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1
Arora, Rajeev, Dharmalingam S. Pitchay und Bradford C. Bearce. „EFFECT OF WATER STRESS ON HEAT STRESS TOLERANCE IN GERANIUM“. HortScience 31, Nr. 6 (Oktober 1996): 915A—915. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.6.915a.
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This study evaluated the effect of reversible water stress on heat stress tolerance (HST) in greenhouse-grown geraniums. Water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation until pots reached ≈30% (by weight) of well-watered (control) plant pots, and maintaining this weight for 7 days. Control plants were watered to just below field capacity, every other day. Leaf xylem water potential (LXWP, MPa), leaf-relative water content (LRWC,%), media water content (MWC, % fresh weight), and heat stress tolerance (HST, LT50) were determined for control and stressed plants. HST (LT50), defined as temperature causing half-maximal percent injury, was based on electrolyte leakage from leaf disks subjected to 25 to 60C. Control-watering was restored in stressed plants and above measurements made after 7 days of recovery. Data indicate: 1) LXWP, LRWC, and MWC in control and stressed plants were –0.378 and –0.804 MPa, 92.31% and 78.69% and 82.86% and 15.5%, respectively; 2) HST increased significantly in stressed as compared to control plants (LT50 of 55C vs. 51C); 3) control plants were near maximally injured by 53C treatment and sustained more than 3-fold greater injury than stressed plants at 53C. In recovered plants, LXWP and RWC reversed back to control levels, paralleled by loss of higher HST.
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Gupta, Sonal, und Ashwini A. Waoo. „Effect of salinity stress on phytochemical characteristics of Centella asiatica“. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, Nr. 2 (18.06.2022): 684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i2.3387.
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Salinity is one of the predominant abiotic stresses which affects plant growth by inducing excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that leads to oxidative damage of plant cells. Plants alleviate salinity stress by regulating intracellular concentrations of various phytochemicals like phenol, tannin, antioxidants, etc. The present work aimed to study the impact of salt stress on the production of various phytochemicals like phenol, tannin, flavonoids, antioxidants, total protein content, etc. The Salt stress response of the test plant Centella asiatica was studied by irrigating variant concentrations (50mM, 100mm, 150mm, 200mM, 250mm) of salt (NaCl). The phytochemical activity of the plants grown under salinity stress was estimated by using an appropriate biochemical assay. Comparative analysis of the photochemical activity of the test plants in comparison with the control revealed that various phytochemicals were increased in response to salt stress. Salt stress increased the levels of antioxidants from 10.79 to 14.31 μg/ml), phenol from 30.8 to 43.3 in μg/ml, flavonoids (from 490 to 683.33 in μg/ml), tannin from 55.5 to 64.5 in μg/ml, and proteins from 5720 to 6080 in μg/ml in the C. asiatica plants. To sum up, salt stress elicited phytochemical accumulation in the C. asiatica plant, thereby improving the plant's growth by enhancing its resistance to salt stress. This finding may play an important role in the sustainable cultivation of commercially important crops like C. asiatica.
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Shevchenko, A. V., I. G. Budzanivska, T. P. Shevchenko und V. P. Polischuk. „Stress caused by plant virus infection in presence of heavy metals“. Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (31.12.2017): 455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10522-pps.
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Due to increased heavy metal content in Ukrainian soils, purpose of the work was to study relations between presence of heavy metals in soil and their effect on development of phytoviral infection. Experiments were conducted in Nicotiana tabacum – Potato virus X model system. Soluble salts of Cu, Zn and Pb were deposited in soil separately at the limiting concentrations simultaneously with virus infection of plants. Infected plants grown on usual soil showed symptoms of disease on 16 dpi as well as plants grown on soil with metals deposited. Contrary, combined effect of heavy metals and virus infection caused an increase of chlorophyll content comparing with control plants, therefore effect of heavy metals partially compensated the effect of virus infection on experimental plants.
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Krček, M., P. Slamka, K. Olšovská, M. Brestič und M. Benčíková. „Reduction of drought stress effect in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by nitrogen fertilization“. Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 1 (14.01.2008): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2781-pse.
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An effect of nitrogen rates (0.0 g, 1.0 g, 2.0 g N per pot) on NRA (nitrate reductase activity) in leaves of spring barley (cultivar Kompakt) was investigated in a pot experiment. Plants were grown under optimum moisture regime and drought stress was induced during the growth stages of tillering, shooting and earing. Before and after respective stress period plants were grown under optimal water regime. In all the fertilized and unfertilized treatments, NRA was significantly higher under optimal water regime than in drought stress conditions. Nitrogen fertilization alleviated adverse effects of drought stress on the yields of grain; the rate of 1 g N per pot increased the grain yield of plants stressed during tillering 3.73 times compared to unfertilized and stressed treatment. When the stress was induced during shooting or earing grain yields declined by over 50% compared to optimal water regime; when compared with stressed and unfertilized treatment, the rate of 1 g N however increased yield by 29% (stress at shooting) and 55% (stress at earing). NRA values were significantly higher when plants were grown under optimum water regime than under stress conditions as well as when fertilized with nitrogen compared to unfertilized control both under optimum water regime and drought stress.
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Ali-Ahmad, M., und S. M. Basha. „Effect of Water Stress on Composition of Peanut Leaves“. Peanut Science 25, Nr. 1 (01.01.1998): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-25-1-8.
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Abstract Water stress was induced in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Marc 1) plants by withholding water for 5 to 20 d. Leaves from the water-stressed plants were analyzed to determine the effect of water stress on amino acids, sugars, protein content, and polypeptide composition of peanut plants. The results showed that the total protein content of the leaves significantly increased when peanut plants were subjected to water stress for 5 to 20 d as compared to irrigated controls. Analysis of the leaf protein by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed higher levels of polypeptides in stressed leaves compared to the control leaves. Peanut leaves from water-stressed plants also showed higher amounts of free amino acids and soluble sugars as compared to the irrigated plants. Thus, water stress enhanced accumulation of proteins, free amino acids, and soluble sugars in the peanut plants.
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Handayani, Tri, und Kazuo Watanabe. „The combination of drought and heat stress has a greater effect on potato plants than single stresses“. Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 4 (30.04.2020): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/126/2020-pse.
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Several research groups have examined the effects of drought stress and heat stress on potato, but few investigations of the effects of combined drought-heat stress have been reported. Using five potato lines, the potato plants’ responses to drought stress, heat stress, as well as combined drought-heat stress were studied, to get the insight in phenotypic shift due to abiotic stresses. The experiment was conducted as a growth room experimental under non-stress and abiotic stresses (drought, heat, and combined drought-heat) conditions. The results demonstrated that potato plants responded to the abiotic stresses by decreasing their plant height, leaf size, cell membrane stability, and relative water content (RWC). However, increasing their leaf chlorophyll content under drought and combined drought-heat stresses. Generally, the combined drought-heat stress had a greater effect on the tested traits. The potato line L1 (84.194.30) showed the lowest level of wilting in all three types of abiotic stress, supported by a small RWC change compared to the control condition; L1 is thus considered relatively tolerant to abiotic stress. The potato lines’ different responses to each type of abiotic stress indicate that the potato lines have different levels of sensitivity to each abiotic stress.
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Asadova, B. „Salinity Factor Effect on Barley Seedlings Incubation“. Bulletin of Science and Practice 8, Nr. 1 (15.01.2022): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/74/11.
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Stress factors limit the development of living organisms, especially plants, and reduce their productivity. In this regard, the study of the effects of stress factors on plants and the discovery of adaptation mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of stress in the cell. From a biological point of view, stress is considered to be any change in the external environment that impairs the normal development of the plant or changes it in a negative direction. Stresses cause changes in the physiological activity of plants, weaken the process of biosynthesis in the cell, disrupt normal life and ultimately can cause plant death.
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Thakur, Jaya, und Bharat Shinde. „Effect of water stress and AM fungi on the growth performance of pea“. International Journal of Applied Biology 4, Nr. 1 (29.06.2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijab.v4i1.9446.
