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1
Degnet, Mohammed B., Edwin van der Werf, Verina Ingram und Justus H. H. Wesseler. „Do Locals Have a Say? Community Experiences of Participation in Governing Forest Plantations in Tanzania“. Forests 11, Nr. 7 (20.07.2020): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11070782.
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As large-scale forest plantations expand in developing countries, concerns are rising about their relation to and integration with adjacent local communities. In developing countries with weak enforcement of property rights, private plantations are more likely than state-owned plantations to involve villagers in plantation’s activities in order to secure and guarantee their access to land and labor resources. Certification standards of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and adherence to responsible investment guidelines further strengthen this likelihood by requiring plantations to consult and engage local communities. Using household data from Tanzania, we assess households’ experiences with their participation in plantation activities by comparing the experiences of households in villages adjacent to private, FSC-certified plantations with those of households in villages adjacent to a non-certified, state-owned plantation. Our quantitative analyses show that households in the villages adjacent to the private, certified plantations are more likely to report to participate in plantation activities. Our results show that the certified plantations are more likely to respond to community complaints and grievances. We further find that male-headed households and households of plantation employees are more likely than female-headed households and households without plantation employees to participate in plantations’ activities. Our results imply that forest management certification can complement state policy approaches of sustainable forest management to enhance community participation in forest management.
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Setiawan, D., A. Nugraha, Muliani, D. Radiansah und N. O. Syamsiah. „Analysis of Local Forage and Income Over Feed Cost Under Ruminant and Palm Plantation Integrated System (SISKA) in West Kalimantan“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1341, Nr. 1 (01.05.2024): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1341/1/012027.
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Abstract Inter-plant forage found in oil palm plantations is a potential feed for ruminants. For this reason, special attention is needed to the availability and quality of the forage. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the potential of local forages in oil palm plantations in terms of the availability of forage types, botanical composition and income over feed cost. Data collection was carried out at smallholder oil palm plantations in Sengah Temila Sub-district, Landak Regency and company oil palm plantations in Kapuas Sub-district, Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan Province, starting from March to May 2023. The research was conducted using a survey in the form of interviews using questionnaires and field observations. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, linear model analysis and Duncan’s further test. The research results obtained 32 types of forage in the smallholder oil palm plantation area and 22 types of forage in the company’s oil palm plantation area. The botanical composition of forage in smallholder oil palm plantations is dominated by Paspalum conjugatum, while in corporate oil palm plantations, the botanical composition is dominated by Axonopus compressus. Smallholder oil palm plantation land was also dominated by Paspalum conjugatum Berg with an Important Value Index (IVI) value of 49.33%. In contrast, the company’s oil palm plantation’s land was dominated by Axonopus compressus, which mostly covered the land surface with an IVI value of 40.47%. The IOFC value of smallholder oil palm plantations is lower than company oil palm plantations. Smallholder oil palm plantations and company oil palm plantations in West Kalimantan have the potential to be developed as forage based on forage types, botanical composition and IOFC values, which are still profitable in both research locations.
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Ahmad, Mustaqeem, Indu Choudhary, Vikrant Jaryant und Sanjay Uniyal. „Vegetation and Soil Characteristics of Plantations in a Part of Western Himalaya“. Indian Journal of Forestry 37, Nr. 1 (01.03.2014): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2014-0s3e31.
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Recognizing the role of plantations in bioresource conservation, four plantations namely Department of Non-renewable Energy Sources (DNES), Eucalyptus, Rose, and Tea were surveyed and sampled in a part of Western Himalaya. Total of 96 plant species belonging to 52 families were recorded from the plantations. Poaceae, Asteraceae and Rosaceae were the dominant families while seven species namely Bidens pilosa, Clinopodium vulgare, Erigeron annuus, Euphorbia heterophylla, Eupatorium adenophorum, Oxalis corniculata, and Pouzolzia zeylanica were common to all the plantations. Maximum tree density was recorded in DNES plantation (36.63±28.10/100m2), while maximum shrub density was in Tea plantation (20.50±2.10/25 m2). Rose plantation, on the other hand, had the highest herb density (210.83±57.30/m2). Tree (2.547) and shrub diversity (2.382) was highest in DNES, while the herb diversity was highest (2.594) in Tea plantation. The pH of the soil from these plantations 4.37 in Tea plantation to 4.77 in Rose plantation. Amongst the four plantations, maximum similarity was between DNES and Eucalyptus plantations (22%) and added together the four plantations account for 3% of the Flora of Himachal Pradesh.
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Chen, Bangqian, Xiangming Xiao, Zhixiang Wu, Tin Yun, Weili Kou, Huichun Ye, Qinghuo Lin et al. „Identifying Establishment Year and Pre-Conversion Land Cover of Rubber Plantations on Hainan Island, China Using Landsat Data during 1987–2015“. Remote Sensing 10, Nr. 8 (07.08.2018): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081240.
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Knowing the stand age of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations is vitally important for best management practices, estimations of rubber latex yields, and carbon cycle studies (e.g., biomass, carbon pools, and fluxes). However, the stand age (as estimated from the establishment year of rubber plantation) is not available across large regions. In this study, we analyzed Landsat time series images from 1987–2015 and developed algorithms to identify (1) the establishment year of rubber plantations; and (2) the pre-conversion land cover types, such as old rubber plantations, evergreen forests, and cropland. Exposed soil during plantation establishment and linear increases in canopy closure during non-production periods (rubber seedling to mature plantation) were used to identify the establishment year of rubber plantations. Based on the rubber plantation map for 2015 (overall accuracy = 97%), and 1981 Landsat images since 1987, we mapped the establishment year of rubber plantations on Hainan Island (R2 = 0.85/0.99, and RMSE = 2.34/0.54 years at pixel/plantation scale). The results show that: (1) significant conversion of croplands and old rubber plantations to new rubber plantations has occurred substantially in the northwest and northern regions of Hainan Island since 2000, while old rubber plantations were mainly distributed in the southeastern inland strip; (2) the pattern of rubber plantation expansion since 1987 consisted of fragmented plantations from smallholders, and there was no tendency to expand towards a higher altitude and steep slope regions; (3) the largest land source for new rubber plantations since 1988 was old rubber plantations (1.26 × 105 ha), followed by cropland (0.95 × 105 ha), and evergreen forests (0.68 × 105 ha). The resultant algorithms and maps of establishment year and pre-conversion land cover types are likely to be useful in plantation management, and ecological assessments of rubber plantation expansion in China.
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Szalay, Dóra, Szabolcs Kertész und Andrea Vágvölgyi. „Changes in the legal and support background of woody energy plantations“. Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 13, Nr. 1 (25.06.2019): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2019.1.72-81.
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Current forestry laws and regulations are not applicable to woody energy plantations. The cultivation technology used in these plantations differs from ones used in conventional forest management; thereby, specific legislation to regulate cultivation in woody energy plantations is required. Hungary passed its first regulations for woody energy plantations in 2007. The legislation addressed permitting, range of plantable species, planting procedures, cultivation, and plantation harvesting. The legislation overregulated coppice technology and only targeted roundwood energy plantation. The legislation does not mandate forest site surveys and its related expert opinions despite their importance in plantation establishment, particularly regarding tree species selection. The latest legislation, which improves earlier deficiencies and prescribes planting-execution plans for all plantations, came into effect 2017. Another important change is the industrial purpose categorization of woody plantations, which appeared beside coppice and roundwood energy plantations. In addition to raw material production, this type of plantation also increases the carbon sequestration of agriculture. The availability of financial resources heavily influenced plantation area size and planting intensity over the years. Investigating plantation tendencies provides an opportunity to identify forms of support that play an important role in creating the conditions for rational land use. Our research presents the effects these changes in legislation and financial support have had on energy plantations.
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Qibtiyah, Mariatul. „Dampak UU No. 18 Tahun 2004 Tentang Perkebunan Terhadap Perubahan Sosial-Budaya Masyarakat (Studi Atas Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit dengan Pola Perkebunan Inti Rakyat di Sumatera Selatan)“. Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Politik 1, Nr. 2 (30.12.2017): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/jssp.v1i2.4037.
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The plantation has a great potential in contributing to the economy in Indonesia. So, the government makes a policy in the form of laws No. 18 in 2004 about The Plantations. The ACT of Plantation regulates about the management of the Plantation and a clear legal protection through The Core of People's Plantations (Perkebunan Inti Rakyat/PIR). But the presence of The Plantation ACT is questioned its allignment. The Core of People's Plantations System which has been set up in the ACT of any impact on social change community around the plantations, such as indigenous land that changes into a plantation area, changes in social status, community life, patterns of change value systems in society, and so on.
