Thematische Bibliographien / Plaque neurale

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Plaque neurale“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 12. April 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Plaque neurale"

Ma, Wei, Xinyao Cheng, Xiangyang Xu, Furong Wang, Ran Zhou, Aaron Fenster und Mingyue Ding. „Multilevel Strip Pooling-Based Convolutional Neural Network for the Classification of Carotid Plaque Echogenicity“. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2021 (18.08.2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3425893.

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Carotid plaque echogenicity in ultrasound images has been found to be closely correlated with the risk of stroke in atherosclerotic patients. The automatic and accurate classification of carotid plaque echogenicity is of great significance for clinically estimating the stability of carotid plaques and predicting cardiovascular events. Existing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can provide an automatic carotid plaque echogenicity classification; however, they require a fixed-size input image, while the carotid plaques are of varying sizes. Although cropping and scaling the input carotid plaque images is promising, it will cause content loss or distortion and hence reduce the classification accuracy. In this study, we redesign the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) and propose multilevel strip pooling (MSP) for the automatic and accurate classification of carotid plaque echogenicity in the longitudinal section. The proposed MSP module can accept arbitrarily sized carotid plaques as input and capture a long-range informative context to improve the accuracy of classification. In our experiments, we implement an MSP-based CNN by using the visual geometry group (VGG) network as the backbone. A total of 1463 carotid plaques (335 echo-rich plaques, 405 intermediate plaques, and 723 echolucent plaques) were collected from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. The 5-fold cross-validation results show that the proposed MSP-based VGGNet achieves a sensitivity of 92.1%, specificity of 95.6%, accuracy of 92.1%, and F1-score of 92.1%. These results demonstrate that our approach provides a way to enhance the applicability of CNN by enabling the acceptance of arbitrary input sizes and improving the classification accuracy of carotid plaque echogenicity, which has a great potential for an efficient and objective risk assessment of carotid plaques in the clinic.

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Li, Lincan, Tong Jia, Tianqi Meng und Yizhe Liu. „Deep convolutional neural networks for cardiovascular vulnerable plaque detection“. MATEC Web of Conferences 277 (2019): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927702024.

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In this paper, an accurate two-stage deep learning method is proposed to detect vulnerable plaques in ultrasonic images of cardiovascular. Firstly, a Fully Convonutional Neural Network (FCN) named U-Net is used to segment the original Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (IVOCT) cardiovascular images. We experiment on different threshold values to find the best threshold for removing noise and background in the original images. Secondly, a modified Faster RCNN is adopted to do precise detection. The modified Faster R-CNN utilize six-scale anchors (122,162,322,642,1282,2562) instead of the conventional one scale or three scale approaches. First, we present three problems in cardiovascular vulnerable plaque diagnosis, then we demonstrate how our method solve these problems. The proposed method in this paper apply deep convolutional neural networks to the whole diagnostic procedure. Test results show the Recall rate, Precision rate, IoU (Intersection-over-Union) rate and Total score are 0.94, 0.885, 0.913 and 0.913 respectively, higher than the 1st team of CCCV2017 Cardiovascular OCT Vulnerable Plaque Detection Challenge. AP of the designed Faster RCNN is 83.4%, higher than conventional approaches which use one-scale or three-scale anchors. These results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed method and the power of deep learning approaches in diagnose cardiovascular vulnerable plaques.

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Kim, Jun-Min, Woo Ram Lee, Jun-Ho Kim, Jong-Mo Seo und Changkyun Im. „Light-Induced Fluorescence-Based Device and Hybrid Mobile App for Oral Hygiene Management at Home: Development and Usability Study“. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, Nr. 10 (16.10.2020): e17881. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17881.

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Background Dental diseases can be prevented through the management of dental plaques. Dental plaque can be identified using the light-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique that emits light at 405 nm. The LIF technique is more convenient than the commercial technique using a disclosing agent, but the result may vary for each individual as it still requires visual identification. Objective The objective of this study is to introduce and validate a deep learning–based oral hygiene monitoring system that makes it easy to identify dental plaques at home. Methods We developed a LIF-based system consisting of a device that can visually identify dental plaques and a mobile app that displays the location and area of dental plaques on oral images. The mobile app is programmed to automatically determine the location and distribution of dental plaques using a deep learning–based algorithm and present the results to the user as time series data. The mobile app is also built with convergence of naive and web applications so that the algorithm is executed on a cloud server to efficiently distribute computing resources. Results The location and distribution of users’ dental plaques could be identified via the hand-held LIF device or mobile app. The color correction filter in the device was developed using a color mixing technique. The mobile app was built as a hybrid app combining the functionalities of a native application and a web application. Through the scrollable WebView on the mobile app, changes in the time series of dental plaque could be confirmed. The algorithm for dental plaque detection was implemented to run on Amazon Web Services for object detection by single shot multibox detector and instance segmentation by Mask region-based convolutional neural network. Conclusions This paper shows that the system can be used as a home oral care product for timely identification and management of dental plaques. In the future, it is expected that these products will significantly reduce the social costs associated with dental diseases.

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Streit, Wolfgang J., Jonas Rotter, Karsten Winter, Wolf Müller, Habibeh Khoshbouei und Ingo Bechmann. „Droplet Degeneration of Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons Signifies the Beginning of Neuritic Plaque Formation“. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 85, Nr. 4 (15.02.2022): 1701–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-215334.

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Background: Neuritic plaques contain neural and microglial elements, and amyloid-β protein (Aβ), but their pathogenesis remains unknown. Objective: Elucidate neuritic plaque pathogenesis. Methods: Histochemical visualization of hyperphosphorylated-tau positive (p-tau+) structures, microglia, Aβ, and iron. Results: Disintegration of large projection neurons in human hippocampus and neocortex presents as droplet degeneration: pretangle neurons break up into spheres of numerous p-tau+ droplets of various sizes, which marks the beginning of neuritic plaques. These droplet spheres develop in the absence of colocalized Aβ deposits but once formed become encased in diffuse Aβ with great specificity. In contrast, neurofibrillary tangles often do not colocalize with Aβ. Double-labelling for p-tau and microglia showed a lack of microglial activation or phagocytosis of p-tau+ degeneration droplets but revealed massive upregulation of ferritin in microglia suggesting presence of high levels of free iron. Perl’s Prussian blue produced positive staining of microglia, droplet spheres, and Aβ plaque cores supporting the suggestion that droplet degeneration of pretangle neurons in the hippocampus and cortex represents ferroptosis, which is accompanied by the release of neuronal iron extracellularly. Conclusion: Age-related iron accumulation and ferroptosis in the CNS likely trigger at least two endogenous mechanisms of neuroprotective iron sequestration and chelation, microglial ferritin expression and Aβ deposition, respectively, both contributing to the formation of neuritic plaques. Since neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ deposits colocalize infrequently, tangle formation likely does not involve release of neuronal iron extracellularly. In human brain, targeted deposition of Aβ occurs specifically in response to ongoing ferroptotic droplet degeneration thereby producing neuritic plaques.

