Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Plantes en architecture“
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Verdier, Thierry. „Une architecture républicaine, l'orangerie du Jardin des Plantes de Montpellier“. Annales historiques de la Révolution française 309, Nr. 1 (1997): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahrf.1997.2138.
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PENOT, Eric, und Laurène FEINTRENIE. „L’agroforesterie sous climat tropical humide : une diversité de pratiques pour répondre à des objectifs spécifiques et à des contraintes locales“. BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 321, Nr. 321 (17.07.2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2014.321.a31212.
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L’agroforesterie consiste en l’association dans l’espace ou dans le temps d’un ligneux (arbre, palmier, liane) avec une ou plusieurs espèces annuelles ou pluriannuelles. Les systèmes agroforestiers se caractérisent ainsi par le degré de complexité des associations végétales qui les composent, et par leur structure spatiale, décrite en termes de strates verticales et de répartition horizontale (occupation des sols). Ces systèmes sont très variés, allant de l’association d’une culture pérenne plantée en lignes avec des cultures intercalaires à des systèmes complexes associant une multitude d’espèces végétales pérennes, pluriannuelles et annuelles dans une architecture multi -strates proche de celle d’une forêt naturelle, ces derniers systèmes étant communément appelés agroforêts. Ces sys-tèmes agroforestiers sont alors des plantations paysannes combinant des cultures de rente pérennes (hévéa, caféier, cacaoyer, cocotier…) avec d’autres plantes utiles comme des arbres à bois, des arbres fruitiers, des cultures vivrières, des matériaux pour l’artisanat (palmier, rotin, bambou) et des plantes médicinales...
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Rochard, Joël. „Architecture et conception durable d’une cave : concept, application et exemples“. BIO Web of Conferences 56 (2023): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20235602002.
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La construction d’un chai, ainsi que sa rénovation, imposent la prise en compte du développement durable. Cet aspect est particulièrement important pour les caves, construites pour très longtemps et support de l’image de la structure. L'architecture bioclimatique, est une approche destinée à tirer le meilleur parti des conditions d'un site et de son environnement, pour une conception naturellement confortable pour ses utilisateurs tout en optimisant notamment la gestion de l’eau et de l’énergie. L’optimisation de l’énergie, et la réduction de l’impact sur l’effet de serre associent l’utilisation de l’inertie thermique du sous-sol, et d’énergies renouvelables (solaire, puits canadien, géothermie, etc.). Vis-à-vis des effluents, le traitement écologique, vise à réduire la consommation d’énergie, à mieux s’intégrer dans le paysage et éventuellement contribuer à un développement de la biodiversité. Celui-ci repose souvent sur le principe de phytoremédiation par les plantes avec une vision d’économie circulaire. Ces traitements visent également progressivement un recyclage de l’eau pour l’irrigation ou éventuellement les dispositifs de refroidissement de la cave. La communication a pour objectif de présenter les principales pistes et démarches opérationnelles, qui peuvent s’appliquer aux caves avec les labels et retours d’expérience dans différentes régions du monde.
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Cremers, G., und C. Edelin. „Étude de l'architecture aérienne de quelques plantes tropicales à ramification basitone : vers une révision du modèle de Tomlinson“. Canadian Journal of Botany 73, Nr. 9 (01.09.1995): 1490–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-161.
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The study of tree architecture initiated in 1970 was followed by that of grasses and liana. Up to now, a larger number of observations were conducted on plants belonging to the Tomlinson's model. Wide variations were perceived at the level of upright part of each “article” or “module”. These observations suggest that the Tomlinson's model should not be considered as a distinct model but rather as a variant with basitone repetition, likely to appear within most of the other known models. Key words: plant architecture, basitone ramification, monocotyledons, dicotyledons. [Journal translation]
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Kalas, Paul. „Direct imaging of massive extrasolar planets“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S276 (Oktober 2010): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311020321.
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AbstractThe direct detection of an extrasolar planet can provide accurate measurements of its orbit, mass and composition, greatly improving our understanding of how planets form and evolve. Recent advances in ground-based and space-based imaging techniques have now produced the first direct images of extrasolar planets. Typically these are many-Jupiter-mass planets on wide orbits. Direct imaging therefore probes the outer architecture of planetary systems and it is highly complementary to other techniques sensitive to inner architectures. This brief review summarizes the properties of the currently imaged exoplanets, provides an update on the orbit of Fomalhaut b, and highlights the emerging phenomenon of circumplanetary disks.
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Hernando, Miguel, Mercedes Alonso, Carlos Prados und Ernesto Gambao. „Behavior-Based Control Architecture for Legged-and-Climber Robots“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 20 (14.10.2021): 9547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209547.
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In this paper, we present a fully original control architecture for legged-and-climber robots that is level-based, hierarchical, and centralized. The architecture gives the robots the ability to perform self-reconfiguration after unforeseen leg failures, because it can control this kind of robot with different numbers of legs. The results show the capability of performing movements in any direction and inclination planes. The components and functionalities of the developed control architecture for these robots are described, and, the architecture’s performance is tested on the ROMHEX robot.
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Hernando, Miguel, Mercedes Alonso, Carlos Prados und Ernesto Gambao. „Behavior-Based Control Architecture for Legged-and-Climber Robots“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 20 (14.10.2021): 9547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209547.
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In this paper, we present a fully original control architecture for legged-and-climber robots that is level-based, hierarchical, and centralized. The architecture gives the robots the ability to perform self-reconfiguration after unforeseen leg failures, because it can control this kind of robot with different numbers of legs. The results show the capability of performing movements in any direction and inclination planes. The components and functionalities of the developed control architecture for these robots are described, and, the architecture’s performance is tested on the ROMHEX robot.
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Kim, Ji-In, Nak-Jung Choi, Tae-Wan You, Heeyoung Jung, Young-Woo Kwon und Seok-Joo Koh. „Mobile-Oriented Future Internet: Implementation and Experimentations over EU–Korea Testbed“. Electronics 8, Nr. 3 (20.03.2019): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030338.
