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1
Wright, C. R. F. „The biophysical properties of plantar callus and the relationship between pressure and callus development and regression“. Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/36946/.
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Plantar calluses are common skin lesions which often require professional treatment by podiatrists. They commonly present under prominent areas such as the metatarsal heads and can cause significant discomfort during ambulation. Furthermore, they are one of the known risk factors for ulceration in individuals with systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Anecdotal evidence suggests that mechanical factors contribute to calluses and there are numerous studies linking callus to increased peak plantar pressure. However, whether callus is a result of increased pressure or vice versa remains unclear. Skin on other areas of the body has been shown to respond to external loading forces, but no research has specifically investigated the relationship between callus and pressure. A critical review of the literature explored the methods used for skin profiling through biophysical skin measurement. Skin hydration, distensibility and topography were revealed to be useful measurement parameters to characterise plantar skin and for this study, three devices were chosen for testing these parameters. However, as these devices have not received much attention for testing plantar callus in previous research, the first study investigated their repeatability on normal and callused plantar skin. These devices were shown to provide adequate measures of skin properties so they were then used in a larger scale study investigating the biophysical characteristics of normal and callused plantar skin. It was found that callused skin was less hydrated, less distensible, and rougher in texture than normal plantar skin. Work was then undertaken to develop a device that could apply loads to plantar skin in a safe manner so that the skin’s response to external loading could be assessed. A subsequent pilot study was conducted to assess whether normal plantar skin in individuals prone to callus would display callus-like skin changes as a result of increased vertical pressure applied by the skin loading device over a minimum period of six weeks. After the skin loading period, no effect could be observed in normal plantar skin properties. The reasons for this are explored in depth. A study was then undertaken in order to assess the effect of plantar pressure reduction in callused skin over a period of 12 weeks. Pressure reduction was achieved by using customised insoles worn by the study participants. No change in callused skin properties was observed and the reasons for this are explored in depth. These studies provide a strong starting point in understanding the link between pressure and callus and provide a foundation for further research.
2
Bevans, John S. „Mechanical, neuropathic and metabolic factors in the formation of plantar callus in diabetes“. Thesis, University of Salford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388486.
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3
Duffin, Anthony C., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College und of Science Food and Horticulture School. „Structural and functional changes in the feet of young people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus“. THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Duffin_A.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/408.
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Diabetes can affect the structure and function of the foot, resulting in severe limitation of mobility and reduction of life expectancy. Early warning signs include limited joint mobility (LJM), soft tissue changes, high plantar pressure (HPP), high pressure time integrals (P/TI) and plantar callus. These abnormalities were examined in 216 young people with diabetes and 57 controls. The fingers, toes, ankle subtalar and first metatarsophalangeal joints shows reduced motion and the plantar aponeurosis was thicker in diabetic subjects. Skin thickness was the same for diabetic and control subjects. LJM in the feet was more common in males and older subjects. Subtalar and finger LJM was associated with early sensory nerve changes and finger LJM was associated with retinopathy and higher HbAtc. Thicker plantar aponeurosis was associated with male gander and larger feet. High peak pressure, high P/TI and callus were no more common in diabetic subjects than controls. However, high P/TI and callus were associated with early sensory nerve changes in young people with diabetes. Diabetic subjects with callus were significantly older than those without callus. Those with HPP had higher body mass index and less motion at the first MTP joints than those without HPP. Although plantar callus, HPP and high P/TI were no more common in young people with diabetes these abnormailities may be complicated by diabetes. Cushioning, custom orthoses or both in combination significantly reduced peak pressure and P/TI in diabetic subjects.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
4
Daw, Julia. „Mechanically induced plantar hyperkeratosis“. Thesis, University of Brighton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260938.
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5
Seto, Kazuhisa. „On the Complexity of the Hajos Calculus for Planar Graphs“. 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120387.
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6
Souza, Isabel Cristina da CÃsta. „Biochemical characterization of callus laticÃferas species in response to salt stress and analysis of transcription osmotinas“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15574.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorCalotropis procera e Cryptostegia grandiflora sÃo plantas laticÃferas. Em seus fluidos laticÃferos, foram encontradas proteÃnas do tipo osmotina. A literatura reporta que osmotinas sÃo proteÃnas relacionadas com mecanismos de defesa vegetal em situaÃÃes de estresse biÃtico e/ou abiÃtico. Entretanto, ainda hà vÃrias inconsistÃncias nessa afirmaÃÃo. Nesse contexto, tÃcnicas in vitro de cultura de tecidos vegetais foram aplicadas como modelo para auxiliar na compreensÃo de como as cÃlulas de calos de C. procera e C. grandiflora respondem ao estresse salino, em termos bioquÃmicos, e se o nÃvel de transcritos para a osmotina seria aumentado em resposta à exposiÃÃo a NaCl. Para induÃÃo desse estresse, NaCl foi adicionado à formulaÃÃo nutritiva de Murashige e Skoog (MS), em concentraÃÃes crescentes (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 mM). Os resultados mostram que os calos cultivados com NaCl a 80 mM tiveram o crescimento e o teor de umidade reduzidos, respectivamente, em 33% e 10%, em C. procera e de 83% e 39%, em C. grandiflora, em comparaÃÃo ao seu tratamento controle. Nessas mesmas condiÃÃes, foi observado um aumento nas concentraÃÃes dos Ãons Na+ e Cl- de, respectivamente, 98,9% e 98%, em C. procera, e de 98,8% e 96%, em C. grandiflora. Foi tambÃm observada diminuiÃÃo no teor de K+ nos calos tratados com NaCl a 80 mM. Essa reduÃÃo foi de 43%, em C. procera, e de 18% em C. grandiflora, quando comparado ao tratamento controle. Os calos tratados com NaCl a 80 mM, apresentaram uma tendÃncia de acÃmulo de prolina e aÃÃcares solÃveis, alcanÃando, respectivamente valores, 26% e 37% maiores em calos de C. procera, e 55,4% e 45% maiores, em calos de C. grandiflora, que aqueles em condiÃÃes controle. O aumento na atividade das enzimas que degradam H2O2 foi observado em calos de C. grandiflora submetidos a estresse salino, sugerindo um possÃvel dano oxidativo. Esse aumento foi de 73%, para a ascorbato peroxidase, e de 62% para a peroxidase do guaiacol, nos calos tratados com NaCl a 80 mM, em relaÃÃo ao controle. NÃo foi observada qualquer alteraÃÃo significante na atividade das enzimas do sistema antioxidativo em razÃo do estresse salino em calos de C. procera. Em relaÃÃo à transcriÃÃo da osmotina, foi avaliado o perfil de seus transcritos nos intervalos de tempo de 0, 2, 12, 24, 48 horas e de 4, 7, 14 e 28 dias sob estresse. Os transcritos de osmotina foram observados a partir de 12 horas de contato dos calos com NaCl a 80 mM, em ambas as espÃcies. Contudo, nos extratos proteicos dos calos de C. procera e C. grandiflora cultivados em condiÃÃes controle e de 80 mM de NaCl, nÃo foi detectada a presenÃa da proteÃna osmotina quando avaliado pelos ensaios de eletroforese, Dot blotting e espectrometria de massas. Assim, a avaliaÃÃo do estresse salino utilizando como modelo de estudo cÃlulas in vitro foi eficiente, fornecendo informaÃÃes do comportamento celular de duas espÃcies laticÃferas, mostrando suas alteraÃÃes fisiolÃgicas, bioquÃmicas e moleculares. Os resultados sugerem que o estresse salino favoreceu o aumento da transcriÃÃo do gene da osmotina em calos das duas espÃcies em estudo e permite propor uma possÃvel relaÃÃo das osmotinas dessas espÃcies com a tolerÃncia à salinidade. A falha em detectar as proteÃnas correspondentes aos genes propicia a concepÃÃo de vÃrias novas hipÃteses a serem validadas.
