performed for carbon fiber-reinforced plastic cross-ply laminates. Delamination was generated by high shear stress to cut the reinforcing fibers, but the size of the remaining damage was small even in the thermoset carbon fiber-reinforced plastic laminates in which delamination likely occurs, without any optimization of the trimming conditions.
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Khandozhko, Alexandr, Andrey Shcherbakov, Leonid Zakharov und Alexsandr Alen’kin. „Technical support of plastic product machining quality“. Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2020, Nr. 6 (14.06.2020): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2223-4608-2020-6-37-41.

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The investigation results of plastic cutting are shown. The results of single-factor and multi-factor experiments on plastic cutting by multi-toothed milling cutters are stated. There are shown empirical equations of the roughness parameter correlation of the surface Ra and the height of the barb h from cutting modes: feed, speed and tooth number in a milling cutter.
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Caggiano, Alessandra. „Machining of Fibre Reinforced Plastic Composite Materials“. Materials 11, Nr. 3 (18.03.2018): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11030442.

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8

Kaneeda, Toshiaki, Seiichi Yokomizo, Akio Miwa, Kazuta Mitsuishi, Yoshiyuki Uno und Hiroyuki Morioka. „Biochemical machining — biochemical removal process of plastic“. Precision Engineering 21, Nr. 1 (Juli 1997): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-6359(97)80001-3.

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9

Заостровский, А., A. Zaostrovskiy, А. Приемышев, A. Priyomyshev, Ю. Зубарев und Yu Zubarev. „Peculiarities in technology of coal-plastic machining“. Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 1, Nr. 5 (30.04.2016): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18712.

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At present polymeric composite materials (PCM) substitute more and more wider metal in various branches of mechanical engineering. But the mechanical engineering of such materials with an edge tool causes considerable difficulties, as it differs in principle from common steel and alloy machining. A significant factor in choice of cutting modes and tool application and, as a consequence of a chip forming at PCM machining is a fiber orientation taking into account a cutting direction. The paper reports the results of researches in edge working by different tools with antifriction coal-plastic.
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10

Chen, Guang Jun, Xian Li Liu und Cai Xu Yue. „Study on Causes of Material Plastic Side Flow in Precision Hard Cutting Process“. Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (März 2010): 1875–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1875.

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There are many special cutting disciplines needed to research in precision hard cutting process. The plastic side flow on machining surface influences machining surface roughness great. The mathematical model of hump height for surface plastic side flow is built based on the model of precision hard cutting and forming mechanism of surface plastic side flow is analyzed. Effect of cutting feed on the maximum scallop height of machining surface is researched and microscopic observation of surface topography is made through the hard cutting experiment. In certain conditions, the machining surface roughness and the cutting off trace increase with cutting feed. Because of the metal softening, some metal which formed side flow fall off immediately but make plastic flow on the strip edge of machining surface when it flows out tool surface. This research supplied theoretical basis for prediction of hard cutting process surface quality.
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Sato, Hiromoto, Yasuo Kondo und Kodai Bunya. „Applicability of soft-machining technique on fine hole machining in plastic materials“. Proceedings of Ibaraki District Conference 2017.25 (2017): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeibaraki.2017.25.706.

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12

Du, Jin, und Zhan Qiang Liu. „Influence of Cutting Speed on Plastic Deformation in Machined Surface of FGH95 PM Superalloy“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (Dezember 2011): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.163.

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FGH95 nickel-based superalloy is produced by powder metallurgy (PM) processing for aerospace applications. Due to lower thermal conductivity, work hardening tendency during machining, and intensive adhesion to the surface of the tooling under operation, machining of FGH95 alloy is a significant challenges. The FGH95 machining process will induce substantial amount of plastic deformation in the surface and subsurface of the workpiece. A theoretical model is developed to predict the plastic deformation in machined surface of FGH95 superalloy. Experimental results are also applied to analyze the influence of cutting speed on plastic deformation in machined surface of FGH95. It is found that cutting speed has significantly effect on the plastic deformation in the machined surface. The increasing the cutting speed creates severer plastic deformation. Surface plastic shear strain increases with the increases of cutting speed, while the depth of plastic deformation decreases contrary.
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13

Pramanik, Alokesh, M. N. Islam, Animesh Basak und Guy Littlefair. „Machining and Tool Wear Mechanisms during Machining Titanium Alloys“. Advanced Materials Research 651 (Januar 2013): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.651.338.