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Today’s mobility management (MM) architectures, such as Mobile Internet Protocol (IP) and Proxy Mobile IP, feature integration of data and control planes, as well as centralized mobility control. In the existing architecture, however, the tight integration of the data and control planes can induce a non-optimal routing path, because data packets are delivered via a central mobility agent, such as Home Agent and Local Mobility Anchor. Furthermore, the centralized mobility control mechanism tends to increase traffic overhead due to the processing of both data and control packets at a central agent. To address these problems, a new Internet architecture for the future mobile network was proposed, named Mobile-Oriented Future Internet (MOFI). The MOFI architecture was mainly designed as follows: (1) separation of data and control planes for getting an optimal data path; (2) distributed identifier–locator mapping control for alleviating traffic overhead at a central agent. In this article, we investigate the validity of the MOFI architecture through implementation and experimentations over the European Union (EU)–Korea testbed network. For this purpose, the MOFI architecture is implemented using OpenFlow and Click Modular Router over a Linux platform, and then it is evaluated over the locally and internationally configured EU–Korea testbed network. In particular, we operate two realistic communication scenarios over the EU–Korea testbed network. From the experimentation results, we can see that the proposed MOFI architecture can not only provide the mobility management efficiently, but also support the backward compatibility for the current IP version 6 (IPv6) applications and an Internet Protocol network.
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Krezlik, Adrian. „Many beginnings: the thought, thinkers and actions behind the planet-oriented architecture“. Budownictwo i Architektura 20, Nr. 1 (09.02.2021): 005–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2021.
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The article maps multiple planet-oriented movements in the history of modern (predominantly western) architecture. It looks for architectural pronunciation of social movements, political actions and historical moments. In writings of acclaimed architects and authors, it searches for origins of organic, vernacular and tropical architecture and their offspring in the contemporary approaches, views and design. The article documents changes of perception of relation between man, nature and architecture. It commences with the very first attempts to understand this relationship: idealization and romanticisation of nature, it finishes with the most contemporary analyses based on the holistic approach and computer simulation. The article draws an extensive panorama of authors and publications that researched planted-oriented architecture.
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Kuznietsova, Yana, und . „World Experience of Using Water Reservoirs in the Structure of Basic Horizontal Planes of an Architectural Object“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 3.2 (20.06.2018): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.14604.
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The aim of the article is to popularize the ecological approach in building both in Ukraine and states of the former Soviet Union. Previously the author studied issues of using water as a natural component on local and object levels in the structure of basic horizontal planes as connecting and outer spaces. This article deals with basic horizontal planes of buildings. The author analyzed architectural objects containing water as a natural component in their structure, and considered quality features of this approach. Firstly, these features influence psychology and physiology of a person, aesthetic perception of architectural objects and secondly, they have ecological aspects such as solving problems of heat isolation, precipitation cleansing, reducing the level of air pollution, atmospheric dispersion, etc. The article is based on the world experience of using water reservoirs in the structure of an architectural object. The author determined methods of water use and its influence on architectural form making. Watermorphic approach in architecture is defined as self-sufficient.
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Shulenina, Yulia D. „Pre-Revolutionary Trends of Industrial Architecture: Moscow Power Plants“. Observatory of Culture 19, Nr. 6 (30.12.2022): 574–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2022-19-6-574-583.
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The article explores the evolution of the architectural style and artistic and aesthetic features of the first Moscow power plants (Georgievskaya (1888), Raushskaya (1897) and Tramvainaya (1907)) during the period of active industrial development at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The article aims to identify trends in the pre-revolutionary industrial architecture of Moscow, as well as to supplement the history of architecture with new information about the architecture of power plants.The main advantage of the article is a comprehensive art history research of the power plants’ architecture, undertaken for the first time. The author compares the Russian practice with the design experience in Europe and the USA and examines the issues of historical modernizations and modern reconstructions of objects. There are applied the methods of comparative and typological analysis, as well as the art criticism method of stylistic analysis. The article establishes that there was a gradual transition from the “brick” style to the functional design method in industrial architecture: new buildings were characterized by a reduction in decor, the use of metal trusses, an increase in the area of glazing and its use as an expressive component. The results of the research show that, by the example of the first Russian power plants’ architecture, it is possible to trace the formation of industrial practices in the country and analyze the prerequisites of the GOELRO Plan, subsequently developed by the avant-garde architects. Nowadays, the power plants, being significant architectural monuments, remain an important part of the urban infrastructure, often acquiring a new format of life after revitalization: Raushskaya is the oldest operating plant in Russia, and Georgievskaya and Tramvainaya continue their existence as cultural spaces. The study of the heritage of industrial architecture helps to determine the historical and cultural value of the buildings around us, which is necessary for their preservation.
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Kane, Stephen R. „Surrounded by Giants: Habitable Zone Stability Within the HD 141399 System“. Astronomical Journal 166, Nr. 5 (10.10.2023): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acfb01.
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Abstract The search for exoplanets has revealed a diversity of planetary system architectures, the vast majority of which diverge significantly from the template of the solar system. In particular, giant planets beyond the snow line are relatively rare, especially for low-mass stars, placing the solar system within a small category of systems with multiple giant planets at large separations. An exoplanetary system of note is that of HD 141399, consisting of a K-dwarf host star that harbors four giant planets with separations extending to ∼4.5 au. The architecture of the system creates a complex pattern of mean motion resonances and gravitationally perturbed regions that may exclude the presence of other planets, including within the habitable zone of the system. Here, we present the results of dynamical simulations that explore the interaction of the known planets of the system, their apsidal trajectories, resonance locations, and dynamical evolution. We further investigate the results of injecting Earth-mass planets and provide the regions of dynamical viability within the habitable zone where terrestrial planets may maintain long-term stability. We discuss these results in the context of the importance of giant planets for volatile delivery and planetary habitability considerations.
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Bourrier, V., O. Attia, M. Mallonn, A. Marret, M. Lendl, P. C. Konig, A. Krenn et al. „DREAM“. Astronomy & Astrophysics 669 (Januar 2023): A63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245004.
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The distribution of close-in exoplanets is shaped by a complex interplay between atmospheric and dynamical processes. The Desert-Rim Exoplanets Atmosphere and Migration (DREAM) program aims at disentangling those processes through the study of the hot Neptune desert, whose rim hosts planets that are undergoing, or survived, atmospheric evaporation and orbital migration. In this first paper, we use the Rossiter-McLaughlin revolutions (RMR) technique to investigate the orbital architecture of 14 close-in planets ranging from mini-Neptune to Jupiter-size and covering a broad range of orbital distances. While no signal is detected for the two smallest planets, we were able to constrain the sky-projected spin-orbit angle of six planets for the first time, to revise its value for six others, and, thanks to constraints on the stellar inclination, to derive the 3D orbital architecture in seven systems. These results reveal a striking three-quarters of polar orbits in our sample, all being systems with a single close-in planet but of various stellar and planetary types. High-eccentricity migration is favored to explain such orbits for several evaporating warm Neptunes, supporting the role of late migration in shaping the desert and populating its rim. Putting our measurements in the wider context of the close-in planet population will be useful to investigate the various processes shaping their architectures.
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Kane, Stephen R. „The Dynamical Consequences of a Super-Earth in the Solar System“. Planetary Science Journal 4, Nr. 2 (01.02.2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/acbb6b.