Calotropis procera e Cryptostegia grandiflora are laticiferous plants. It was found osmotin protein. The literature shows that the osmotinas are associated to plant defence mechanisms in situations of biotic or abiotic stress. However, there are still several inconsistencies in this hypothesis. In this context, it was used in vitro tissue culture techniques as model to assist in the understanding of how the C. procera and C. grandiflora callus cells respond to salt stress in biochemical terms, and whether the transcripts level for osmotin has raised in response to exposure to NaCl. It was added NaCl to the culture medium of Murashige e Skoog (MS) in increasing concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 mM). The results show that callus treated with 80 mM NaCl have reduced the growth and the humidity percentage of respectively 33% and 10% in C. procera and 83% and 39% in C. grandiflora compared to the control treatment callus. Under the same conditions, it was seen an increase in ions concentrations of Na+ and Cl-, 98.9% and 98% in C. procera and 98.8% and 96% in C. grandiflora respectively. It was also seen a reduction in K+ level in callus treated with 80 mM NaCl, 43% in C. procera and 18% in C. Grandiflora, when compared to the control. The callus treated with 80 mM NaCl, showed a tendency of the proline accumulation and soluble sugars, increasing 26% and 37% in C. procera callus and 55.4% and 45% in C. grandiflora callus, respectively, when compared to control conditions. The increase in the activity of enzymes that break H2O2 has been observed in C. grandiflora callus under the salt stress, suggesting a possible oxidative damage, this increase was 73% in the ascorbate peroxidase activity and 62% in guaiacol peroxidase activity when compared to the activity of enzymes of the control callus with the treaty in 80 mM NaCl. None connection was seen between changes in the activity of the enzymes of the oxidative system and the salt stress in C. procera callus. It was evaluated the behaviour of osmotin in the osmotin transcription at 0, 2, 12, 24, 48 hours and at 4, 7, 14, 28 days of callus contact under stress. The osmotin transcripts were observed from 12 hours of contact of callus in 80mM NaCl in both species. However, it was not found osmotin by electrophoresis assays, dot blotting and mass spectrometry in the protein extracts of C. procera and C. grandiflora callus grown in control conditions and in 80 mM NaCl. Thus, the salt stress evaluation using in vitro cell model study was effective, providing cellular behaviour information for these two laticifers plants species showing their physiological, biochemical and molecular changes. The results suggest that the induced salt stress has favoured the increase of osmotin gene expression in both cases and suggests a possible relationship between osmotin of these species with the protection to salinity conditions. The failure to detect the proteins corresponding to genes provides the conception of several new hypotheses to be validated.
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Ribeiro, Beatriz Mateus. „Casas para um planeta pequeno“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15375.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Valdivia, Sepúlveda Carlos Christian. „Cultivo de callos de Vitis vinífera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon infectados con grapevine fan leaf virus (GFLV)“. Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101813.
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Las enfermedades virales afectan tanto la calidad como la productividad de la vid, causando variados síntomas. Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus (Virus de la Hoja en Abanico de la Vid, GFLV) produce moteado y deformación de hojas, deformación de sarmientos, cuaja deficiente y maduración desuniforme.En Chile, la incidencia de este virus llega al 0,2%, mientras que las pérdidas en el rendimiento se han estimado hasta en un 12%. Puesto que los virus son de difícil estudio, se hace necesario el uso de métodos eficaces de mantención en laboratorio de este tipo de patógenos con fines de investigación, siendo el cultivo de callos infectados una de las técnicas empleadas.
Para establecer un medio de cultivo adecuado para mantener GFLV sobre callo de vid Cabernet Sauvignon, se realizaron dos ensayos. El primero para establecer la combinación de fitohormonas que induce el mayor crecimiento, y el segundo para determinar la mantención del virus en el callo después de un tiempo en cultivo in vitro. Se indujo el crecimiento de callo en un medio MS suplementado con 2,4-D (0,1; 0,5; 1,0 y 2,0 ppm) y BA (0,5; 1,0 y 2,0 ppm). El cultivo se mantuvo por 8 semanas. En el segundo ensayo, trozos de láminas infectadas con GFLV se colocaron sobre el medio que promovió el mayor crecimiento y se verificó la presencia de GFLV durante 8 semanas mediante test ELISA.
El crecimiento de los callos fue afectado principalmente por la concentración de 2,4-D, a mayor concentración, mayor crecimiento del callo. A mayor concentración de 2,4 D también se observa un marcado efecto del BA: concentraciones bajas de este regulador hormonal logran el mayor desarrollo de callo. 0,5 ppm de BA combinado con 1 y 2 ppm de 2,4-D presentaron el mayor crecimiento. Los callos infectados con GFLV presentaron un aspecto compacto y pardeado. La absorbancia observada en callos de 2 a 8 semanas fue al menos tres veces superior a la de tejido in vitro e in vivo infectados con GFLV, y más de 18 veces superior al control negativo, no existiendo diferencia significativa entre la absorbancia de los callos positivos al virus. Finalmente, se determinó que la carga viral de los callos no disminuyó al transcurrir el tiempo, por lo que se presume que el virus se multiplica junto con las células del callo.Diseases caused by viruses affect the quality and the productivity of grapevine causing several symptoms. Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus (GFLV) produces mottling and deformed leaves and shoots, fruit dropping and uneven ripening. Since the study of the viruses is very difficult, it is necessary an effective method of maintenance of this type of pathogens in laboratory with investigation aims, being the culture of infected callus one of the employed techniques. Two trials were made in order to establish a proper culture medium for maintaining GFLV on callus tissue of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine. The first one was targeted to establish the growth regulator’s combination which induces the highest growing ratio. The second trial was focused on the long term maintenance of the virus within the callus. The callus growth was induced on MS medium suplemented with 2,4-D (0,1; 0,5; 1,0 and 2,0 ppm) and BA (0,5; 1,0 and 2,0 ppm). The culture was kept for 8 weeks. In the second trial, leaves sections infected with GFLV were placed on the medium that promoted the highest growth and the presence of GFLV was verified by ELISA test during the mentioned period.. The callus growth prooved to be influenced mainly by 2,4-D. A direct relation exists between the increasing 2,4-D concentration and the callus growth. At a higher concentration of 2,4-D a noticeable effect of the concentration of BA is also observed: low concentrations of this hormonal regulator result in a higher development of callus. 0,5 ppm of BA in combination with 1 and 2 ppm of 2,4-D displayed the highest growth. The infected calli with GFLV showed a brownish and compact aspect of the tissue. The absorbance measured in calli from 2 to 8 weeks was at least three times superior than the one of in vitro and in vivo tissue infected with GFLV, and 18 times superior than the negative control. A significant difference between the absorbance of the positive calli to the virus does not exist. Finally, the virus presence is not affected on long term culture, therefore it is presumed that the virus multiplies simultaneously to callus growth.