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This paper investigates the machining mechanism of titanium alloys and analyses those understandings systematically to give a solid understanding with latest developments on machining of titanium alloys. The chip formation mechanism and wear of different cutting tools have been analyzed thoroughly based on the available literature. It is found that the deformation mechanism during machining of titanium alloys is complex and it takes place through several processes. Abrasion, attrition, diffusion–dissolution, thermal crack and plastic deformation are main tool wear mechanisms.
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14

Ramulu, M., S. Kunaporn, D. Arola, M. Hashish und J. Hopkins. „Waterjet Machining and Peening of Metals“. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 122, Nr. 1 (31.08.1999): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.556155.

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An experimental study was conducted to determine the influence of high-pressure waterjet (WJ) peening and abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining on the surface integrity and texture of metals. A combination of microstructure analysis, microhardness measurements, and profilometry were used in determining the depth of plastic deformation and surface texture that result from the material removal process. The measurement and evaluation of residual stress was conducted with X-ray diffraction. The residual stress fields resulting from treatment were analyzed to further distinguish the influence of material properties on the surface integrity. It was found that waterjet peening induces plastic deformation at the surface layer of metals as good as shot peening. The degree of plastic deformation and the state of material surface were found to be strongly dependent on the peening conditions applied. [S0094-9930(00)00801-5]
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15

Islam, Sumaiya, Raafat N. Ibrahim und Raj Das. „Study of Abrasive Wear Mechanism through Nano Machining“. Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (Januar 2011): 931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.931.

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The objective of this paper is to understand the abrasive wear mechanism for producing a nano scale groove on a bulk material through nano machining. A nano indenter equipped with a nano scratching attachment was used for nano machining operation and in situ observation of the machined surfaces. Two different tools (Berkovich and Conical) with the same tip radius (100nm) but different edge geometries were used to machine both Copper and Nickel coatings. It was found that the percentage of elastic recovery was lower for Cu than Ni during this nano machining operations. Hence, the deformation mechanism in nano machining operation was identified as elasto-plastic in nature as opposed to the well established completely plastic mode of conventional machining operations. The pile up volume due to plastic deformation was utilized to distinguish between the ploughing and cutting modes of abrasive wear mechanisms. The results reveal that the ploughing mechanism was dominant for Cu and the cutting mechanism was dominant for Ni machining. Moreover, both mechanisms ploughing and cutting were the dominant modes of abrasive wear using the Berkovich tip compared to the Conical tip for producing a nano scale groove through nano machining.
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16

Vu, Viet, Yan Beygelzimer, Roman Kulagin und Laszlo Toth. „Mechanical Modelling of the Plastic Flow Machining Process“. Materials 11, Nr. 7 (16.07.2018): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11071218.

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A new severe plastic deformation process, plastic flow machining (PFM), was introduced recently to produce sheet materials with ultrafine and gradient structures from bulk samples in one single deformation step. During the PFM process, a part of a rectangular sample is transformed into a thin sheet or fin under high hydrostatic pressure. The obtained fin is heavily deformed and presents a strain gradient across its thickness. The present paper aims to provide better understanding about this new process via analytical modelling accompanied by finite element simulations. PFM experiments were carried out on square commercially pure aluminum (CP Al) billets. Under pressing, the material flowed from the horizontal channel into a narrow 90° oriented lateral channel to form a fin sheet product, and the remaining part of the sample continued to move along the horizontal channel. At the opposite end of the bulk sample, a back-pressure was applied to increase the hydrostatic pressure in the material. The experiments were set at different width sizes of the lateral channel under two conditions; with or without applying back-pressure. A factor called the lateral extrusion ratio was defined as the ratio between the volume of the produced fin and the incoming volume. This ratio characterizes the efficiency of the PFM process. The experimental results showed that this ratio was greater when back-pressure was applied and further, it increased with the rise of the lateral channel width size. Finite element simulations were conducted in the same boundary conditions as the experiments using DEFORM-2D/3D software, V11.0. Two analytical models were also established. The first one used the variational principle to predict the lateral extrusion ratio belonging to the minimum total plastic power. The second one employed an upper-bound approach on a kinematically admissible velocity field to describe the deformation gradient in the fin. The numerical simulations and the analytical modelling successfully predicted the experimental tendencies, including the deformation gradient across the fin thickness.
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17