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Nagari, Galih Sekar Jati. „LANSKAP PERKEBUNAN TEMBAKAU KEBONARUM DAN GAYAMPRIT KABUPATEN KLATEN“. Berkala Arkeologi 38, Nr. 2 (30.11.2018): 136–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v38i2.253.
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Klaten is a region in Surakarta residency in 18-20th century during Colonial era. It held an important role in the economy of Surakarta region during that period. Klaten became area with the highest plantation productivity in Surakarta. Several plantation companies were established in Klaten, including sugar industries, indigo plantations, and tobacco plantations. Today, several plantation infrastructures can be observed, and its historical background can be traced well, but researches about Klaten Colonial industries are seldom. There are operating tobacco plantations in Klaten Regency, located in Kebonarum and Gayamprit. Plantation area in Kebonarum and Gayamprit is used as research material. Survey and historical approach are used in this research. This project aims to explore the important role of Colonial plantations in rural societies, through archaeological environment phenomenon and its history. The existence of plantations in Klaten rural areas was able to offer social change to the societies in Colonial era.
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Li, Jing, Dandong Chang, Jinhua Cheng, Hongjiang Zhang und Haofeng Huang. „Evaluation of soil and water conservation capacities for plantations on the Simian Mountains of China“. Forestry Chronicle 89, Nr. 02 (April 2013): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2013-035.
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Eighteen indices were selected to evaluate soil and water conservation capacities of four different mixtures of plantations using the Ideal Point Method. Results indicate that a broadleaf plantation of robur (Lithocarpus glabra) and Chinese guger tree (Schima superba) had the best conservation capacity, a mixed broadleaf plantation of sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana), Chinese gugertree and camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) was ranked second. A mixed broadleaf–conifer plantation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) and Chinese gugertree ranked third with a mixed coniferous plantation (Chinese fir and Masson pine) fourth. Under similar climates and topographical conditions, broadleaf plantations have better soil and water conservation capacities than conifer plantations. Sensitivity analysis showed that litter amounts and soil properties are the most important indicators of soil and water conservation capacities of plantations. Suitable measures such as deep tillage should be used to improve soil aggregation in different plantations.
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Hastaril, Belinda, und Muhammad Arief Soendjoto. „Studi Variasi Tingkat Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung pada Berbagai Tipe Habitat di Areal Konservasi Perkebunan Sawit PT.MSM, Wilmar Plantation, Kalteng“. Daun: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan 2, Nr. 1 (01.06.2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/daun.v2i1.167.
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High Conservation Value Areas (HCVA) in palm oil plantation is one of the efforts to reduce the negative impoct of oil palm plantations on biodiversity. The purpose of this study was to to identify bird species in dffirent types of habitats in the conserration area of oil palm plantations, calculate and compare the diversity of bird species and how is the relations with vegetation as habitat componen\ the study location at PT. MSM, Wilmar Plantation Central Kalimantan. The results showed the diversity value of birds and vegetation hos a positive relationship. Forested habitat v,ith heterogeneous vegetation presenting a higher value of diversity bird species than homogeneous vegetation hobitat. The highest diversity of
bird species is the habitot of swampforests (H'3,70) lowland forest (H'3,69), heath forest (H'3,59) and the lowest is the habitat of palm plantatioru (H' 2,60).
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Wang, G. Geoff, J. Aurea Siemens, Vince Keenan und Daniel Philippot. „Survival and growth of black and white spruce seedlings in relation to stock type, site preparation and plantation type in southeastern Manitoba“. Forestry Chronicle 76, Nr. 5 (01.10.2000): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc76775-5.
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Differences in survival and growth of black and white spruce seedlings planted on boreal mixedwood sites were tested for stock types (transplant versus container), site preparation (Donaren disc trenching versus no trenching), and plantation types (open versus sheltered) in southeastern Manitoba after eight or nine growing seasons. Mortality of open plantation (32.3%) and container stock (32.5%) were significantly higher than sheltered plantation (23.7%) and transplant stock (22.8%), respectively. Donaren trenching slightly reduced the mortality of black spruce but significantly increased the mortality of white spruce. Seedlings of container stock (110 cm) were significantly shorter than transplant stock (157 cm). Significant difference in height was found between open and sheltered plantations for black spruce but not for white spruce. Root collar diameter of container stock (15.6 mm) was significantly smaller than transplant stock (23.1 mm). Root collar diameter in sheltered plantations was significantly larger than that in open plantations for black spruce but not for white spruce. Black spruce open plantation had significantly smaller volume (97 cm3) compare to black spruce sheltered (210 cm3) and white spruce open (175 cm3) and sheltered (229 cm3) plantations. White spruce open plantations also had smaller volume than white spruce sheltered plantations. Container stock had smaller volume (89 cm3) than transplant stock (267 cm3). For transplant stock, strip plantations had a significantly higher volume (329 cm3) than open plantations (204 cm3). Based on above results, we recommend that (1) transplant stock should be used, (2) sheltered plantation site preparation should be used on boreal mixedwood sites, and (3) Donaren disc-trenching is not necessary for planting white spruce. Key words: silviculture, boreal mixedwood site, plantation
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Muhdi, Asmarlaili Sahar, Irda Safni und Diana Sofia Hanafiah. „Intercropping Technique at a Smallholder Oil Palm Plantation in Mancang Village, Langkat, North Sumatra“. ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 7, Nr. 2 (23.12.2022): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v7i2.7974.
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Oil palm plantations have become an international issue as a cause of land conversion and deforestation for agricultural expansion. Utilization of land for oil palm plantations is appropriate to provide benefits to the community and residents around the plantation companies as well as to the plantation companies. Mitra, is the owner of an oil palm plantation with his address at Kwala Begumit, Langkat, North Sumatra. The area of oil palm plantations is about 6 hectares. The food crops grown are intercropped on smallholder oil palm plantations in Mancang Village, Kec. Done, District. Binjai, North Sumatra in the implementation of community service is soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr] Anjasmoro variety. In general, the implementation of service activities in the form of counseling, discussions, demonstrations and planting soybeans [Glycine max (L) Merr] Anjasmoro variety intercropped on oil palm plantations can run very well. Based on the existing problems, it is necessary to develop this activity by being carried out in communities related to smallholder oil palm plantations.
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Fadhli, Muhammad, Rifardi Rifardi und Suardi Tarumun. „PEMODELAN PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI KABUPATEN KAMPAR“. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 14, Nr. 1 (20.03.2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jil.14.1.p.52-65.
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This study aims to identify the types of land use and patterns of land use change in Kampar District. This study uses a survey method with visual interpretation techniques Landsat imagery in 1998,2008,2018 using geographic information systems (GIS). The results showed that 12 types of land use in Kampar district in 1998-2008-2018 were: 1) forest, 2) plantation forest, 3) plantation, 4) mixed plantation, 5) dry land agriculture, 6) rice field, 7 ) shrubs, 8) built up land, 9) mines, 10) open, 11) ponds, and 12) bodies of water. The patterns of land use change in Kampar Regency in the period 1998-2008-2018 were 187 patterns. There are 2 types of patterns of change, namely 1) the pattern of change from vegetated land use to vegetated land use and 2) the pattern of changes in the use of vegetated to non-vegetated land. The first type with the most dominant pattern based on the area of change include: 1) forests - plantations - plantations, 2) mixed plantations - plantations - plantations 3) Forests – plantation forests - plantation forests. The second type with a pattern of change based on area includes: 1) forest – forest - open, 2) mixed plantation - built up land – built up land, 3) mixed plantation - mixed plantation - mine.
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Prabha, A. C. Surya, A. Rajkamal, M. Senthivelu und S. Pragadeesh. „Soil carbon stock and physico-chemical properties in important plantations of Tamil Nadu, India“. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 7, Nr. 6 (2022): 099–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.76.11.