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Montanucci, Cleuza Aparecida da Rocha. „Caracterização botânica, avaliação da germinação de sementes e regeneração de plantas de Brugmansia suaveolens (Willd.). Bercht. & J. Presl“. Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2011. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1407.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-20Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The knowledge of morphological and ecophysiological features ofBrugmansia suaveolens (Willd.).Bercht.& J. Presl is the first step towards the use of this species with biotechnological purpose. This study aimed to: 1) the morphological characteristics of specimens of B. suaveolens, 2) evaluation of in vitro germination rates under different conditions of seed´s treatment. 3) the establishment of an efficient regeneration protocol in B. suaveolens. We evaluated the rates of regeneration, the percentages of calli induction and calli size, germination of embryos, the number of embriogenic spots and the number of regenerated plantlets. As results, 22 individuals were collected and grouped into three different groups, differing only by flowers colors. The fruits showed mean values of: 975 mm long, 189 mm wide and 6.99 g of weight Seeds presented mean values of7 mm long, 6.00 mm width, 3.04 mm thicknessand mass of 0.39 g.The estimated period for initiation of the germination process without the presence of the tegument was 14 days. In all treatments there was an increased cumulative germination. Regarding the effect of pre-treatments can be observed that temperatures of 4 ºC and 50 ºC did not promote differences between treatments. Exposure to sulfuric acid and soaking the seeds in water for longer periods of reduced germination. The presence of gibberellic acid caused inhibition of embryo development in vitro. In the development of regeneration protocols, the establishment of plants from mature embryos of this species, the percentage of calli induction ranged from 26 to 100%, the ratio seedling / callus induced ranged from 0 to 0.84 and the efficiency of regeneration ranged from 0 to 32%. The dosages of 0.5 mg L-1 2.4 D and 1.0 mg L-1 KIN were more efficient regarding to calli induction, calli size, number of green spots points and regenerated plantlets. High concentrations of growth regulators (1 mg L-1 2-4 D and 1.0 mg L-1 KIN) were inhibitory to calli formation and regeneration, the absence of these regulators promoted the formation of calli but any plantlets of B.suaveolens were gotten
O conhecimento das características morfológicas e ecofisiológicas de plantas de Brugmansia suaveolens (Willd.). Bercht. & J. Preslé o primeiro passo para o uso desta espécie com finalidade biotecnológica. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: 1) a caracterização morfológica de acessos da B. suaveolens; 2) avaliação do comportamento germinativo das sementes in vitro sob diferentes condições de tratamento e 3) o estabelecimento de protocolo de regeneração eficiente de B. suaveolens. Foram avaliados os índices de regeneração, além das porcentagens de indução e tamanho de calos, da germinação de embriões, o número de pontuações verdes e o número de plântulas regeneradas. Como resultados obtidos, 22 indivíduos de B. suaveolens foram coletados e agrupados em três grupos, diferindo apenas nas cores das flores. Os frutos apresentaram valores médios de: 975mm de comprimento, 189 mm de largura e 6,99 g de massa, as sementes de 7mm de comprimento, 6 mm de largura, 3,04mm e espessura e massa de 0,39 g. O período estimado para o início do processo germinativo sem a presença do tegumento foi de 14 dias. Em todos os tratamentos observou-se uma germinação acumulada aumentada. Em relação ao efeito dos tratamentos pode-se observar que temperaturas de 4 ºC e 50 ºC não propiciaram diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos. A exposição ao ácido sulfúrico e a embebição das sementes em água por períodos maiores que 24 horas, reduziram a germinação. A presença do ácido giberélico promoveu a inibição do desenvolvimento dos embriões in vitro. No desenvolvimento do protocolo de regeneração para o estabelecimento de plantas a partir de embriões maduros para esta espécie, a porcentagem de indução de calos variou de 26a100%, a razão plântula/calo induzido variou de 0 a 0,84 e a eficiência de regeneração variou de 0a32%. As dosagens de 0,5mgL-1 de 2,4-D e 1,0mg L-1 KIN foram as mais eficientes nas respostas para indução de calos, no tamanho de calos, no número de pontos embriogênicos e plântulas regeneradas. Altas concentrações de reguladores de crescimento (1,0mgL-1 de 2,4-D e 1,0mg L-1 KIN) inibiram a calogênese e regeneração; a ausência destes reguladores promoveram a formação de calos mas não a regeneração de plantas de B. suaveolens
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Vila, Porras Gumercindo Raúl. „Análisis del uso de plantas medicinales en mercados de abastos del distrito de Ventanilla-Callao, 2007“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1630.
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El Perú es un país poseedor de una gran biodiversidad y experiencia en el uso tradicional de plantas medicinales, fuente de recursos naturales para la investigación y desarrollo de fitomedicamentos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el uso y utilización de plantas medicinales en los clientes de cuatro mercados de abastos del distrito de Ventanilla- callao, junio – diciembre 2007; para este efecto se evaluaron a 97 usuarios de plantas medicinales mediante una encuesta, para determinar la necesidad de ser orientados profesionalmente, y se evaluaron a 20 vendedores de plantas medicinales con la finalidad de identificar su formación en plantas medicinales. A las encuestas se les efectuó un análisis de validez y confiabilidad por el método de Coeficiente de Consistencia Interna Alfa de Cronbach para determinar su significancia estadística. Se les codificó y creó una base de datos en el programa SPPSS v 12. En los usuarios de plantas medicinales se ha determinado la necesidad de orientación y educación profesional sobre el uso de plantas medicinales; en los vendedores de plantas se ha determinado que no tienen una formación académica sobre el uso de plantas medicinales, por lo que en el presente trabajo de investigación se propone una serie de herramientas técnicas en Consejería Farmacéutica de plantas medicinales en los establecimientos farmacéuticos como farmacias y boticas.Peru is a country in possession of a great biodiversity and experience in the use of traditional medicinal plants, a source of natural resources for research and development of phytomedicines. The purpose of this study to use of medicinal plats in four markets of the Ventanilla district- Callao, june – December 2007; to this effect were assessed to 97 users of medicinal plants through a survey to determine the need to be professionally oriented, and 20 sellers in the plant with the intention of measuring its formation in plants medicinal. In the surveys were conducted an analysis of validity and reliability of the method of internal consistency coefficient of Cronbach Alfa to determine their statistical significance. They were codified and created a database on the program SPSS v12. In users of medicinal plants has identified a need for professional guidance and education on the use of medicinal plants; sellers in the plant have been determined to have no formal training on the use of medicinal plants, so in this research work proposes a set of technical tools in pharmaceutical counseling for the use and utilization of medicinal plants and pharmaceuticals in drugstores and pharmacies in our country.
Tesis
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Santos, Renata Thaysa da Silva [UNESP]. „Relação do espalhamento de caldas fitossanitárias em superfícies de folhas com o controle de plantas daninhas“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151664.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O espalhamento das gotas sobre superfícies vegetais pode indicar eficiência na aplicação de herbicidas. Porém, o espalhamento de uma gota depende das características da calda fitossanitária, especificamente das propriedades físico-químicas e as suas interações com as superfícies onde as gotas se depositam. As propriedades físicas, como tensão superficial e ângulo de contato podem ser alteradas pela adição de adjuvantes ao tanque do pulverizador. Assim, o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que avaliem a interação dos herbicidas associados a adjuvantes é importante para a recomendação correta do adjuvante, uma vez que o adjuvante pode proporcionar maior espalhamento da gota sobre a superfície de diferentes espécies de plantas, e potencializar o controle. Nesse sentido foram realizados dois estudos, sendo o primeiro para avaliar a tensão superficial e o ângulo de contato em três espécies do gênero Sida. No segundo foi avaliado o ângulo de contato de seis espécies de plantas daninhas e a relação do ângulo com o controle de Lantana camara e Crotalaria incana, de ocorrência em pastagem, ambiente vastamente cultivado no Brasil, mas no qual são raros os trabalhos desta natureza. Concluiu-se que a adição do adjuvante lecitina ao herbicida aminopiralide + fluroxipir reduz o ângulo de contato das gotas sobre as superfícies adaxial e abaxial de Sida cordifolia e Sida glaziovii. E quanto menor ângulo de contato maior controle das espécies avaliadas.
