Dissertationen zum Thema „Plasmas (gaz ionisés) – Recherche“
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Martz, Christophe. „Spectrométrie ionique dans la magnétosphère et le vent solaire : simulation et précision des mesures coordonnées au moyen des 4 satellites de la mission Cluster“. Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubois, Thibault. „Electron dynamics in crossed-field discharges“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCrossed-field plasma discharges have a wide variety of applications, including space propulsion (e.g. Hall thrusters) and materials processing (planar magnetrons). The crossed magnetic and electric field configuration creates features such as plasma turbulence and anisotropies in particle properties, the understanding of which require detailed information on electrons. Direct experimental study of these features would contribute to the development of high-fidelity numerical simulations of such plasmas, and to an improved understanding of their operation. An intense research effort has been devoted in recent years to the study of phenomena such as so-called "anomalous" electron transport across the field lines, which exceeds by several orders of magnitude that expected from collisions. The lack of complete understanding of this phenomenon limits the predictive capability of numerical codes for thrusters and other devices. Recent work has, however, established a link between this transport and high-frequency instabilities within the plasma. The complexity of this behavior (3D propagation, coupling effects) requires not only the development of high-performance, full-dimensional numerical codes, but also advanced diagnostics for electron behavior and properties.The nature of these discharges (such as high degrees of electron magnetization and energy, architecture) render invasive diagnostics such as Langmuir probes limited in their capacity to probe electron features. In this work, two diagnostics based on Thomson scattering were applied to the study of such features: THETIS (incoherent Thomson scattering), for measurement of individual electron properties such as temperature (more broadly, electron energy distribution functions), density and drift velocity, while PRAXIS (coherent Thomson scattering), for measurement of small-scale electron density fluctuations (associated with MHz-frequency waves). In a 1.5 kW Hall-effect thruster, the evolution of electron properties along the radial direction was directly measured. A radial variation in the electron properties, most marked for electron temperature, was observed. A linear kinetic theory model was used to evaluate the form of the dispersion relation corresponding to the measured plasma conditions, and this was compared with previous measurements made using PRAXIS. This analysis revealed a smoothing effect of the dispersion relation which could be accounted for due to the variation of electron properties along the characteristic measurement volume dimensions. In a HiPIMS planar magnetron, several discharge conditions were studied, with argon and helium, for peak currents ranging from 40 A to 600 A. Time-resolved features such as anisotropy of the drift velocity were measured, and an analysis of the contributions to the particle drifts was performed under varying conditions. The linear kinetic theory was adapted to the magnetron. The application of PRAXIS to measurements in the planar magnetron revealed the presence of two instabilities in the HiPIMS mode, one identified as the electron cyclotron drift instability (ECDI), studied in previous work, and the second mode propagating at an angle of 45° to the target surface. A preliminary analysis of the perturbative influence of a simple Langmuir probe in the plasma was also carried out on the planar magnetron, and it was observed that a systematic increase in the instability group velocity was occurred in the presence of such a probe.The application of advanced electron diagnostics to measurements in this work have enabled an improved characterization (including with high temporal resolution) of the electron properties and dynamics of these crossed-field devices
Futatani, Shimpei. „Etude du transport turbulent des impuretés dans les plasmas de tokamak“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to understand impurity transport dynamics in the magnetically confined fusion plasmas. This includes the influence of the turbulent field which induces an anomalous transport in the plasma. Furthermore, this work demonstrates remarkable aspects for impurity transport in two different instabilities: ``ion temperature gradient (ITG) and trapped electron mode (TEM)''. It is shown that in presence of an internal transport barrier (ITB) created by a reversed magnetic shear configuration, one can obtain the reversal of impurity pinch velocity which can change from inward direction to outward direction. This scenario is favourable for expelling impurities from the central region and decontaminating the core plasma. The mechanism of pinch reversal is attributed to a change of direction of the curvature pinch and to a modification of the dominant underlying instability caused by a change of the gradient of the ion temperature which is a consequence of the ITB formation