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Li, Yanhan, Lian Zou, Li Xiong, Fen Yu, Hao Jiang, Cien Fan, Mofan Cheng und Qi Li. „FRDD-Net: Automated Carotid Plaque Ultrasound Images Segmentation Using Feature Remapping and Dense Decoding“. Sensors 22, Nr. 3 (24.01.2022): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030887.

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Automated segmentation and evaluation of carotid plaques ultrasound images is of great significance for the diagnosis and early intervention of high-risk groups of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, it remains challenging to develop such solutions due to the relatively low quality of ultrasound images and heterogenous characteristics of carotid plaques. To address those problems, in this paper, we propose a novel deep convolutional neural network, FRDD-Net, with an encoder–decoder architecture to automatically segment carotid plaques. We propose the feature remapping modules (FRMs) and incorporate them into the encoding and decoding blocks to ameliorate the reliability of acquired features. We also propose a new dense decoding mechanism as part of the decoder, thus promoting the utilization efficiency of encoded features. Additionally, we construct a compound loss function to train our network to further enhance its robustness in the face of numerous cases. We train and test our network in multiple carotid plaque ultrasound datasets and our method yields the best performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods. Further ablation studies consistently show the advancement of our proposed architecture.

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Zafar, Haroon, Junaid Zafar und Faisal Sharif. „Automated Clinical Decision Support for Coronary Plaques Characterization from Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging with Fused Neural Networks“. Optics 3, Nr. 1 (10.01.2022): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/opt3010002.

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Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are nurturing clinical decision support systems for the detection and accurate modeling of coronary arterial plaques. However, efficient plaque characterization in time-constrained settings is still an open problem. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel automated classification architecture viable for the real-time clinical detection and classification of coronary artery plaques, and secondly, to use the novel dataset of OCT images for data augmentation. Further, the purpose is to validate the efficacy of transfer learning for arterial plaques classification. In this perspective, a novel time-efficient classification architecture based on DNNs is proposed. A new data set consisting of in-vivo patient Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images labeled by three trained experts was created and dynamically programmed. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) were used for populating the coronary aerial plaques dataset. We removed the fully connected layers, including softmax and the cross-entropy in the GoogleNet framework, and replaced them with the Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Our proposed architecture limits weight up-gradation cycles to only modified layers and computes the global hyper-plane in a timely, competitive fashion. Transfer learning was used for high-level discriminative feature learning. Cross-entropy loss was minimized by using the Adam optimizer for model training. A train validation scheme was used to determine the classification accuracy. Automated plaques differentiation in addition to their detection was found to agree with the clinical findings. Our customized fused classification scheme outperforms the other leading reported works with an overall accuracy of 96.84%, and multiple folds reduced elapsed time demonstrating it as a viable choice for real-time clinical settings.

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Xia Wei, 夏巍, 韩婷婷 Han Tingting, 陶魁园 Tao Kuiyuan, 王为 Wang Wei und 高静 Gao Jing. „基于卷积神经网络的IVOCT冠状动脉钙化斑块分割方法“. Chinese Journal of Lasers 51, Nr. 18 (2024): 1801019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl240833.

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Busche, Marc Aurel, und Arthur Konnerth. „Impairments of neural circuit function in Alzheimer's disease“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, Nr. 1700 (05.08.2016): 20150429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0429.

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An essential feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain, many years to decades before the onset of overt cognitive symptoms. We suggest that during this very extended early phase of the disease, soluble Aβ oligomers and amyloid plaques alter the function of local neuronal circuits and large-scale networks by disrupting the balance of synaptic excitation and inhibition ( E / I balance) in the brain. The analysis of mouse models of AD revealed that an Aβ-induced change of the E / I balance caused hyperactivity in cortical and hippocampal neurons, a breakdown of slow-wave oscillations, as well as network hypersynchrony. Remarkably, hyperactivity of hippocampal neurons precedes amyloid plaque formation, suggesting that hyperactivity is one of the earliest dysfunctions in the pathophysiological cascade initiated by abnormal Aβ accumulation. Therapeutics that correct the E / I balance in early AD may prevent neuronal dysfunction, widespread cell loss and cognitive impairments associated with later stages of the disease. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolution brings Ca 2+ and ATP together to control life and death’.

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Zhang, Yue, Haitao Gan, Furong Wang, Xinyao Cheng, Xiaoyan Wu, Jiaxuan Yan, Zhi Yang und Ran Zhou. „A self-supervised fusion network for carotid plaque ultrasound image classification“. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 21, Nr. 2 (2024): 3110–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2024138.

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<abstract><p>Carotid plaque classification from ultrasound images is crucial for predicting ischemic stroke risk. While deep learning has shown effectiveness, it heavily relies on substantial labeled datasets. Achieving high performance with limited labeled images is essential for clinical use. Self-supervised learning (SSL) offers a potential solution; however, the existing works mainly focus on constructing the SSL tasks, neglecting the use of multiple tasks for pretraining. To overcome these limitations, this study proposed a self-supervised fusion network (Fusion-SSL) for carotid plaque ultrasound image classification with limited labeled data. Fusion-SSL consists of two SSL tasks: classifying image block order (Ordering) and predicting image rotation angle (Rotating). A dual-branch residual neural network was developed to fuse feature presentations learned by the two tasks, which can extract richer visual boundary shape and contour information than a single task. In this experiment, 1270 carotid plaque ultrasound images were collected from 844 patients at Zhongnan Hospital (Wuhan, China). The results showed that Fusion-SSL outperforms single SSL methods across different percentages of labeled training data, ranging from 10 to 100%. Moreover, with only 40% labeled training data, Fusion-SSL achieved comparable results to a single SSL method (predicting image rotation angle) with 100% labeled data. These results indicate that Fusion-SSL could be beneficial for the classification of carotid plaques and the early warning of a stroke in clinical practice.</p></abstract>

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Guang, Yang, Wen He, Bin Ning, Hongxia Zhang, Chen Yin, Mingchang Zhao, Fang Nie et al. „Deep learning-based carotid plaque vulnerability classification with multicentre contrast-enhanced ultrasound video: a comparative diagnostic study“. BMJ Open 11, Nr. 8 (August 2021): e047528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047528.