The spreading of the drops on plant surfaces may indicate the possible success in herbicide application. However, the spread of a drop depends on the characteristics of the spray solution, specifically the physicochemical properties and their interactions with the surfaces where the drops settle. Physical properties such as surface tension and contact angle can be altered by the addition of adjuvants to the spray tank. Thus, the development of research that evaluates the interaction of herbicides associated with adjuvants is important for the correct recommendation of the adjuvant, since the adjuvant can provide greater spreading of the drop on the surface of different species of plants, and potentiate the control. In this sense two studies were carried out, being the first to evaluate the surface tension and the contact angle in three species of the Sida genus. In the second, was evaluated the contact angle of six weed species and the angle relationship with the control of Lantana camara and Crotalaria incana, a pasture, an area widely cultivated in Brazil, but in which works of this nature are rare. It was concluded that the addition of the lecithin adjuvant to the aminopyralid herbicide + fluroxypyr reduces the contact angle of the drops on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of Sida cordifolia and Sida glaziovii. And the lower the contact angle the greater the control of the evaluated species.
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Santos, Renata Thaysa da Silva. „Relação do espalhamento de caldas fitossanitárias em superfícies de folhas com o controle de plantas daninhas /“. Jaboticabal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151664.
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Orientador: Marcelo da Costa FerreiraCoorientador: Rafael Gomes Viana
Banca: Rone Batista de Oliveira
Banca; Mariluce Pascoina Nepomuceno
Resumo: O espalhamento das gotas sobre superfícies vegetais pode indicar eficiência na aplicação de herbicidas. Porém, o espalhamento de uma gota depende das características da calda fitossanitária, especificamente das propriedades físico-químicas e as suas interações com as superfícies onde as gotas se depositam. As propriedades físicas, como tensão superficial e ângulo de contato podem ser alteradas pela adição de adjuvantes ao tanque do pulverizador. Assim, o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que avaliem a interação dos herbicidas associados a adjuvantes é importante para a recomendação correta do adjuvante, uma vez que o adjuvante pode proporcionar maior espalhamento da gota sobre a superfície de diferentes espécies de plantas, e potencializar o controle. Nesse sentido foram realizados dois estudos, sendo o primeiro para avaliar a tensão superficial e o ângulo de contato em três espécies do gênero Sida. No segundo foi avaliado o ângulo de contato de seis espécies de plantas daninhas e a relação do ângulo com o controle de Lantana camara e Crotalaria incana, de ocorrência em pastagem, ambiente vastamente cultivado no Brasil, mas no qual são raros os trabalhos desta natureza. Concluiu-se que a adição do adjuvante lecitina ao herbicida aminopiralide + fluroxipir reduz o ângulo de contato das gotas sobre as superfícies adaxial e abaxial de Sida cordifolia e Sida glaziovii. E quanto menor ângulo de contato maior controle das espécies avaliadas.
Abstract: The spreading of the drops on plant surfaces may indicate the possible success in herbicide application. However, the spread of a drop depends on the characteristics of the spray solution, specifically the physicochemical properties and their interactions with the surfaces where the drops settle. Physical properties such as surface tension and contact angle can be altered by the addition of adjuvants to the spray tank. Thus, the development of research that evaluates the interaction of herbicides associated with adjuvants is important for the correct recommendation of the adjuvant, since the adjuvant can provide greater spreading of the drop on the surface of different species of plants, and potentiate the control. In this sense two studies were carried out, being the first to evaluate the surface tension and the contact angle in three species of the Sida genus. In the second, was evaluated the contact angle of six weed species and the angle relationship with the control of Lantana camara and Crotalaria incana, a pasture, an area widely cultivated in Brazil, but in which works of this nature are rare. It was concluded that the addition of the lecithin adjuvant to the aminopyralid herbicide + fluroxypyr reduces the contact angle of the drops on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of Sida cordifolia and Sida glaziovii. And the lower the contact angle the greater the control of the evaluated species.
Mestre
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Hinostroza, Segura Darryl Helmut. „Proyecto constructivo Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales Taboada – PTAR Taboada“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14297.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorEl documento digital no refiere asesor
Describe del Proyecto Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales Taboada - PTAR TABOADA, la cual permitirá el tratamiento de las aguas residuales, vertidas por 27 distritos de Lima y Callao a través de los colectores Interceptor Norte, Comas-Chillón y de la Línea de Impulsión Sarita Colonia, antes de su vertimiento final hacia el mar a través de un emisario submarino, cumpliendo con los parámetros de calidad exigidos en la zona costera del cuerpo receptor, según lo establecido en la Ley de Recursos Hídricos(Ley 29338), que regula el uso y gestión integrada de los recursos hídricos.
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
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Guidolin, Altamir Frederico. „Regeneração de plantas de Phaseolus vulgaris L. a partir de calos e transformação genética via Agrobacterium“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64132/tde-05052003-172831/.
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A transformação genética pode contribuir substancialmente para o melhoramento genético do feijão, permitindo a introdução de genes que contribuam para o aumento da produtividade e estabilidade da produção. A metodologia de transformação genética de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris), ora disponível (biobalística em embriões) apresenta baixa eficiência, o que dificulta o seu uso em pesquisas envolvendo a transferência de genes e não permite seu uso de forma ampla em programas de melhoramento genético da cultura. Um método efetivo e reprodutível de regeneração de plantas, a partir de células ou tecidos, é essencial em estudos de genética e melhoramento envolvendo a transferência de genes pela engenharia genética. Os métodos de transformação somente terão sucesso se tivermos previamente estabelecido um protocolo eficiente de regeneração de plantas a partir de tecidos potencialmente transformáveis. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um protocolo de transformação genética de feijão via Agrobacterium. O primeiro passo no desenvolvimento deste protocolo foi o estabelecimento de um sistema eficiente de regeneração de plantas a partir de calos. O passo seguinte foi o estabelecimento de metodologia da transformação de calos via Agrobacterium.The genetic transformation can contribute substantially with the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding, allowing the introduction of genes to improve productivity and its stability. The transformation methodology of bean, now available (biolistic in embryos), is not efficient, which prevents its use in bean breeding programs. A reproducible and effective method of plant regeneration, from cells or tissues is essential in genetics studies and plant breeding, involving the genetic engineering. The transformation methods will only work if we can previously establish an efficient plant regeneration protocol from tissues with potential for transformation. The aim of this work was to develop an efficient transformation protocol of bean via Agrobacterium. The first step was to establish an efficient system of plant regeneration from callus, followed by the establishment of a transformation methodology via Agrobacterium.
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Iglesias, Alexandre. „Calcul d'itinéraire multicritère en transport multimodal“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEM025/document.