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Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in soil fertility and is of paramount importance for its contributions to mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The present study was undertaken to estimate the SOC stock and soil properties in important plantations of the Southern zone in Tamil Nadu. Four different species were selected for the study viz, Eucalyptus, Casuarina, Melia and Teak. In all the plantations selected for estimation of biomass, composite soil samples were collected at three different depths; i.e., 0-15, 15- 30 and 30-45 cm. The soil samples were analysed for the carbon stock and various properties such as pH, Electrical conductivity, Organic carbon, Available N, Available P, Available K. Among Eucalyptus plantations, clonal plantation of >6 years sequestered the highest amount of soil carbon (19.8 Mg ha-1) at 30 cm depth. SOC stock was maximum in Casuarina plantation of > 5 years (23.3 Mg ha-1). Among the different Melia plantations, maximum SOC stock was observed in Melia plantation of 5 to7 years old (15.6 Mg ha-1), and in Teak plantations, SOC stock was highest in plantations of > 15 years old (22.1 Mg ha-1). The soil pH and Electrical conductivity significantly differed among the plantations and decreased with an increase in the age of plantation. Nitrogen availability was highest (303.98 kg ha-1 ) in >5 years of Casuarina clonal plantation at 0-15 cm depth. Among the plantations the available potassium was high in surface soils (0-15 cm) of >5 years Casuarina clonal plantation (329.50 kg ha-1). The data generated in the present study would provide valuable information on the scope of afforestation and reforestation projects for sustaining the livelihoods of the farming community and also will encourage them to contribute to mitigating global carbon emissions and expanding forest and tree cover.
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Wu, Tong, Saif Ullah, Lianxiang Zhong, Yuanyuan Xu, Guoyu Wei und Mei Yang. „Impact of Simulated Acid Rain on Soil Base Cations Dissolution between Eucalyptus Pure Plantations and Eucalyptus–Castanopsis fissa Mixed Plantations“. Forests 14, Nr. 11 (30.10.2023): 2159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14112159.
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The soils of Eucalyptus pure plantations and Eucalyptus–Castanopsis fissa mixed plantations were studied using soil column leaching experiments with acid solutions to mimic the effects of acid rain on the soils. This helped researchers learn more about how soil base ions react to acid deposition and their ability to protect the soil from excessive acidity under pure and mixed-species plantations. The results showed that acid rain leaching increased the leaching loss, desorption, and desorption rate of soil base ions while decreasing the soil pH value, adsorption, and adsorption rate of soil base ions. The soil pH value and the leaching loss ranges of K+, Na+, and Mg2+ were all greater in the pure plantations than in the mixed plantations, while the leaching range of Ca2+ was greater in the mixed plantation than in the pure plantations. In the two types of plantations, the adsorption rates of Ca2+ and Na+ in the mixed plantations were higher than in the pure plantations, while K+ and Mg2+ showed higher adsorption rates in the pure plantations than in the mixed plantations. Therefore, soil pH and base ions were greatly affected by the pH value of acid rain. Compared with the pure plantations, the establishment of Eucalyptus–Castanopsis fissa mixed plantations can slow soil acidification and leaching of K+, Na+, and Mg2+ and contribute to the adsorption of Ca2+ and Na+, which is beneficial for the soil nutrient fixation of Eucalyptus plantations. The mixed plantations were found to increase the exchange reaction between H+ and base ions, thereby improving the acid buffer performance of the soil. This, in turn, helped to mitigate the decline in soil fertility. Therefore, establishment of Eucalyptus–Castanopsis fissa mixed-species plantations can slow down the impact of acid rain on soil acidification in artificial plantation land to a certain extent and play an important role in optimizing the plantation structure of Eucalyptus stands and maintaining their productivity.
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Bastos, Cristiana. „Plantation Memories, Labor Identities, and the Celebration of Heritage“. Museum Worlds 8, Nr. 1 (01.07.2020): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2020.080104.
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Plantation museums and memorials play different roles in coming to terms with a past of racialized violence. In this article, I briefly review the academic literature on plantations, refer to the plantation–race nexus, address the critical and acritical uses of plantation memories, discuss modes of musealizing plantations and memorializing labor, and present a community-based museum structure: Hawaii’s Plantation Village. This museum project is consistent with a multiethnic narrative of Hawai‘i, in that it provides both an overview of the plantation experience and a detailed account of the cultural heritage of each national group recruited for the sugar plantations. By providing a sense of historical belonging, a chronology of arrival, and a materialized representation of a lived experience, this museum plays an active and interactive role in the shaping of a collective memory of the plantation era, selecting the more egalitarian aspects of a parallel coexistence rather than the hierarchies, violence, tensions and land appropriation upon which the plantations rested.
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Yuniarti, Trisna, und Dahliyah Hayati. „Segmentasi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit dengan Data Mining Teknik K-Means Clustering Berdasarkan Luas Areal, Produksi dan Produktivitas“. INVENTORY: Industrial Vocational E-Journal On Agroindustry 2, Nr. 2 (31.12.2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52759/inventory.v2i2.47.
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The oil palm is the most productive plantation product in Indonesia. Government strategies and policies related to oil palm plantations continue to be carried out considering that the plantation area is increasing every year. Segmentation of oil palm plantations based on area, production, and productivity aims to identify groups of potential oil palm plantations in the territory of Indonesia. This segmentation can provide consideration in formulating strategies and policies that will be made by the government. The segmentation method for grouping oil palm plantations uses the K-Means Clustering Data Mining technique with 3 clusters specified. Data mining stages start from data collection until representation is carried out, where 34 data sets are collected, only 25 data sets can be processed further. The results of this grouping obtained three plantation segments, namely 72% of the plantation group with low potential, 20% of the plantation group with medium potential, and 8% of the plantation group with high potential.
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Stephens, S. Sky, und Michael R. Wagner. „Forest Plantations and Biodiversity: A Fresh Perspective“. Journal of Forestry 105, Nr. 6 (01.09.2007): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/105.6.307.
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Abstract We examined the worldwide literature on biodiversity in forest plantations for the indicator organism assessed, species composition (native versus exotic), tree species diversity, and appropriateness of the comparisons made. Fifty percent of the studies used invertebrates, 36% birds, 6% mammals, and 6% vascular plants as bioindicators. We found that 76% of the existing literature compares exotic plantation forests to native/natural forests, 9% of studies compare native plantations to native/natural forests, and 3% examine plantations to plantations. Lower biodiversity in plantation forest compared to other forests was reported by 94% of the reviewed studies. However, some studies indicate higher biodiversity in plantation forests compared to other land uses such as agriculture. We argue that much of the literature reporting lower biodiversity in plantation forests is based on inappropriate comparisons. We suggest more appropriate approaches to assessing the effects of plantation forests on biodiversity.
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Su, Shiping, und Xiaoe Liu. „The Water Storage Function of Litters and Soil in Five Typical Plantations in the Northern and Southern Mountains of Lanzhou, Northwest China“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 14 (06.07.2022): 8231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148231.
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Soil and water conservation is an important function of forest ecosystems; however, it remains unclear which forest type is best suited for water and soil conservation under the same site conditions. In order to clarify the soil and water conservation function of different plantations in the northern and southern mountains of Lanzhou city, we investigated several soil and water conservation function indicators (thickness and accumulation of litter, maximum water holding capacity and rate of litter, water holding capacity and water absorption rate of litter, soil infiltration rates, soil water content, soil bulk density, soil porosity, and soil water storage) of five plantation types (Platycladus orientalis plantations (Po), Robinia pseudoacacia plantations (Rp), Populus alba var. pyramidalis plantations (Pa), P. alba var. pyramidalis + R. pseudoacacia mixed plantations (Pa + Rp), and P. orientalis + R. pseudoacacia mixed plantations (Po + Rp)) and evaluated them using the gray correlation method. The results indicated the accumulation of litter varied from 13.50 to 47.01 t·hm−2 and increased in the order of Pa < Rp < Po < Po + Rp < Pa + Rp. The maximum water holding capacity of litter varied from 35.29 to 123.59 t·hm−2 and increased in the order of Pa < Rp < Po < Po + Rp < Pa + Rp. The soil physical properties (soil infiltration, porosity, and bulk density) of mixed plantations were better than those of pure plantations. The soil maximum water storage was significantly different among plantation types (p < 0.05), with an average varying from 3930.87 to 4307.45 t·hm−2, and was greater in mixed plantations than in pure plantations. Gray correlation analysis revealed that mixed plantations had the best conservation function of the five plantation types, followed by broad-leaved plantations and coniferous plantations. This suggests that the planting of mixed plantations dominated by Pa + Rp is therefore recommended in the future construction of plantations in the northern and southern mountains of Lanzhou to realize sustainable forest development.
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Mather, A. S. „Plantation politics: forest plantations in development“. Applied Geography 13, Nr. 3 (Juli 1993): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(93)90010-x.