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The study was conducted to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation on growth of pea grown under water stressed pot culture conditions. Water stress was given to the pea plants after 30 days at the interval of 4, 8 and 12 days. The data was collected at an interval of 15 days. Three replicates of each set were maintained. . The mixture of AM fungi used for current experiment included the species of Acaulospora denticulata, A. gerdemannii, Glomus macrocarpum, G. maculosum, G. fasciculatum and Scutellospora minuta. The mycorrhizal plants have shown more shoot and root length as compared to the control plants. The height of shoot and root was significantly decreased with the increase in drought stress. Mycorrhizal plants with low water stress showed enhanced shoot and root length than high water stress. The mycorrhizal plants have shown more number of leaves than control plants during drought stress. The number of leaves significantly reduced with the increase in drought stress. The leaves produced by the control plants were comparatively smaller than those of mycorrhizal plants. The dry weight of root and shoot of both control and mycorrhizal plants decreased with the increase in water stress. Mycorrhizal plants showed more dry weight of shoot and root as compared to control plants. Plants inoculated with AM fungi produce more dry weight than the control plants. The fresh weight of both control and mycorrhizal plants has been decreased with the increase in water stress interval and also the fresh weight of root and shoot was observed higher in mycorrhizal plants as compared to those of control plants.
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Kaňová, D., und E. Kula. „The effect of stress factors on birch Betula pendula Roth“. Journal of Forest Science 50, No. 9 (11.01.2012): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4636-jfs.
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In a controlled pot trial, plants of birch (Betula pendula Roth) were treated in six variants: acid watering (pH 3), acid watering with spraying, drought, ammonium sulphate fertilisation, ammonium sulphate fertilisation in combination with drought, and control. The response to the treatment with ammonium sulphate in terms of the increment was discordant as it increased the sensitivity of birch to frost. Drought had a negative effect on increments. A combination of ammonium sulphate and drought; drought; ammonium sulphate and sprayed acid watering delayed the shedding of leaves; this was due to a longer vegetation period, significantly higher nitrogen content in these variants, with the exception of drought.
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Filiptsova, Halina G., und Vladimir M. Yurin. „Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of plants resistance to oxidative stress under peptide elicitor AtPep1“. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Biology, Nr. 3 (05.11.2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-1722-2021-3-38-46.
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The effect of the peptide elicitor AtPep1 on the resistance of soybean and pea plants to oxidative stress was studied. The concentration of the peptide 10– 9 mol/L has the maximum elicitor effect on these plants. It was shown that treatment of the aerial part of seedlings with this peptide leads to an increase in the activity of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation products in plants under oxidative stress. Revealed effects cause an increase in the plants resistance to stress.
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Mudge, Kenneth W., Kent S. Diebolt und Thomas H. Whitlow. „Ectomycorrhizal Effect on Host Plant Response to Drought Stress“. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 5, Nr. 4 (01.12.1987): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-5.4.183.
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Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis affects the water relations and drought resistance of woody landscape trees and shrubs in the families Pinaceae, Fagaceae, Betulaceae, and others. It has frequently been observed that host plants mycorrhizal with drought-adapted fungi exhibit improved growth and survival during drought and more rapid recovery after rewatering than non-mycorrhizal plants or plants mycorrhizal with fungi not adapted to dry sites. Relatively few studies have addressed the effect of mycorrhizae on the physiological response of host plants to drought stress. It is suggested that some fungi confer drought tolerance to their host, while others confer drought avoidance. Possible mechanisms by which mycorrhizae influence host water relations are discussed.
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Ogneva, Zlata V., Andrey R. Suprun, Alexandra S. Dubrovina und Konstantin V. Kiselev. „Effect of 5-azacytidine induced DNA demethylation on abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana“. Plant Protection Science 55, No. 2 (17.02.2019): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/94/2018-pps.
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The effect of 5-azacytidine (5A)-induced DNA hypomethylation on the growth and abiotic stress tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana were analysed. Growth analysis revealed that aqueous solutions of 5A added to the soil did not affect the fresh and dry biomass accumulation but led to a higher percentage of flowering A. thaliana plants after four weeks of cultivation. The 5A treatment considerably lowered survival rates of Arabidopsis plants under high soil salinity, heat stress, and drought, while it did not affect the survival rates after freezing stress. 5A eliminated the stimulatory effect of the heat and drought stresses on the transcriptional levels of a number of stress-inducible genes, such as DREB1, LEA, SOS1, or RD29A. A less clear but similar trend has been detected for the effect of 5A on expression of the stress-inducible genes under salt and cold stresses. The data indicate that DNA methylation is an important mechanism regulating plant abiotic stress resistance.
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DAI, Hao. „Ecological effect of photorespiration of plants under environmental stress“. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ECO-AGRICULTURE 16, Nr. 5 (02.03.2009): 1326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1011.2008.01326.
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Fathi, Amin, und Davood Barari Tari. „Effect of Drought Stress and its Mechanism in Plants“. International Journal of Life Sciences 10, Nr. 1 (10.02.2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v10i1.14509.
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Drought is the most important abiotic factor limiting growth, adversely affect growth and crop production. Stresses, resulting in the non-normal physiological processes that influence one or a combination of biological and environmental factors. Stress can damage which has occurred as a result of an abnormal metabolism and may reduce growth, plant death or the death of the plant develops. Production is limited by environmental stresses, according to different scholars estimates, only 10 percent of the world's arable land is free from Stress, in general, a major factor in the difference between yield and potential performance, environmental stresses. Drought and stress is the most common environmental stresses that almost 25 percent of agricultural lands for agricultural farm products in the world is limited. Drought risk to successful production of crops worldwide and occurs when a combination of physical and environmental factors causing stress in plants and thus reduce production.International Journal of Life Sciences 10 (1) : 2016; 1-6
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Kleiber, Tomasz, Włodzimierz Krzesiński, Katarzyna Przygocka-Cyna und Tomasz Spiżewski. „Alleviation Effect of Selenium on Manganese Stress of Plants“. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 25, Nr. 1 (01.03.2018): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2018-0010.
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Abstract Mn, as Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni is a heavy metal and also a necessary element all the living organisms. Excessive Mn nutrition causes a strong oxidative stress. The aim of the studies was to determination the effect of Se treatment (as sodium selenite Na2O4Se3) to alleviate the Mn stress of plants. Because of its sensitivity to oxidative stress induced by excessive concentrations of Mn a model plant was lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Sunny’). The studies were conducted in a controlled environment growth room in stable climate conditions: 16 h photoperiod; temperature light/dark 18.0 ±0.5°C/16.0 ±0.5°C; relative humidity 70-80%; quantum flux density 195-205 μmol m−2 s−1. Plants were grown hydroponically in nutrient solution characterized by excessive Mn content (19.2 mg dm−3) and different contents of Se (control; 0.77, 1.05, 1.33 mg dm−3). In all the combination were also tested different foliar sprays (distilled water and a 0.005% Se solution). Plants grown under conditions described above take up and transported Se from nutrient solutions into their leaves with a significant reduction of Mn concentration and changes in the plant nutrient status. With the increase in the concentrations of Se clearly narrowed quantitative relations in the leaves between this element and micro-metallic. Increasing Se levels in nutrient solution has a positive influence on the growth of plants, but Se foliar treatment generally decreases plant yield. The study shown that Se application may lead to alleviation of Mn stress of plants, with simultaneous reduce in Mn concentration in leaves - which may be of practical importance also in the cultivation of more economically important species.
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Blum, A., C. Y. Sullivan und H. T. Nguyen. „The Effect of Plant Size on Wheat Response to Agents of Drought Stress. II. Water Deficit, Heat and ABA“. Functional Plant Biology 24, Nr. 1 (1997): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp96023.