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Les travaux effectués dans cette thèse industrielle concernent l'amélioration du calculateur d'itinéraire de Cityway, société spécialisée dans les technologies de l’information appliquées à la mobilité.Nous avons d'abord établi un état de l'art exhaustif, accompagné d'une mise en perspective de l'existant Cityway avec celui-ci. Cela nous a permis d'aider l'entreprise à prendre du recul sur son produit et de justifier les axes de recherche choisis pour nos travaux.Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés à l'aspect multicritère du problème. En effet, le calculateur, basé sur l'algorithme de Dijkstra, permet de trouver des trajets minimisant une somme pondérée de critères. Nous avons développé un algorithme multilabel permettant de conserver et étendre plusieurs labels au même nœud. Malgré une légère augmentation des temps de calculs, des résultats satisfaisants ont été obtenus dans une application bicritère de ce nouvel algorithme.Nous avons également travaillé sur la génération et la sélection de trajets alternatifs. La génération s'appuie sur les algorithmes monolabel ou multilabel. La sélection s'appuie quant à elle sur la définition d'une distance entre les solutions et des méthodes de regroupement.Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'optimisation du calcul du critère lexicographique de durée minimale dans le cas bicritère. Pour qu'un trajet soit intéressant, il faut qu'il soit optimal sur les critères usuels, mais aussi qu'il dure le moins longtemps possible. L'utilisation de certaines propriétés sur ce critère permet de réduire des temps de calcul initialement trop longsThe work carried out in this industrial PhD aims at improving the route planner of Cityway, a company specialized in information technologies applied to mobility. We first established an exhaustive state of the art, and compared it to the existing Cityway product. This allowed us to help the company take a step back from its urgent needs, and justify the research guidelines chosen for our work.We then looked at the multi-criteria aspect of the problem. Indeed, the trip planner, based on the Dijkstra algorithm, makes it possible to find paths minimizing a weighted sum of criteria. We have developed a multilabel algorithm to maintain and extend multiple labels at the same node. Despite a slight increase in computation time, satisfactory results were obtained in a bicriteria application of this new algorithm.We also worked on the generation and selection of alternative routes. The generation algorithm relies on the existing monolabel or newly developed multilabel algorithms. The selection algorithm is based on the definition of a distance between trips and adaptations of existing clustering algorithms to this specific case.Finally, we were interested in what we called the lexicographic criterion. For a trip to be interesting, it must be optimal on the usual criterion of earliest arrival, and, for trips arriving at the same time, on the latest departure criterion. The use of certain properties on this criterion makes it possible to reduce computation times on the bicriteria case
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Valladares, Zapata Cruz. „Descargas de GLP en planta Callao método de cálculo de volumen y peso comparación con cálculos de buque – diferencias“. Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2006. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2006/valladares_zc/html/index-frames.html.
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17
Talavera, Montalván Andrés. „Estudio de pre-factibilidad de una planta procesadora de agregados en el río Rímac para Lima Metropolitana y Callao“. Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/1505.
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La presente tesis tiene como objetivo evaluar la viabilidad técnica, económica y
financiera de un estudio de pre-factibilidad de una planta procesadora de agregados en
el cauce del rio Rímac para Lima metropolitana y Callao.
En el Análisis Estratégico se aplicará al sector de producción de agregados para
construcción dos metodologías de análisis competitivos= que son el análisis “FODA” y
el de las "5 Fuerzas de Porter”.
En el Estudio de Mercado se define la naturaleza de los agregados así como el rol que
juega dentro del sector concretero dentro de la construcción. Además se identifica la
demanda creciente que actualmente existe y se compara contra la oferta de sus
competidores. Luego se determina la demanda insatisfecha en el mercado y con ello la
demanda del proyecto para los 10 años de su horizonte. Finalmente se desarrolla la
estrategia de comercialización así como el precio al cual se venderán estos agregados.
En el Estudio Técnico se determina la localización óptima de la planta, asimismo se
determina el tamaño de la misma y la brecha insatisfecha que se pretende cubrir.
También se detalla el proceso productivo, la infraestructura y maquinaria requerida y el
programa de producción anual en el horizonte del proyecto. Por último, se realiza un
Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) y se elabora un cronograma general de
implementación para la planta.
En el Estudio de Organización y Legal se describe el tipo de organización que tendrá la
empresa, detallando los aspectos jurídicos de la misma. además de la presentación del
organigrama. la descripción de las funciones por puesto y los requerimientos de
personal.
En el Estudio Económico y Financiero se determina la inversión a realizar, así como la
selección de la mejor alternativa de financiamiento. Luego se proyectan los principales
Estados Financieros, se calcula el COK y se demuestra la viabilidad económica y
financiera del proyecto a través de los resultados de los índices de rentabilidad tales
como Valor Actual Neto (VANE y VANF) y Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIRE y TIRF).Tesis
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Pinheiro, Patrícia dos Santos. „Saberes, plantas e caldas : a rede sociotécnica de produção agrícola de base ecológica no sul do Rio Grande do Sul“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/36128.
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A agricultura orgânica, natural ou ecológica, entre outras (neste texto reunidas sob o termo “agricultura de base ecológica”) envolve agricultores, instituições de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, consumidores e mediadores sociotécnicos. Mas além desses atores humanos, também são mobilizadas técnicas de produção, produtos inovadores, plantas, o solo, a água, entre outros. Neste processo assumem importância produtos preventivos de doenças das plantas, como os homeopáticos, o “Curamor”, o “Curapest” e o “Xispatudo”; os agroquímicos – mesmo quando não mais são usados – e plantas como o butiá, o araçá, o ananás e o pinheiro brasileiro, etc. Tais objetos que emergem são entendidos como relevantes atores por possuírem capacidade de agência, isto é, mobilizam e modificam sentidos estabelecidos entre os envolvidos. Com o foco na importância dos objetos e no seu trabalho de mediação, este trabalho busca realizar uma reflexão sobre as diferentes associações que englobam seres humanos, entidades e objetos, formando uma rede de produção de base ecológica localizada no extremo sul do Brasil, principalmente nos municípios de São Lourenço do Sul, Pelotas e Canguçu, no Rio Grande do Sul. Desta maneira, busca-se analisar, a partir de pesquisa etnográfica, como os diversos atores, em contexto de ação, mantêm uma série de vínculos, fluxos de conhecimento e de práticas em torno da produção, de acordo com a concepção do que seja mais legítimo e necessário no momento. É utilizado o referencial teórico da Teoria do Ator-Rede, que possibilita a análise de como são mantidas as interações entre os coletivos de humanos e de não humanos, com o entendimento das especificidades construídas a partir dessas complexas relações.Organic, natural or ecological agriculture, among others (in this text congregated under the term “ecological-basis agriculture”) involves farmers, research institutions, consumers and socio-technical mediators. But beyond these human actors, also techniques of production, innovative products, the water, the soil, and others. In this process, to be assume importance preventive products of “diseases” of plants, such as homeopathic, the “Curamor”, the “Xispatudo” and “Curapest”, agrochemicals, even when they are no longer used, and plants such as butia, guava, ananás and brazilian pine, among others. Such objects that emerge will be understood as relevant actors, or actants, having capacity for agency, that is, mobilize and modify directions established between humans. With the focus in the importance of objects and their mediation work, this work seeks to reflect on the different associations in this net which includes humans, entities and objects formed a production net of ecological-basis agriculture in southern Brazil, mainly the municipalities of São Lourenço do Sul, Canguçu and Pelotas in Rio Grande do Sul. In this way, one seeks to analyze, from ethnographic methods, how the various actors in action context, maintains a series of links, flows of knowledge and practices around the production, according to the conception that is more legitimate and necessary for the moment. Will use the theoretical reference of Actor-Network Theory, that makes possible the analysis of as the interactions between the collective ones of human beings and not human are kept, with the agreement of the specificity constructed from these complex relationships.