Yaroslavtseva, N., und V. Yaroslavtsev. „Precision Machining When Cutting with Leading Plastic Deformation“. Science and Education of the Bauman MSTU 17, Nr. 04 (03.04.2017): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7463/0417.0001129.

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18

Tamarkin, M. A., E. E. Tishchenko und A. S. Shvedova. „Optimization of Dynamic Surface Plastic Deformation in Machining“. Russian Engineering Research 38, Nr. 9 (September 2018): 726–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x18090277.

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19

Сильченко, Ольга, und Ol'ga Sil'chenko. „PLASTIC MICROGRINDING – ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF BRITTLE MATERIAL MACHINING“. Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2018, Nr. 1 (06.02.2018): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a795ff7927143.25462906.

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20

Zhong, Zhaowei. „Machining of Glass Molds for Manufacturing Plastic Lenses“. Materials and Manufacturing Processes 15, Nr. 3 (Mai 2000): 449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426910008912999.

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21

Ikeno, Junichi, und Junji Kanehagi. „B44 Study on laser machining of a plastic“. Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2014.10 (2014): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2014.10.135.

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22

Pei, Z. J., P. M. Ferreira und M. Haselkorn. „Plastic flow in rotary ultrasonic machining of ceramics“. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 48, Nr. 1-4 (Januar 1995): 771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(94)01720-l.

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23

Meng, Yue, Lihui Wang, Chen-Han Lee, Wei Ji und Xianli Liu. „Plastic deformation-based energy consumption modelling for machining“. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 96, Nr. 1-4 (25.01.2018): 631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1521-5.

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24

Vu, Viet Q., Laszlo S. Toth, Yan Beygelzimer, Roman Kulagin und Ali H. Kobaissy. „Modeling of Crystallographic Texture in Plastic Flow Machining“. Advanced Engineering Materials 22, Nr. 1 (September 2019): 1900661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201900661.

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25

Ma, Bao Li, Shi Ming Ji und Da Peng Tan. „Soft Abrasive Flow Machining“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 159 (März 2012): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.159.262.

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Soft Abrasive Flow Machining (SAFM) was presented as a new finishing process about the existing problems that the irregular surface of plastic mould was polishing difficultly. The paper first introduced the working principle and feature of SAMF. Secondly, the main influences of SAFM were analyzed. The problem of technology and theory urgent to settle was discussed. At the last, the technology development of SAFM was expected.
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26

Yin, Cheng, Rui Wang, Jeong Kim, Sang Lee und Sang Mun. „Ultra-High-Speed Magnetic Abrasive Surface Micro-Machining of AISI 304 Cylindrical Bar“. Metals 9, Nr. 5 (27.04.2019): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9050489.

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The ultra-high-speed magnetic abrasive machining (UHSMAM) process is a surface improvement technique, which has been widely used to minimize the surface accuracy and change the precision morphology of difficult-to-machine materials. Surface integrity plays an important role in the machining process, because it is used to evaluate the high stress and the loaded components on the machined surface. It is important to evaluate the plastically deformed layers in ultra-precision machining surface of material. However, the usual plastic strains in the ultra-precision machining surface are significantly difficult to consider. In this paper, an ultra-high-speed magnetic abrasive machining technique is used to improve the surface accuracy and dimensional accuracy of an AISI 304 bars. Additionally, the subsequent recrystallizations technique is used for measuring the plastic strain on machined surface of AISI 304 bars. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of an UHSMAM process on the plastic strains and the strain energy of the machined surface, and to evaluate the residual strain in the plastic deformation of AISI 304 bars materials by analyzing a plastically deformed layer. The results showed that the plastic strain of the material did not change after machined by an UHSMAM process. Based on the results, an UHSMAM process could significantly improve the surface roughness, micro-diameter, and removal weight of AISI 304 bars effectively. The surface roughness Ra of AISI 304 bars was improved from 0.32 µm to 0.03 µm for 40 s of machining time at 80,000 rpm of workpiece revolution speed.
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Fan, Ning, Xiang Bo Ze und Xiu Li Fu. „Milling Characteristic of Plastic Profiles Manufacturing“. Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (Mai 2011): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.522.