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Abstract Placing the architecture of the solar system within the broader context of planetary architectures is one of the primary topics of interest within planetary science. Exoplanet discoveries have revealed a large range of system architectures, many of which differ substantially from the solar system’s model. One particular feature of exoplanet demographics is the relative prevalence of super-Earth planets, for which the solar system lacks a suitable analog, presenting a challenge to modeling their interiors and atmospheres. Here we present the results of a large suite of dynamical simulations that insert a hypothetical planet in the mass range 1–10 M ⊕ within the semimajor axis range 2–4 au, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. We show that, although the system dynamics remain largely unaffected when the additional planet is placed near 3 au, Mercury experiences substantial instability when the additional planet lies in the range 3.1–4.0 au, and perturbations to the Martian orbit primarily result when the additional planet lies in the range 2.0–2.7 au. We further show that, although Jupiter and Saturn experience relatively small orbital perturbations, the angular momentum transferred to the ice giants can result in their ejection from the system at key resonance locations of the additional planet. We discuss the implications of these results for the architecture of the inner and outer solar system planets, and for exoplanetary systems.
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Malewczyk, Michał, und Piotr Czyż. „Features of irregularity in examples of Polish multi-family architecture constructed in 2011–2021 and nominated for the Mies van der Rohe award“. Technical Transactions 2022, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37705/techtrans/e2022009.
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This article is devoted to the analysis of contemporary Polish multi-family architecture in the context of aesthetic irregularity. The research was limited to constructions from 2011–2021 and nominated for the Mies van der Rohe award as the objects with the greatest potential impact on shaping further trends. In their research, the authors focused on searching for the features of irregularities, which, in their opinion, have become a distinguishing feature of contemporary architectural aesthetics. The analyses in this study refer to three planes of the aesthetic dimension of architecture, namely the form, facade composition and material.
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Aisha, Adel Easa Saad Abo, und Mehmet Çetin. „Determination of Boron for Indoor Architecture Plants Used in Indoor Architectural Designs“. Scientific Research Communications 3, Nr. 2 (31.07.2023): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/src.2023.007.
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Air pollution has become a global problem that affects the health of millions of people every year. Among the air pollutants, heavy metals are particularly infamous as they tend to bioaccumulate, can be toxic to human health even at low concentrations, and that even those that are necessary for living things as nutrients can be harmful at high concentrations. Boron (B), a microelement, is both extremely dangerous and important for human health, as it can cause toxic effects when used more or less. As with other heavy metals, the ingestion of B through the respiratory tract is extremely harmful to health. It is very important to monitor the change of B concentration in the air and reduce the pollution level. In order to contribute to the studies in this field, the change of B concentrations in some indoor plants grown in controlled, smoking and traffic environments was determined within the scope of this study. The results of the study showed that camel sole, diphenbahya, drasena, chiefera and yukka species are quite suitable for monitoring the change of B concentrations in the air. It has been determined that the most suitable species that can be used to reduce B pollution in the air are rubber and spatiphyllium.
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Durigon, Angelica, Jochem Evers, Klaas Metselaar und Quirijn de Jong van Lier. „Water Stress Permanently Alters Shoot Architecture in Common Bean Plants“. Agronomy 9, Nr. 3 (26.03.2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9030160.
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The effects of water stress on crop yield through modifications of plant architecture are vital to crop performance such as common bean plants. To assess the extent of this effect, an outdoor experiment was conducted in which common bean plants received five treatments: fully irrigated, and irrigation deficits of 30% and 50% applied in flowering or pod formation stages onwards. Evapotranspiration, number and length of pods, shoot biomass, grain yield and harvest index were assessed, and architectural traits (length and thickness of internodes, length of petioles and petiolules, length and width of leaflet blades and angles) were recorded and analyzed using regression models. The highest irrigation deficit in the flowering stage had the most pronounced effect on plant architecture. Stressed plants were shorter, leaves were smaller and pointing downward, indicating that plants permanently altered their exposure to sunlight. The combined effect of irrigation deficit and less exposure to light lead to shorter pods, less shoot biomass and lower grain yield. Fitted empirical models between water deficit and plant architecture can be included in architectural simulation models to quantify plant light interception under water stress, which, in turn, can supply crop models adding a second order of water stress effects on crop yield simulation.
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Gifford, Miriam L., Guohua Xu, Lionel X. Dupuy, Kris Vissenberg und Greg Rebetzke. „Root architecture and rhizosphere–microbe interactions“. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, Nr. 2 (08.01.2024): 503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erad488.
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Abstract Plant roots fulfil crucial tasks during a plant’s life. As roots encounter very diverse conditions while exploring the soil for resources, their growth and development must be responsive to changes in the rhizosphere, resulting in root architectures that are tailor-made for all prevailing circumstances. Using multi-disciplinary approaches, we are gaining more intricate insights into the regulatory mechanisms directing root system architecture. This Special Issue provides insights into our advancement of knowledge on different aspects of root development and identifies opportunities for future research.
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Adibekyan, V., N. C. Santos, O. D. S. Demangeon, J. P. Faria, S. C. C. Barros, M. Oshagh, P. Figueira et al. „Stellar clustering and orbital architecture of planetary systems“. Astronomy & Astrophysics 649 (Mai 2021): A111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202040201.
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Context. Revealing the mechanisms shaping the architecture of planetary systems is crucial for our understanding of their formation and evolution. In this context, it has been recently proposed that stellar clustering might be the key in shaping the orbital architecture of exoplanets. Aims. The main goal of this work is to explore the factors that shape the orbits of planets. Methods. We performed different statistical tests to compare the properties of planets and their host stars associated with different stellar environments. Results. We used a homogeneous sample of relatively young FGK dwarf stars with radial velocity detected planets and tested the hypothesis that their association to phase space (position-velocity) over-densities (“cluster” stars) and under-densities (“field” stars) impacts the orbital periods of planets. When controlling for the host star properties on a sample of 52 planets orbiting around cluster stars and 15 planets orbiting around field stars, we found no significant difference in the period distribution of planets orbiting these two populations of stars. By considering an extended sample of 73 planets orbiting around cluster stars and 25 planets orbiting field stars, a significant difference in the planetary period distributions emerged. However, the hosts associated with stellar under-densities appeared to be significantly older than their cluster counterparts. This does not allow us to conclude as to whether the planetary architecture is related to age, environment, or both. We further studied a sample of planets orbiting cluster stars to study the mechanism responsible for the shaping of orbits of planets in similar environments. We could not identify a parameter that can unambiguously be responsible for the orbital architecture of massive planets, perhaps, indicating the complexity of the issue. Conclusions. An increased number of planets in clusters and in over-density environments will help to build large and unbiased samples which will then allow to better understand the dominant processes shaping the orbits of planets.