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Queiroz, Mateus Francisco Paes de. „Espectro de gotas e características físicas de caldas com adjuvantes tensoativos e os herbicidas glyphosate e 2,4-D, isolados e em mistura“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153860.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A demanda de pesquisa em adjuvantes no Brasil é crescente, uma vez que esses produtos são classificados em um único grupo dentro dos sistemas de classificação de defensivos agrícolas. Por isso, torna-se imprescindível o conhecimento do comportamento dos diferentes adjuvantes em função da interferência que causam na calda de pulverização, afetando o processo de formação de gotas, influenciando diretamente na qualidade da pulverização. Essas variações são também influenciadas pelo modelo de ponta de pulverização e pelos defensivos agrícolas utilizados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as interações entre as características físicas das caldas (tensão superficial e viscosidade) e os parâmetros do espectro de gotas gerados por pontas hidráulicas de jato plano com e sem indução de ar e correlacionar essas variáveis visando um entendimento maior do comportamento das caldas contendo herbicidas isolados ou em mistura e com adição ou não de adjuvantes. A análise do espectro de gotas dos tratamentos foi feita simulando a pulverização em laboratório e as gotas avaliadas por um analisador de partículas em tempo real. As características físicas da calda avaliadas foram viscosidade, tensão superficial estática e tensão superficial dinâmica. Os tratamentos foram compostos por glyphosate, 2,4-D e três adjuvantes tensoativos e as pontas utilizadas foram XR 11002 (sem indução de ar) e AIXR 11002 (com indução de ar). Para todos os tratamentos, a ponta AIXR 11002 gerou o maior tamanho de gotas comparada à ponta XR 11002, sendo considerada uma técnica de redução de deriva. Para as características físico-químicas, a mistura entre glyphosate e 2,4-D interferiu em todos os fatores de forma diferente para cada adjuvante, também influenciados pelo modelo de ponta utilizado. As correlações foram analisadas separadamente de modo que se avaliou caldas com e sem a presença de 2,4-D. As correlações tiveram comportamentos diferentes em função da calda avaliada e da ponta utilizada.
There is a demand for adjuvant research in Brazil, since these products are all classified in the same group of chemicals products. Therefore, it is necessary to know the behavior of different adjuvants interfering in the tank mix, affecting the process of droplet formation, directly influencing the quality of the application. These variations are also influenced by the nozzle model and the pesticides used. The objective of this work was to determine the interactions between the physical characteristics of the spray mix (superficial tension and viscosity) and the parameters of the droplet spectrum generated by hydraulic jet nozzles with and without air induction and to correlate these variables for a better understanding of the behavior of the tank mix containing herbicides with or without adjuvants. The droplet spectrum analysis of the treatments was done simulating a pulverization in the laboratory and the drops evaluated by a particles analyzer in real time. The physical characteristics evaluated were dynamic and static surface tension and viscosity. The treatments were composed by glyphosate, 2,4-D and three surfactant adjuvants and the nozzles used were XR 11002 (without air induction) and AIXR 11002 (with air induction). For all treatments, the AIXR 11002 nozzle generated the largest droplet size compared to the XR 11002 nozzle, relying on its positioning as a drift reduction technique. For physicochemical characteristics, the mixture between glyphosate and 2,4-D did interfere all factors in different ways, influenced by the nozzle model. The correlations behaved differently as the tank mix changed as well as the nozzle models.
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Prot, Olivier. „Methode de r'egularisation entropique et application au calcul de la fonction de distribution des ondes“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689874.
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La détermination des directions de propagation d'une onde électromagnétique, à partir des mesures du champ, est un problème "mal-posé". En utilisant le concept de fonction de distribution des ondes (FDO), cela revient 'a "inverser" un opérateur linéaire non-bijectif. Nous avons développé une méthode de régularisation entropique pour résoudre ce problème. L'utilisation de l'entropie est numériquement avantageuse et permet de déterminer une solution contenant l'information minimale requise par la donnée. Une généralisation de la méthode a ensuite été étudiée. Le calcul effectif de la FDO a été effectué d'abord dans le cas du vide sur des données synthétiques, puis sur des données provenant du satellite FREJA. La méthode est automatique, robuste et permet de déterminer des solutions stables. Les résultats obtenus sont en accord avec ceux obtenus par d'autres méthodes. Ils sont toutefois plus diffus, ce qui est préférable dans la situation considérée.
21
Blancas, Peña Edward Gustavo. „Estudio de pre-factibilidad para la instalación de una planta de reciclaje de baterías de ácido plomo en la ciudad de Lima y Callao“. Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13166.
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En los últimos años se ha producido en el Perú un cambio en la matriz de producción de Plomo
metálico; tal es así que a partir del año 2010, después del cierre de la Refinería de la Oroya, la
producción nacional de plomo metálico pasó de ser aproximadamente 114,000 TM en el año 2008 a ser
aproximadamente de tan sólo 12,000 TM en el año 2016; debido a que se dejó de producir plomo
primario (plomo refinado a partir de concentrados minerales); y en cambio se incrementó la
producción de plomo secundario (plomo refinado a partir del reciclaje de baterías y chatarras de
plomo); como respuesta a la necesidad de satisfacer la demanda nacional por utilizar plomo metálico
como materia prima en la industria local; al punto que a finales del 2016 en el Perú se habría
alcanzado una tasa de reciclaje de baterías usadas de plomo mayor al 82%; y que probablemente
estaría alcanzando tasas mayores al 97% en los próximos dos o tres años.
Como resultado del estudio, se entiende que el principal mercado consumidor del plomo en el Perú y
el mundo es la industria automotriz, cuyo consumo equivale al 80% de la demanda mundial de plomo;
que estaría asegurada en las próximas décadas; debido a que el parque automotor mundial continuaría
creciendo, como resultado del incremento de la población mundial; y que además los vehículos de
combustión interna (principal consumidor de las baterías de ácido plomo), que actualmente
representa aproximadamente el 99% del parque automotor, no tendría competencia importante en ese
mismo período de tiempo.
Frente a este escenario, la propuesta del presente estudio es instalar una planta de producción de
plomo refinado a partir del reciclaje de baterías, que estará ubicado en el distrito del Callao,
específicamente en el corredor industrial de Gambetta, con un área aproximada de 13,410 m2. El
abastecimiento de la materia prima deberá asegurarse mediante la importación de baterías usadas de
otros países, tales como Chile, Guatemala, República Dominicana, Estados Unidos, etc. y también del
abastecimiento local. La planta trabajará 24 horas al día en tres turnos, y su producción estará
principalmente orientada a la exportación al mercado mundial; además la empresa contará con 75
trabajadores entre obreros y empleados. Para este proyecto se requiere una inversión inicial de
S/. 42´260,179.06 de los cuales el 60% será financiado con capital de los accionistas en base a un
COK de 10.26% obteniéndose un VAN de S/. 335,879.39 un IR (índice de rentabilidad) de 1.0132 y una
TIR de 10.40%. Sin embargo al considerar como una segunda alternativa, que parte de la producción
sea plomo aleado (para conseguir ingresos adicionales por drawback) se obtendría un VAN de S/.
7´225,192.03 un IR de 1.2849 y una TIR de 13.30%. Resultados que indican que el proyecto es
financieramente viable en ambos casos, pero mucho más rentable en la segunda propuesta
que incluye producir plomo refinado y plomo aleado.Tesis
22
Ñaupas, Tenorio Gloria, und Saavedra Bryan Ulloa. „Diseño de las operaciones de fabricación y transporte de vigas de una planta de premoldeados bajo los conceptos Lean Construction, para asegurar la demanda de ejecución del túnel Av. Néstor Gambetta“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621883.
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El presente trabajo de investigación consiste en el diseño de operaciones de fabricación y transporte de vigas en una planta de premoldeados bajo los conceptos Lean Construction, cuya finalidad es desarrollar el diseño de los procesos involucrados para su implementación y proceso de mejora dentro del proyecto, minimizar las restricciones en la ejecución para tener menor incidencia en el costo.
El objetivo general es asegurar el correcto funcionamiento de las operaciones de la planta de premoldeados diseñadas bajo el enfoque Lean para atender la demanda de vigas al túnel.