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Plant size has long been implicated in plant response to drought stress. This study is the second in a series of two intended to examine the effect of plant size on plant performance under the effect of various agents of drought stress. Variable plant size (in terms of plant height and shoot biomass) independent of genetic background effects was experimentally achieved using rht (tallest), Rht1 and Rht2 (medium) and Rht3 (shortest) homozygous height isogenic lines of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars Bersee and April-Bearded. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture in the growth chamber. In the first experiment, juvenile plants were challenged by osmotic stress using polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the nutrient solution giving a water potential of –0.55 MPa. The control nutrient solution was at –0.05 MPa. Plant growth, shoot biomass, leaf area, relative water content (RWC) and osmotic adjustment (OA) were measured. In the second experiment, effects on growth rate of chronic heat stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in the root medium of juvenile plants were evaluated. Potential plant size as determined by shoot biomass in the controls at 25 days after emergence was greatest in rht, medium in Rht1 and Rht2, and smallest in Rht3 genotypes. Potential growth rate and leaf area were greater in plants of larger potential biomass (rht) than in plants of smaller potential biomass (Rht3). Growth reduction by osmotic stress was inversely related to plant size, while the extent of osmotic adjustment during osmotic stress was directly related to plant size. RWC did not vary with plant size. Relative growth reduction by heat stress and by ABA also decreased in smaller plants. ABA did not alleviate the depressing effect of heat on growth. Despite the greater stress tolerance of smaller (Rht3) plants, the absolute growth and biomass of large (rht) plants under stress conditions was always better than that of smaller plants. The results of these series of experiments suggest that greater stress tolerance of small plants is derived from their relatively smaller size and slower growth rate. Consequently, we conclude that growth under stress is sustained by potential growth rate and plant size of the genotype when stress is mild and by plant tolerance (even at the expense of potential growth rate and size) when stress is more severe.
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Sousa, Gustavo Ferreira de, Maila Adriely Silva, Mariana Rocha de Carvalho, Everton Geraldo de Morais, Pedro Antônio Namorato Benevenute, Gustavo Avelar Zorgdrager Van Opbergen, Guilherme Gerrit Avelar Zorgdrager Van Opbergen und Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme. „Foliar Selenium Application to Reduce the Induced-Drought Stress Effects in Coffee Seedlings: Induced Priming or Alleviation Effect?“ Plants 12, Nr. 17 (23.08.2023): 3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12173026.
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This study aimed to investigate the role of Se supply in improving osmotic stress tolerance in coffee seedlings while also evaluating the best timing for Se application. Five times of Se foliar application were assessed during induced osmotic stress with PEG-6000 using the day of imposing stress as a default, plus two control treatments: with osmotic stress and without Se, and without osmotic stress and Se. Results demonstrated that osmotic stress (OS) promoted mild stress in the coffee plants (ψw from −1.5MPa to −2.5 MPa). Control plants under stress showed seven and five times lower activity of the enzymes GR and SOD compared with the non-stressed ones, and OS was found to further induce starch degradation, which was potentialized by the Se foliar supply. The seedlings that received foliar Se application 8 days before the stress exhibited higher CAT, APX, and SOD than the absolute control (−OS-Se)—771.1%, 356.3%, and 266.5% higher, respectively. In conclusion, previous Se foliar spray is more effective than the Se supply after OS to overcome the adverse condition. On the other hand, the post-stress application seems to impose extra stress on the plants, leading them to reduce their water potential.
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Mareri, Lavinia, Luigi Parrotta und Giampiero Cai. „Environmental Stress and Plants“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 10 (12.05.2022): 5416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105416.
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Land plants are constantly subjected to multiple unfavorable or even adverse environmental conditions. Among them, abiotic stresses (such as salt, drought, heat, cold, heavy metals, ozone, UV radiation, and nutrient deficiencies) have detrimental effects on plant growth and productivity and are increasingly important considering the direct or indirect effects of climate change. Plants respond in many ways to abiotic stresses, from gene expression to physiology, from plant architecture to primary, and secondary metabolism. These complex changes allow plants to tolerate and/or adapt to adverse conditions. The complexity of plant response can be further influenced by the duration and intensity of stress, the plant genotype, the combination of different stresses, the exposed tissue and cell type, and the developmental stage at which plants perceive the stress. It is therefore important to understand more about how plants perceive stress conditions and how they respond and adapt (both in natural and anthropogenic environments). These concepts were the basis of the Special Issue that International Journal of Molecular Sciences expressly addressed to the relationship between environmental stresses and plants and that resulted in the publication of 5 reviews and 38 original research articles. The large participation of several authors and the good number of contributions testifies to the considerable interest that the topic currently receives in the plant science community, especially in the light of the foreseeable climate changes. Here, we briefly summarize the contributions included in the Special Issue, both original articles categorized by stress type and reviews that discuss more comprehensive responses to various stresses.
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G-Q, Wu, Feng R-J und Shui Q-Z. „Effect of osmotic stress on growth and osmolytes accumulation in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants“. Plant, Soil and Environment 62, No. 4 (06.06.2016): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/101/2016-pse.
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Oguz, Muhammet Cagri, Murat Aycan, Ezgi Oguz, Irem Poyraz und Mustafa Yildiz. „Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants: Interplay of Molecular, Biochemical and Physiological Responses in Important Development Stages“. Physiologia 2, Nr. 4 (09.12.2022): 180–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physiologia2040015.
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Drought is an important abiotic stress factor limiting crop productivity worldwide and its impact is increasing with climate change. Regardless of the plant growth period, drought has a deadly and yield-reducing effect on the plant at every stage of development. As with many environmental stressors, drought-exposed plants trigger a series of molecular, biochemical, and physiological responses to overcome the effect of drought stress. Currently, researchers are trying to determine the complex functioning of drought stress response in plants with different approaches. Plants are more sensitive to drought stress during certain critical stages like germination, seedling formation, flowering, fertilization, and grain formation periods. Plants have high success in reducing the effects of drought stress in vegetative development periods with the activity of tolerance mechanisms. On the other hand, drought stress during the generative period can cause irreversible losses in yield. This review focuses on the progression of molecular, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms involved in the drought stress tolerance in plants and the responses of field crops to drought stress at different development stages.
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Chain, F., C. Côté-Beaulieu, F. Belzile, J. G. Menzies und R. R. Bélanger. „A Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effect of Silicon on Wheat Plants Under Control and Pathogen Stress Conditions“. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 22, Nr. 11 (November 2009): 1323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-11-1323.
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The supply of soluble silicon (Si) to plants has been associated with many benefits that remain poorly explained and often contested. In this work, the effect of Si was studied on wheat plants under both control and pathogen stress (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) conditions by conducting a large transcriptomic analysis (55,000 unigenes) aimed at comparing the differential response of plants under four treatments. The response to the supply of Si on control (uninfected) plants was limited to 47 genes of diverse functions providing little evidence of regulation of a specific metabolic process. Plants reacted to inoculation with B. graminis f. sp. tritici by an upregulation of many genes linked to stress and metabolic processes and a downregulation of genes linked to photosynthesis. Supplying Si to inoculated plants largely prevented disease development, a phenotypic response that translated into a nearly perfect reversal of genes regulated by the effect of B. graminis f. sp. tritici alone. These results suggest that Si plays a limited role on a plant's transcriptome in the absence of stress, even in the case of a high-Si-accumulating monocot such as wheat. On the other hand, the benefits of Si in the form of biotic stress alleviation were remarkably aligned with a counter-response to transcriptomic changes induced by the pathogen B. graminis f. sp. tritici.
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E. Y Henry, Eunice, Eliane Kinsou, Armel C. G. Mensah, Françoise Assogba Komlan und Christophe Bernard Gandonou. „Réponse des plantes de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivées sous stress salin à une application exogène de calcium et de potassium“. Journal of Applied Biosciences 159 (31.03.2021): 16363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.159.1.