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Karjadi, Daniel Avian, Erick Dazki und Richardus Eko Indrajit. „Proposed Enterprise Architecture design for Agroforestry and Ecotourism towards Industry 4.0“. JATISI (Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi) 9, Nr. 2 (09.06.2022): 1013–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35957/jatisi.v9i2.1279.
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Management of forest resources can generate income for individuals or companies including agroforestry and ecotourism. In times of a pandemic like recent times, the application of technology with the Industry 4.0 framework is needed the most and is no longer a privilege. However, the implementation of Industry 4.0 technology requires large investment or cost so that a collaborative ecosystem is required from several stakeholders such as forest planter, crop planters, livestock and ecotourism business actors with suppliers, customers and policy makers. In its application, even for Information Technology (IT) system in general, the use of Enterprise Architecture is a mediator between business language and IT language. With all of that background and a literature study approach, this research will propose an Enterprise Architecture design with an Industry 4.0 framework in the agroforestry industry and ecotourism that can be used together to form an integrated ecosystem from various stakeholders, both for companies of various scales and small farmers if supported by the government or a larger company for better efficiency and common interests.
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Dietrich, Jeremy, Dániel Apai und Renu Malhotra. „An Integrative Analysis of the HD 219134 Planetary System and the Inner solar system: Extending DYNAMITE with Enhanced Orbital Dynamical Stability Criteria“. Astronomical Journal 163, Nr. 2 (25.01.2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac4166.
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Abstract Planetary architectures remain unexplored for the vast majority of exoplanetary systems, even among the closest ones, with potentially hundreds of planets still “hidden” from our knowledge. Dynamite is a powerful software package that can predict the presence and properties of these yet-undiscovered planets. We have significantly expanded the integrative capabilities of Dynamite, which now allows for (i) planets of unknown inclinations alongside planets of known inclinations, (ii) population statistics and model distributions for the eccentricity of planetary orbits, and (iii) three different dynamical stability criteria. We demonstrate the new capabilities with a study of the HD 219134 exoplanet system consisting of four confirmed planets and two likely candidates, where five of the likely planets and candiates are Neptune-sized or below with orbital periods less than 100 days. By integrating the known data for the HD 219134 planetary system with contextual and statistical exoplanet population information, we tested different system architecture hypotheses to determine their likely dynamical stability. Our results provide support for the planet candidates, and we predict at least two additional planets in this system. We also deploy Dynamite on analogs of the inner solar system by excluding Venus or Earth from the input parameters to test Dynamite's predictive power. Our analysis finds that the system remains stable while also recovering the excluded planets, demonstrating the increasing capability of Dynamite to accurately and precisely model the parameters of additional planets in multiplanet systems.
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Grietena, Aija. „Interaction of landscape and indoor space in architecture of Roja open-air stage / summer concert hall“. Landscape architecture and art 19, Nr. 19 (30.12.2021): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2021.19.10.
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In the art of environmental design, architecture, landscape architecture and interiors need to be balanced through interdisciplinary collaborative planning to enhance the psycho-emotional quality of environment, and in this respect, the study of the interaction of landscapes and indoor space through comparative analysis and inductive reference continue. Enclosed by evergreen Vacciniosa type of forest, the impressive building of the new Roja Stage / Summer Concert Hall has been standing proudly on the shores of the Gulf of Riga since 2019. The building actively contrasts with the surrounding landscape. The language of architectural forms in glass and concrete is geometrically sharp, saturated with broken lines and planes in contrast to the adjacent natural landscape, pine forest. The specific detailed case study underlines the importance of balanced interdisciplinary collaboration in harmonious interaction between architecture, landscape and indoor space.
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López, Marlén, Ramón Rubio, Santiago Martín und Ben Croxford. „How plants inspire façades. From plants to architecture: Biomimetic principles for the development of adaptive architectural envelopes“. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 67 (Januar 2017): 692–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.018.
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Childs, Anna C., Rebecca G. Martin und Mario Livio. „Life on Exoplanets in the Habitable Zone of M Dwarfs?“ Astrophysical Journal Letters 937, Nr. 2 (01.10.2022): L42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac9052.
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Abstract Exoplanets orbiting in the habitable zone around M dwarf stars have been prime targets in the search for life due to the long lifetimes of the host star, the prominence of such stars in the galaxy, and the apparent excess of terrestrial planets found around M dwarfs. However, the heightened stellar activity of M dwarfs and the often tidally locked planets in these systems have raised questions about the habitability of these planets. In this Letter we examine another significant challenge that may exist: these systems seem to lack the architecture necessary to deliver asteroids to the habitable terrestrial planets, and asteroid impacts may play a crucial role in the origin of life. The most widely accepted mechanism for producing a stable asteroid belt and the late-stage delivery of asteroids after gas disk dissipation requires a giant planet exterior to the snow-line radius. We show that none of the observed systems with planets in the habitable zone of their star also contain a giant planet and therefore are unlikely to have stable asteroid belts. We consider the locations of observed giant planets relative to the snow-line radius as a function of stellar mass and find that there is a population of giant planets outside of the snow-line radius around M dwarfs. Therefore, asteroid belt formation around M dwarfs is generally possible. However, we find that multiplanetary system architectures around M dwarfs can be quite different from those around more massive stars.
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Vartanyan, Arevshad, Artur Vartanyan, H. Tokmajyan und V. Tokmajyan. „Architectural insight to complex information systems of management of agricultural enterprises dealing with innovative cultivation of plants“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, Nr. 2 (01.09.2021): 022024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/2/022024.
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Abstract The cost price and viability of plants grown by agricultural enterprises depend not only on their biological characteristics, but also on the environment, which provides them with water, air and nutrients in addition to light and heat. Moreover, water is the most important factor in the yield of cultivated crops, which determines all vital and technological processes in plants, the quantity and quality of the crop etc. The increase of the viability and quality of plants can be ensured by monitoring and controlling both the growing process of a plant and the environment, fertilizers and irrigation water applied into the soil. Designing an informative solution for an agricultural enterprise within the framework of an architectural approach is based on the architectures of databases, applications and communications subordinate to the architecture of the business and is supported by modern IT: data processing centers, transmission channels and application systems. Such solutions will allow monitoring the acidity, temperature and moisture content of the soil, which, for example, can be increased with the help of technological innovation - polymer-mineral material (PMM) introduced into the soil. PMM accumulates water, improves productivity and plant vitality and saves resources.