Los objetivo específicos son: conceptualizar el diseño de operaciones y la metodología Lean para conocer su enfoque en el desarrollo de la planta de premoldeados; conocer la situación actual del proyecto en mención y el papel que cumple la planta de premoldeados; diseñar los procesos involucrados dentro de la planta de premoldeados bajo el enfoque Lean Construction; diseñar el servicio de transporte de vigas interno de la planta así como el transporte externo bajo el enfoque Lean Construction; alinear las operaciones de la planta con el montaje de vigas del túnel; controlar los procesos diseñados de la planta y el transporte externo de las vigas y concluir la factibilidad del enfoque Lean en el diseño de las operaciones de la planta de premoldeados.
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Jesus, Marcella Guerreiro de 1989. „Análises físico-químicas das caldas e espectro de gotas com diferentes formulações de inseticidas em simulação de aplicação aérea /“. Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181404.
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Orientador: Ulisses Rocha AntuniassiBanca: João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da Cunha
Banca: Fabio Henrique Rojo Baio
Banca: Carlos Gilberto Raetano
Banca: Caio Antonio Carbonari
Resumo: A pulverização aérea é uma técnica de aplicação com grande demanda de uso devido a seu elevado rendimento operacional e eficiência. Pesquisas voltadas para essa área são cada vez mais necessárias, para um melhor entendimento do comportamento de cada técnica de aplicação de defensivos nas condições operacionais de aplicação aérea. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interferência de adjuvantes e formulações nas caraterísticas físico químicas da calda, espectro de gotas gerados pela ponta de jato plano de impacto CP-03 em diferentes ângulos de saída durante a simulação da aplicação aérea de inseticidas em condições de laboratório. Selecionou-se o inseticida lambda- cyhalothrin em duas formulações, concentrado emulsionável (EC) e suspensão concentrada (SC), cujas doses recomendadas em bula foram diluídas para uma taxa de aplicação de 28,1 L ha-1 (equivalentes a 3 galões americanos por acre). Foram utilizados dois adjuvantes em mistura com o inseticida, sendo um óleo vegetal e um surfatante. Executaram-se três experimentos, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, a fim de verificar a influência das soluções na interação com o ângulo defletor de 30 o (experimento 1), na interferência com o ângulo defletor de 55 o (experimento 2) e com o ângulo de 90 o (experimento 3), configurando um fatorial de 2 x 3 (2 formulações x 3 soluções), 6 caldas por experimento (cada um dos inseticidas de maneira isolada e em mistura com os dois adjuvantes) para conhecimento do comportamento dessa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Aerial spraying is an application technique with high demand because of its high operational efficiency and efficiency in hard areas to access. Research on this area is increasingly necessary, in order to better understand the behavior of each technique for the application of pesticides in the aerial application operational conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the interference of adjuvants and formulations in the spectra of drops generated by the CP-03 plane impact jet tip in the simulation of the aerial application of insecticides under laboratory conditions The active ingredient insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin was selected in two formulations, emulsifiable concentrate (SC) and concentrated suspension (EC), with an application rate of 28.1 L ha-1 (equivalent to 3 US gallons per acre). Two adjuvants were used in combination with the insecticides, being a vegetable oil and a surfactant. Three experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design, in order to verify the influence of the solutions on the interaction with the deflecting angle of 30 (experiment 1), on the interference with the deflecting angle of 55 (experiment 2) and with the angle 90 (2 formulations x 3 adjuvants), 6 samples per experiment (each of the insecticides in an isolated manner and in a mixture with the two adjuvants) to know the behavior of these variables. The CP-03 nozzle has been adjusted at each of the three possible angles of the bulkhead (30, 55 and 90o). The CP-03 nozzle was adjusted at each of the three possible angles of the bulkhead (30, 55 and 90 °). In this way, a 6 x 3 factorial (six treatments x three angles) was set up, totaling 18 treatments, with 3 replicates. The spraying was performed in a high-speed wind tunnel, adjusted to 180 km h-1, where the spectra of the droplets were obtained through a Sympatec HELOS / VARIO KF laser diffraction particle analyzer ...
Doutor
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Godin, José. „Biologie des Laurencia du littoral boulonnais“. Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10134.
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Après avoir dressé le bilan des connaissances systématiques à propos des trois espèces de Laurencia du littoral boulonnais, l'étude écologique des peuplements est entreprise et aboutit à la définition d'une ceinture des Laurencia. La morphogenèse indique que la variabilité de la construction de l'ensemble du thalle, selon les espèces, est en partie une réponse à l'action de facteurs du milieu. La construction du thalle à partir de la cellule apicale avec transfert des potentialités à une seule coxale phyllidienne permet de rapporter ce type à une variante du cladome "rhodoméloïde" appelée "Laurencioïde". Chez le Laurencia pinnatifida, il y a une dualité d'origine entre les néoformations et les rhizoïdes. Les néoformations s'élaborent dans la zone centrale du thalle, tandis que les rhizoïdes évoluant en disques de fixation sont issus de la zone périphérique. La cellule coxale a un rôle essentiel dans la détermination des territoires morphogénétiques et de leurs potentialités. L'analyse des résultats des investigations cytologiques permet de définir des ensembles de cellules à aspect caractéristique et à vocation précise correspondant aux territoires précédemment définis. La recherche expérimentale de l'action de différents paramètres (qualité de la lumière, irradiance, durée d'émersion) a mis en évidence leur influence combinée sur l'initiation, la rythmicité, les concentrations en pigments et la photosynthèse chez le L. Pinnatifida et le L. Hybrida ; sur la croissance globale chez le L. Hybrida. Les résultats confirment la théorie de l'adaptabilité chromatique et montrent une convergence entre la stratégie morphogénétique et physiologique des deux espèces.
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Mendonça, Cristina Gonçalves de [UNESP]. „Efeito de óleos minerais e vegetais nas propriedades físico-químicas das caldas de pulverização e suas interações com superfícies foliares“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105439.
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mendonca_cg_dr_botfca.pdf: 4322393 bytes, checksum: 08668f2f64428bba795479b38595db54 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características físicosquímicas: tensão superficial estática e estabilidade de soluções aquosas com óleos minerais e óleos vegetais utilizados como adjuvantes, bem como a área de molhamento, os depósitos e a análise ultra-estrutural de superfícies foliares após a adição desses adjuvantes às caldas herbicidas aplicadas em diferentes espécies vegetais. A tensão superficial estática das soluções com os óleos minerais e os óleos vegetais foi estimada medindo-se a massa de gotas formadas na extremidade de uma bureta. A estabilidade da emulsão e o volume de espuma foram avaliados agitando-se as soluções aquosas com os óleos, nas concentrações de 0,25% e 1%, em agitador mecânico. Após a pulverização somente com o herbicida Classic ou associado ao óleo mineral Assist em superfícies foliares de Glycine max, Commelina benghalensis, Euphorbia heterophylla e Ipomoea grandifolia, foi realizada a análise ultra-estrutural através de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). A área de molhamento foi obtida pela análise de imagens fotográficas da deposição de uma gota de 0,5 μL de soluções aquosas contendo somente herbicidas (Ally, Basagran 600, Classic, Doble, Select 240 CE, Gesaprim 500, Gesaprim GrDA e Primóleo) ou associados ao óleo Assist ou ao Natur’l Óleo, sobre as superfícies foliares de soja, milho, arroz e plantas daninhas em estereomicroscópio. O depósito das caldas de pulverização contendo somente herbicidas (Ally, Basagran 600, Classic, Doble e Select 240 CE) ou associados ao Assist e ao Natur’l Óleo sobre diversas espécies vegetais...