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Objectifs : Le stress salin constitue un des stress environnementaux majeurs qui agit négativement sur la croissance des plantes. L’effet positif d’une application exogène de calcium et de potassium a été déterminé sur la croissance des plants de tomate soumis à la salinité. Méthodologie et résultats : Les plants de trois cultivars de tomate ont été exposés à six traitements comprenant le témoin sans NaCl ; 120 mM de NaCl et une combinaison entre 120 mM de NaCl et un apport de 40 mM de CaSO4 ; CaCl2 ; KNO3 ou K2SO4. La croissance des plantes a été déterminée après quinze jours d’exposition. L’application exogène de potassium n’a pas amélioré la croissance des plants stressés tandis que celle du calcium a atténué significativement les effets du NaCl sur les plantes du cultivar sensible Akikon. Aucun effet améliorateur n’a été observé chez les cultivars Tounvi et F1 Mongal. Conclusion et applications des résultats : Seule l’application exogène des deux formes de calcium a atténué les effets de la salinité sur la croissance des plantes du cultivar sensible Akikon. Le CaSO4 s’est révélé comme le meilleur composé pouvant atténuer les effets néfastes du sel chez la tomate, suivi par le CaCl2 notamment au niveau de la partie aérienne alors qu’au niveau de la partie racinaire, le CaCl2 a été plus efficace. Ainsi la réponse des plants de tomate cultivés sous stress salin à une application exogène de composés dépend non seulement du cultivar, de l’organe pris en compte mais aussi de la nature des composés apportés. Des études complémentaires sont nécessaires pour déterminer les mécanismes physiologiques impliqués dans l’effet améliorateur du calcium. Le CaSO4 et CaCl2 seront utiles pour la gestion de la salinité dans les zones de production de tomate Akikon. Mots clés : tolérance à la salinité, tomate, potassium, calcium, biomasse fraîche, biomasse sèche. Henry et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2021 Réponse des plantes de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivées sous stress salin a une application exogène de calcium et de potassium 16364 Response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) plants cultivated under salt stress to exogenous application of calcium and potassium ABSTRACT Aims: Salt stress is one of the major environmental stresses that have a negative effect on plant growth. The ameliorative effect of exogenous application of calcium and potassium was determined on the growth of tomato plants subjected to salinity. Methodology and results: Plants of three tomato cultivars were exposed to six treatments including the control without NaCl; 120 mM NaCl and a combination of 120 mM NaCl and an input of 40 mM CaSO4; CaCl2; KNO3 or K2SO4. Plant growth was determined after 15 days of exposure. The exogenous application of potassium did not improve the growth of stressed plants while that of calcium significantly attenuated the effects of NaCl on plants of the susceptible cultivar Akikon. No ameliorative effect was observed in cultivars Tounvi and F1 Mongal. Conclusions and applications of the results: Only exogenous application of both forms of calcium attenuated the effects of salinity on plant growth of the susceptible cultivar Akikon. CaSO4 has proven to be the best compound that can mitigate the harmful effects of salt in tomatoes, followed by CaCl2 especially in the aerial part, while in the root part, CaCl2 has been more effective. Thus, the response of tomato plants grown under salt stress to an exogenous application of compounds depends not only on the cultivar and the organ taken into account, but also on the nature of the compounds used. Further studies are needed to determine the physiological mechanisms involved in the ameliorative effect of calcium. CaSO4 and CaCl2 will be useful for the management of salinity in Akikon tomato production areas. Keywords: tolerance to salinity, tomato, potassium, calcium, fresh biomass, dry biomass.
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E. Y Henry, Eunice, Eliane Kinsou, Armel C. G. Mensah, Françoise Assogba Komlan und Christophe Bernard Gandonou. „Réponse des plantes de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivées sous stress salin à une application exogène de calcium et de potassium“. Journal of Applied Biosciences 159 (31.03.2021): 16363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.159.1.
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Objectifs : Le stress salin constitue un des stress environnementaux majeurs qui agit négativement sur la croissance des plantes. L’effet positif d’une application exogène de calcium et de potassium a été déterminé sur la croissance des plants de tomate soumis à la salinité. Méthodologie et résultats : Les plants de trois cultivars de tomate ont été exposés à six traitements comprenant le témoin sans NaCl ; 120 mM de NaCl et une combinaison entre 120 mM de NaCl et un apport de 40 mM de CaSO4 ; CaCl2 ; KNO3 ou K2SO4. La croissance des plantes a été déterminée après quinze jours d’exposition. L’application exogène de potassium n’a pas amélioré la croissance des plants stressés tandis que celle du calcium a atténué significativement les effets du NaCl sur les plantes du cultivar sensible Akikon. Aucun effet améliorateur n’a été observé chez les cultivars Tounvi et F1 Mongal. Conclusion et applications des résultats : Seule l’application exogène des deux formes de calcium a atténué les effets de la salinité sur la croissance des plantes du cultivar sensible Akikon. Le CaSO4 s’est révélé comme le meilleur composé pouvant atténuer les effets néfastes du sel chez la tomate, suivi par le CaCl2 notamment au niveau de la partie aérienne alors qu’au niveau de la partie racinaire, le CaCl2 a été plus efficace. Ainsi la réponse des plants de tomate cultivés sous stress salin à une application exogène de composés dépend non seulement du cultivar, de l’organe pris en compte mais aussi de la nature des composés apportés. Des études complémentaires sont nécessaires pour déterminer les mécanismes physiologiques impliqués dans l’effet améliorateur du calcium. Le CaSO4 et CaCl2 seront utiles pour la gestion de la salinité dans les zones de production de tomate Akikon. Mots clés : tolérance à la salinité, tomate, potassium, calcium, biomasse fraîche, biomasse sèche. Henry et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2021 Réponse des plantes de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivées sous stress salin a une application exogène de calcium et de potassium 16364 Response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) plants cultivated under salt stress to exogenous application of calcium and potassium ABSTRACT Aims: Salt stress is one of the major environmental stresses that have a negative effect on plant growth. The ameliorative effect of exogenous application of calcium and potassium was determined on the growth of tomato plants subjected to salinity. Methodology and results: Plants of three tomato cultivars were exposed to six treatments including the control without NaCl; 120 mM NaCl and a combination of 120 mM NaCl and an input of 40 mM CaSO4; CaCl2; KNO3 or K2SO4. Plant growth was determined after 15 days of exposure. The exogenous application of potassium did not improve the growth of stressed plants while that of calcium significantly attenuated the effects of NaCl on plants of the susceptible cultivar Akikon. No ameliorative effect was observed in cultivars Tounvi and F1 Mongal. Conclusions and applications of the results: Only exogenous application of both forms of calcium attenuated the effects of salinity on plant growth of the susceptible cultivar Akikon. CaSO4 has proven to be the best compound that can mitigate the harmful effects of salt in tomatoes, followed by CaCl2 especially in the aerial part, while in the root part, CaCl2 has been more effective. Thus, the response of tomato plants grown under salt stress to an exogenous application of compounds depends not only on the cultivar and the organ taken into account, but also on the nature of the compounds used. Further studies are needed to determine the physiological mechanisms involved in the ameliorative effect of calcium. CaSO4 and CaCl2 will be useful for the management of salinity in Akikon tomato production areas. Keywords: tolerance to salinity, tomato, potassium, calcium, fresh biomass, dry biomass.
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Lu, Nan, und Yan Li. „The Response of Plants to Soil Pb Stress“. Frontiers in Science and Engineering 3, Nr. 11 (21.11.2023): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fse.v3i11.5704.
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The problem of soil heavy metal pollution is becoming increasingly serious, and Pb is one of the main causes of soil heavy metal pollution due to its toxicity. Phytoremediation technology can reduce the content of heavy metal pollutants and improve soil nutrient conditions, and thus, it is more widely used. Pb in the soil affects the physiological and biochemical processes of plants, which in turn have a toxic effect on plants, causing severe wilting and death. Similarly, Pb also affects plant photosynthesis to varying degrees. This paper details the progress of research on the effects of soil Pb contamination on plants, with the aim of finding directions for further study.
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Omar, Samar A., Nabil I. Elsheery, Pavel Pashkovskiy, Vladimir Kuznetsov, Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev und Amina M. Zedan. „Impact of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth, Pigment Content, Membrane Stability, DNA Damage, and Stress-Related Gene Expression in Vicia faba under Saline Conditions“. Horticulturae 9, Nr. 9 (13.09.2023): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9091030.