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Groove milling is an important working procedure in plastic profiles manufacturing. Rational milling parameters have great effect on machining efficiency and quality. The milling characteristic of plastic profiles is investigated by cutting experiments in the present paper. The cutting forces increase with the feed speed increase. The vibration occurs easily in transverse cutting because of the low stiffness of the plastic profiles. When the feed speed is large, the workpiece material would produce softening and daubing phenomena appears subsequently on the workpiece surface which affects machining quality. It is therefore that the milling parameters are determined by the avoidance of cutting vibration as well as daubing effect at the same time.
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Krimpenis, Agathoklis A., und John G. Tsakanikas. „On Systematic CAD/CAM Modeling of Blow Molds for Plastic Bottles“. Solid State Phenomena 261 (August 2017): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.261.448.

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A systematic and detailed approach in design and manufacturing of blow molds for bottles made of PET and PP plastic material with CAD/CAM software tools is presented, as many production errors and product deficiencies stem from inaccurate and imprecise tooling. Apart from high mold accuracy, proper planning also includes the minimization of mold machining costs, which mainly derives from CNC machining time and cutting tool wear. Blow mold design and manufacturing revolves around two major axes: (a) mold material and (b) machining parameter values. The former is critical in terms of production rates and mold life-cycle and the latter has a great impact on mold manufacturing cost, as well as on quality of the produced plastic bottles. Proper choice of machining parameters has a significant impact on thermal conductivity, durability, hardness, stiffness and roughness of the mold. The proposed methodology was implemented on three different test cases (beverage plastic bottles molds) and it was concluded that even the same machining parameter values offer the same mold quality.
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János, Líska, und Kodácsy János. „Drilling of Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic“. Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (Februar 2012): 958–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.958.

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Nowadays composite materials are used in many industrial areas. The main application of these is the aircraft industry. Problematic points with machining of composite materials are tool wear, tool life, delamination and temperature during machining of polymer composite materials. Paper focuses on investigation of delamination at drilling of glass fibre reinforced composites. Experiments were planned on the base so called design of experiment - DOE. We observed the evolution of delamination at investigations, when we combined 4 different variables (vc, fz, tool, cooling system). We investigated the evolution of force relations, torques, dimensional and shape accuracy, considering on delamination. We processed results statistically, for processing we used software MINITAB and MATLAB. We summarized results in tables and graphs.
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Han, Jide, Lihua Li und Wingbun Lee. „Machining of Lenticular Lens Silicon Molds with a Combination of Laser Ablation and Diamond Cutting“. Micromachines 10, Nr. 4 (16.04.2019): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10040250.

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Lenticular lenses are widely used in the three-dimensional display industry. Conventional lenticular lens components are made of plastics that have low thermal stability. An alternative is to use glass to replace plastic as the lenticular lens component material. Single crystal silicon is often used as the mold material in the precision glass molding process. It is, however, difficult to fabricate a lenticular lens silicon mold that has a large feature size compared to the critical depth of cut of silicon. In order to solve the problems of machining lenticular lens silicon molds using the conventional diamond cutting method, such as low machining efficiency and severe tool wear, a hybrid machining method that combined laser ablation and diamond cutting was proposed. A feasibility study was performed to investigate the possibility of using this method to fabricate a lenticular lens silicon mold. The influence of the laser parameters and machining parameters on the machining performance was investigated systematically. The experimental results indicated that this hybrid machining method could be a possible method for manufacturing lenticular lens silicon molds or other similar microstructures.
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John, KM, S. Thirumalai Kumaran, Rendi Kurniawan, Ki Moon Park und JH Byeon. „Review on the methodologies adopted to minimize the material damages in drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites“. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 38, Nr. 8 (17.12.2018): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684418819822.