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of deep learning-based detection and classification of carotid plaque (DL-DCCP) in carotid plaque contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).Methods and analysisA prospective multicentre study was conducted to assess vulnerability in patients with carotid plaque. Data from 547 potentially eligible patients were prospectively enrolled from 10 hospitals, and 205 patients with CEUS video were finally enrolled for analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of DL-DCCP and two experienced radiologists who manually examined the CEUS video (RA-CEUS) in diagnosing and classifying carotid plaque vulnerability. To evaluate the influence of dynamic video input on the performance of the algorithm, a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model for static images (Xception) was compared with DL-DCCP for both training and holdout validation cohorts.ResultsThe AUCs of DL-DCCP were significantly better than those of the experienced radiologists for both the training and holdout validation cohorts (training, DL-DCCP vs RA-CEUS, AUC: 0.85 vs 0.69, p<0.01; holdout validation, DL-DCCP vs RA-CEUS, AUC: 0.87 vs 0.66, p<0.01), that is, also better than the best deep CNN model Xception we had performed, for both the training and holdout validation cohorts (training, DL-DCCP vs Xception, AUC:0.85 vs 0.82, p<0.01; holdout validation, DL-DCCP vs Xception, AUC: 0.87 vs 0.77, p<0.01).ConclusionDL-DCCP shows better overall performance in assessing the vulnerability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques than RA-CEUS. Moreover, with a more powerful network structure and better utilisation of video information, DL-DCCP provided greater diagnostic accuracy than a state-of-the-art static CNN model.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900021846,

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Plaque neurale"

Ghimouz, Rym. „Caractérisation du rôle des facteurs de transcription Homez et CBFbeta au cours de la neurogenèse et de la formation de la crête neurale chez Xenopus laevis“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209568.

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Le but des recherches du laboratoire de génétique du développement est de mieux comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires qui contrôlent le développement neural des vertébrés. C’est la raison pour la quelle, j’ai identifié deux EST (BC071005 et BC077938) spécifiques de l’expression génique chez le Xenopus laevis. Sur base de la littérature, ces deux gènes présentent des profils d’expression intéressants, caractéristiques des gènes impliqués dans la neurogenèse.

Le premier clone d’ADNc code pour l’homologue du facteur de transcription Homez, contenant trois homéodomaines et deux motifs leucine zipper et dont la fonction est inconnue. Mes résultats ont montré que chez l’embryon de xénope au stade neurula, Homez est exprimé préférentiellement dans la plaque neurale, l’expression la plus forte étant détectée dans les domaines où les neurones primaires apparaissent. Plus tard, Homez est détecté dans le tube neural dans des cellules neurales postmitotiques en cours de différenciation. En accord avec ce profil d’expression, j’ai observé que Homez est régulé positivement par l’atténuation des signaux BMPs et par le facteur proneural Ngnr1 et négativement par la voie Notch. Bien que le facteur Homez ne soit pas suffisant pour induire une expression ectopique de marqueurs neuronaux dans l’embryon de xénope, j’ai pu montrer, en utilisant une approche de morpholino antisens, que celui-ci est requis en aval du facteur Ngnr1 pour la différenciation des précurseurs neuraux en neurones primaires.

Le deuxième clone code pour l’homologue du facteur CBFβ qui s’associe avec une famille de protéines CBFα1-3/Aml1-3/Runx1-3 pour former un complexe hétérodimérique liant l’ADN. Alors que chez la souris, les facteurs Runx1 et Runx3 jouent un rôle important dans la neurogenèse dans les ganglions spinaux et que chez le xénope, Runx1 est requis pour la formation des neurones Rohon-Beard, le rôle de CBFβ au cours du développement du système nerveux est actuellement mal connu. Mes résultats ont montré que chez l’embryon de xénope au stade neurula, CBFβ est coexprimé avec les facteurs Runx1-3 en bordure de la plaque neurale, mais de manière plus étendue et plus précoce. Comme attendu pour un marqueur de la bordure de la plaque neurale, j’ai observé que l’expression de CBFβ est régulée par les signaux BMP, Wnt, FGF et Notch. De manière intéressante, son expression est induite par les facteurs proneuraux alors que celle de Runx1 est inhibée. Des expériences de perte de fonction à l’aide de morpholinos antisens bloquant la traduction de CBFβ ont été réalisées. Ces expériences suggèrent que le facteur CBFβ est nécessaire à la mise en place de la CN et à la différenciation des neurones de Rohon-Beard.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Panasenkava, Veranika. „Utilisation de cellules souches pluripotentes induites combinée à une approche transcriptomique pour améliorer le diagnostic moléculaire des troubles du neurodéveloppement chez l’homme“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENB060.

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L'holoprosencéphalie (HPE) est une maladie rare qui affecte le développement de la ligne médiane du cerveau antérieur dès les premiers stades embryonnaires, rendant son diagnostic moléculaire complexe. Elle résulte principalement d’altérations génétiques entraînant une réduction de l'activité de la voie de signalisation Sonic Hedgehog (SHH). Cependant, un diagnostic moléculaire précis n’est possible que pour 30% des patients, ce qui souligne l’importance de développer des nouvelles approches diagnostiques. Le principal obstacle réside dans l'impossibilité d'accéder au tissu primaire affectée par la pathologie, soit le neuroectoderme antérieur. Pour surmonter cet obstacle, j’ai mis au point un modèle in vitro du développement du neuroectoderme antérieur en utilisant des cellules souches pluripotentes induites. Ce modèle m’a permis de produire des données transcriptomiques permettant d’évaluer les impacts moléculaires de la déficience en SHH et de définir des signatures transcriptomiques décrivant les variations de l'activité de la voie SHH pouvant être corrélées à la sévérité des phénotypes d’HPE. Ce travail a également révélé de nouveaux gènes co-exprimés et régulés par SHH, qui pourraient constituer de nouveaux marqueurs génétiques de l'HPE. Ces avancées ouvrent la voie à la création d’outils de diagnostic innovants, visant à améliorer la précision du diagnostic pour les patients atteints d'HPE
Abstract : Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a rare disorder that affects the development of the midline of the forebrain during the earliest stages of embryogenesis, making molecular diagnosis challenging. It primarily results from genetic alterations that lead to a reduction in the activity of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. However, a precise molecular diagnosis is only possible for 30% of patients, highlighting the importance of developing new diagnostic approaches. The main challenge is the inaccessibility of the primary tissue, specifically the anterior affected by HPE, namely the anterior neuroectoderm. To overcome this challenge, I established an in vitro model of anterior neuroectoderm using induced pluripotent stem cells. This model allowed me to generate transcriptomic data to assess the molecular impacts of SHH deficiency and define transcriptomic signatures that describe variations in SHH pathway activity, which may correlate with the severity of HPE phenotypes. This work also revealed new co-expressed and SHH-regulated genes, which could serve as new genetic markers for HPE. These advances pave the way for innovative diagnostic tools aimed at improving diagnostic accuracy for patients with HPE

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Kolluru, Chaitanya Kolluru. „Deep neural networks for A-line based plaque classification in intravascular optical coherence tomography images“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1530626730008246.