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This study investigates the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) on Vicia faba under salinity stress. Plants were treated with either 10 or 20 ppm nTiO2 and subjected to two different concentrations of salinity (100 and 200 mM NaCl) as well as the combined effect of nanoparticles and salinity. Salinity induced a reduction in dry weight, increased electron leakage and MDA content, increased chromosomal aberrations and DNA damage, and reduced transcript levels of some stress- and growth-related genes. nTiO2 treatment increased dry weight in unstressed plants and mitigated the salinity-damaging effect in stressed plants. nTiO2 application improved cell division, decreased chromosomal aberrations, and reduced DNA damage in plants under saline conditions. The upregulation of antioxidant genes further supports the protective role of nTiO2 against oxidative stress. Particularly significant was the ability of nTiO2 to enhance the upregulation of heat shock protein (HSP) genes. These findings underscore the potential of nTiO2 to reduce the osmotic and toxic effects of salinity-induced stress in plants.
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Hassan, A., Chen Qibing, Liu Yinggao, Jiang Tao, Guo Li, Mingyan Jiang, Li Nian, Lv Bing-Yang und Liu Shiliang. „Do plants affect brainwaves? Effect of indoor plants in work environment on mental stress“. European Journal of Horticultural Science 85, Nr. 4 (26.08.2020): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/ejhs.2020/85.4.9.
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Motyleva, Svetlana, Nayalya Kozak und Ludmila Kabashnikova. „Effect of drought stress on metabolite synthesis in Actinidia Arguta Leaves“. BIO Web of Conferences 43 (2022): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224301021.
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In the context of global climatic changes, water stress, which causes drought, is one of the limiting factors affecting the environment and negatively affects the growth and development of cultivated plants. The stressful impact of dry conditions causes changes in the biochemical processes of plants. Herein, we studied the change in antioxidant activity, the amount of phenolic compounds and the peculiarities of the synthesis of some metabolites in Actinidia. argutа leaves, Taezhny Dar variety, under drought stress. All parameters were measured in leaves of control plants and after drought stress. Biennial plants were grown in separate pots and kept in an open area under a canopy to keep out the rain. Antioxidant activity and the amount of phenolic compounds were determined spectrophotometrically. Under conditions of moisture deficiency, the antioxidant activity and the amount of phenolic compounds in the leaves are higher than in the control. The composition of metabolites in the leaf extract was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Under drought stress, changes in the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites occur. In the leaves of control plants, 14 substances were identified, of which 6 are organic acids and 8 are carbohydrate substances. In the leaves of plants under drought stress, 37 compounds were recorded, that is, more than 2 times more than in the leaves of control plants, 23 substances of a carbohydrate nature were identified, including Myo-Inositol, which has antioxidant properties. The main carbohydrates in the leaves of the control plants of actinidia were turanose and mannobiose; under drought conditions, sucrose; its content increased 15 times in comparison with the control plants. The phenolic compounds Quininic acid and Caffeic acid are synthesized in the leaves of Actinidia arguta plants subjected to drought.
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Biswas, Shreyasee, Monika Koul und Ashok Kumar Bhatnagar. „Effect of Salt, Drought and Metal Stress on Essential Oil Yield and Quality in Plants“. Natural Product Communications 6, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2011): 1934578X1100601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100601036.
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Essential oil extracted from plants is of high commercial value in medicine, cosmetics and perfumery. Enhancing yield and maintaining the quality of oil is of significant commercial importance. Production of oil in plants is dependent on various biotic and abiotic factors to which the plants are subjected during their growth. Plants are exposed to various degrees of stress on account of natural and human-induced factors. Salinization, drought and presence of heavy metals in the substratum cause substantial effect on the yield and quality of bioactive constituents in the oil. In many plants, the level and kind of stress have detrimental effects on the growth and development. This review provides an account of the studies on some common abiotic stresses to which essential oil plants are exposed during their growth period and their influence on quality and quantity of oil. The yield and quality vary in different plants and so is the response. Enhancing essential oil productivity is an important challenge, and understanding the role played by stress may offer significant advantages to the essential oil farmers and processing industry. Scientific evaluation of the data on many important but unexplored essential oil plants will also help in mitigating, ameliorating and minimizing the harmful effects caused by stress.
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Durigon, Angelica, Jochem Evers, Klaas Metselaar und Quirijn de Jong van Lier. „Water Stress Permanently Alters Shoot Architecture in Common Bean Plants“. Agronomy 9, Nr. 3 (26.03.2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9030160.
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The effects of water stress on crop yield through modifications of plant architecture are vital to crop performance such as common bean plants. To assess the extent of this effect, an outdoor experiment was conducted in which common bean plants received five treatments: fully irrigated, and irrigation deficits of 30% and 50% applied in flowering or pod formation stages onwards. Evapotranspiration, number and length of pods, shoot biomass, grain yield and harvest index were assessed, and architectural traits (length and thickness of internodes, length of petioles and petiolules, length and width of leaflet blades and angles) were recorded and analyzed using regression models. The highest irrigation deficit in the flowering stage had the most pronounced effect on plant architecture. Stressed plants were shorter, leaves were smaller and pointing downward, indicating that plants permanently altered their exposure to sunlight. The combined effect of irrigation deficit and less exposure to light lead to shorter pods, less shoot biomass and lower grain yield. Fitted empirical models between water deficit and plant architecture can be included in architectural simulation models to quantify plant light interception under water stress, which, in turn, can supply crop models adding a second order of water stress effects on crop yield simulation.
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JACOB, LINI, RV MANJU, ROY STEPHEN, MM VIJI und BR REGHUNATH. „Effect of abiotic stress factors on growth, physiology and total withanolide production in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal“. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 37, Nr. 1 (31.12.2015): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v37i1.jacob.
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An investigation was carried out to study the effects of abiotic stress factors on growth, physiology and total withanolide production in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. The abiotic stresses were provided in the form of three levels of light stress (25%,50% and 75% shade) and three levels of water stress (25%,50% and 75% FC) along with control under optimum conditions. Withanolide production was significantly affected by various stress factors. Maimum values for plant height (57.75cm), length of tap root (28.00cm) total dry matter production (28.08g/plant) and specific leaf area(93.40 cm2/g)were recorded in plants grown under 75% shade. The secondary metabolite withanolide was found to be significantly affect by abiotic stress factors and was also recorded maximum (64.75mg/g) in plants grown under 75% shade.
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Zhang, Jinyang, Yutong Sun und Pengxin Jin. „The Effect of Low Temperature Stress on Plant Physiological Development“. Frontiers in Sustainable Development 3, Nr. 9 (21.09.2023): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fsd.v3i9.5655.
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Temperature is the most important factor affecting plant growth, development, and metabolic processes, which has significant theoretical value and practical significance for studying the physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants under temperature stress. The damage of low temperature to plants is caused by dehydration caused by extracellular ice formation, or by apoptosis caused by intracellular ice formation. This article mainly discusses the cold resistance of plants from several aspects, including lipid membrane peroxidation, osmotic regulation products, plant growth and development products, and antioxidant enzyme systems.
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Jabeen, Dr Munifa, und Atiqa Jabeen. „Role of Compatible Solutes in Alleviating Effect of Abiotic Stress in Plants“. International Research Journal of Education and Innovation 3, Nr. 1 (31.03.2022): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/irjei.v3.01.14(22)141-153.
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Plants face assorted of abiotic stresses such as, salinity, drought and heavy metals which produce ROS, and finally inhibit normal growth plant production. To stop cellular destruction due to oxidative stress, these abiotic stresses increase complex reactions in plants to avoid damage and boost their sustainability under severe stress situations. Plants produce several organic solutes known as osmoprotectant such as, polyamines, sugars, proline and glycinebetaine (GB), to adjust the cellular mechanism and stable the membrane structure and proteins towards environmental stress. As well, they also defend the plant cells from oxidative stress by stopping the accumulation of damaging effect of ROS. In this review, we have deliberated the mechanisms of organic solutes as well as several functions in plants under abiotic stress situations. The organic solutes that are also known as osmolytes/osmoprotectants comprise soluble sugars, proline and glycinebetaine.
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Ramadan, Taha, Suzan A. Sayed, Amna K. A. Abd-Elaal und Ahmed Amro. „The combined effect of water deficit stress and TiO2 nanoparticles on cell membrane and antioxidant enzymes in Helianthus annuus L.“ Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 28, Nr. 2 (Februar 2022): 391–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12298-022-01153-z.