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The applications of carbon fiber reinforced plastic materials have increased widely in the fields of aerospace, automotive, maritime, and sports equipment because of their excellent mechanical properties. Machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastics has a considerably more complex effect on drilling qualities than machining of conventional metals and their alloys due to the nonlinear, inhomogeneous, and abrasive nature of CFRPs. This article addresses the methodologies that have been adopted to minimize the material damages in drilling of polymeric composite materials. Key papers are reviewed with respect to tool types, materials, geometry and coatings, back-up plate, coolants, environment, unconventional machining, and high-speed drilling methodologies, which influence the hole qualities of delamination, burr, surface roughness, cylindricity, diameter error, and thermal damage with the effect of cutting variables (spindle speed and feed rate). In addition, some deburring strategies are also reviewed and discussed.
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Deng, Wen Jun, Wei Xia, Yong Li, Zhen Ping Wan und Yong Tang. „Large Plastic Deformation and Ultra-Fine Grained Structures Generated by Machining“. Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (März 2008): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.21.

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Microstructure of machined copper chips at very low velocity was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The structure of the machined chip produced by reasonable combinations of machining parameters is virtually entirely occupied by isolated equiaxed submicron grains of 100~300nm in size with high-angle boundaries. A finite element model was developed to study large plastic deformation in plain orthogonal machining copper. The numerical results show most of the grain refinement associated with the formation of ultra-fine grained chip may be attributed to the large shear strain imposed in the deformation zone. It is feasible to take machining process as a method of preparing ultra-fine grained materials. But the optimal design of the machining process requires a precise and quantitative understanding of the mechanics of deformation-induced subgrain microstructure.
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Unde, Prasad D., M. D. Gayakwad, N. G. Patil, R. S. Pawade, D. G. Thakur und P. K. Brahmankar. „Experimental Investigations into Abrasive Waterjet Machining of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic“. Journal of Composites 2015 (29.09.2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/971596.

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Abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) is an emerging machining process in which the material removal takes place due to abrasion. A stream of abrasive particles mixed with filtered water is subjected to the work surface with high velocity. The present study is focused on the experimental research and evaluation of the abrasive waterjet machining process in order to evaluate the technological factors affecting the machining quality of CFRP laminate using response surface methodology. The standoff distance, feed rate, and jet pressure were found to affect kerf taper, delamination, material removal rate, and surface roughness. The material related parameter, orientation of fiber, has been also found to affect the machining performance. The kerf taper was found to be 0.029 for 45° fiber orientation whereas it was 0.036 and 0.038 for 60° and 90°, respectively. The material removal rate is 18.95 mm3/sec for 45° fiber orientation compared to 18.26 mm3/sec for 60° and 17.4 mm3/sec for 90° fiber orientation. The Ra value for 45° fiber orientation is 4.911 µm and for 60° and 90° fiber orientation it is 4.927 µm and 4.974 µm, respectively. Delamination factor is found to be more for 45° fiber orientation, that is, 2.238, but for 60° and 90° it is 2.029 and 2.196, respectively.
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34

Azuddin, M., Z. Taha und Imtiaz Ahmed Choudhury. „Micro Plastic Part Fabrication Using Custom Made Vertical Injection Molding Machine“. Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (Februar 2011): 1337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1337.

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This study focuses on fabrication of a micro plastic part using custom made vertical injection molding machine. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) and micro mechanical machining was used to fabricate micro shape cavity on aluminum mold. The mold was embedded with Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) window to observe the behavior of plastic melt flow during injection. The custom made vertical injection molding machine has capabilities to produce a micro plastic part. But, the filling behavior observation was contrast with MoldFlow analysis software. The flashing problem occurs at each molded micro part due to improper selection of injection molding parameter.
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35

Işık, Birhan, und Erhan Altan. „Cutting Forces in Orthogonal Turning of Unidirectional Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic Composites“. Advanced Composites Letters 20, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 096369351102000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351102000101.