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Qurashi, Abrar Ahmad. „Neuronal remodeling in Drosophila melanogaster with WAVE/SCAR complex and its implication in cognitive functions“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13112.

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La morphogenèse neurale et la plasticité neuronale dépendent du remodelage du cytosquelette d’actine et sont induits en réponse à des signaux extra cellulaires qui sont interprétés par la famille des petites Rho GTPases. Pendant ma thèse, j’ai cherché à comprendre comment les voies de signalisations en aval des protéines Rac, petites Rho GTPases, sont utilisés pour réguler la morphogenèse neurale et la plasticité structurelle. Récemment, le complexe WAVE/SCAR, un ensemble de cinq protéines conservées durant l’évolution [WAVE (SCAR), PIR121 (Sra-1 or CYFIP), Hem-2 (NAP1 or Kette),Abi et HSPC300] a été identifié comme le lien essentiel entre Rac1 et Arp2/3 (un complexe moléculaire induisant la polymérisation d’actine). Les premières études suggéraient que Rac1 agissait en dissociant le complexe WAVE/SCAR conduisant à la libération et à l’activation de la protéine WAVE (SCAR). Des études ultérieures proposent un autre mode d’action et suggèrent que le complexe WAVE/SCAR ne se dissocie pas mais qu’à la place il est nécessaire dans son ensemble pour localiser et activer la protéine WAVE (SCAR). Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai utilisé la drosophile comme modèle pour étudier la fonction et le mode d’action du complexe WAVE/SCAR au cours de différents processus du développement neuronal comme la navigation axonale et le développement synaptique. J’ai plus particulièrement isolé des mutants du gène HSPC300 et caractérisé génétiquement et moléculairement cette protéine. Ensuite, j’ai étudié le rôle des autres membres du complexe WAVE/SCAR, ce qui m’a permis de proposer un modèle expliquant comment les divers signaux reçus par les différents membres du complexe sont interprétés. Pendant ma thèse, j’ai démontré que WAVE (SCAR), Kette et HSPC300 forment aussi un complexe chez la drosophile. J’ai observé que toutes ces protéines sont très fortement exprimées dans le système nerveux et tout particulièrement dans les neurones du système nerveux central et les neurones moteurs. De manière intéressante, j’ai observé que muter n’importe quel membre du complexe conduit toujours à des défauts similaires non seulement au niveau du guidage et de la croissance axonale mais aussi au niveau de la morphologie des jonctions neuromusculaires. Nous avons ensuite recherché les raisons de cette similarité phénotypique. Par des expériences de génétique et de biochimie, nous avons démontré que la perte d’un des composants du complexe conduit à l’instabilité des autres composants ce qui fournit une base physique à la similarité des phénotypes observés avec les différentes mutations individuelles. De manière intéressante, les mutations individuelles des composants du complexe n’affectent pas seulement la stabilité des autres membres mais aussi les voies de signalisations en aval. Par exemple, muter n’importe quel membre du complexe WAVE/SCAR a un effet sur la signalisation de CYFIP vers une autre protéine FMRP (Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein : une proteine impliquée dans la mémoire et l’apprentissage chez les humains). De la même manière, la signalisation SCAR-Arp2/3 est affectée par toutes les différentes mutation individuelles. Nous avons aussi étudié la fonction de ce complexe dans le développement de l’oeil de drosophile et montré qu’il contrôle notamment la morphologie et l’intégrité des différents types cellulaires, photorécepteurs (neurones) y inclus. En conclusion, j’ai démontré que le complexe WAVE/SCAR se trouve au centre (physiquement et fonctionnellement) de nombreuses voix de signalisations impliquées et dans le développement de nombreux types cellulaires. Ainsi mon travail s’inscrit dans la lignée des études qui supportent que la régulation de différents évènements morphogénétiques passent par un même noyau de signalisation. Enfin, ma thèse suggère que les autre petites Rho GTPases Rac2 et Mtl sont elles aussi impliqués dans plasticité et la croissance synaptique
Neuronal morphogenesis and plasticity during development as well as in cognitive functions rely on actin cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extra-cellular signals that are interpreted by Rho family of small GTPases. The key subject of my thesis is to understand how signaling pathways downstream of Rac proteins, members of the Rho GTPase family, are utilized to orchestrate distinct aspects of neuronal morphogenesis and structural plasticity. WAVE/SCAR complex, an evolutionarily-conserved assembly of five proteins: WAVE (SCAR), PIR121 (CYFIP), Hem-2 (Kette), Abi and HSPC300 has emerged as a critical link between Rac1 and Arp2/3, molecular complex triggering actin nucleation. During my thesis I have used Drosophila melanogaster as a model system to understand the physiological significance of WAVE/SCAR complex. We have elucidated its role in neuronal actin remodeling underlying axon as well synapse development. Specifically, I have isolated mutations in the HSPC300 gene, and present its detailed characterization both at genetic and biochemical level. My thesis work provides evidence that in Drosophila melanogater SCAR, CYFIP, Kette and HSPC300 associate together to form a complex. All these proteins are highly expressed in the embryonic nervous system and show strong accumulation in central and motor neurons. Interestingly, in many processes examined, there are striking similarities between the phenotypes resulting from the mutations in any member of the complex, for example defects in axon path-finding, axon growth and Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) morphology, thus demonstrating their pivotal roles for precise neuronal development. By biochemical and genetic experiments, we demonstrated that loss of any of the complex components leads to instability in other components. Therefore, the results provide an unequivocal reason for the common pathological condition noticed in single mutation of the WAVE/SCAR complex. Interestingly, mutation in individual components of the complex not only affects the stability of other complex components but also affects the multiple downstream pathways associated with them. For example, mutation in any component of the complex has an impact on CYFIP signaling to the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) implicated in learning and memory in humans. Thus, our results identify the Drosophila WAVE/SCAR complex as a multifunctional unit orchestrating different pathways and aspects of neuronal connectivity and support an emerging theme: different aspects of xv morphogenesis may involve the regulation of common core signaling pathways. Additionally, my thesis also demonstrates the interaction of all three Racs (Rac1, Rac2 and Mtl) with CYFIP and suggests their requirement during NMJ growth and plasticity

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Ravel-Chapuis, Aymeric. „Etude du contrôle des modifications de la chromatine musculaire par les facteurs neuraux“. Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSL0379.

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Bosque-Freeman, Léorah. „Imagerie de la dégénérescence neuronale dans une maladie démyélinisante : la sclérose en plaques“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066522/document.