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Dargavel, John. „Plantation politics: Forestry plantations in development“. Journal of Rural Studies 9, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1993): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(93)90063-p.
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Umayah, Difa, Eko Priyo Purnomo, Mochammad Iqbal Fadhlurrohman, Aqil Teguh Fathani und Lubna Salsabila. „The Implementation of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) Policy in Managing Oil Palm Plantation in Indonesia“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 943, Nr. 1 (01.12.2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/943/1/012022.
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Abstract The purpose of this research is to look at the governance of sustainable oil palm plantation development in Jambi Province through an analysis of the role of the Jambi Provincial Government’s policies in realizing sustainable oil palm plantation management. The study used a qualitative approach to explain current findings on the sustainable development of oil palm plantations in Jambi province. The data in this study used an analysis of Jambi Province policy documents related to the oil palm plantation sector’s growth and development. This study’s results indicate the Jambi Province local government’s commitment to realizing environmentally friendly oil palm plantations. These results can be seen from the legal, licensing, and limitation aspects by applying the 7 ISPO principles, namely the application of oil palm development permits, application of technical guidelines for oil palm cultivation and management, environmental management and monitoring of oil palm plantations, responsibility for oil palm plantation workers palm oil, responsibility for the social community of oil palm plantations, empowerment of community economic activities and increase the sustainable business of palm oil plantations.
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Oyedeji, S., O. O. Agboola, T. S. Oriolowo, D. A. Animasaun, P. O. Fatoba und A. O. Isichei. „Early-Season Effects of Wildfire on Soil Nutrients and Weed Diversity in Two Plantations“. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 52, Nr. 1 (01.03.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sab-2021-0001.
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Abstract This study assessed early-season effects of spontaneous wildfires on soil fertility and weed diversity in two managed plantations – cashew and teak – in Ilorin, Nigeria. Soil pH and nutrients in the topsoils and subsoils of burned and unburned plantations plots after a spontaneous wildfire were analysed. Species diversity and similarity were determined based on the composition and abundances of weed flora two months post-fire. The fire effects on soil nutrients and weed composition in the plantations were evaluated using the canonical correspondence analysis. Burns incidence significantly improved the organic carbon, organic matter, and Ca contents while reducing total N and Mg in both plantations. Twenty-eight weed species were distributed in 9 angiosperm families. Fire differently affected weed composition, abundance and diversity in the plantations. Burning improved soil organic carbon and organic matter contents and restricted Tephrosia bracteolata, Desmodium tortuosum, Daniellia oliveri, Senna obtusifolia and Zornia latifolia to the burned cashew plantation. The occurrence of Euphorbia heterophylla, Eriosema psoraleoides and Crotalaria retusa in the burned teak plantation was associated with a direct fire effect on soil Na and Ca contents. Burning influenced soil nutrients in the studied plantations, but weed diversity increased in the teak plantation and was reduced in the cashew plantation.
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Shao, J., A. Habib und S. Fei. „SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF UAV LIDAR DATA FOR TREE PLANTATIONS“. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1/W2-2023 (14.12.2023): 1901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-w2-2023-1901-2023.
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Abstract. Tree plantations, characterized by large-scale cultivation of trees with high commercial values, often rely on accurate inventory data to improve their capacity. However, understanding tree plantations with different components on a large scale for growth prediction is still a tricky problem. In this paper, we harness the power of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems to acquire 3D point clouds of tree plantations and investigate the potential of deep learning segmentation for enhanced understanding of plantation UAV LiDAR point clouds, thereby promoting precision forest management. Two datasets from the same plantation without debris on the ground and with harvested debris were tested. Experimental results showed that we were able to process a plantation consisting of 300 trees in 2 min and achieve an overall accuracy of 95% segmentation for this plantation. This research demonstrates the feasibility of the deep learning method in segmenting large-scale tree plantation point clouds, which is able to speed up the inventory of tree plantations.
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Lodhiyal, L. S., R. P. Singh und S. P. Singh. „Productivity and nutrient cycling in poplar stands in central Himalaya, India“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, Nr. 6 (01.06.1994): 1199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-158.
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Productivity and nutrient-use efficiency were investigated in plantations of similar age of poplar clone D121 (Populusdeltoides Marsh.) that differed mainly in plant density. The plantations were located in the Tarai belt (low-lying area with high water table) of the Indian Central Himalaya. The total net primary productivity of the high-density plantation (4 years old with 666 trees/ha) was conspicuously higher (32.4 tones•ha−1•year−1) than that of the low-density (20 tonnes•ha−1•year−1) plantation (5 years old with 400 trees/ha), while nutrient-use efficiency was similar in these plantations. The net primary productivity/leaf nutrient ratios and percent nutrient retranslocation from senescing leaves were higher in the high-density than in the low-density plantations. In these young plantations leaf litterfall accounted for most of the litterfall (96–97%). The amount of nutrients that returned through litterfall to the soil was distinctly greater in the high-density plantation than in the low-density plantation. The greater nutrient return was due to first, the greater dry weight of litterfall and the lower proportional nutrient retranslocation from leaves during senescence in the high-density plantation. The high-density plantation also showed greater nutrient extraction efficiency from soil. Compared with a Eucalyptustereticornis Sm. plantation, and with natural forests of the study region, the nutrient use efficiency of poplar, regardless of its density, was lower.
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ANBARASHAN, M., A. PADMAVATHY und R. ALEXANDAR. „Short Communication: Survival and growth of mono and mixed species plantations on the Coromandel coast of India“. Asian Journal of Forestry 1, Nr. 2 (01.12.2017): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r010203.
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Anbarashan M, Padmavathy A, Alexandar R. 2017. Short Communication: Survival and growth of mono and mixed species plantations on the Coromandel coast of India. Asian J For 1: 70-76. There exists very little information on the growth of autochthonous tree species autochthonousin the tropics and on the experiences in conducting mono and mixed species plantations. The aim of this study was to compare the variation in growth parameter between the mixed species plantation and mono species plantation. The growth, survival, and height of 82 autochthonous mixed species plantations were compared with Casuarina equisetifolia, an exotic species broadly planted in this region after over a decade (2006 to 2016). In the mixed species plantation, seven species showed 100 % survival rate and 19 species were not survived after 10-year intervals. In the mono species plantation, Casuarina equisetifolia had 92 % of the survival rate. When it is compared to the mono plantation, the growth rate of mixed species plantation showed highly significant differences (P < 0: 05) values. Simple linear regression between annual girth increment and height produced very strong positive relations (R2 0.759). Plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia seem to be well adapted to the coastal region. On the other hand, mixed plantation with autochthonous species would contribute more to sustainable management because they provide a greater range of ecological goods and ecosystem services than the single species plantations.
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I Gede Agus Ryananta Mudawan, I Wayan Widanan und Ni Wayan Meidayanti Mustika. „Perumusan Konsep Dasar dan Tema Rancangan Pada Perencanaan dan Perancangan Agrowisata Kopi di Kecamatan Kintamani“. Undagi : Jurnal Ilmiah Jurusan Arsitektur Universitas Warmadewa 11, Nr. 1 (29.06.2023): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/undagi.11.1.7114.47-54.
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Coffee is one of the main plantation commodities in Indonesia which is one of the plantations that boosts the country's economy. Bali is one of the provinces that has quite extensive coffee plantations with an annual income of up to 15.5 thousand tons. Coffee Agrotourism is an educational tourism activity that utilizes coffee plantations as a tourist attraction. The utilization of this business in the plantation sector includes processing coffee from the plantations of local residents so that it becomes a product with national and even international selling value, in other words the products produced can not only be enjoyed by the domestic community, but also can be enjoyed by the outside community. Not only processed products are presented, but also experience, understanding, and knowledge about coffee or coffee plantations is also presented as a means of education. Coffee agrotourism is developed by utilizing the potential of both natural resources and human resources.
Keywords: Coffee, Plantation, Education, Recreation, Agrotourism
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Желдак, Vladimir Zheldak, Родин, Sergey Rodin, Сидоренков, Viktor Sidorenkov, Дорощенкова und Elvira Doroshchenkova. „Development of regulatory and methodological support of the use of forest fund lands and lands of other categories for the plantation“. Forestry Engineering Journal 5, Nr. 1 (01.05.2015): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11262.