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Karimzadeh, Morteza, Hans van den Berg, Ricardo de O. Schmidt und Aiko Pras. „Quantitative Comparison of the Efficiency and Scalability of the Current and Future LTE Network Architectures“. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3938545.
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The core architecture of current mobile networks does not scale well to cope with future traffic demands owing to its highly centralized composition. Typically, it is believed that decentralization of the network architecture would be a sustainable approach to deal with ever growing amount of mobile data traffic. Nevertheless, the decentralization strategy of network architecture has not been properly examined through quantitative performance studies. Given that LTE will be the leading mobile networking technology in the coming 5–10 years, we conduct a hybrid study model to compare performance of current and future (decentralized) LTE network architectures. Particularly, our analysis presents numerical results quantifying impact of the number of attached nodes on the load at network routers and links, on the latency, and on the processing cost of the user’s data and control planes. Analytical results demonstrate that decentralization of the LTE network architecture achieves higher performance compared to the current architecture and improves the latency and cost of data packet delivery more than 10 and 6 times, respectively. Furthermore, it is also observed that GTP outperforms PMIP for all studied performance metrics in the decentralized architecture and provides about twofold better latency and cost for data packet delivery and roughly 6 times lower data traffic load on the network routers.
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Rosalina, Novia. „MODEL ARSITEKTUR POHON KAWASAN JALUR HIJAU DI KECAMATAN CICALENGKA KABUPATEN BANDUNG“. Wanamukti: Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan 22, Nr. 1 (10.11.2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/wanamukti.v22i1.328.
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The existence of green line is very important for people's lives, because being planted in this area is very useful for reducing urban pollution that is built from vehicles and factories equipped with gas containing solid particles. One of component for green line is tree, because it’s have branching that’s reducing urban pollution. The branching architecture is a morphological representation of a particular phase of a series of tree growth series, real and observable at all times. The object of research is a tree census was carried out on Jl. National II / Jl. Bypass of the Cicalengka green line area then describe of model architecture. The method of research by sensus for numbering species of tree and identify of tree architecture model using book by F. Halle & R.A.A. Oldeman, namely: An Essay on The Architecture and Dynamics of Growth of Tropical Trees. The results of reseach are 946 trees that grow on Jl. Nasional III in the Cicalengka green line area. There are 15 tree species found 4 tree architectural models namely troll, rauh, aubreville, and champagnat.
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Xu 许, Wenrui 文睿, und Songhu Wang. „Earths Are Not Super-Earths, Saturns Are Not Jupiters: Imprints of Pressure-bump Planet Formation on Planetary Architectures“. Astrophysical Journal Letters 962, Nr. 1 (01.02.2024): L4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad1ee1.
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Abstract In protoplanetary disks, sufficiently massive planets excite pressure bumps, which can then be preferred locations for forming new planet cores. We discuss how this loop may affect the architecture of multiplanet systems and compare our predictions with observations. Our main prediction is that low-mass planets and giant planets can each be divided into two subpopulations with different levels of mass uniformity. Low-mass planets that can and cannot reach the pebble isolation mass (the minimum mass required to produce a pressure bump) develop into intra-system similarity “super-Earths” and more diverse “Earths,” respectively. Gas giants that do and do not accrete envelopes quickly develop into similar “Jupiters” and more diverse “Saturns,” respectively. Super-Earths prefer to form long chains via repeated pressure-bump planet formation, while Jupiter formation is usually terminated at pairs or triplets due to dynamical instability. These predictions are broadly consistent with observations. In particular, we discover a previously overlooked mass uniformity dichotomy among the observed populations of both low-mass planets (Earths versus super-Earths) and gas giants (Saturns versus Jupiters). For low-mass planets, planets well below the pebble isolation mass (≲3 M ⊕ or ≲1.5 R ⊕ for Sun-like stars) show significantly higher intra-system pairwise mass differences than planets around the pebble isolation mass. For gas giants, the period ratios of intra-system pairs show a bimodal distribution, which can be interpreted as two subpopulations with different levels of mass uniformity. These findings suggest that pressure-bump planet formation could be an important ingredient in shaping planetary architectures.
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Cordova, Rodrygo T., Paulo R. L. Gondim, Jaime Lloret und Jose M. Jimenez. „Experimental Evaluation of a SDN-DMM Architecture“. Network Protocols and Algorithms 10, Nr. 2 (28.06.2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/npa.v10i2.13193.
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Mobility management has become a great challenge due to the exponential growth in the number of devices that can connect to home or visited networks, and the need for providing seamless mobility in future generation networks. SDN-DMM (Software Defined Network Architecture for Distributed Mobility Management) architecture has been proposed [11], allowing to separate control and data planes, for the distributed mobility management through bidirectional IP flows. This article reports on aspects related to the implementation of SDN-DMM, conducted with metrics as packet loss, throughput and handover latency, considered in a comparison involving traditional routing and SDN-DMM. The results show the SDN approach not only provides the intrinsic benefits of SDN in comparison with traditional architectures, but also deals with the distributed mode of mobility management in heterogeneous access networks in a simplified and efficient way.
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S.Pd., M.Kom., Rahmad Fauzi. „IMPLEMENTASI JARINGAN SARAF TIRUAN DENGAN METODE BACKPROPAGATION TERHADAP BIBIT TANAMAN KARET“. JURNAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT 1, Nr. 1 (25.10.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.37081/ed.v1i1.104.
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Availability of seeds is one of the critical success factors of increasing the productivity of rubber plantations, the empirical use of seeds as one component technology has made a great contribution in increasing the productivity of rubber plantations. To obtain plant materials of good quality, it is worth noting the procurement process as well as the quality standards of seeds produced, if all quality standards at every election seedlings to be planted, it is certain that the results will be planted in accordance with what had been planned as long as it is balanced with proper maintenance based technical. Artificial Neural Networks can be used to obtain information about the quality of rubber seedlings by using Backpropagation, observations and measurements of rubber seed 51 seeds were used as a sample, of 50 rubber seed of the 35 samples used as training data and 16 samples as test data, observations done by looking at the characteristics of rubber seed color, reflectivity, results marinade, long beans, broad beans and thick seeds. From the results of the training conducted by Artificial Neural Networks as many as 35 sample data by using architecture patterns 6 15 1 obtained accuracy rate of 94.29%, which means that the artificial neural network has been able to identify the quality of the rubber plant seeds, to prove the results of the training testing using a sample of 16 pieces of new data that has not been trained before, the test results showed the accuracy rate of 100%, of the test results can be concluded that the application of Artificial Neural Networks to identify quality rubber seedlings with architectural 6 15 1 more accurate compared to other architectures
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Howe, A. Scott. „Architecture For Other Planets“. Architectural Design 84, Nr. 6 (November 2014): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.1830.