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AbstractNanotechnology has become one of the several approaches attempting to ameliorate the severe effect of drought on plant's production and to increase the plants tolerance against water deficit for the water economy. In this research, the effect of foliar application of TiO2, nanoparticles or ordinary TiO2, on Helianthus annuus subjected to different levels of water deficit was studied. Cell membrane injury increased by increasing the level of water deficit and TiO2 concentration, and both types of TiO2 affected the leaves in analogous manner. Ord-TiO2 increased H2O2 generation by 67–240% and lipid peroxidation by 4–67% in leaves. These increases were more than that induced by Nano-TiO2 and the effect was concentration dependent. Proline significantly increased in leaves by water deficit stress, reaching at 25% field capacity (FC) to more than fivefold compared to that in plants grown on full FC. Spraying plants with water significantly decreased the activities of enzymes in the water deficit stressed roots. The water deficit stress exerted the highest magnitude of effect on the changes of cell membrane injury, MDA, proline content, and activities of CAT and GPX. Nano-TiO2 was having the highest effect on contents of H2O2 and GPX activity. In roots, the level of water deficit causes highest effect on enzyme activities, but TiO2 influenced more on the changes of MDA and H2O2 contents. GPX activity increased by 283% in leaves of plants treated with 50 and 150 ppm Nano-TiO2, while increased by 170% in those treated with Ord-TiO2, but APX and CAT activities increased by 17–197%, in average, with Ord-TiO2. This study concluded that Nano-TiO2 didn’t ameliorate the effects of drought stress on H. annuus but additively increased the stress, so its use in nano-phytotechnology mustn’t be expanded without extensive studies.
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García-Sánchez, Susana, Michal Gala und Gabriel Žoldák. „Nanoimpact in Plants: Lessons from the Transcriptome“. Plants 10, Nr. 4 (12.04.2021): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040751.
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Transcriptomics studies are available to evaluate the potential toxicity of nanomaterials in plants, and many highlight their effect on stress-responsive genes. However, a comparative analysis of overall expression changes suggests a low impact on the transcriptome. Environmental challenges like pathogens, saline, or drought stress induce stronger transcriptional responses than nanoparticles. Clearly, plants did not have the chance to evolve specific gene regulation in response to novel nanomaterials; but they use common regulatory circuits with other stress responses. A shared effect with abiotic stress is the inhibition of genes for root development and pathogen response. Other works are reviewed here, which also converge on these results.
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Nigwekar, Ashok S., und Prakash D. Chavan. „The effect of water stress on nitrogen metabolism of horsegram Dolichos biflorus L.“ Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 59, Nr. 1-4 (2014): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1990.007.
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Horsegram plants were raised in terule soil in earthen pots and subjected to various durations of water stress (7, 14 and 21 days). Total nitrogen contents were reduced in water-stressed plants but differently in different plant parts. Nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity decreased with stress. This species possesses a good capacity for accumulation of free proline under water stress. Analysis of amino acid composition also revealed marked changes in the levels of various amino acids in water-stressed plants. Accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid in water-stressed plants was observed.
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Dyki, Barbara, Jan Borowski und Waldemar Kowalczyk. „Effect of copper deficiency and of water stress on the microstructure of tomato leaf surface“. Acta Agrobotanica 51, Nr. 1-2 (2013): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1998.011.
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The reaction of tomato plants cv. Tukan F<sub>1</sub> to copper deficiency and to water stress was compared. Plants grown in copper deficiency and in conditions of water stress were significantly smaller than controls. They had also lower turgor. The epidermis cells of the upper side leaf in the plants growing in copper deficiency or water stress conditions were smaller than in control plants. However the stomata and trichomes number of leaves plants with copper or water deficiency grown were bigger in comparision with control. The pores of stomata were always larger in leaves of control plants than in other objects.
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Laman, N. A., K. R. Kem, V. I. Anikeev, V. N. Zhabinskii und N. B. Khripach. „Features of the brassinosteroid effect on plants under salt stress“. Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 66, Nr. 2 (06.05.2022): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2022-66-2-199-205.
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The dependence of the protective effect of brassinosteroids (BS) in a wide range of concentrations on the growth of the root system of fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings under salt stress was studied. A narrow range of BS concentrations was revealed, in which they cause a weakening of the inhibitory effect of salinity on the root system of seedlings. An almost complete coincidence of the BS concentration ranges was noted, in which the maximum stress-protective effect of phytohormones was observed for the both crops (6,9 ⋅ 10–7–5,9 ⋅ 10–8 М for fiber flax and 2,8 ⋅ 10–7–2,4 ⋅ 10–8 М for spring barley). In the experiment with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which lasted 19 days, already on the 6th day before the seedlings were placed under stress conditions, the elongation of the seedlings treated with exogenous brassinosteroids was noted. By the end of the experiment (in the second leaf unfolding phase), all brassinosteroids showed a pronounced protective-stimulating effect under the salinity conditions that depended on the chemical structure of the hormone and changed in the brassinolide > homobrassinolide > homocastasterone > epibrassinolide series.
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Mohammed, Samar Jasim, Zainab Jassim Mohammed und Israa Ibrahim Lazim. „An Update on The effect of water stress on plants“. Plant Biotechnology Persa 4, Nr. 2 (01.12.2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/pbp.4.2.9.
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Drake, Arly Marie, T. Karl Danneberger und David S. Gardner. „Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Creeping Bentgrass during Heat, Salt, and Combined Stress“. HortScience 58, Nr. 4 (April 2023): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16978-22.
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Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is a turfgrass species that is widely used on golf courses throughout the United States. In field settings, plants are often subjected to more than one stress at a time, and studying stresses independently is likely insufficient. Stresses, such as heat stress and salt stress, can affect plant hormone levels and, in turn, plant hormone levels can affect how well the plant tolerates stress. The objectives of the experiments were to determine if the levels of heat stress and salt stress used would be detrimental to creeping bentgrass health, and if applying plant growth regulators could improve plant health during stress. During the first experiment, creeping bentgrass was transplanted to hydroponics systems in two different growth chambers. One chamber was set to have day and night temperatures of 35 °C and 30 °C (heat stress), respectively, and the other had day and night temperatures of 25 °C and 20 °C, respectively. Within each chamber, one block received a 50 mM NaCl treatment (salt stress) and the other did not (control). The stress treatments were applied for 14 days. Results of the first experiment indicated that the treatments were sufficient to negatively affect creeping bentgrass growth and health as indicated by fresh shoot and root weights, tillering, electrolyte leakage, and total chlorophyll content (TCC). There were significant interactions of temperature × salt level detected for shoot and root weights and electrolyte leakage. Plants that were exposed to both heat stress and salt stress were more negatively affected than plants exposed to either heat stress or salt stress alone for all metrics except for tillering. The presence of salt reduced tillering regardless of the temperature regimen. During the second experiment, plants were treated the same, but the plant growth regulator (PGR) treatments were also applied. The PGR treatments consisted of two different gibberellic acid (GA) synthesis inhibitor products, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, two different rates of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an ethylene synthesis suppressor, and plants that were not treated with the PGR. In addition to the measurements of plant health and growth, dry shoot and root weights were measured. For the TCC, there was a two-way interaction between temperature × PGR treatment. For electrolyte leakage, there was a three-way interaction between temperature × salt level × PGR treatment. Combined heat stress and salt stress negatively affected all plants regardless of PGR treatment, but there were differences between PGR treatments. Plants treated with AVG exhibited improved health and growth compared with the other PGR treatments. These plants had the highest shoot and root masses. Plants treated with GA synthesis inhibitors had the lowest shoot and root masses as well as the lowest TCC when subjected to stress.