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La sclérose en plaques (SEP) a longtemps été considérée comme une affection inflammatoire démyélinisante de la substance blanche. (SB) Hors, de nombreuses études ont démontré l’implication extensive de la substance grise (SG). La souffrance neuronale joue un rôle majeur dans la détérioration physique et cognitive des patients atteints de SEP. Le développement de nouvelles techniques d’imagerie capables de quantifier cette atteinte neuronale est devenu crucial. Grace à la tomographie par émission de positons (TEP) et au radiotraceur [11C]flumazenil ([11C]FMZ), antagoniste du récepteur central aux benzodiazépines, nous avons quantifié de façon non-invasive la souffrance neuronale de la SG chez des patients atteints de SEP à différents stades de la maladie. Une cohorte de 18 patients atteints de SEP a été comparée à 8 sujets sains. Les participants ont bénéficié d’une évaluation clinique, cognitive, et radiologique par TEP au [11C]FMZ et IRM. Les données TEP ont été évaluées par région d’intérêt et vertex-à- vertex. Des réductions significatives de l’activité TEP au [11C]FMZ ont été mises en évidence au sein de la SG corticale et sous-corticale des patients comparés aux contrôles. Ces changements étaient présents dès le stade rémittent de la maladie et corrélaient modérément avec la charge lésionnelle de la SB. L’activité TEP corticale était aussi associée à la performance cognitive des patients. Cette étude pilote est la première à quantifier in vivo la souffrance neuronale chez des patients atteints de SEP. Nos résultats permettent de proposer la TEP au [11C]FMZ comme marqueur spécifique et discriminant de l’atteinte neuronale de la SG dans la SEP
Multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been regarded as an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the white matter. But post-mortem studies have recently shed light on the extensive involvement of the grey matter (GM). Neuronal damage, characterized by synaptic and dendritic loss as well as neuronal apoptosis, is thought to be a major substrate of physical and cognitive deterioration in MS patients. There is a crucial need for new imaging techniques able to specifically assess neuronal damage in MS. Using positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]flumazenil ([11C]FMZ), an antagonist of the central benzodiazepine site located within the GABAA receptor, and a non-invasive quantification method, we measured and mapped neurodegenerative changes in the GM of patients with MS at distinct disease stages. A cohort of 18 MS patients was compared to 8 healthy controls and underwent neurological and cognitive evaluations, high-resolution dynamic [11C]FMZ PET imaging and brain MRI. PET data were evaluated using a region of interest and a surface-based approach. [11C]FMZ binding was significantly decreased in the cortical and subcortical GM of MS patients compared to controls. These changes were significant in both progressive and relapsing-remitting forms of the disease and correlated moderately with white matter lesion load. [11C]FMZ cortical binding was also associated with cognitive performance. This pilot study is the first to quantify in vivo the neurodegenerative changes occurring in MS. Our results show that PET with [11C]FMZ could be a promising and sensitive quantitative marker to assess and map the neuronal substrate of GM pathology in MS

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Lefevre, Fabien. „Caractérisation de structures du type plaque par ondes guidées générées et détectées par laser“. Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/24980ba6-f06c-4c75-988a-16e1228d2e42.

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La réalisation de couches minces déposées sur substrats est très recherchée dans de nombreuses applications. C'est le cas par exemple des pièces nickelées destinées à des dispositifs à hautes performances techniques, où une couche anti-corrosion est déposée a n d'améliorer leur imperméabilité. L'utilisation de ces structures du type couche sur substrat étant grandissante, on comprend dès lors l'importance de disposer de moyens non destructifs permettant de les contrôler et de les caractériser. Dans ce travail, l'objectif a été de mettre à pro t les ondes acoustiques guidées pour le contrôle et la caractérisation de structures du type plaque. Pour la génération et la détection de ces ondes guidées, la technique laser-ultrasons a été privilégiée. C'est une méthode large bande et sans contact permettant d'éviter l'utilisation d'un milieu de couplage ou tout contact direct avec la structure et pouvant s'adapter à des géométries complexes. Pour tirer pro t au maximum de l'utilisation de cette technique, des réseaux de neurones lui ont été associés a n de résoudre le problème inverse posé par les ondes de plaque. Une méthode de caractérisation originale, e cace et polyvalente a ainsi été mise en oeuvre, permettant de déterminer les propriétés géométriques et/ou mécaniques de plaques simples ou de structures à couches. Des structures composées de silicium ont plus particulièrement été étudiées par le biais de cette méthode. Des simulations éléments nis, ainsi que des études sur certains défauts présents dans les couches minces, comme l'adhérence, sont présentées
The deposition of thin layers on substrates is more and more required in many applications. For example, to reach high technical performance, bumpers or other parts are nickeled to improve their impermeability and resistance. Another example in microelectronics is the realization of transistors found in LCDs where they are associated with each pixel. The use of these layer/substrate structures is growing, so the importance of having non-destructive techniques to monitor and characterize them is well understood. The point in using ultrasonic waves for non-destructive testing and evaluation of various materials and structures is well known. In this work, the aim was to use guided waves to monitor and to characterize plaque-like structures. The main advantage of using these modes lies in their ability to test very large areas and inaccessible structures. For the generation and detection of guided waves, the laser ultrasonics technique was preferred. It is a broadband and non contact method which doesn't imply the use of coupling medium and which can be adapted to complex geometries. To take full advantage of this technique, it has been combined with neural networks in order to solve the inverse problem posed by the propagation of guided waves. As a result, an original, e cient and polyvalent characterization method has been obtained, which allowed us to determine the geometric properties and / or the elastic parameters of di erent plate-like structures. Structures made of silicon have been studied with this method. Finite element simulations and studies concerning the in uence of defects, including adhesion, on the waves propagation are also presented

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Schwartz, David, und David Schwartz. „Navigational Neural Coding and De-noising“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625322.

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The work discussed in this thesis is the product of investigation on information and coding theoretic properties of colluding populations of navigationally relevant mammalian neurons. For brevity and completeness, that work is presented chronologically in the order in which it was investigated. This thesis details coding theoretic properties of (and develop a model for communication between) colluding populations of spatially responsive neurons in the hippocampus (HC) and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) through a hypothetical layer of interneurons (each of which posesses exclusively excitatory or inhibitory synapses). This work presents analysis of the changes in network structure induced by an anti-Hebbian learning process and translate these analyses into biologically testable hypotheses. Further, it is demonstrated that for appropriately parameterized codes (i.e. populations of grid and place cells in MEC and HC, respectively), this network is able to learn the code and correct for errors introduced by neural noise, potentially explaining the results of a correlational study: Place cell variability sharply decreases at a time that coincides with the maturation of the grid cell network in developing mice. Further, this work predicts that disruption of the grid cell network (e.g. via optogenetic inactivation and lesioning) should increase the variability of place cell firing, and impair decoding from these place cells' activities. Continuing down this avenue, we consider how the inclusion of a population of the somewhat controversial time cells (purportedly residing in HC and MEC) impacts de-noising network structure, coding properties of the population of populations of all three classes of navigatory neuron, and denoisability. These results are translated to testable neurobiological predictions. Additionally, to ensure realistic stimulus statistics, locations and times are taken from real rat paths recorded from navigating rats in the Computational and Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory at the University of Arizona. Interestingly, while time cells exhibit some of the coding and information theoretic trends described in chapter 4, in certain cases, they admit surprising connectivity trends. Most surprisingly, after including time cells in this framework it was discovered that some classes of neural noise appear to improve decoding accuracy over the entire path while simultaneously impairing accuracy of decoding position and time independently.