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Atger, Claire, und Claude Edelin. „Premières données sur l'architecture comparée des systèmes racinaires et caulinaires“. Canadian Journal of Botany 72, Nr. 7 (01.07.1994): 963–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-122.
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Since 1970, the architectural analysis of woody plants has given much information about structural and functional organization of tree crowns, their development, and reiteration patterns. In this study, we have extended this method to tree root systems. We describe the whole architecture of three species and we compare their root system and crown architectural patterns. Key words: architecture, tree, root system, crown, whole plant.
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HESLOPHARRISON, J. „Nuclear architecture in plants“. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 2, Nr. 6 (1992): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80115-7.
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Heslop-Harrison, J. S. (Pat). „Nuclear architecture in plants“. Current Biology 2, Nr. 12 (Dezember 1992): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-9822(92)90125-t.
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Heslop-Harrison, J. S., und M. D. Bennett. „Nuclear architecture in plants“. Trends in Genetics 6 (1990): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(90)90300-u.
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Tomlinson, P. B. „Architecture of Tropical Plants“. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18, Nr. 1 (November 1987): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.000245.
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Le, Nam Tuan, Mohammad Arif Hossain, Amirul Islam, Do-yun Kim, Young-June Choi und Yeong Min Jang. „Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks“. Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2676589.
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As an enhancement of cellular networks, the future-generation 5G network can be considered an ultra-high-speed technology. The proposed 5G network might include all types of advanced dominant technologies to provide remarkable services. Consequently, new architectures and service management schemes for different applications of the emerging technologies need to be recommended to solve issues related to data traffic capacity, high data rate, and reliability for ensuring QoS. Cloud computing, Internet of things (IoT), and software-defined networking (SDN) have become some of the core technologies for the 5G network. Cloud-based services provide flexible and efficient solutions for information and communications technology by reducing the cost of investing in and managing information technology infrastructure. In terms of functionality, SDN is a promising architecture that decouples control planes and data planes to support programmability, adaptability, and flexibility in ever-changing network architectures. However, IoT combines cloud computing and SDN to achieve greater productivity for evolving technologies in 5G by facilitating interaction between the physical and human world. The major objective of this study provides a lawless vision on comprehensive works related to enabling technologies for the next generation of mobile systems and networks, mainly focusing on 5G mobile communications.
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Hayaty, Mardhiya, und Timur Haryo Mahissanular. „Detecting Pests and Diseases in Plants Using Efficient Network“. Lontar Komputer : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi 14, Nr. 2 (30.08.2023): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/lkjiti.2023.v14.i02.p01.
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The agricultural sector in Indonesia is still faced with low agrarian production caused by pests and diseases. Therefore, agricultural land that is still vulnerable to pests but can detect the development of pest attacks must be designed. This study uses the PlantVillage dataset. The dataset will go through the preprocessing stage for dimension adjustment, and then the result will be used for building the network. The results are evaluated using a confusion matrix and showed that the convolutional neural network performs well in image processing and obtains architectural optimization in its field. The method we propose is an Efficient Network by selecting the correct input size. Implementing an Efficient Network in the convolutional neural network architecture increases its F1-score to 93%, indicating that Efficient Network has a higher F1-Score than the baseline convolution neural network. Implementing this network architecture can quickly increase the CNN baseline to a more varied target resource while maintaining the efficiency of the resulting model.
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Coutinho, Bárbara. „Why Preserve Modern Now?“ Designing Modern Life, Nr. 46 (2012): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/46.a.rnq217bp.
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Coming to design in a natural development from architectural practice, Le Corbusier considered design not as a sum or addition to architecture. Its existence decisively constructed and modulated interior space, as light and shadows, materials or planes. From that belief, he quests the perfect and ideal form that asserts itself as a model of universal validity, arriving at three different furniture types: type–needs, type–furniture and human limb objects. Consequently, together with Charlotte Perriand and Pierre Jeanneret, in 1928 he drew the prototype of the Grand Confort armchair, presented the following year at the Salon d’Automne in Paris.
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Raimi, C. O., W. A. Oyelade und A. O. Alao. „Histology of juvenile African giant catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed Morinda lucida (Oruwo leaf)“. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, Nr. 6 (18.01.2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i6.3326.
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Medicinal plants have been widely accepted as feed additives to enhance feed utilization and aquaculture production performance and sustainability. Expensive feeds have marginalized or even nullify the profitability of fish farming production, consequently lowering yield in terms of quality and quantity. Acute toxicity tests using aqueous extracts of Morindalucida on juvenile Clariasgariepinuswere conducted in a static bioassay inside plastic tanks for 8 weeks feeding trial. They were fed five dietary treatments of 0% (controls), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% Morinda inclusion and each treatment was replicated thrice. For each test, 10 juveniles Clariasgariepinuswere used in each plastic tank. The responses exhibited by the fishsubjected to the toxicant include erratic swimming, loss of reflex, colour change, weakened motion and vertical swimming. These were enhanced by the increase in concentration of the toxicant and the duration of exposure. Significant (P<0.05) higher mortality was recorded in fish fed with T5 (100% Morindalucida) inclusion. Histological changes occurred in the gills and liver of the fish in the definitive test as gill alterations (hydropic degeneration of the gill rays, degeneration of the gill lamellae and necrosis) which were usually related to gills function disorders. Liver shows hepato-cellular architecture, hydropic degeneration, vacuolation of the liver cells and spaces within the cell protoplasm filled with fluid.
Les plantes médicinales ont été largement acceptées comme additifs alimentaires pour améliorer l'utilisation des aliments et les performances et la durabilité de la production aquacole. Les aliments coûteux ont marginalisé voire anéanti la rentabilité de la production piscicole, diminuant par conséquent les rendements en termes de qualité et de quantité. Des tests de toxicité aiguë utilisant des extraits aqueux de Morindalucida sur des jeunes Clarias gariepinus ont été menés dans un essai biologique statique à l'intérieur de réservoirs en plastique pendant 8 semaines d'essai d'alimentation. Ils ont reçu cinq traitements diététiques de 0 % (témoins), 25 %, 50 %, 75 % et 100 % d'inclusion de Morinda et chaque traitement a été répété trois fois. Pour chaque test, 10 juvéniles de Clarias gariepinus ont été utilisés dans chaque bac en plastique. Les réponses présentées par les poissons soumis à la substance toxique comprennent une nage erratique, une perte de réflexe, un changement de couleur, un mouvement affaibli et une nage verticale. Celles-ci ont été renforcées par l'augmentation de la concentration du toxique et de la durée d'exposition. Une mortalité significativement plus élevée (P<0,05) a été enregistrée chez les poissons nourris avec une inclusion de T5 (100% Morindalucida). Des modifications histologiques se sont produites dans les branchies et le foie des poissons dans le test définitif sous forme d'altérations des branchies (dégénérescence hydropique des rayons branchiaux, dégénérescence des lamelles branchiales et nécrose) qui étaient généralement liées à des troubles de la fonction branchiale. Le foie montre une architecture hépato-cellulaire, une dégénérescence hydropique, une vacuolisation des cellules hépatiques et des espaces dans le protoplasme cellulaire remplis de liquide.