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Due to the increasing demand of the plantation and their exploitation for timber harvesting of definite species, assortment composition and amount, and the need to develop (specifying) the general provisions of the Forest Code, regulating the use of (implementation) of this type of forest use, the goal is set: on the basis of the analysis of existing information on forest plantations in the country and abroad, to develop guidelines to expand the legal and regulatory methodical maintenance of the plantation and exploitation by solving setting criteria for identification of special plantation forests, development of ecological and silvicultural requirements for selection and use of areas of forest land and other categories for the plantation, forming, with the established requirements, methodical provisions defining selection and provision of plots for this type of use of forests, composition of measures in laying and breeding plantation forests, planning and carrying out cutting of forest planting and harvesting. As the result of solution of these tasks draft guidelines is made, containing system provisions reflecting the characteristics of the plantation, distinguish them from other forest plantations, all (major) requirements and the corresponding measures to establish forest plantations and their operation, as well as proposals designed to repel provisions in the legislation by amending the Forest Code, supplementing the provisions in the legal documents - Terms of forest tending, harvesting rules and others, governing the use of forest plantations for harvesting and other measures to ensure the overall effective establishment and operation of forest plantations, while maintaining ecological and resource potential of forests. In furtherance of the implementation of legislative and legal norms and fundamental methodological facilities for the effective delivery of interventions of creation and use of forest plantations are developed specific guidelines and methodology for creation and operation of certain types of forest plantations, including by the regions of the country are developed.
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Zhou, Wei, Jing-Yi Dai, Zi-Qiang Zhang und Pu-Yu Tian. „The Effects of Off-Farm Employment on Non-Timber Forest Product Plantations“. Forests 14, Nr. 9 (10.09.2023): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14091843.
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Non-timber forest product plantations (NTFP plantations), also known as “economic forests” in China, refer to forest plantations cultivated for the production of non-timber products such as fruits, nuts, oils, seasonings, and medicinal materials. With a rapid increase in the total area in the past two decades, NTFP plantations have become an important type of forestland use in China. The shift of agricultural labor to the non-agricultural sector caused by rising salaries in China will inevitably have a great impact on land use, forestry, and agricultural production. To understand the effects of off-farm employment on the development of NTFP plantations in China, a total of 709 valid household questionnaires from Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces were collected. Heckman’s two-stage model was employed in the empirical analysis. The results of the study show that off-farm employment has a significant positive effect on both the probability that a household has planted NTFP plantations and the plantation area. Households engaged in off-farm employment would prefer to plant NTFP plantations. Moreover, the higher the degree of participation in off-farm employment, the more likely households are to choose to plant NTFP plantations. The area of NTFP plantations would increase with the increase in off-farm employment degrees. Besides, the age and education level of the household head show a positive effect on the NTFP plantation planting. The implication of the results is that with a continuing increase in the proportion of off-farm employment, NTFP plantation cultivation could also continue to expand. Funds are still an important constraint for households to choose to plant NTFP plantations. Therefore, if policymakers want to promote the development of NTFP plantations on collectively owned forestland, they should first resolve households’ financial constraints.
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Li, Zhang, Li und Zhang. „Mapping the Spatial Distribution of Tea Plantations Using High-Spatiotemporal-Resolution Imagery in Northern Zhejiang, China“. Forests 10, Nr. 10 (01.10.2019): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100856.
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Tea plantations are widely distributed in the southern provinces of China and have expanded rapidly in recent years due to their high economic value. This expansion has caused ecological problems such as soil erosion, and it is therefore urgent to clarify the spatial distribution and area of tea plantations. In this study, we developed a simple method to accurately map tea plantations based on their unique phenological characteristics observed from VENμS high-spatiotemporal-resolution multispectral imagery. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and red—green ratio index (RGRI) of time series were calculated using 40 VENμS images taken in 2018 to evaluate the phenology of tea plantations. The unique phenological period of tea plantations in northern Zhejiang is from April to May, with obvious deep pruning, which is very different from the phenological period of other vegetation. During this period, the RGRI values of tea plantations were much higher than those of other vegetation such as broadleaf forest and bamboo forest. Therefore, it is possible to identify tea plantations from the vegetation in images acquired during their phenological period. This method was applied to tea plantation mapping in northern Zhejiang. The NDVI value of the winter image was used to extract a vegetation coverage map, and spatial intersection analysis combined with maps of tea plantation phenological information was performed to obtain a tea plantation distribution map. The resulting tea plantation map had a high accuracy, with a 94% producer accuracy and 95.9% user accuracy. The method was also applied to Sentinel-2 images at the regional scale, and the obtained tea plantation distribution map had an accuracy of 88.7%, indicating the good applicability of the method.
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Winarni, Retno, Ratna Endang Widuatie, Tri Chandra Aprianto und Nurhadi Sasmita. „Perkembangan Perkebunan Partikelir di Jember (1850-an – 1930-an)“. Historia 4, Nr. 1 (30.07.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jhist.v4i1.28427.
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This study was aimed to track how the history of plantations in Jember from the 1850s-1930s. When did plantations arise in Jember? What types of plants were developed on Jember plantations? How was the development of the plantation quantitatively? And what was the impact of the existence of plantations on the development of Jember and its people. The method in this study is a historical method which includes heuristic, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results of this study are that plantations in Jember developed along with the development of colonial power in the Belada Indies, precisely since the VOC era, but experienced rapid development starting from the implementation period culture stelsel, but reached its peak in liberal times, and plantations also experienced a period of ebb as colonial power receded as well. The conclusion is that there is a parrarel relationship between plantation development and the development of colonial power.
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Wang, Shu Li, Chao Ma und Wei Bin Yuan. „Soil Physical and Chemical Properties under Four Densities of Hybrid Larch Plantations“. Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (Mai 2012): 2139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.2139.
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The soil physical and chemical properties of four densities (A:2500/hm2，B:3300/hm2，C:4400/hm2，D:6600/hm2) of hybrid Larch plantations, Larix olgensis plantation(E) and Quercus mandsurica forest(F) were studied in Jiangshanjiao forest farm of Heilongjiang province of China. Soil bulk density, soil porosity, total N, total P, available N and available P were affected significantly by plantation density in hybrid Larch plantations. The lowest surface soil bulk density was in density 2500/hm2. Soil porosity of density 2500/hm2and 3300/hm2was bigger than that of density 4400/hm2and density 6600/hm2. Total N, total P and available N of density 4400/hm2and 3300/hm2were higher than that of density 6600/hm2and density 2500/hm2. Total N, total P, available N and available P of hybrid Larch plantations were not lower than that of Larix olgensis plantation. The results of the soil physical and chemical properties under different densities of hybrid Larch plantations and different types of forest seems to confirm that hybrid Larch plantation did not decreased the soil fertility, and the hybrid Larch plantation with densities of 3300/hm2and 4400/hm2could be conductive to improving the soil quality. The results would provide the theories basis for manage the hybrid Larch plantations.
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Suguituru, Silvia Sayuri, Rogério Rosa Silva, Débora Rodrigues de Souza, Catarina de Bortoli Munhae und Maria Santina de Castro Morini. „Ant community richness and composition across a gradient from Eucalyptus plantations to secondary Atlantic Forest“. Biota Neotropica 11, Nr. 1 (März 2011): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032011000100034.
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Secondary forests and exotic tree plantations are expanding across tropical landscapes. However, our current understanding of the value of these human-dominated forest landscapes for invertebrate biodiversity conservation is still very poor. In this paper, we use the leaf-litter ant fauna to assess invertebrate diversity in one commercially managed Eucalyptus plantation (four years old), two abandoned plantations of different regeneration ages (16 and 31 years), and one neighboring secondary Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil. There was a clear gradient in species richness from the secondary forest to the managed Eucalyptus plantation; richness and diversity peaked in secondary forest and in the older regenerating Eucalyptus plantation. Significantly more species were recorded in secondary forest samples than in Eucalyptus plantations, but Eucalyptus plantations had a similar level of richness. Furthermore, a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed clear differences in species composition between the younger managed Eucalyptus plantation (understory absent) and habitats with sub-developed or developed understory. Eucalyptus plantations were characterized by an assemblage of widespread, generalist species very different from those known to occur in core forest habitats of southeastern Brazil. Our results indicate that while older regenerating Eucalyptus plantations can provide habitat to facilitate the persistence of generalist ant species, it is unlikely to conserve most of the primary forest species, such as specialized predators, Dacetini predators, and nomadic species.