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Blair, Joel. „Building a better Placode: Modeling Neural Plate Border interactions with hPSCs“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1627663141272833.

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Thelander, Jenny. „Neural Mechanisms Underlying Self-Localization in Rodents“. Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-11339.

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The ability to self-localize and navigate in both stable and changing environments is crucial for the survival of many species. Research conducted on the non-human mammalian hippocampus and surrounding brain structures has uncovered several classes of spatial related cells. These cells provide the rest of the brain with knowledge of the animal’s location and direction—knowledge that is subsequently used in spatial navigation. This thesis provides an overview of three types of cells underlying this ability in rodents. First, place cells located in the hippocampus encode the animal’s specific location in the environment. Second, head direction cells found throughout the Papez circuit convey the angular direction of the animal’s head. Last, grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex generate a regular triangular grid spanning the entire explored setting. The focus of this review lies on the most salient features of these types of cells. It is also considered how the cells respond to manipulations of external and internal information, as well as how different lesions affect their activity.

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Bücher zum Thema "Plaque neurale"

Donaghy, Michael. The clinical approach. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0030.

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This chapter describes the appropriate clinical approach to take when presented with a patient reporting a neurological symptom. Just under 10 per cent of the population consult their general practitioner about a neurological symptom each year in the United Kingdom. About 10 per cent of these are referred for a specialist opinion, usually to a neurologist. Nine conditions account for roughly 75 per cent of general neurological referrals and are diagnosed initially on purely clinical grounds, with the other 25 per cent representing the full range of other, potentially very rare, neurological disorders.This chapter underlines the importance of a thorough and informative history to achieve successful diagnosis. Crucial facets for a good history include information on the time course of symptom development, whether symptoms are negative or positive, previous neurological history (both personal and familial), as well as other potentially contributory general medical disorders. The general neurological examination is also described, as are specific examination manoeuvres that may be added to the general neurological examination in specific clinical circumstances.Reflexes play an important role in diagnostic neurology because they reflect the integrity of, or alterations in, the neural structures responsible for their arc. Loss of a reflex may be due to interruption of the afferent path by a lesion involving the first sensory neurone in the peripheral nerves, plexuses, spinal nerves, or dorsal roots, by damage to the central paths of the arc in the brainstem or spinal cord, by lesions of the lower motor neurone at any point between the anterior horn cells and the muscles, of the muscles themselves, or by the neural depression produced by neural shock. In clinical practice, the most useful and oft-elicited reflexes are the tendon reflexes of the limbs, the jaw jerk, the plantar response, the superficial abdominal reflexes, the pupil-light response, and in infants, the Moro reflex. The place of these particular reflexes in the routine neurological examination is outlined, and the elicitation and significance of these reflexes and of a wide variety of others which are used occasionally are described.Examinations that allow localization lesions that are responsible for muscle weaknesses and the assessment of somatosensory abnormalities are described, as are neurological disorders that result in identifiable gait disorders. The clinical signs and examinations relevant to autonomic disorders are also discussed.Intensive care may be required for patients critically ill either as a result of primary neurological disease, or in those in whom a neurological disorder is a component of, or secondary to, a general medical disorder. Indications for admission to neurological intensive care have been defined (Howard et al. 2003): impaired consciousness, bulbar muscle failure, severe ventilatory respiratory failure, uncontrolled seizures, severely raised intracranial pressure, some monitoring and interventional treatments, and unforeseen general medical complications. Naturally specific treatments indicated for the particular diagnosis should be instituted along with general intensive care measures.Finally, the discussion of diagnoses of chronic or terminal conditions with patients is discussed, with particular focus on the best way to present the diagnosis to the patient.

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Kam, Julia W. Y., und Todd C. Handy. Electrophysiological Evidence for Attentional Decoupling during Mind-Wandering. Herausgegeben von Kalina Christoff und Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.13.

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The tendency to disengage from the immediate environment and to wander off to another time and place is a unique characteristic of the human mind. While much research has focused on the neural origins of such mind-wandering experience, less understood is the mechanism by which the mind facilitates task-unrelated thoughts. This chapter presents electrophysiological evidence demonstrating a widespread attenuation of numerous cognitive responses to external events during mind-wandering, suggesting that this transient modulation of the depth of the cognitive investment in external events may be one potential mechanism in which the mind facilitates these task-unrelated thoughts. The chapter also highlights the utility of resting-state and intracranial EEG as valuable methodology in illuminating the neural mechanisms underlying these internally directed mental experiences.

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Granacher, Robert P. Behavioral Neurological Aspects Involving the Elderly and the Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374656.003.0003.

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Behavioral neurology has classically encompassed deficit disorders (those with negative symptoms), such as the aphasias, the amnesias, the agnosias, and the apraxias. The focus of this chapter is to explain those focal neurobehavioral syndromes of interest to forensic psychiatrists. These are syndromic disorders with significant behavioral neurological impact. The focal neurobehavioral syndromes covered here generally involve disconnections in gray matter regions, but most of these disorders also imply white matter pathology and include cerebral stroke, neoplasia, and demyelination plaques interrupting neural networks to produce deficit syndromes with negative symptoms. Most issues in the forensic psychiatry of the elderly involve capacity to willfully act (competency), capacity to understand (criminal issues, contractual issues, testamentary capacity), capacity to be aware and protect oneself (elder abuse, personal safety, ability to live alone), and capacity to behave according to societal norms (criminal responsibility, fitness for duty, sexual crimes, dangerousness). A portion of these behaviors are an output of executive function.

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Halassa, Michael M., Hrsg. The Thalamus. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108674287.

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The thalamus is a key structure in the mammalian brain, providing a hub for communication within and across distributed forebrain networks. Research in this area has undergone a revolution in the last decade, with findings that suggest an expanded role for the thalamus in sensory processing, motor control, arousal regulation, and cognition. Moving beyond previous studies of anatomy and cell neurochemistry, scientists have expanded into investigations of cognitive function, and harness new methods and theories of neural computation. This book provides a survey of topics at the cutting edge of this field, covering basic anatomy, evolution, development, physiology and computation. It is also the first book to combine these disciplines in one place, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of thalamus research, and will be an essential resource for students and experts in biology, medicine and computer science.