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Maire, Anne-Lise, Laetitia Delrez, Francisco J. Pozuelos, Juliette Becker, Nestor Espinoza, Jorge Lillo-Box, Alexandre Revol et al. „Workshop Summary: Exoplanet Orbits and Dynamics“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 135, Nr. 1052 (01.10.2023): 106001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/acff88.
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Abstract Exoplanetary systems show a wide variety of architectures, which can be explained by different formation and dynamical evolution processes. Precise orbital monitoring is mandatory to accurately constrain their orbital and dynamical parameters. Although major observational and theoretical advances have been made in understanding the architecture and dynamical properties of exoplanetary systems, many outstanding questions remain. This paper aims to give a brief review of a few current challenges in orbital and dynamical studies of exoplanetary systems and a few future prospects for improving our knowledge. Joint data analyses from several techniques are providing precise measurements of orbits and masses for a growing sample of exoplanetary systems, both with close-in orbits and with wide orbits, as well as different evolutionary stages. The sample of young planets detected around stars with circumstellar disks is also growing, allowing for simultaneous studies of planets and their birthplace environments. These analyses will expand with ongoing and future facilities from both ground and space, allowing for detailed tests of formation, evolution, and atmospheric models of exoplanets. Moreover, these detailed analyses may offer the possibility of finding missing components of exoplanetary systems, such as exomoons, or even finding new exotic configurations such as co-orbital planets. In addition to unveiling the architecture of planetary systems, precise measurements of orbital parameters and stellar properties—in combination with more realistic models for tidal interactions and the integration of such models in N-body codes—will improve the inference of the past history of mature exoplanetary systems in close-in orbits. These improvements will allow a better understanding of planetary formation and evolution, placing the solar system in context.
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Tafahomi, Rahman, und Reihaneh Nadi. „The Interpretation of Graphical Features Applied to Mapping SWOT by the Architecture Students in the Design Studio“. Journal of Design Studio 3, Nr. 2 (31.12.2021): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46474/jds.1019310.
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The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of how the architecture students deploy a range of graphical features to visualize SWOT, standing for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Architectural design studios provide students with a range of analytical techniques, and SWOT analysis is considered to be useful and effective, particularly at urban-scale design projects. However, it is a text-based framework and needs to be converted to thematic analysis maps across architecture and design fields. The main issue is that the determining factors affecting the way in which students choose graphical features to map the outputs of SWOT analysis is unclear at architectural design studios. The research employed qualitative methods, specifically observation, focus group, and graphical analysis, to examine SWOT maps produced by the architecture students. The findings demonstrated that the selection of graphical features in the process of producing SWOT analysis maps are dependent on scale of study (macro, meso, and micro), as well as location, spatial connection, and size of elements derived from SWOT matrix. For instance, lines and planes were most frequent features at macro level while the variety of symbols remarkably increased at micro level. In conclusion, the students personalized the process of mapping, meaning that they applied point, line, plane (shape), color, texture, and typography in several different ways. Therefore, SWOT analysis not only help architecture students to better understand the problems of their design projects, organize and consolidate information, and visualize opportunities and constraints, but could lead to the representation of realistic solutions in an innovative way.
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Rosellini, Anna. „Principi della didattica di Mies nei progetti di Brenner, Jansone e Lippert per un museo d’arte“. Opus Incertum 9 (13.12.2023): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/opus-14843.
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When Mies began teaching at the Armour Institute, he defined a programme that would make technical and industrial developments in the United States problematic and theoretical. Some of the exercises concerned the relationship between painting, sculpture and architecture, and were transformed into museum projects. In the paper, the projects for exhibition spaces drawn up by Brenner, Jansone and Lippert for the Master of Science in Architecture are analysed from archive documents. The spatial, structural and material characteristics of these projects are reconstructed, as are their relationships to the programmes of the Department of Architecture, the design processes suggested by Mies, Le Corbusier’s projects for museums, and the Museum for a Small City designed by Mies together with Danforth. The theses of Brenner, Jansone and Lippert, united by the choice of a museum system that transfigured Le Corbusier’s model in the light of Mies’s vision, appear to be decisive documents not only for understanding the Department of Architecture’s didactic orientations, but also for accessing Mies’s unspeakable art of tracing and arranging lines and planes in space.
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Arts, T., K. D. Costa, J. W. Covell und A. D. McCulloch. „Relating myocardial laminar architecture to shear strain and muscle fiber orientation“. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, Nr. 5 (01.05.2001): H2222—H2229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.5.h2222.
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Cardiac myofibers are organized into laminar sheets about four cells thick. Recently, it has been suggested that these layers coincide with the plane of maximum shear during systole. In general, there are two such planes, which are oriented at ±45° to the main principal strain axes. These planes do not necessarily contain the fiber axis. In the present study, we explicitly added the constraint that the sheet planes should also contain the muscle fiber axis. In a mathematical analysis of previously measured three-dimensional transmural systolic strain distributions in six dogs, we computed the planes of maximum shear, adding the latter constraint by using the also-measured muscle fiber axis. Generally, for such planes two solutions were found, suggesting that two populations of sheet orientation may exist. The angles at which the predicted sheets intersected transmural tissue slices, cut along left ventricular short- or long-axis planes, were strikingly similar to experimentally measured values. In conclusion, sheets coincide with planes of maximum systolic shear subject to the constraint that the muscle fiber axis is contained in this plane. Sheet orientation is not a unique function of the transmural location but occurs in two distinct populations.
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Nölke, Isabelle, Bettina Tonn und Johannes Isselstein. „Seasonal plasticity is more important than population variability in effects on white clover architecture and productivity“. Annals of Botany 128, Nr. 1 (13.03.2021): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab040.