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Sumarno, Edi, Nina Karina, Junita Setiana Ginting und Handoko Handoko. „The Cities in East Sumatera after the Development of Plantation Industry 1863-1942“. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 2, Nr. 2 (10.05.2019): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i2.246.
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The ports in East Sumatra were located on the banks of the riverbefore the presence of plantations.These traditional cities underwent some changes after the presence of plantations, where the cities on the riverbank changed intothe cities in the middle of the plantation. The new cities that emerged after the development of plantations were formed or initiated by the plantation party and the Dutch Colonial government in East Sumatra. The purpose was for the cities to become the administrative center of the plantations and government. Why did the colonial government or plantations build new cities? And howwas the development of the old cities and the new cities?
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Ivana, Helvera, Basuki Sigit Priyono und Reflis. „KORELASI FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI DENGAN PENERIMAAN USAHA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT DI DESA NANTI AGUNG, KECAMATAN ILIR TALO, KABUPATEN SELUMA“. Jurnal AGRISEP 11, Nr. 1 (22.04.2012): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.11.1.69-77.
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The study of the correlation between social economy factors and the acceptance level of the smallholder palm plantations is conducted in Nanti Agung Village, Ilir Talo Subdistrict Seluma Regency. The aims of the study are to investigate the accepatance level of the smallholder palm plantations and to investigate the correlation between social economic factors and the acceptance of the citizenry palm plantations. The amount of 71 farmers that have main work in palm plantations area are taken by census. Data are analyzed by chi square (X2). The study show that the acceptance level of smallholder palm farmers is in medium/high enough category. Social-economy factors that obviously correlated toward the acceptance level of the smallholder palm plantations are farmer’s age, formal education, the number of workers, and wide area. The other way, the factors that are not correlated toward the acceptance level of smallholder palm plantation farmers are non formal education, motivation, and experinces in plantations working. Keywords: the acceptance, citizenry palm plantation, socio-economy factors
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Schmid, Patricia Griselda, Martin Nahuel Garcia, Maria Elena Gauchat, Rafael Scherer, Hugo Daniel Reis, Leonardo Gallo und Susana Noemi Marcucci Poltri. „Analysis of genetic diversity in two plantations of <i>Pinus caribaea</i> var. <i>hondurensis</i>“. Ciência Florestal 32, Nr. 4 (23.11.2022): 1759–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509840930.
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Forest tree breeding activities in plantations with exotic species implies several instances of material selection where genetic variation can be affected. The objective of the work was to verify the genetic variability present in two plantations of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis by microsatellite markers, initially designed for Pinus taeda fluorescent-labeled. Thus, 299 individuals were analyzed using eight polymorphic microsatellite markers. The results indicate that both plantations have adequate levels of genetic diversity that are representative of the Pinus genus. Through the Bayesian method, it was possible to detect two different population genetic structures (K = 2) between both plantations analyzed. In conclusion, this study suggests that microsatellites markers are useful tools to monitor genetic variation in genetic breeding programs. The genetic diversity estimated in both plantations is similar and typical for Pinus plantations, and as expected, there was a slight decrease in genetic variability in the commercial plantation in comparation with the base plantation.
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Yang, Yulian, Honglin Yang, Qiang Wang, Qing Dong, Jiaping Yang, Lijun Wu, Chengming You, Jinyao Hu und Qinggui Wu. „Effects of Two Management Practices on Monthly Litterfall in a Cypress Plantation“. Forests 13, Nr. 10 (27.09.2022): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101581.
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Optimizing stand structure can enhance plantation forest ecosystem service functions by regulating litterfall patterns; however, the effects of close-to-nature management on litterfall production remain unclear. Here, we selected three cypress (Cupressus funebris) plantations, including one using the practice of strip filling (SF), one using the practice of ecological thinning (ET), and one pure cypress plantation without any artificial interference. The production of total litterfall and its components (leaf, twig, reproductive organ and miscellaneous litterfall) were investigated monthly over one year from September 2019 to August 2020. Compared with that of the pure plantation, the total annual litterfall production of the SF and ET plantations decreased significantly by 10.8% and 36.44%, respectively. The annual production of leaf and reproductive organ litter was similar to that of total litterfall, but that of twig and miscellaneous litter was higher in the SF and ET plantations than in the pure plantation. Moreover, total, leaf and reproductive organ litterfall production displayed unimodal dynamics regardless of plantation, although the peaks of reproductive organ litter production occurred in different months. In contrast, the production of twig litter showed bimodal dynamics in the pure plantation, while unimodal and irregular dynamics were observed in the plantations with ET and SF, respectively. Additionally, insignificant differences in the isometric growth index of leaf litter and total litterfall were observed. The allometric indices of twig litterfall versus total litterfall, reproductive organ litterfall versus total litterfall, and leaf litterfall versus twig litterfall were higher in the plantations with SF and ET than in the pure plantation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that diameter at breast height and air temperature were the most important factors shaping the annual and monthly production of litterfall, respectively. These results provide efficient data to support the rectification of the material circulation of cypress plantations and their future management.
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PÉROCHES, Adrien, Himlal BARAL, Marion CHESNES, Arlene LOPEZ-SAMPSON und Guillaume LESCUYER. „Suitability of large-scale tree plantation models in Africa, Asia and Latin America for forest landscape restoration objectives“. BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 351 (28.02.2022): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.351.a36870.
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Today, tree plantations play a crucial role in supplying wood and wood-based products. They supply almost half of global demand, as well as supporting a diversity of ecosystem services. In tropical and subtropical areas, where tree growth is optimum and large tracts of land are available, forest restoration is presented as one of the most effective strategies for climate change mitigation. For these reasons, large-scale tree plantations are being encouraged in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Based on a review of the literature and of public databases on forest plantations, we drew up a typology of large-scale tree plantations in Latin America, Africa and Asia using four criteria: the management objective (production versus protection), number of species planted (multi-species versus mono-species), origin of species (exotic versus indigenous) and management status (industrial companies, private smallholders, state). Our analysis identified seven main plantation types and reveals that the two most common types represent almost 60% of the total planted area: (1) private mono-species plantations using exotic species; and (2) public production-oriented mono/multi-species plantations of indigenous trees. Numerous experimental studies were conducted in the 1950s and 1960s with a wide range of tree plantation models. However, few were adopted by operators because the production rates and financial returns were considered low. The dominant tree plantation types are failing to meet most of the forest restoration objectives set out in the Bonn Challenge (i.e., productivity, carbon storage, biodiversity conservation, rural livelihoods). Alternative large-scale tree plantation models could be promoted by focusing on the other goods and services that plantations can provide. This could be achieved if more diverse stakeholders were involved in plantation design and management processes, and if appropriate technical, financial, and institutional incentives were developed.
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Al-Faritsi, Muhammad Farid, Yanto Santosa und Dede Aulia Rahman. „The estimation of mammal species loss and gain from shrubs to oil palm plantations in South Sumatera“. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 12, Nr. 2 (01.07.2022): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.12.2.290-300.
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Several previous studies stated that land cover changes to oil palm plantations caused the loss of wildlife species, one of which was from the mammals. Therefore, data on the magnitude of this type of loss is needed. This study estimates the amount of loss and gain of mammal species due to the development of oil palm plantations. Data were taken by direct observation (strip transect method) in parallel at the oil palm plantation of PT. Rambang Agro Jaya, South Sumatra. This research was conducted on the land cover before (shrubs) and after the development of oil palm plantations. The study shows that the change from shrubs to oil palm plantations does not change the number of mammal species but increases the species richness index and decreases the species richness index. The similarity index of shrubs and oil palm plantation is 0.56. The development of oil palm plantations also causes the loss and gain of mammal species with the same percentage of 67%. The presence of mammals in oil palm plantation is thought to be due to the feed availability.
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Faizin, Tuba Gus, Luchman Hakim und Hasan Zayadi. „Mapping The Distribution Of Coffee Plantations (Coffea sp.) Using Geographic Information System (GIS) In Patokpicis Village, Poncokusumo District“. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Sains Unisma Malang 1, Nr. 2 (31.08.2023): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/jimsum.v1i2.22572.