De, Dominici Gregory. „Understand and predict the power threshold leading to reduced turbulent transport at the edge of tokamak plasma“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0320.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA model based on a model which natively contained turbulence and turbulence driven flow. It has been improved to include the diamagnetic effects, the magnetic fluctuations, and in this work, we study the parametric dependencies of the observed L-H transition power threshold with respect to the ion mass. By including the diamagnetic effects in our model, we allow the competition between the drift waves and the interchange instabilities. This competition is here studied using fixed gradient simulation. We show in this work that the diamagnetic effects are stabilizing for a resistivity close to experimental conditions. Electromagnetic effects lead to more unstable modes at realistic resistivities. Moreover, a quasilinear estimation of the turbulent flux is able to qualitatively grasp the competition between the drift waves and the interchange and the behaviour of the nonlinear electrostatic turbulent flux with resistivity and plasma beta. Another parametric dependency of the turbulence is studied, by changing the mass of the isotope. This is known as the isotope effect. We show here that the turbulence is reduced when the ion mass is increased. Finally, the characteristic times of the turbulence are studied.Magnetic fluctuations have a dramatic effect on correlation times of the turbulence, by drastically reducing them. Accounting for these results, we present in this work the auto-generation of a transport barrier with electromagnetic simulations of edge turbulence, when the heat power is higher than a threshold, using flux-driven simulations. We have then changed the isotope, and correspondingly to experiments, the power threshold is lower for higher isotope mass
Dubuit, Nicolas. „Transport turbulent d'impuretés dans un plasma magnétisé“. Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0253_DUBUIT.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe turbulent impurity transport is an essential issue for the achievement of magnetically confined fusion. Indeed, a build-up of impurities in the plasma core induces radiation energy losses. On the other hand, it is foreseen to inject impurities at the plasma edge in order to extract heat by radiation. These conditions impose control and therefore understanding of impurity transport. An analytical expression for the turbulent flux of impurities for a given turbulent spectrum have been derived using a quasilinear theory applied to a drift-wave turbulence. The nature and characteristics of the main accumulation (or pinch) mechanisms for impurities have been identified. A new version of the fluid turbulence code TRB has been developed. This version allows simulating the transport of impurities in electronic and ionic drift-wave turbulence. Zero-flux simulations, corresponding to a stationnary plasma whose impurity source is limited to the plasma edge, confirmed the presence of an impurity pinch. Quasilinear predictions have been numerically confirmed, and the relative importance of the various pinch mechanisms has been studied. The dominant role of curvature pinch has been shown. Finally, simulations have been compared to experimental measurements made on JET and Tore Supra tokamaks. The presence of a turbulent pinch of impurities has been confirmed, as well as the independence of transport on impurity charge
Beaufumé, Pascale. „Transfert énergétique anormal dans les plasmas chauds : couronne solaire et tokamak“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0229.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrioul, Mathieu. „Etude expérimentale des propulseurs de type Hall : processus collisionnels, comportement dynamique, micro-instabilités et phénomènes de transport“. Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaussurier, Gérald. „Traitement statistique des proprietes spectrales des plasmas a l'equilibre thermodynamique local dans le cadre du modele hydrogenique ecrante“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPXX0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMatte, Jean-Pierre. „Modélisation cinétique de l'intéraction laser-plasma“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EPXX0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSILVESTRE, NICOLAS. „Etude de l'instabilite brillouin stimulee et de l'instabilite modulationnelle dans les experiences d'acceleration de particule par battement de deux ondes laser“. Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrandgirard, Virginie. „Modelisation de l'equilibre d'un plasma de tokamak“. Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA2039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFleurence, Emmanuel. „Descriptions fluide et cinétique d'une turbulence d'interchange dans un plasma magnétisé“. Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0141_FLEURENCE.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe kinetic and fluid descriptions of the interchange instability are compared in the linear and non-linear regimes. The prediction of the turbulent transport in tokamaks is the general framework. The kinetic model is two dimensional in space, and one dimensional in energy. The fluid analogue retains the dynamics of both density and pressure. The closure, which acts on the heat flux, is collisional. The fluid system is shown to be equivalent to two Vlasov-type equations for two distinct monokinetic distribution functions. This allows one to use the same numerical tool to run non-linear simulations in kinetic and fluid. For similar linear characteristics, the level of heat turbulent transport is larger in fluid than in kinetics, by orders of magnitudes. Zonal flows do not explain the whole discrepancy. As a matter of fact, the distribution function departs significantly from a maxwellian, so that the adopted closure is failing. An alternative collisionless closure is proposed. It aims at fitting the quasi-linear entropy production rates. In this case, the kinetic and fluid linear properties can be made similar