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Experimental investigation of machining is cost prohibitive. The number of parameters to control, the exhaustive material characterisation and the time consuming procedure to determine the mechanical responses like cutting forces restricts experimental studies. In this context, mathematical modelling can be a feasible tool for studying the various responses in machining. This paper presents an attempt to investigate orthogonal machining of unidirectional Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic Composite (UD-GFRP) materials using mathematical modelling. The model entailing fibre orientation, shear strength, depth of cut, feed, friction angle and rake angle is constructed for investigating the tangential cutting and feed cutting force developed during machining. The numerical results are compared to the experimental results. The comparison indicates that the model provides satisfactory prediction of the cutting forces. The relations between process parameters are discussed.
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Martinkovič, Maroš, und Peter Pokorný. „Analysis of Local Plastic Deformation of Machined Surface“. Defect and Diffusion Forum 368 (Juli 2016): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.368.7.

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Technological processes of machining lead to plastically deformation of workpieces. Therefore it is needful to know influence of machining to machined material. The area of plastically deformation caused by friction of tool to machined surface was analysed. Local strain in structure was estimated by measurement of deformation of grains on metallographic cut using stereology. Local plastic deformation in deformation zone around the surface of drilled holes, local plastic deformation in deformation zone near the surface of milled workpiece and local plastic deformation near the surface of turned workpiece were investigated. The working piece was bulk from carbon steel CK45 (1.0503). Local plastic deformation was observed in case of drilling and turning, in case of milling no deformation of surface was present.
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Хандожко, Александр, Alexandr Khandozhko, Андрей Щербаков, Andrey Shcherbakov, Леонид Захаров und Leonid Zakharov. „IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT FOR PLASTIC PRODUCT MACHINING“. Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2018, Nr. 12 (18.12.2018): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5c0f975532f039.91247226.

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38

Swaminathan, Srinivasan, M. Ravi Shankar, Balkrishna C. Rao, W. Dale Compton, Srinivasan Chandrasekar, Alexander H. King und Kevin P. Trumble. „Severe plastic deformation (SPD) and nanostructured materials by machining“. Journal of Materials Science 42, Nr. 5 (04.01.2007): 1529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0745-9.

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39

Ramulu, M. „Machining and surface integrity of fibre-reinforced plastic composites“. Sadhana 22, Nr. 3 (Juni 1997): 449–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02744483.

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40

Kenda, J., J. Duhovnik, J. Tavčar und J. Kopač. „Abrasive flow machining applied to plastic gear matrix polishing“. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 71, Nr. 1-4 (21.11.2013): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5461-4.

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41

Hakimi, Ismail Mahamad, S. Sharif und Denni Kurniawan. „Laminate Orientation Effect on Drilling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composites“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.768.

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Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites are often used in combination with other materials, requiring it to be machined during fabrication of a structure. Drilling as the most common machining process of CFRP is complex often results in delamination of the composites. The complexity is contributed by CFRP composites fiber orientation which can be of unidirectional or quasi-isotropic type depending on the applications. This study reviews the machinability of CFRP composites by considering fiber orientation and machining conditions used during drilling. Their relation with machining thrust force which leads to delamination is the central theme. An insight in obtaining delamination-free holes is also discussed.
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42

Vojtko, Imrich, Vladimir Simkulet, Petr Baron und Imrich Orlovský. „Microstructural Characteristics Investigation of the Chip-Making Process after Machining“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 616 (August 2014): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.616.344.

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Machining as a base technology for the manufacture of precision engineering components has a dominant position. Interaction of machine - tool - work piece has a significant impact on the quality of surface, next to under surface changes of worked material and finally to the total production process. In this work microstructures characteristics of the arising chip are evaluated depending on the defined conditions used for machining. Further basic patterns of the manufacturing process as well as the accompanying effects on the cutting process are clarified. Theory of formation of chip is not nearly closed part of the analytical theory of cutting indicates a possibility of further investigation boundaries of these zones of deformation, the application of mathematical, physical and other methods of examination, verification of modern experimental methods. Thickness of chip was achieved to 50 µm. This micro hardness value was selected to the plastic zones. In area of primary plastic deformation was in range from 256,7 to 264,0 HV 0,1. Area of secondary plastic deformation was higher as primary plastic deformation, it was in range of 289,4 to 357,4 HV 0,1. In plastic deformation area was in range from 261,5 to 278,2 HV 0,1 which is consequence of the action of the outgoing temperature
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Wu, Wen Ge, Si Qin Pang und Zhan Qiang Liu. „Analysis of Reversible Fine Machining Sequence Effect on Surface Integrity“. Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (Juli 2006): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.391.