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Patokpicis village is one of the areas with community coffee plantations. The replacement of coffee plantations to become fields and vegetable farms was massive, so the research aimed to determine the distribution of available coffee plantations and analyze the character of coffee in Patokpicis village. The study was conducted from April to July 2020. Data collection was located in the Patokpicis Village area, Wajak District, Malang Regency. The method used was exploratory observation, including a coffee land mapping survey by determining the coordinate points of each coffee land then visualized with QGIS (Quantum Geographic Information System) and determining the character of coffee plants by observing vitality and periodicity. The results of the research in Patokpicis Village there are 15 plantation points with 10 points in agriculture and 5 points in plantations. The percentage value of periodicity and the vitality value of coffee plants only have 3 plantation points that have a value of 100% which indicates that community plantations do not have maintenance.Keywords: coffee plantation, agriculture, periodicity, vitality
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Reddy, K. Srinivas. „Rejuvenation of Reserve Forest by Forest Interventions (Species and Different Plantations)“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, Nr. 11 (30.11.2021): 2055–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39180.
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Abstract: Eco-restoration is a technique for rejuvenation of degraded ecosystem to their near original state. It also helps to control soil erosion, develop microbial ecology, enhance biomass production and socio-economic development. The present study was focused on a new approach called Rejuvenation Technology for less forest area. India is bestowed with the rich diversity of flora and fauna due to diverse environment. Global warming and consequent impending danger of climate changes has necessitated to arrest deforestation. The species diversity has also helped in the selection of appropriate native species to enhance the ecological functions of urbanizing landscapes. Adoption of monoculture plantations though the region appears green, but fulfilling the vital ecosystem functions such as groundwater recharge, food and fodder to dependent biota, etc. Forest Rejuvenation Action Plan was prepared for each Reserve Forest Block with forestry activities like Reserve Forest boundary deep trench, fencing, Plantations of Gacchakaya on trench mounds along the periphery of the Reserve Forest boundary having interface with Revenue Land to protect the forest from biotic interference. Further Soil & Moisture Conservation works were proposed to improve moisture regime. Silvicultural operations like Cultural operations & removal of invasive species were proposed for better natural regeneration & growth of existing root stock. It was further supplemented with plantations like Block plantations, fruit bearing plantations, Yadadri Model plantations, Grassland development in 0.0 - 0.10 canopy density forest area. Further plantation activities like Gap planting, Medicinal herbs & Shurbs, plantation inside and on the mounds of SCT, Bamboo plantations along nalas/Streams were proposed to improve three tier canopy in the Reserve Forest in 0.1 - 0.40. These Forestry Interventions help to improve the forest cover, biodiversity, Carbon sequestration, Water Argumentation etc to meet the required results as per National & Global Commitments. To demonstrate this technology, plantation of seedlings of 5 different canopy density. Block plantation. Yadadri Model Plantations, Grass lands, Forest Fruit bearing Plantations was carried out in a village community degraded land located in Medhal district in Telangana State. This study developed spatial definitions of the Rejuvenation of reserve forest. Keywords: Rejuvenation, Reserve forest, Plantation models, canopy, Soil & Moisture Conservation
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Curry, GN. „The Influence of Proximity of Plantation Edge on Diversity and Abundance of bird species in an exotic pine plantation in north-eastern New South Wales“. Wildlife Research 18, Nr. 3 (1991): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910299.
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Data were collected in summer and winter in a 15-year-old plantation of Pinus taeda, at Clouds Creek, north-eastern New South Wales. In summer, diversity and abundance of bird species declined over a distance of 900 m into the plantation. However, in winter this progressive decline in bird densities was limited to within the first 200 m of the plantation periphery. At greater distances into the plantation, the floristic and structural characteristics of the vegetation (including windrows) were of more importance than the proximity of the plantation edge in accounting for variations in the abundance and diversity of birds. Food for insectivorous birds (the dominant feeding guild) is probably restricted in the plantation because few local species of invertebrates are likely to be adapted to living on exotic pines; invertebrate mobility as well as abundance is probably less in winter, so that fewer invertebrates enter the plantation from adjacent native forest. Windrows are an important habitat feature contributing to the diversity and abundance of birds within plantations, probably serving as 'corridors' through the alien habitat of exotic pines, thus enabling birds to range further into plantations. For approximately 40 per cent of the plantation life cycle, the influence of proximity of plantation edge on diversity and abundance of bird species is probably of limited importance, particularly in winter. Reducing plantation size in order to increase the diversity and abundance of bird species is not realistic, because plantations would have to be very small. Instead, emphasis should be placed on increasing the structural and floristic diversity of plantations by creating a broad range of successional stages throughout the plantation complex, by enhancing the habitat value of windrows, and by retaining native vegetation within and near plantations.
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Li, Ruida, Hua Zheng, Cuiping Zhang, Bonnie Keeler, Leah H. Samberg, Cong Li, Stephen Polasky, Yongming Ni und Zhiyun Ouyang. „Rural Household Livelihood and Tree Plantation Dependence in the Central Mountainous Region of Hainan Island, China: Implications for Poverty Alleviation“. Forests 11, Nr. 2 (24.02.2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020248.
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Plantations support local economies and rural livelihoods in many mountainous regions, where poverty and a fragile environment are often interlinked. Managing plantations sustainably and alleviating poverty is a major challenge. This study reports on the findings of a household livelihood survey in the central mountainous region of Hainan Island, a global biodiversity hotspot. The survey aimed to identify rural household livelihoods, strategies to lift rural households out of poverty and potential environmental consequences of different livelihood strategies. Households were divided into five groups based on their main source of income: plantations, crops, livestock, local off-farm income and remittances. Plantations were the main source of income for 74% of households and provided 46% of the total income. Plantation land area, planting diverse tree species and intercropping were significantly associated with higher income. Reallocating land by family size could increase the proportion of households above the poverty line in the plantation group from 51.3% to 85.3%, while making only 3.3% of households worse off. Lower income households tended to apply more chemicals to plantations, which suggests that they create more strain on the environment. Improving household income through dynamically allocating plantation land and diversifying planted species could therefore be beneficial both socially and environmentally. Our results emphasize the importance of dynamic plantation land allocation and diverse plantation planting in poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability.
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Mudhita, Ida Ketut, und Badrun Badrun. „FORAGE POTENTIAL IN THE AREA OF PALM OIL PLANTATION COMPANY, FARMER GROUPS AND SMALLHOLDER AS CATTLE FEED CROPS INWEST KOTAWARINGIN REGENCY CENTRAL BORNEO“. Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology 1, Nr. 1 (21.07.2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32938/jtast.v1i1.298.
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Business integration system is the palm oil industry combined with the cattle business or better known as system integration cow palm oil. This system utilizes waste palm plantation and waste by-product of palm oil mill as beef cattle feed. Forage in the palm oil plantations as: legume cover crops and weeds are several types of forage that can be used as cattle feed ingredients. The purpose of this study to determine the potential of forage in oil palm plantations in terms of forage production and nutrient content. Sampling conducted in Arut Selatan district Kotawaringin Barat regency. Forage samples taken in the oil palm plantations in 1 hectare and per hectare taken as much as 6 points using the tile size of 1 m x 1 m at random. Result indicate that forage production is more dominant plantation farmer group, were 3.882,4 kg/ha dry matter, forage production smallholders were 1.877,8 kg/ha and plantation company were: 1.337,9 kg/ha. Nutrient content of forage mainly crude protein highest in the plantation companies in the amount of 19,91% then 12,52% farmer group and smallholders at 5,33%, while crude fiber with the highest values found in smallholdings in the follow company then farmer groups with each of 39,92%, 33,92% and 31,22%. From this study it was concluded that, forages under of palm oil plantations in companies, farmer groups and smallholder plantations have good potential as forage feed for beef cattle with the best nutrient value in company plantations.
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Heinrichs, Steffi, Aníbal Pauchard und Peter Schall. „Native Plant Diversity and Composition Across a Pinus radiata D.Don Plantation Landscape in South-Central Chile—The Impact of Plantation Age, Logging Roads and Alien Species“. Forests 9, Nr. 9 (14.09.2018): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9090567.
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Alien tree plantations are expanding globally with potential negative effects for native biodiversity. We investigated plant species diversity and composition in a Pinus radiata landscape in south-central Chile, a biodiversity hotspot, by sampling understory vegetation in different plantation age classes, along forest roads and in natural forest remnants in order to find effective conservation measures for native biodiversity. Plantations, including different age classes and roadsides, maintained high native species richness at the landscape scale but supported a completely different community composition than natural forests. Thus, natural forest remnants must be conserved as plantations cannot replace them. Certain natural forest species occurred frequently in mature plantations and can represent starting points for retaining natural elements in plantations. Generalist native and alien species benefited from plantation management, mainly in young plantations and along roadsides. Stand maturation and a closed canopy, though, reduced alien species occurrences within plantations. Along roads, shade-tolerant aliens should be monitored and removed as they can potentially invade natural forests. Native species conservation in plantations requires a holistic approach of the full mosaic of land uses including the protection of remaining natural forests, alien species monitoring along roadsides and patches with continuous canopy cover to reduce pressure by alien species.