Bennadji, Kamel. „Effets des corrections de champ local sur les propriétés thermodynamiques et de transport dans les plasmas corrélés“. Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFully ionized hydrogen plasma is studied within an HNC-STLS model. Ions and electrons are separately studied with HNC and STLS models respectively, the influence of a system on an other is taken into account. It was shown that electron correlations, modelled here by the Local Field Corrections, affect the plasma proprieties and this effect is correlated with the electrons coupling parameter. In particular, the effective ions potential calculated within this model, differs with the one calculated within the Random Phase Approximation. The difference between the two potentials becomes great as the electron coupling parameter grows up. It was also observed that the effective potential in position space becomes negative for certain densities which correspond to an electron coupling parameter greater than unity. This potential makes damped oscillations around zero. These Local Field Correction effects on the effective potential affect the plasma proprieties as the electrical conductivity, the pressure and the internal energy
Berenguer, Chloé. „Diagnostic optique de plasmas à forte densité d'énergie“. Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work which has been done at the GAPHYOR Atomic Data Center in the LPGP laboratory of the Université Paris XI, concerns developpement of the rare gases Collisional-Radiative (C-R) models, and their numerous applications to diagnostics and modeling. It considers the neutrals and the first four argon and xénon ions. Validation of the model includes evaluation of a huge amount of atomic data and their comparison with those of the litterature. Theoretical spectra have been compared to those given by the LANL code and to experimental spectra coming from numerous devices, belonging to the IR, visible and UV/VUV regions. These include the ionic thruster SPT-50 prototype of ONERA fed with Xe, a DBD tube filled with Xe, available at LPGP and a Xe beam-foil experiment at IPNAS. Spectroscopic studies of the standard spectra as reported in the AIPH and of the DIVA plasma reactor of LPGP are also included. The present thesis work has also an experimental part: accordingly, we have done spectral measurements in DIVA and in other devices. We have also studied the spectra obtained in the WEGA stellarator (IPPG) working with Ar and with Xe. We obtained a validation of our C-R models based to these numerous theoretical and experimental studies, which allows for optical diagnostics and modeling of high energy density plasmas
Dong, Binjie. „Etude et caractérisation de plasmas destinés au contrôle actif d'écoulements gazeux subsoniques“. Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuiziou, Laurent. „Etude du transport de l'énergie sur le tokamak TORE SUPRA“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNing, Ning. „Simulation atomistique des collisions entre des agrégats de silicium hydrogéné et leur dépôt sur un substrat de silicium cristallin dans un réacteur plasma“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuni, Fakhreddine. „Production d'hydrogène et valorisation des alcanes par plasma non thermique“. Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrun, Cédric. „Propriétés statistiques des modes de Fourier en turbulence dévéloppée“. Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5597.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the intermittency in fully developed turbulence. In a first part, we study the statistical properties of Fourier modes in a turbulent flow. These quantities are often evoked to describe turbulence. Recent experimental studies demonstrated that the Fourier modes of vorticity and temperature are only weakly intermittent in the inertial range of scales. We confirm these results by measurements done in direct numerical simulations. Our work proposes an explanation of the observed effects and some more general remarks. The second part of this work is devoted to the intermittency of a passive scalar. We use an approach based on the evolution equations through scales of the density probability function of the passive scalar increments. These equations are derived from first principles, under different hypothesis of isotropy ; the closure problem is reduced to the determination of some conditional averages. We carry out a study by means of direct numerical simulations in order to provide the data needed to validate this approach. This work demonstrates the influence of the large scales in the inertial statistical properties of the mixing
Morros, Tosas Jorge. „Analyse des équations magnétohydrodynamiques et étude des bifurcations des solutions non linéaires“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX11213.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZekri, Stéphane. „Approche hamiltonienne de la turbulence faible de Langmuir“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX11022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDOUIEB, FREDDY. „Etude experimentale d'un commutateur a ouverture de plasma de differentes geometries“. Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112475.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMICHAUT-BEHAR, CLAIRE. „Etude experimentale et simulation de l'acceleration et du transport d'un faisceau d'ions negatifs“. Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066181.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEL, BALGHITI FADWA. „Etude de plasmas a forte proportion d'ions negatifs, etude de l'adjonction de cesium. Methode d'absorption pour la determination de la densite de l'hydrogene atomique“. Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112441.