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Abstract Background and Aims The drivers of white clover (Trifolium repens) architecture and productivity are still imperfectly understood. Our aim here was to investigate the impact of genetic background, neighbourhood and season on different architectural traits, clover and total biomass yield, as well as the relationship between those traits and yield. Methods We grew eight white clover populations in pure stands and in mixed stands with contrasting mixture partners. Over four consecutive regrowth periods within 1 year, we measured trait sizes and determined clover and total yield amounts. Key Results The size of the architectural traits differed between populations and changed in response to neighbourhood and season. Population did not affect the sign or degree of those changes. Among the tested factors, season was by far the most important driver of white clover architecture, with the seasonal pattern notably differing between architectural traits. Clover and total yield were positively related to the architectural traits leaf area, petiole length, internode length and specific leaf area. Whereas the direction of the relationship was widely unaffected, its magnitude was clearly altered by neighbourhood and season. Conclusions Our results show that seasonal effects are the key for a deeper understanding of the architecture of white clover individuals and to improve the productivity of white clover communities.
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Perryman, Michael. „The Origin of the Architecture of the Solar System“. European Review 20, Nr. 2 (30.03.2012): 276–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798711000494.
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This article relates two topics of central importance in modern astronomy – the discovery some 15 years ago of the first planets around other stars (referred to as exoplanets), and the centuries-old problem of understanding the origin of our own solar system, with its planets, planetary satellites, asteroids, and comets. The surprising diversity of exoplanets, of which more than 500 have already been discovered, has required new models to explain their formation and evolution. In turn, these models explain, rather naturally, a number of important features of our own solar system, amongst them the masses and orbits of the ‘terrestrial’ and ‘gas giant’ planets, the presence and distribution of asteroids and comets, the origin and impact cratering of the Moon, and the existence of water on Earth.
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Wang, Shijie, Kazuhiro D. Kanagawa und Yasushi Suto. „Architecture of Planetary Systems Predicted from Protoplanetary Disks Observed with ALMA. I. Mass of the Possible Planets Embedded in the Dust Gap“. Astrophysical Journal 923, Nr. 2 (01.12.2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2d95.
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Abstract Recent ALMA observations have identified a variety of dust gaps in protoplanetary disks, which are commonly interpreted to be generated by unobserved planets. Predicting mass of such embedded planets is of fundamental importance in comparing those disk architectures with the observed diversity of exoplanets. The prediction, however, depends on the assumption that whether the same gap structure exists in the dust component alone or in the gas component as well. We assume a planet can only open a gap in the gas component when its mass exceeds the pebble isolation mass by considering the core-accretion scenario. We then propose two criteria to distinguish if a gap is opened in the dust disk alone or the gas gap as well when observation data on the gas profile is not available. We apply the criteria to 35 disk systems with a total of 55 gaps compiled from previous studies and classify each gap into four different groups. The classification of the observed gaps allows us to predict the mass of embedded planets in a consistent manner with the pebble isolation mass. We find that outer gaps are mostly dust alone, while inner gaps are more likely to be associated with a gas gap as well. The distribution of such embedded planets is very different from the architecture of the observed planetary systems, suggesting that significant inward migration is required in their evolution.
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Seo, Min Ho, Shin Chan Kang, Kyeong Mi Kim, Min Seok Kwak, Jihoon Jo, Han-Gu Choi, Ga Hun Boo und Hwan Su Yoon. „Novel rearrangements in the mitochondrial genomes of the Ceramiales (Rhodophyta) and evolutionary implications“. Algae 38, Nr. 4 (15.12.2023): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4490/algae.2023.38.12.2.
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The Ceramiales is the most diverse and species-rich group (2,669 spp.) of red algae, and it is widely distributed from tropical to polar oceans. Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) and other genes have contributed to our knowledge regarding the classification and phylogeny of this diverse red algal group; however, the mitogenome architecture remains understudied. Here, we compared 42 mitogenomes, including 19 newly generated in this study, to expand our knowledge. The number of genes in mitogenome varied from 43 to 68 due to gene duplication. The mitogenome architecture was also variable, categorized into four types (A–D): type A = ancestral type with a basic composition; type B = those with inverse transpositions; type C = those with inverted duplications; and type D = those with both inversion and duplication. The palindromic and inverted repeats were consistently found in flanking regions of the rearrangement, especially near the <i>cob</i> and <i>nad</i>6 genes. The three rearranged mitogenome architectures (types B, C, D) are the first report of these in red algae. Phylogenetic analyses of 23 protein-coding genes supported the current familial classification of the Ceramiales, implying that the diversity of mitogenome architecture preceded the phylogenetic relationships. Our study suggests that palindromic and inverted repeats may drive mitogenome architectural variation.
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Kawamura, Koji, und Hiroshi Takeda. „Light environment and crown architecture of two temperate Vaccinium species: inherent growth rules versus degree of plasticity in light response“. Canadian Journal of Botany 80, Nr. 10 (01.10.2002): 1063–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-096.
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Light environment and crown architecture were investigated in two closely related species (deciduous Vaccinium hirtum and evergreen Vaccinium bracteatum) in a young and an old secondary forest. Light environment was determined by photographic estimation of light above ramets (30500 cm tall). Crown architecture was examined to determine the effects of ramet age and light level on several architectural traits. In the young secondary forest, both species were mainly found in large gaps. In the old secondary forest, V. bracteatum persisted in deep shade, whereas V. hirtum was concentrated in small gaps. Vaccinium hirtum had narrower crowns and thinner stems than V. bracteatum, indicating lower structural costs in V. hirtum. Older ramets had greater total shoot extension (only V. bracteatum) and shorter length of the current-year shoots (markedly so in V. hirtum) than younger ramets. In higher light levels, V. bracteatum had greater aboveground growth and higher leaf area indices, whereas V. hirtum had only greater flowering intensity. Architectural traits were highly correlated with ramet age in V. hirtum, whereas these were mainly affected by light in V. bracteatum, indicating higher architectural plasticity in the latter species. The differences in architecture and its plasticity can be relevant for the segregation of light habitats between the species.Key words: light environment, crown architecture, leaf display, morphological plasticity, current-year shoot.
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Soumoy, L., B. Thiébaut und I. Sérey. „Développement de quelques Fagaceae japonaises; germination, modèle architectural et systématique“. Canadian Journal of Botany 74, Nr. 8 (01.08.1996): 1248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-151.
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In European and American species of Fagaceae, the growth and the shape of axes can be different between seedlings and trees. Furthermore, in this family, a good connection appears between the architectural model and the genus, because oaks grow according to the Rauh model, chestnut trees according to the Massart model, and beeches according to the Troll model. By studying 13 other species from Japan with unknown architectural traits, we complete our knowledge on growth and morphology of Fagaceae. The architectural characters were described on seedlings 1- to 4-years-old grown in the open air, in an experimental field, and on trees of all ages grown in forests. The relationships in architecture between seedlings and trees and the systematic status of these species in the Fagaceae were analyzed. Keywords: Fagaceae, morphology, architecture, germination, systematic.