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Gupta, M., und Rajiv Pandey. „Soil organic carbon pool under different plantations in some districts of Uttarakhand and Haryana“. Indian Journal of Forestry 31, Nr. 3 (01.09.2008): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2008-45gjm2.
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A study was conducted to estimate the soil organic carbon pool under Eucalyptus, Poplar, Shisham and Teak plantations in Haridwar and Dehra Dun, districts of Uttarakhand and Yamunanagar District of Haryana State. Over all, SOC pool under Eucalyptus, Shisham and Teak plantations was higher in the study area in Uttarakhand except Poplar plantation where SOC pool, in the study area in Haryana was higher. It indicated that soils under Eucalyptus, Shisham and Teak plantations were better enriched by soil organic carbon in Uttarakhand as compared to Haryana. The SOC pool in all the plantations in Uttarakhand was statistically different while in Haryana SOC pool among Poplar, Eucalyptus and Shisham were non-significant. SOC pool in Shisham, Teak and Eucalyptus grown in Uttarakhand was significantly different from similar plantation grown in Haryana. Variations in SOC pool in plantation and barren land was also statistically significant in study area of both the states.
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Penglase, Kim, Tom Lewis und Sanjeev K. Srivastava. „A New Approach to Estimate Fuel Budget and Wildfire Hazard Assessment in Commercial Plantations Using Drone-Based Photogrammetry and Image Analysis“. Remote Sensing 15, Nr. 10 (18.05.2023): 2621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15102621.
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Increased demand for sustainable timber products has resulted in large investments in agroforestry in Australia, with plantations growing various Pinus species, selected to suit a plantation’s environment. Juvenile Pinus species have a low fire tolerance. With Australia’s history of wildfires and the likelihood of climate change exacerbating that risk, the potential for a total loss of invested capital is high unless cost-effective targeted risk minimisation is part of forest management plans. Based on the belief that the understory profiles within the juvenile plantations are a major factor determining fuel hazard risks, an accurate assessment of these profiles is required to effectively mitigate those risks. At present, assessment protocols are largely reliant on ground-based observations, which are labour-intensive, time consuming, and expensive. This research project investigates the effectiveness of using geospatial analysis of drone-derived photographic data collected in the commercial pine plantations of south-eastern Queensland as a cost-saving alternative to current fuel hazard risk assessment practices. Understory composition was determined using the supervised classification of orthomosaic images together with derivations of canopy height models (CHMs). The CHMs were subjected to marker-controlled watershed segmentation (MCWS) analysis, isolating and removing the plantation pine trees, enabling the quantification of understory fuel profiles. The method used proved highly applicable to immature forest environments with minimal canopy closure, but became less reliable for close canopied older plantations.
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Rather, Tanveer Ahmad, Amerjeet Singh und Bilkees Ayoob. „Impact of different silvipastoral systems on understorey vegetation and soil properties“. Range Management and Agroforestry 44, Nr. 02 (20.12.2023): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i2.22.
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The present investigation was carried out in seven different silvipastoral systems . T -TvizCedrus deodara, - 12Robinia pseudoacacia, - Cupressus torulosa, - Prunus armeniaca, - Ailanthus altissimaTTT, T - mixed 3456plantations and T - grassland (control) of Sindh range, Ganderbal Forest Division, Kashmir Province. It aimed 7to assess floristic composition of different plantations and their impact on understorey vegetation and soil nutrients. The results revealed that 12 shrub and 43 herb species were found in all these systems. Cyanodon dactylon Ailanthus altissima Cupressus torulosa was the dominating species under grassland (control), and plantations. was dominating under plantations.was Oxalis acetosella Cedrus deodara Lolium perenne dominating species under mixed stand, and plantations. Maximum Robinia pseudoacacia Prunus armeniaca available nitrogen was recorded in T - plantation (363.76 kg ha ), whereas the highest 2Robinia pseudoacacia-1values for phosphorus and potassium (23.44 kg ha and 312 kg ha respectively) were recorded in T --1-15Ailanthus altissima plantation. Maximum soil organic carbon and electrical conductivity (2.14% and 0.51 dSm , -1respectively) was recorded in T -plantation. pH in different plantation types followed the 5 Ailanthus altissima trend of T >T T T T >T T plantations.
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Borkotoky, Namrata. „Locating 'Coolie' Women's Health in Tea Plantation Environments in Colonial Assam“. Environment and History 27, Nr. 2 (01.05.2021): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734021x16076828553502.
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The history of Assam tea plantations in India is well-documented, yet a gender sensitive environmental history of these colonially-introduced plantation landscapes is absent. The colonial tea planters saw advantages in a growing female presence in their plantations, in terms of increased male ties to the plantation, lower wages for female workers and the added benefit of biological reproduction that would fulfil the need for manual labour in these plantations for generations. This paper attempts to understand how this plantation structure in general and the work regime in particular relied on a particular type of gender identity, which in turn had a detrimental effect on the health of the women labourers in this new landscape.
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Sekutowski, Tomasz R., Bartłomiej Karamon, Józef Rola und Henryka Rola. „The weed species composition in a reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) plantation for energy purposes depending on its age“. Acta Agrobotanica 67, Nr. 4 (2014): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2014.046.
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The present experiment, carried out in nine production fields of reed canary grass (<em>Phalaris arundinacea</em>) grown for energy purposes, evaluated the effect of plantation age on the occurrence and species composition of weeds. The selected plantations were divided into 3 groups that were conventionally called “young” (1–2 years old), “middle-aged” (3–5 years old), and “older” plantations (6–8 years old). Regardless of plantation age, altogether 43 species were found in the experimental fields. Moreover, 6 species were common for all the plantations and were found in them regardless of plantation age. The least species, only 18, were found on the “young” plantations, almost twice more on the “older” ones (30 species), whereas the largest spectrum of species was found in the “middle-aged” plantations (33 species). In the “young” plantations, annual weeds were the most common, with the highest constancy and coverage index found for <em>Chenopodium album</em>, <em>Matricaria maritima ssp. inodora</em> and <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>. The greatest variation in species was found in the “middle-aged” plantations. However, only 4 species achieved the highest constancy and coverage index: <em>Matricaria maritima ssp. inodora</em>, <em>Cirsium arvense, Poa trivialis</em> and <em>Taraxacum officinale</em>. Furthermore, perennial weeds were found to be dominant in the “older” plantations. Within this group, <em>Poa trivialis, Taraxacum officinale, Urtica dioica, Plantago maior</em>, and <em>Cirsium arvense</em> had the highest constancy and coverage index.
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Rotinsulu, Wiske, Geby Margaretha und Sandra Pakasi. „Spatial Mapping of Coconut Plantation in Airmadidi District, North Sulawesi Using Geographical Information System“. Journal of Agriculture 2, Nr. 03 (10.01.2024): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/joa.v2i03.3405.
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Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) known by many as the "tree of life is a leading agricultural commodity in North Sulawesi. Coconut is one of the most significant palm crops for both commercial and subsistence use worldwide. Airmadidi District has the potential for plantation land, especially coconut, which is indicated by the area of ??coconut plantation land in Airmadidi in 2021 of 3,373.13 Ha. This research aims to produce spatial mapping of coconut plantation in Airmadidi District using visual interpretation techniques; and to determine the area of ??coconut plantations in Airmadidi District. Visual interpretation method using on screen classification of satelite imagery SPOT 2022 obtained from SAS Planet. Images were digitized with a geographic information system using ArcGIS 10.8.2 software. The results of the visual interpretation show a map of the distribution of coconut plantations spread across all villages in Airmadidi District, North Minahasa Regency. The total area of coconut plantations in Airmadidi District is 3 023 Ha. Tanggari village has the largest spread of coconut plantations, namely 870,460 Ha, while Sarongsong Satu village has the smallest area, only 2.24 Ha. There was a decrease in the area of coconut plantation during the period of three year which was 305,51 Ha. The decline in the area of coconut plantations in North Sulawesi, especially in Airmadidi District, is thought to be caused by the conversion of coconut plantation land into residential or industrial areas.