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Reversible cutting method is a new research thesis proposed to shorten processing route, decrease tool number and handling time, increase machining efficiency. The aim of the presented work was to analysis the effects of reversible fine machining sequence on surface integrity in machined layer. Nonlinear hardening during reverse loading and the change of the Bauschinger effect factor with plastic strain were properly taken into account. In experiments, the residual stresses have been measured using the X-ray diffraction technique (at the surface of the workpiece and in depth). Moreover, micro-hardness and surface roughness of machined surface are presented. Experimental data for the range of cutting parameters tested showed that the reversible fine machining produce the tensile residual stresses at the surface, which are critical in the performance of the machined components. The experimental results of micro-hardness of reversible fine machining technique are smaller than that of general fine machining show that decreased plastic deformation of the surface layer and work-hardening. Surface roughness of machined surface with reversible finishing is discussed. Research results indicted that it can be adopted such planning which rough machining during advance stroke and fine machining or semi-finishing during return stroke in machining process. In this way, it has such advantages that increase machining efficiency and machining accuracy, decrease bending deformation.
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Wang, Rui, Joo Hyun Park, Lida Heng, Jae Won Choi und Sang Don Mun. „Ultra-High-speed Micro Machined Surface Integrity of Plastic Strain in Magnetic Abrasive Machining“. International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing 6, Nr. 2 (April 2018): 118–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmmm.2018.6.2.359.

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45

Sha, Zhi Hua, Fang Wang und Sheng Fang Zhang. „Drilling Simulation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composites Based on Finite Element Method“. Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (Mai 2013): 2519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2519.

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Carbon fiber reinforced plastics are widely used in aerospace and aircraft industries because of their remarkable advantages such as lightweight and high strength. However, as their properties are different with metals, those materials are difficult to machine in conventional ways, the machining defects may appear and the machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to guarantee. Oriented to drilling of carbon fiber reinforce plastics, a machining model based on finite element method are presented in this paper, the drilling simulation of carbon fiber reinforced plastics using Deform-3D are realized, and the factors which influence the machining quality of the hole are analyzed in-depth. It shows the simulation results are accord with the results from the literatures and experiments and can used as evidence in drilling parameters optimizing and drilling quality improving.
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46

Jagadeesh, B., P. Dinesh Babu, M. Nalla Mohamed und P. Marimuthu. „Experimental investigation and optimization of abrasive water jet cutting parameters for the improvement of cut quality in carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminates“. Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, Nr. 1 (10.08.2017): 178–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717725911.

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The utilization of composite materials has nowadays increased in aerospace applications due to their less weight and superior mechanical properties. Nevertheless, machining of composite materials without damage is quite challenging through conventional system due to their inherent heterogeneity, anisotropy, and thermal sensitivity. To overcome this problem, abrasive water jet machining process can be employed. It is a non-conventional machining processes with high accuracy, high flexibility and with no heat generation. However, there are more challenges in cutting fiber reinforced plastics with this technique. Hence, this work deals with the assessment of the optimum process parameters in abrasive water jet cutting of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite. Cutting experiments were conducted by varying input parameters such as the traverse rate, standoff distance on three laminates of different thickness. Analysis of variance through response surface methodology technique was used to study the effect of each input parameters on the output responses such as kerf taper and surface roughness. Optimum parameters that provide the best machining quality were found using numerical and graphical optimization techniques. The results showed that increasing the traverse rate results in increased surface roughness and taper angle of the cut kerf. Hence lower traverse rate is preferable when machining quality is of high importance.
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47

Pandey, Gaurav. „Experimental Study During Electrical Discharge Machining of Reinforced Carbon Fiber Plastic Material“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, Nr. 8 (31.08.2021): 1445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37589.