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCouëdel, Lénaïc Gaël Hervé Fabien. „Formation et dynamique de nanoparticules dans un plasma complexe (poussiéreux) : de l'allumage du plasma à la phase post-décharge“. Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Ahmar Elise. „Combustion assistée par hydrogène et radicaux générés par plasmas non thermiques“. Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDervieux, Vincent Nicolas Marie. „Caractérisation des plasmas chauds et denses produits par intéraction laser à ultra-haute intensité d'une cible solide“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPXX0041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCristofani, Pascal (1970 ). „Activité M. H. D. Associée à la surface q=1 dans le tokamak Tore-Supra“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11083.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCABRIT, BERTRAND. „Diffusion collective de la lumiere par un gaz turbulent : dispersion moleculaire et turbulente“. Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066427.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaty, Hubert. „Etude de l'evolution non lineaire du kink interne et de la reconnexion magnetique dans les tokamaks“. Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSalin, Gwenaël. „Etude des propriétés dynamiques d'un modèle simple de plasma : théorie et simulations numériques“. Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrethes-Dupouey, Sylvie. „Dépollution plasma chimique en phase gazeuse : application à la destruction de l'hydrogène sulfuré“. Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU3011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAugst, Nathalie. „Etude théorique et expérimentale d'un klystron relativiste à effet de porte“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EPXX0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTimoumi, Souad. „Transformation physiques et chimiques de l’azithromycine au cours du séchage par contact en lit agité et sous vide“. Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe two main objectives of this word were : 1) the experimental study of the effect of hygro-thermal conditions variation on the physical stability and the thermophysical properties of azithromycin ; 2) the determination of the drying operating conditions that provide the best compromise between the chemical purity of the product and the processing time by means of an experimental design. As concerns the first goal, the density, the heat capacity, the heat conductivity, the solubility and the desorption isotherms of the commercial azithromycin, were determined for a start. Then, the samples heated at 50°C and 80°C were analysed by PLM, DSC, TGA and WRPD techniques and the data were compared to that of the original sample. According to these data, the original azithromycin was a stable dehydrate which converted by isomorphic dehydration (the crystalline lattice remained unchanged) to a very hygroscopic anhydrate when heated up to 80° C. As concerns the second goal, drying trials were realised by means of laboratory equipment according to a second order experimental design. The operating parameters were the heating wall temperature, the vessel total pressure and the rotational speed of the stirrer. The responses of our experimental plan were the total impurity content and the specific contents of impurities A and B. According to our results, the highest temperatures and lowest pressures corresponded, on one hand, to the lowest drying times, but, on the other hand, to the highest impurities contents. The generation of impurity A was evidently activated by temperature. Finally, a global operating optimum was determined by targeting the maximum tolerated impurities contents and by minimizing the drying time
Sandoz, Caroline. „Structures turbulentes de petites échelles dans le problème à N corps : application aux plamas unidimensionnels et aux rotateurs couplés“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11078.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGarbet, Xavier. „Turbulence et transport anormal dans les plasmas de Tokamak“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613789t.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMétral, Jérôme. „Modélisation et simulation numérique de l'écoulement d'un plasma atmosphérique pour l'étude de l'activité électrique des plasmas sur avion“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0868.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA ionized gas (or plasma) has the ability of absorbing or reflecting electromagnetic (radar) waves if its ionization rate is high enough. This is particularly interesting for aeronautics. This study aims at predicting the electric and energetic characteristics of a weakly ionized air plasma in an atmospheric pressure flow. The plasma is described by a two-temperature model, coming from the non-equilibrium description of plasmas. Plasma flow is then described by a two-temperature hydrodynamic system coupled with a collisional model (energy exchanges rates) and a kinetic model (chemical reactions). An algorithm was built to simulate plasma flow in axisymetric geometry. The algorithm is a 2D Lagrange + Projection scheme. The projection step was adapted to multi-components advection, using a second order, non oscillating, and bidimensionnal scheme. This algorithm allows the simulation of experiments concerning atmospheric pressure plasma and then the validation of the model parameters. In a second part, we study the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) which is a boundary condition to simulate wave propagation in open domains. This method is particularly efficient for electromagnetic problems, and we want to enlarge this approach to aeroacoutics problems (linearized Euler equations). We propose two solutions: a practical approach to avoid numerical oscillations of the solution and a more general approach which consists in a new absorbing layer formulation which leads to well-posed problems