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Liu, Tao, Lin He, Wenhuan Yu, Thomas Freudenreich und Xianhao Lin. „Effect of Green Plants on Individuals’ Mental Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Preliminary Study“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 20 (19.10.2022): 13541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013541.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has not only jeopardized people’s physical health, but also put additional strain on their mental health. This study explored the role of indoor natural elements (i.e., green plants) in relieving individuals’ mental stress during a prolonged stressful period. A pilot and three formal studies examined the effect of indoor green plants placed in living and working environments on people’s perceived stress during the pandemic and further uncovered its underlying mechanism emphasizing a mediating role of emotion. The pilot study confirmed that the severity of the pandemic positively correlated with individuals’ level of stress. Study 1 then demonstrated that indoor green plants in people’s living environments might reduce their perceived stress during the pandemic, which is referred to as the “plant effect”. Study 2 repeated the plant effect in a field experiment conducted in a working environment and Study 3 revealed a mediating role of positive emotion. This study provides preliminary evidence for the mitigating effect of indoor green plants on individuals’ mental stress during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The indoor green plants placed in living and working environments may elicit positive emotion, which in turn reduce people’s mental stress. In addition, our results reveal that growth status of the indoor green plants affected the plant effect as well.
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Yan, Feiyu, Hongliang Zhao, Longmei Wu, Zhiwei Huang, Yuan Niu, Bo Qi, Linqing Zhang et al. „Basic Cognition of Melatonin Regulation of Plant Growth under Salt Stress: A Meta-Analysis“. Antioxidants 11, Nr. 8 (19.08.2022): 1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081610.
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Salt stress severely restricts the growth of plants and threatens the development of agriculture throughout the world. Worldwide studies have shown that exogenous melatonin (MT) can effectively improve the growth of plants under salt stress. Through a meta-analysis of 549 observations, this study first explored the effects of salt stress characteristics and MT application characteristics on MT regulated plant growth under salt stress. The results show that MT has a wide range of regulatory effects on plant growth indicators under salt stress, of which the regulatory effect on root indexes is the strongest, and this regulatory effect is not species-specific. The intensity of salt stress did not affect the positive effect of MT on plant growth, but the application effect of MT in soil was stronger than that in rooting medium. This meta-analysis also revealed that the foliar application of a concentration between 100–200 μM is the best condition for MT to enhance plant growth under salt stress. The results can inspire scientific research and practical production, while seeking the maximum improvement in plant salt tolerance under salt stress.
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Garcia, Akim Afonso, Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo, Sebastião Ferreira de Lima, Cássio De Castro Seron, Murilo Battistuzzi Martins und Gabriela Rodrigues Sant' Ana. „Effect of B vitamins on lettuce plants subjected to saline stress“. Agronomía Colombiana 41, Nr. 1 (30.04.2023): e104214. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.104214.
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The use of water with a high concentration of salts has been increasingly frequent in vegetable production. This reduces the development and productivity of vegetables, raising the importance of the search for techniques to mitigate deleterious effects. In this sense, vitamins have the potential to improve conditions for plant development. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the application of B vitamins in lettuce plants submitted to irrigation with saline water. The treatments consisted of Control: irrigated with water and without application of vitamins; NaCl: irrigated with saline solution (50 mM NaCl, equivalent 5.18 dS m-1) and without application of vitamins; NaCl+B1: irrigated with saline solution and application of vitamin thiamine (100 mg L-1); NaCl+B3: irrigated with saline solution and application of vitamin niacin (100 mg L-1). These treatments were applied to two lettuce cultivars, “Pira Roxa” and “Valentina”. Both vitamins increased net photosynthesis when compared to the NaCl treatment. However, only the application of thiamine resulted in a mitigating effect on the losses of plant dry mass accumulation. Thus, the exogenous application of these vitamins alleviates the effects caused by salinity in lettuce plants, reducing stress on photosynthetic mechanisms and increasing photosynthetic activity. In addition, thiamine helps to reduce the deleterious effects of salinity on the accumulation of biomass.
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Al-Khaliel, A. S. „Effect of salinity stress on mycorrhizal association and growth response of peanut infected by Glomus mosseae“. Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 7 (14.07.2010): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/204/2009-pse.
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Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a mutualistic association between fungi and higher plants, and play a critical role in nutrient cycling and stress tolerance. However, much less is known about the mycorrhiza-mediated enhancement in growth and salinity tolerance of the peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing in the arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, mycorrhizal status of Glomus mosseae in diverse salinity levels on original substrate soil conditions was investigated. Different growth parameters, accumulation of proline content and salt stress tolerance were studied. These investigations indicated that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could improve growth of peanuts under salinity through enhanced nutrient absorption and photosynthesis. Chlorophyll content and leaf water content were increased significantly under salinity stress by the inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. Tolerance of the plants to salinity was increased and the mycorrhizal association was found highly effective in enhancing peanut growth and establishment in soils under salinity and deficient in phosphorus.
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Blum, A., und C. Y. Sullivan. „The Effect of Plant Size on Wheat Response to Agents of Drought Stress. I. Root Drying“. Functional Plant Biology 24, Nr. 1 (1997): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp96022.
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Plant size has long been implicated in plant response to drought stress. This study is a first in a series of two intended to examine the effect of plant size on plant performance under the effect of various agents of drought stress. Variable plant size (in terms of plant height and shoot biomass) independent of genetic background effects was experimentally achieved using rht (tallest), Rht1 and Rht2 (medium) and Rht3 (shortest) homozygous height isogenic lines of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Bersee). Top-root drying is a common stress condition when the top soil dries in the field. In this experiment wheat was grown in hydroponics system in long PVC tubes. Stress was applied by allowing the top (40 cm) roots to dry throughout most of the growing season while the remaining roots were immersed in the nutrient solution. Average seasonal top-root water potential was reduced from –0.097 MPa in the controls to –1.93 MPa under stress. This stress condition caused a reduction in shoot biomass while it increased total root length. There was a general progressive increase in leaf diffusive resistance under the treatment as plants became larger. This stomatal closure could not be accounted for by reduction in leaf water potential. In fact, leaf turgor increased as stomatal diffusive resistance increased with increasing plant size, leading us to conclude that stomatal closure was the primary response to top-root drying, followed by turgor maintenance possibly as a result of a non-hydraulic signal produced by the drying top-roots. Smaller plants were affected relatively less than were larger plants by this stress condition in terms of stomatal closure, plant height, tillering and shoot biomass reduction. Grain yield per plant was actually increased by stress in the smallest plants while it was unaffected by stress in the larger plants. It is concluded that the smallest plants were the most resistant to top-root drying but absolute biomass and yield under this stress condition was the greatest in the largest plants because of their relatively greater potential.
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Manukyan, Irina Rafikovna. „Physiological aspects of wheat stress resistance“. Agrarian Scientific Journal, Nr. 9 (28.09.2021): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i9pp34-37.
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The article presents the results of long-term studies of physiological processes and oxidative stress occurring in wheat plants under the influence of phytopathogens, mineral fertilizers and fungicides. The criteria for the damaging effect of oxidative stress are the activity of the enzyme nitrate reductase and the concentration of TBK-active products. Normally, a mobile balance is maintained between the processes of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system of cell protection. However, under stressful conditions, the ROS content in cells increases rapidly and oxidative stress develops. The resistance of plants to many environmental factors is determined by the ability of the plant to maintain a consistent course of physiological processes, without causing their significant disruption under stress. The relationship between LPO processes and nitrate reductase activity was observed in all wheat varieties. It was found that the varieties reacted differently to the doses of fertilizers. A high negative correlation r = -83 was established between the POL and NRA processes. Many pesticides have additional effects on plants in addition to their main target effect. Fungicides from the triazole class (Byleton, Tilt, Fundazole) were studied. All of them showed antioxidant properties. The strongest antioxidant effect was observed in the fungicide Tilt (propiconazole). The results obtained by us, regarding the close relationship between the processes of POL and NRA, allow us to use fungicides from the triazole class to increase the resistance of plants to various stress factors, activate the antioxidant system in plant cells, and increase productivity. They, as chemical immunizers, are able to simultaneously restrain the development of diseases and affect the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that increase the resistance of plant organisms to phytopathogens and other stress factors.
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Rafi, Amara, Hassan Javed Chaudhary, Javed Ali, Abdulaziz Bashir Kutawa, Amna Amna, Misbah Khan, Nida Aslam und Shafiq Ur Rehman. „Evaluation of the Effect of ACC Deaminase and Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria in Maize (Zea mays) under Heat Stress“. Trends in Sciences 19, Nr. 21 (31.10.2022): 6311. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.6311.