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Abstract: The proper selection of machining conditions and machining parameter is an important aspect, before going to machine a carbon-fiber composite material by Die sinking electrical discharge machining (EDM). Because these conditions will determine such important characteristics as; Material removal rate (MRR), Electrode wears rate (EWR), and Surface roughness (R). The purpose of this work is to determine the optimal values of machining parameters of electrical discharge machine, while machining carbon-fiber-composite with copper electrode. The work has been based on the affect of four design factors: pulse current(Ip) supplied by power supply system of electrical discharge machine (EDM), pulse-on-time(TON), gap voltage(Vg) and duty cycle () on such characteristic like material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate(EWR), and surface roughness(Ra) on work-piece surface. This work has been done by means of the technique of design of experiment (DOE), which provides us to perform the above-mentioned analysis with small number of experiments. In this work, a L9 orthogonal array is used to design the experiment. The adequate selection of machining parameters is very important in manufacturing system, because these parameters determine the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the manufactured part. The optimal setting of the parameters are determined through experiments planned, conducted and analyzed using the Taguchi method. It is found that material removal rate (MRR) reduces substantially, within the region of experimentation, if the parameters are set at their lowest values, while the parameters set at their highest values increases electrode wear rate (EWR). Keywords: EDM, Material removal rate, Surface roughness, Tool wear rate,
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48

Liu, Zhan Qiang, Xing Ai und Zhao Hui Wang. „A Comparison Study of Surface Hardening by Grinding Versus Machining“. Key Engineering Materials 304-305 (Februar 2006): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.304-305.156.

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This paper presents a comparison study of surface hardening by grinding versus machining. The technological, economical and ecological merits of machining hardening and grind-hardening process for steels are described. The mechanisms of machining hardening and grind-hardening of steels are investigated and compared. The phase transformation, plastic deformation and white layer generation are the principal factors contributing to the hardened surface layer by machining and grinding. The influences of the process parameters on the penetrated hardness are given for both grind-hardening and machining hardening operations. The future development trends of the grind-hardening and machining hardening are also presented.
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49

Bałon, Paweł, Edward Rejman, Robert Smusz und Bartłomiej Kiełbasa. „High speed machining of the thin-walled aircraft constructions“. Mechanik 90, Nr. 8-9 (11.09.2017): 726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.8-9.105.

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Machining operations of thin-walled elements generate a lot of production process issues related to deformations and elastic and plastic displacements of the workpiece. Due to displacements of the milled workpiece, vibrations can occur, and thus, geometric errors may occur on surface in the structure of the workpiece. Furthermore, plastic deformation can also cause shape problems and be a source of internal stresses in the surface layer, which are highly difficult to remove and lead to deformation of the workpiece after machining. Consequently, this leads to an increase in the manufacturing costs of machining operations, especially of thin-walled elements, due to shortages and increased manufacturing time. It is recommended that multiple methods for minimizing machining errors be utilized to improve the quality of thin walled elements, such as: optimization of the machining strategy, increase of the cutting speed vc, optimization of cutting parameters, especially feed per blade fz, the radial depth of cut ae due to the minimization of the cutting force component perpendicular to the surface of the milled wall.
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50

Durão, Luís Miguel P., A. G. Magalhães, António Torres Marques, A. M. Baptista und M. Figueiredo. „Drilling of Fibre Reinforced Plastic Laminates“. Materials Science Forum 587-588 (Juni 2008): 706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.706.

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The use of fibre reinforced plastics – FRP’s – in structures is under a considerable increase. Advantages of their use are related with their low weight, high strength and stiffness. The improvement of the dynamic characteristics has been profitable for aeronautics, automobile, railway, naval and sporting goods industries. Drilling is a widely used machining technique as it is needed to assemble parts in a structure. This is a unique machining process, characterized by the existence of two different mechanisms: extrusion by the drill chisel edge and cutting by the rotating cutting lips. Drilling raises particular problems that can reduce mechanical and fatigue strength of the parts. In this work, quasi-isotropic hybrid laminates with 25% of carbon fibre reinforced plies and 4 mm thickness are produced, tested and drilled. Three different drill geometries are compared. Results considered are the interlaminar fracture toughness in Mode I – GIc –, thrust force during drilling and delamination extent after drilling. A bearing test is performed to evaluate tool influence on the load carrying capacity of the plate. Results consider the influence of drill geometry on delamination. A correlation linking plate damage to bearing test results is presented.
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