Martinie, Olivier. „Caractérisation physique et chimique de décharges hors équilibre : application au traitement des NOx“. Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE2047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarino, Raffaele. „Scaling laws in solar wind turbulence“. Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn my PhD thesis I re-derive the Yaglom law for the MHD, a proportionality relation between the mixed third-order moment of the longitudinal increments of the Elsässer fields and the increment scale. Using Ulysses spacecraft measurements, I evidenced for the first time the existence of this relation in the polar solar wind, proving the presence of a local energy cascade and the turbulent character of the field fluctuations in Alfvénic plasmas. The observation of the Yaglom law for MHD also permits the first direct estimation of pseudo-energy dissipation rates in solar wind turbulence. In the thesis I also explored the possibility that the dissipation of energy occurring at the end of a turbulent MHD cascade can be responsible for the solar wind heating. I found that incompressible turbulent cascade can contribute to the solar wind in situ heating from 8 % to 50 % on average, and up to 100 % in some cases. Analysis of the ecliptic wind measured by Ulysses show that while the fast ecliptic streams have similar properties as the polar fast wind, the slow streams show an highly enhanced energy transport. I also study the role of large scale solar wind density fluctuations in MHD turbulence and showed that a phenomenological compressible Yaglom-like relation is verified within the solar wind, indicating that compressible effects are an important ingredient of the turbulent cascade and permit the transfer of a considerably larger amount of energy toward the small scales, where it can be dissipated to heat the plasma and slow down the radial cooling of the wind as observed in interplanetary space
Gerbaud, Thomas. „Étude de la microturbulence par réflectométrie dans un plasma de fusion sur le tokamak Tore-Supra“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10086/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFast-sweeping reflectometry in extraordinary mode allows direct measurement of radial wavenumber local spectra S(_n/n](kr, r), and radial profiles of density fluctuations, on Tore Supra tokamak. Wavelet-based approach – a mathematical tool for position-frequency analysis – made possible to consider the strong radial variation of the measured turbulence. Special consideration was given to the validation of spectra and turbulent profiles measurements, by comparing with experimental measurements (reflectometries, probes) and numerical non-linear gyrokinetic simulations. This density fluctuations measurement method has been used to analyse the local transport, by performing a dimensionless scaling on collisionnality, __. The scaling experiments allow direct comparisons of plasmas from different tokamaks. A clear decrease of the normalized confinement time of the plasma energy with the normalized collisionnality was observed : B_E _ __-0.5±0.15. These new measurements of density fluctuations profiles have shown an intense rise of the edge turbulence (r/a > 0.8) when increasing – also observed by Doppler reflectometry diagnostic – providing a physical explanation of the loss of confinement with the normalized collisionnality. More central regions did not present apparent variations (_n/n, _eff). Core plasma simulations (linear stability code KineZero and non-linear gyrokinetic GYRO) were performed, in order to analyse the experimental behaviour of the plasma
Dorville, Nicolas. „Etude des couches frontières dans les plasmas : Structure et stabilité de la magnétopause terrestre“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01181616/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe terrestrial magnetopause is the boundary between the solar wind (compressed by a shock) and the terrestrial magnetosphere. This kind of thin and nearly impenetrable boundary naturally forms each time two magnetized plasmas are pushed one toward another. It happens here, like for several astrophysical situations, in a collisionless medium. For these reasons, the terrestrial magnetopause, accessible experimentally with a lot of satellite missions, is representative of a very general type of interfaces. Key phenomena like plasma transport across the boundary, heating and acceleration of charged particles or magnetic reconnection, take place at these interfaces. Therefore, studying and deeply understanding such kind of boundary is critical to understand the fundamental plasma physics. The terrestrial magnetopause is the boundary between two plasmas of different densities and temperatures. The magnetic fields of the magnetosphere and the solar wind have also different directions and intensities. The transition observed at the magnetopause therefore concerns matter, with two interpenetrating plasmas, and fields. How do these different kinds of variations combine and what structure does it give to the boundary? These are the questions we study in this work. The simplest case, when the boundary can be considered locally as a plane and is stationary, will be the basis of the study, but we will also show how a boundary shaken by instabilities and magnetic reconnection can deviate from these simple models. In the first part of the thesis, we show an experimental study