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Tumber, Paul Singh, und Philip W. H. Peng. Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Chronic Pain. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0037.

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Ultrasound-guided nerve blockade for chronic pain offers advantages over blind landmark-based and fluoroscopic techniques. It allows visualization of soft-tissue structures and spread of the injectate while limiting ionizing radiation exposure. Interventionalists must have both a clear understanding of the anatomy that is being visualized on the ultrasound image and the ability to safely place a needle to the desired target site. Neural blockade of the suprascapular nerve can be useful in the management of chronic shoulder pain such as adhesive capsulitis, frozen shoulder, rotator cuff tear, and glenohumeral arthritis. Intercostal nerve blocks can be helpful for painful conditions that affect the thorax or upper abdomen. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve local anesthetic block may provide analgesia for procedures involving the region, such as skin harvesting. The pudendal nerve block may be useful for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes in certain cases of chronic pelvic pain involving pudendal neuralgia.

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12th International School-Seminar “Satellite Methods and Systems for Earth Exploration”. IKI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21046/2070-7401-12tarusa2024.

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The 12th International School-Seminar “Satellite Methods and Systems for Earth Exploration” took place in the town of Tarusa, at the Intercosmos representative office of Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences on March 21–25, 2024. The main topics were devoted to various aspects of satellite methods of atmospheric and water objects studies. Six sessions were held, during which 6 lectures were delivered and 14 reports were made, and a master class called “Neural Networks in Earth Remote Sensing Tasks” was conducted. Researchers, postgraduates and students from 14 scientific organizations and higher educational institutions took part in the School-Conference. For the first time students from the People’s Republic of China attended the School-Seminar. Information about the program of the School-Seminar, including links to the presentations and the collection of materials, can be found at http://d33.infospace.ru/d33_conf/tarusa2024.html

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Buchteile zum Thema "Plaque neurale"

Cho, Hyungjoo, Dongmin Choi, Hyun-Seok Min, Soo-Jin Kang und Hwiyoung Kim. „Neural Angular Plaque Characterization: Automated Quantification of Polar Distribution for Plaque Composition“. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 113–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93722-5_13.

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Anam, Syaiful, Eiji Uchino und Noriaki Suetake. „Coronary Plaque Boundary Calculation in IVUS Image by Modified PMD Filter and Fuzzy Inference“. In Neural Information Processing, 509–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-42051-1_63.

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Stasiak, Bartłomiej, Paweł Tarasiuk, Izabela Michalska, Arkadiusz Tomczyk und Piotr S. Szczepaniak. „Convolutional Neural Network Based Segmentation of Demyelinating Plaques in MRI“. In Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, 163–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94806-5_10.

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Wang, Liang, und Jianxin Zhao. „Deep Neural Networks“. In Architecture of Advanced Numerical Analysis Systems, 121–47. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-8853-5_5.

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AbstractThere are many articles teaching people how to build intelligent applications using different frameworks such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, etc. However, except those very professional research papers, very few articles can give us a comprehensive understanding on how to develop such frameworks. In this chapter, rather than just “casting spells,” we focus on explaining how to make the magic work in the first place. We will dissect the deep neural network module in Owl, then demonstrate how to assemble different building blocks to build a working framework. Owl’s neural network module is a full-featured DNN framework. You can define a neural network in a very compact and elegant way thanks to OCaml’s expressiveness. The DNN applications built on Owl can achieve state-of-the-art performance.

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Blahuta, Jiri, Tomas Soukup und Jakub Skacel. „Pilot Design of a Rule-Based System and an Artificial Neural Network to Risk Evaluation of Atherosclerotic Plaques in Long-Range Clinical Research“. In Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2018, 90–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01421-6_9.

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Cheimariotis, G. A., M. Riga, K. Toutouzas, D. Tousoulis, A. Katsaggelos und N. Maglaveras. „Automatic Characterization of Plaques and Tissue in IVOCT Images Using a Multi-step Convolutional Neural Network Framework“. In IFMBE Proceedings, 261–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9035-6_47.

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Hooker, Cliff. „On the Organizational Roots of Bio-cognition“. In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 85–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38968-9_5.

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AbstractThe theme of this book is the place of organization in the life sciences, especially biology. In that context, this essay is concerned with the place of organization within mind and the place of mind within the life sciences, especially biology. There are many possibilities for theories of mind, ranging from noumenal to neural to nihilist (behaviorist), and for most of these, the question of the role for organization therein makes no sense; further, they escape, or are opposed to, any deep tie to biology. Even when some link to biology is acknowledged, as for physicalisms, no inherent notion of organization appears in their development. But this chapter will present a thoroughly organizational conception of mind-as-cognition, anchored in a supportive conception of biology.

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Oldenburg, Ian Antón, Hayley Anne Bounds und Nicolas C. Pégard. „High-Speed All-Optical Neural Interfaces with 3D Temporally Focused Holography“. In Neuromethods, 101–35. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2764-8_4.

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AbstractUnderstanding brain function requires technologies that can monitor and manipulate neural activity with cellular resolution and millisecond precision in three dimensions across large volumes. These technologies are best designed using interdisciplinary approaches combining optical techniques with reporters and modulators of neural activity. While advances can be made by separately improving optical resolution or opsin effectiveness, optimizing both systems together matches the strengths and constraints of different approaches to create a solution optimized for the needs of neuroscientists. To achieve this goal, we first developed a new multiphoton photoexcitation method, termed 3D-Scanless Holographic Optogenetics with Temporal focusing (3D-SHOT), that enables simultaneous photoactivation of arbitrary sets of neurons in 3D. Our technique uses point-cloud holography to place multiple copies of a temporally focused disc, matched to the dimensions of a neuron’s cell body, anywhere within the operating volume of the microscope. However, since improved placement of light, on its own, is not sufficient to allow precise control of neural firing patterns, we also developed and tested optogenetic actuators ST-ChroME and ST-eGtACR1 that fully leverage the new experimental capabilities of 3D-SHOT. The synergy of fast opsins matched with our technology allows reliable, precisely timed control of evoked action potentials and enables on-demand read-write operations with unprecedented precision. In this chapter, we review the steps necessary to implement 3D-SHOT and provide a guide to selecting ideal opsins that will work with it. Such collaborative, interdisciplinary approaches will be essential to develop the experimental capabilities needed to gain causal insight into the fundamental principles of the neural code underlying perception and behavior.

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Agerri, Rodrigo, Eneko Agirre, Itziar Aldabe, Nora Aranberri, Jose Maria Arriola, Aitziber Atutxa, Gorka Azkune et al. „State-of-the-Art in Language Technology and Language-centric Artificial Intelligence“. In European Language Equality, 13–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28819-7_2.