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Heat stress or global warming is a continuous temperature fluctuation that affects the environment and damage plant tissues because of the hormonal imbalances in plants. Yield losses resulting from heat stress are a major threat to global food security. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) may be utilized to lessen this loss in yield. PGPB containing aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity can enhance plant growth that various abiotic stresses inhibit. This work was conducted to evaluate the effect of ACC deaminase and exopolysaccharides producing bacteria on maize plants grown under heat stress. The stressed plants were kept at 45 °C, while non-stressed plants were grown at a temperature of 28 - 35 °C. In 45 days of the growing period under heat stress, the plant growth and activities were decreased, however, in the presence of PGPB (isolated from soil and plant tissues in Muzaffagarh, Pakistan) containing ACC deaminase activity, the plant activities and biomass were increased compared to their respective control. The ACC deaminase-producing bacteria played a significant role by enhancing the physiological activities of the plants like chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid pigments, and proline content. Enzymatic activities like superoxide dismutase (81 %), peroxidase (57.8 %), and catalase (50.27 %) were increased. The relative water content of the maize plants was increased in Treatment one (T1) with 300, and 200 % for non-heat and heat, respectively, while the control was having 220, and 200 % for non-heat and heat, respectively. Soluble sugar content was improved with T1 having the highest values (4,000 and 5,700 g/mol) for heat and non-heat, respectively. The control was having 900, and 2300 g/mol for heat and non-heat, respectively. The application of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria on maize can help to overcome the adverse effects of heat stress and help the plant to survive under stress condition.
HIGHLIGHTS
Heat stress is a continuous temperature fluctuation that affects the environment and damage plant tissues because of the hormonal imbalances in plants, and yield losses resulting from heat stress are a major threat to global food security
This research work was carried out to assess the effect of ACC deaminase and exopolysaccharides producing bacteria on maize plants grown under heat stress
The use of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria on maize can help to overcome the adverse effects of heat stress and help the plant to survive under stress condition
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Toscano, Stefania, Antonio Ferrante und Daniela Romano. „Response of Mediterranean Ornamental Plants to Drought Stress“. Horticulturae 5, Nr. 1 (14.01.2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5010006.
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Ornamental plants use unique adaptive mechanisms to overcome the negative effects of drought stress. A large number of species grown in the Mediterranean area offer the opportunity to select some for ornamental purposes with the ability to adapt to drought conditions. The plants tolerant to drought stress show different adaptation mechanisms to overcome drought stress, including morphological, physiological, and biochemical modifications. These responses include increasing root/shoot ratio, growth reduction, leaf anatomy change, and reduction of leaf size and total leaf area to limit water loss and guarantee photosynthesis. In this review, the effect of drought stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence is discussed. Recent information on the mechanisms of signal transduction and the development of drought tolerance in ornamental plants is provided. Finally, drought-induced oxidative stress is analyzed and discussed. The purpose of this review is to deepen our knowledge of how drought may modify the morphological and physiological characteristics of plants and reduce their aesthetic value—that is, the key parameter of assessment of ornamental plants.
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Kumar Sharma, Manoj. „Plants Stress: Salt Stress and Mechanisms of Stress Tolerance“. Current Agriculture Research Journal 11, Nr. 2 (21.09.2023): 380–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.11.2.03.
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A diverse combination of biotic and abiotic pressures makes up the environment that plants naturally inhabit. These pressures cause similarly complicated responses in plants. The purpose of the review is to critically evaluate the effects of various stress stimuli on higher plants with an emphasis on the typical and distinctive dose-dependent responses that are essential for plant growth and development. In order to improve agricultural productivity, breed new salt-tolerant cultivars, and make the most of saline land, it is essential to comprehend the mechanisms underlying plant salt tolerance. Soil salinization has emerged as a global problem. Locating regulatory centres in complex networks is made possible by systems biology techniques, enabling a multi-targeted approach. The goal of systems biology is to organise the molecular constituents of an organism (transcripts, proteins, and metabolites) into functioning networks or models that describe and forecast the dynamic behaviours of that organism in diverse contexts. This review focuses on the molecular, physiological, and pharmacological mechanisms that underlie how stress affects genomic instability, including DNA damage. Additionally, a summary of the physiological mechanisms behind salt tolerance, including the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osmotic adjustment, has been provided. The salt overly sensitive (SOS), calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), and abscisic acid (ABA) pathways are the four main signalling pathways for stress. According to earlier research, salt stress causes harm to plants by inhibiting photosynthesis, upsetting ion homeostasis, and peroxiding membranes. listed a few genes that are sensitive to salt stress and correspond to physiological systems. The review describes the most recent tactics and procedures for boosting salt tolerance in plants. We can make predictions about how plants will behave in the field and better understand how they respond to different levels of stress by understanding both the positive and negative aspects of stress responses, including genomic instability. The new knowledge can be put to use to enhance crop productivity and develop more resilient plant kinds, ensuring a consistent supply of food for the global population, which is currently undergoing rapid expansion.
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Abada, Emad, Yosra Modafer, Abdullah Mashraqi, Abdel-Rahman M. Shater, Mohamed A. Al Abboud, Mohamed A. Amin, Tarek M. Abdel Ghany und Hanan A. Said. „Ameliorative effect of micro-algal and medicinal plants on some biochemical properties of bean plants under salinity stress“. BioResources 18, Nr. 3 (25.07.2023): 6142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.3.6142-6154.
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This study was conducted to examine the ameliorative effects of foliar application of some micro-algal (Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis) and some medicinal plant leaves (Salix alba, Psidium guajava, and Olea europaea) extracts on Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) under salinity stress. On a loamy soil, a pots trial was carried out on bean plants grown under salinity stress. Growth characteristics, pigments, osmolytes, total phenol, and antioxidant enzyme contents were determined. S. platensis extract application showed the greatest improvement in shoot length and fresh weight of shoot, which rose 23.5% and 65.1%, respectively compared to the control. The utilized bio-stimulants, particularly S. platensis extracts, remarkably increased the chlorophyll content compared to the control under salinity stress. The photosynthetic pigment, soluble sugars, and soluble protein levels were strengthened by foliar application of bio-stimulant extract. Proline and antioxidant enzyme levels are significantly reduced using algal and plant extracts treatment. These findings support the treatment’s increased contribution to reducing salt stress and their detrimental effects on bean plants.The findings of this study indicate that the use of these biostimulants, especially S. alba, P. guajava, and O. europaea leaf extracts can be considered as an unconventional, ecofriendly, and novel tool in the mitigation of salinity stress.
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Lee, Jin Wook, Kenneth W. Mudge und Joseph Lardner. „Effect of Drought Stress on Growth and Ginsenoside Content of American Ginseng“. HortScience 40, Nr. 4 (Juli 2005): 1116A—1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1116a.
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American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) contains pharmacologically active secondary compounds known as ginsenosides, which have been shown to be affected by both genetic and environmental factors. In this greenhouse experiment, we tested the hypothesis that ginsenosides would behave as “stress metabolites” and be associated with osmoregulation in response to drought stress. Two year-old seedlings, grown in 5-inch pots, were well watered for 40 days prior to the initiation of treatments. Plants in the drought stress treatment were watered every 20 days while the controls were watered every 10 days, and the experiment was terminated after 4 and 8 dry down cycles (80 days), respectively. Predawn leaf water potential and relative water content (RWC) of drought-stressed plants during a typical dry down cycle were lower than control plants. The diameter and weight of primary storage roots were decreased in the stressed treatment. The length of the main storage root and the longest secondary (fibrous) root were significantly increased by the drought stress treatment. Leaf chlorophyll content of drought-stressed plants was lower than controls. The osmotic potential of the drought-stressed ginseng was not lower than the control, indicating that ginsenoside is not involved in osmoregulation in response to drought stress. Furthermore, ginsenosides Rb1 and Rd, and total ginsenosides were significantly lower in primary roots of drought-stressed plants compared to control plants.