of the magnetopause using the data from the European Cluster mission. We show how to combine magnetic and ion data to obtain a characterization of the normal direction to the boundary and a coordinate along this normal, and validate this new tool. Then, we show that when the normal magnetic field is nonzero, the boundary can be a succession of small layers bearing separately the rotational and compressional variations. We give clues on the good way to study these in detail. In the second part of the thesis, we develop a theoretical model of the structure as a 1D-stationay equilibrium of a current layer like the magnetopause. This equilibrium is a kinetical one, that means it is valid for the distribution function, and not only its first moments like density, fluid velocity, and pressure. This is necessary in a collisionless medium as soon as the characteristic scale of the particle motion, particularly the Larmor radius, is not negligible with respect to the thickness of the layer. Such kinds of equilibria are necessary to initialize the numerical simulations that are used to study the magnetopause and the instabilities that can happen at the boundary like the tearing instability (which implies reconnection). Finally, we present a new tool for building Fourier spectra and phases for space plasmas turbulence studies
Mazzi, Samuele. „Impact of fast ions on microturbulence in fusion plasmas“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0470.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe exploitation of magnetically confined fusion plasmas as a sustainable and clean energy source is limited by the radially outward turbulent transport. Such transport is mainly induced by microinstabilities. Next-generation fusion devices will be mainly heated by the alpha particles born from the nuclear fusion reactions. Alpha particles must be well confined in order to transfer their energy to the bulk ions. However, very little knowledge is available regarding the interaction between alpha particles and microturbulence. Thus, unexpected turbulence and transport regimes may lead to further detrimental effects on the performance of future alpha-heated devices. The study of a tokamak scenario which can mimic the experimental conditions expected in future devices is hence crucial. Numerical investigations on the impact of highly energetic fast ions, mimicking the alpha particle dynamics, on the turbulent transport driven by Ion Temperature Gradient and Trapped Electron Mode instabilities have been carried out in a validated framework. It is shown that a suppression of the ion-scale turbulent transport may be achieved in the presence of such highly energetic ions. Alfvén Eigenmodes (AEs), destabilized by the highly energetic ions through a wave-particle interaction, play an essential role in the multi-scale mechanism leading to the turbulence suppression. Deep analyses further highlight the possibility to recognize hallmarks of the ion-scale transport reduction, regardless the dominant turbulent regime
Valensi, Flavien. „Contribution à l’étude des phénomènes liés aux effets anodiques et cathodiques en soudage MIG-MAG“. Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChérigier-Kovacic, Laurence. „Mise au point d'un diagnostic de fluorescence induite par laser et application à l'étude d'un plasma d'argon multipolaire“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleETEMADI, ROXANA. „Depot d'oxydes et de nitrures de silicium par double plasma microonde et radiofrequence : etude du plasma et des proprietes optiques et structurelles des couches deposees“. Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElmahdy, Abdel-Menem Mohamed. „Influence des caractéristiques d'un réacteur PECVD sur les performances d'une structure mis élaborée sur phosphure d'indium“. Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30137.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCOURTEILLE, CATHERINE. „Etude d'une grande source multipolaire hybride d'ions negatifs d'hydrogene et de deuterium. Developpement des techniques de mesures par photodetachement laser“. Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN2020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCaillault, Lise. „Etude expérimentale et modélisation d'un réflecteur à plasma dans l'hélium pour des applications radar“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTurco, Francesca. „Etudes des plasmas non-inductifs par injection d'ondes à la fréquence cyclotronique électronique dans le tokamak Tore Supra“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work we addressed the issue of the phenomena typical of the non-inductive discharges in the Tore Supra tokamak, probed by means of localised perturbations of the current density profile, performed by electron cyclotron (EC) waves. Concerning the MHD regimes (which strongly degrade the confinement), we have shown that a dynamic evolution of the safety factor q which tends to shrink its profile appears to be the cause of the triggering of such regimes. The phenomenon of non-linear temperature oscillations (deriving from the non-linear coupling between the electron temperature and the current density) has also been addressed, to provide an analytical description as well as from the experimental point of view. Finally, observations based on an extended database allowed to document the existence of a tight relation between the central value of q passing through low order rational values and the formation of an internal transport barrier (ITB)
NEUVILLE, STEPHANE. „Etude de la realisation d'un depot de carbone amorphe adamantin nitrure, stable et adherent“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPXX0002.
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