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AbstractThis chapter landscapes the field of Language Technology (LT) and language- centric AI by assembling a comprehensive state-of-the-art of basic and applied research in the area. It sketches all recent advances in AI, including the most recent deep learning neural technologies. The chapter brings to light not only where language-centric AI as a whole stands, but also where the required resources should be allocated to place European LT at the forefront of the AI revolution. We identify key research areas and gaps that need to be addressed to ensure LT can overcome the current inequalities.

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Blahuta, Jiří, Tomáš Soukup und Jiri Martinu. „An Expert System Based on Using Artificial Neural Network and Region-Based Image Processing to Recognition Substantia Nigra and Atherosclerotic Plaques in B-Images: A Prospective Study“. In Advances in Computational Intelligence, 236–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59153-7_21.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Plaque neurale"

Yoshidomi, Takeshi, Shinji Kume, Hiroaki Aizawa und Akira Furui. „Classification of Carotid Plaque with Jellyfish Sign Through Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks Utilizing Plaque Surface Edges“. In 2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 1–4. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782813.

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Kumari, Anuradha, und M. Tanveer. „Dual center based intuitionistic fuzzy plane based classifiers“. In 2024 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 1–8. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn60899.2024.10650896.

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Medeiros, Thiago, und Alfredo Weitzenfeld. „A Place Cell Model for Spatio-Temporal Navigation Learning with LSTM“. In 2024 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 1–8. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn60899.2024.10650241.

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Monvoisin, Mathilde, Yuxin Zhang und Diana Mateus. „Compact Implicit Neural Representations for Plane Wave Images“. In 2024 IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Joint Symposium (UFFC-JS), 1–4. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/uffc-js60046.2024.10793747.

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Rao, Milind Singh, Anita Agrawal und Ananth Raghav. „Neural Net-Eyes: Advanced License Plate Recognition System“. In 2024 International Conference on Modeling, Simulation & Intelligent Computing (MoSICom), 7–10. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/mosicom63082.2024.10881497.

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He, Shenglin, Xiaoyang Qu, Jiguang Wan, Guokuan Li, Changsheng Xie und Jianzong Wang. „PRENet: A Plane-Fit Redundancy Encoding Point Cloud Sequence Network for Real-Time 3D Action Recognition“. In 2024 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 1–8. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn60899.2024.10650453.

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Luu, Nhan T., Duong T. Luu, Pham Ngoc Nam und Truong Cong Thang. „Improvement of Spiking Neural Network with Bit Plane Coding“. In 2024 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), 1220–24. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cicn63059.2024.10847438.

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Luo, Yilin, Anle Wang, Mengmeng Liu, Tian Lei, Xiaochuan Zhang, Zhaobing Gao, Hualiang Liang, Hui Gong und Jing Yuan. „Cryo-micro-optical sectioning tomography for label-free brainwide visualization of senile plaque (Conference Presentation)“. In Neural Imaging and Sensing 2018, herausgegeben von Qingming Luo und Jun Ding. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2296253.

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Tian, Wei, Yishen Pang, Sijie Niu, Haochen Yang, Jiwen Dong, Jin Zhou und Yuehui Chen. „Automatic identification of vulnerable plaque based on flexible neural tree“. In 2018 International Conference on Security, Pattern Analysis, and Cybernetics (SPAC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spac46244.2018.8965435.

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Dong, Yuxi, Yuchao Pan, Xihai Zhao, Rui Li, Chun Yuan und Wei Xu. „Identifying Carotid Plaque Composition in MRI with Convolutional Neural Networks“. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartcomp.2017.7947015.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Plaque neurale"

Rafaeli, Ada, Russell Jurenka und Chris Sander. Molecular characterisation of PBAN-receptors: a basis for the development and screening of antagonists against Pheromone biosynthesis in moth pest species. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695862.bard.

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The original objectives of the approved proposal included: (a) The determination of species- and tissue-specificity of the PBAN-R; (b) the elucidation of the role of juvenile hormone in gene regulation of the PBAN-R; (c) the identificationof the ligand binding domains in the PBAN-R and (d) the development of efficient screening assays in order to screen potential antagonists that will block the PBAN-R. Background to the topic: Moths constitute one of the major groups of pest insects in agriculture and their reproductive behavior is dependent on chemical communication. Sex-pheromone blends are utilised by a variety of moth species to attract conspecific mates. In most of the moth species sex-pheromone biosynthesis is under circadian control by the neurohormone, PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). In order to devise ideal strategies for mating disruption/prevention, we proposed to study the interactions between PBAN and its membrane-bound receptor in order to devise potential antagonists. Major conclusions: Within the framework of the planned objectives we have confirmed the similarities between the two Helicoverpa species: armigera and zea. Receptor sequences of the two Helicoverpa spp. are 98% identical with most changes taking place in the C-terminal. Our findings indicate that PBAN or PBAN-like receptors are also present in the neural tissues and may represent a neurotransmitter-like function for PBAN-like peptides. Surprisingly the gene encoding the PBAN-receptor was also present in the male homologous tissue, but it is absent at the protein level. The presence of the receptor (at the gene- and protein-levels), and the subsequent pheromonotropic activity are age-dependent and up-regulated by Juvenile Hormone in pharate females but down-regulated by Juvenile Hormone in adult females. Lower levels of pheromonotropic activity were observed when challenged with pyrokinin-like peptides than with HezPBAN as ligand. A model of the 3D structure of the receptor was created using the X-ray structure of rhodopsin as a template after sequence alignment of the HezPBAN-R with several other GPCRs and computer simulated docking with the model predicted putative binding sites. Using in silico mutagenesis the predicted docking model was validated with experimental data obtained from expressed chimera receptors in Sf9 cells created by exchanging between the three extracellular loops of the HezPBAN-R and the Drosophila Pyrokinin-R (CG9918). The chimera receptors also indicated that the 3ʳᵈ extracellular loop is important for recognition of PBAN or Diapause hormone ligands. Implications: The project has successfully completed all the objectives and we are now in a position to be able to design and screen potential antagonists for pheromone production. The successful docking simulation-experiments encourage the use of in silico experiments for initial (high-throughput) screening of potential antagonists. However, the differential responses between the expressed receptor (Sf9 cells) and the endogenous receptor (pheromone glands) emphasize the importance of assaying lead compounds using several alternative bioassays (at the cellular, tissue and organism levels). The surprising discovery of the presence of the gene encoding the PBAN-R in the male homologous tissue, but its absence at the protein level, launches opportunities for studying molecular regulation pathways and the evolution of these GPCRs. Overall this research will advance research towards the goal of finding antagonists for this important class of receptors that might encompass a variety of essential insect functions.

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