The aim of this research was to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics: static surface tension and water spray solution stability as well as the wettability, deposits and ultra-structural analysis of leaf surfaces after the addiction of mineral and vegetable oils at herbicides on different plants. The surface tension of solutions with mineral and vegetable oils was estimated by the mass of drops formed in the extremity of a burette. The stability of the emulsion and the foam volume were evaluated after shaking the water spray solutions with the oils in concentrations of 0.25% and 1% in a mechanical agitator. The Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) was used for the ultra-structural analysis of the leaf surfaces of Glycine max, Commelina benghalensis, Euphorbia heterophylla and Ipomoea grandifolia, after having sprayed only with the herbicide Classic or associated to the mineral oil Assist. The wettability was obtained by the analysis of photographic images of the deposition of a drop of 0.5 μL of water spray solutions with only herbicides (Ally, Basagran 600, Classic, Doble, Select 240 CE, Gesaprim 500, Gesaprim GrDA and Primóleo) or associated with the oil Assist or Natur'l Óleo, on the leaf surfaces of soy, corn, rice and weeds in stereomicroscopy. The deposit of the spray solutions with only herbicides (Ally, Basagran 600, Doble and Select 240 CE) or associated with Assist and Natur'l Óleo on different plants was determined by use a dye tracer by spectrophotometry. The mineral oils: Iharol, Assist, Mineral Oil and Dytrol; and the vegetable oils: Veget Oil, Natur'l Óleo, Agrex'oil Vegetal and Crop Oil were effective in reduction of surface tension. Emulsions with mineral oils produce more foam than those with vegetable oils after shaking, in concentrations of 0.25 and 1%. Mineral oil Iharol presented more foam than the other tested oils after shaking... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Mendonça, Cristina Gonçalves de. „Efeito de óleos minerais e vegetais nas propriedades físico-químicas das caldas de pulverização e suas interações com superfícies foliares /“. Botucatu : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105439.
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Orientador: Carlos Gilberto RaetanoResumo: O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características físicosquímicas: tensão superficial estática e estabilidade de soluções aquosas com óleos minerais e óleos vegetais utilizados como adjuvantes, bem como a área de molhamento, os depósitos e a análise ultra-estrutural de superfícies foliares após a adição desses adjuvantes às caldas herbicidas aplicadas em diferentes espécies vegetais. A tensão superficial estática das soluções com os óleos minerais e os óleos vegetais foi estimada medindo-se a massa de gotas formadas na extremidade de uma bureta. A estabilidade da emulsão e o volume de espuma foram avaliados agitando-se as soluções aquosas com os óleos, nas concentrações de 0,25% e 1%, em agitador mecânico. Após a pulverização somente com o herbicida Classic ou associado ao óleo mineral Assist em superfícies foliares de Glycine max, Commelina benghalensis, Euphorbia heterophylla e Ipomoea grandifolia, foi realizada a análise ultra-estrutural através de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). A área de molhamento foi obtida pela análise de imagens fotográficas da deposição de uma gota de 0,5 μL de soluções aquosas contendo somente herbicidas (Ally, Basagran 600, Classic, Doble, Select 240 CE, Gesaprim 500, Gesaprim GrDA e Primóleo) ou associados ao óleo Assist ou ao Natur'l Óleo, sobre as superfícies foliares de soja, milho, arroz e plantas daninhas em estereomicroscópio. O depósito das caldas de pulverização contendo somente herbicidas (Ally, Basagran 600, Classic, Doble e Select 240 CE) ou associados ao Assist e ao Natur'l Óleo sobre diversas espécies vegetais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this research was to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics: static surface tension and water spray solution stability as well as the wettability, deposits and ultra-structural analysis of leaf surfaces after the addiction of mineral and vegetable oils at herbicides on different plants. The surface tension of solutions with mineral and vegetable oils was estimated by the mass of drops formed in the extremity of a burette. The stability of the emulsion and the foam volume were evaluated after shaking the water spray solutions with the oils in concentrations of 0.25% and 1% in a mechanical agitator. The Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) was used for the ultra-structural analysis of the leaf surfaces of Glycine max, Commelina benghalensis, Euphorbia heterophylla and Ipomoea grandifolia, after having sprayed only with the herbicide Classic or associated to the mineral oil Assist. The wettability was obtained by the analysis of photographic images of the deposition of a drop of 0.5 μL of water spray solutions with only herbicides (Ally, Basagran 600, Classic, Doble, Select 240 CE, Gesaprim 500, Gesaprim GrDA and Primóleo) or associated with the oil Assist or Natur'l Óleo, on the leaf surfaces of soy, corn, rice and weeds in stereomicroscopy. The deposit of the spray solutions with only herbicides (Ally, Basagran 600, Doble and Select 240 CE) or associated with Assist and Natur'l Óleo on different plants was determined by use a dye tracer by spectrophotometry. The mineral oils: Iharol, Assist, Mineral Oil and Dytrol; and the vegetable oils: Veget Oil, Natur'l Óleo, Agrex'oil Vegetal and Crop Oil were effective in reduction of surface tension. Emulsions with mineral oils produce more foam than those with vegetable oils after shaking, in concentrations of 0.25 and 1%. Mineral oil Iharol presented more foam than the other tested oils after shaking... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Guinot, Pauline. „Mise en place d'une filière plantes tinctoriales en région Nord-Pas-de-Calais : études de faisabilité“. Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S022.
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Le potentiel couleur de plantes a été évalué par screening (analyse de bains de teinture et d'échantillons colorés). Une analyse colorimétrique (L, C,h) a été réalisée et les stabilités des couleurs ont été évaluées. Certaines espèces ont alors été retenues pour d'autres essais. Différents essais phytochimiques ont alors permis de proposer des bains de teintures plus performants (amélioration de la photostabilité de fibres teintes). De plus, une approche du mécanisme de teinture a été réalisée et à permis de relever une implication des aglycones plus importantes que celles des glycosides. Enfin, les espèces retenues ont été caractérisées sur le plan biologique soulignant l'absence de cytotoxicité in vitro, et des propriétés antioxydantes pouvant être liées à des photostabilités intéressantes. L'utilisation de sous-produits végétaux comme matière première tinctoriale a aussi été étudiéeSeveral plants were evaluated for their dyeing potential using phytochemical characterization of dyeing bath and analysis of dyed textiles. A colorimetric analysis (L, C, h) was carried out and fastness was evaluated. Some species were selected for further investigation. Then phytochemical studies were realised to improve dyeing bath efficiency (optimisation of light fastness of fibres). A dyeing mechanism approach was performed and underlined the greater fixation of aglycones than of glycosides on fibres dyed. Selectioned species were also studied for some biological properties: the absence of cytotoxicity was observed in vitro and some antioxydative properties were detected in relation with photostability. A last part of this work highlighted the opportunity of using plant by-products as a new dyeing raw material
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Queiroz, Mateus Francisco Paes de 1988. „Espectro de gotas e características físicas de caldas com adjuvantes tensoativos e os herbicidas glyphosate e 2,4-D, isolados e em mistura /“. Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153860.
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Orientador: Ulisses Rocha AntuniassiBanca: Otavio Jorge Grigoli Abi-Saab
Banca: Caio Antonio Carbonari
Resumo: A demanda de pesquisa em adjuvantes no Brasil é crescente, uma vez que esses produtos são classificados em um único grupo dentro dos sistemas de classificação de defensivos agrícolas. Por isso, torna-se imprescindível o conhecimento do comportamento dos diferentes adjuvantes em função da interferência que causam na calda de pulverização, afetando o processo de formação de gotas, influenciando diretamente na qualidade da pulverização. Essas variações são também influenciadas pelo modelo de ponta de pulverização e pelos defensivos agrícolas utilizados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as interações entre as características físicas das caldas (tensão superficial e viscosidade) e os parâmetros do espectro de gotas gerados por pontas hidráulicas de jato plano com e sem indução de ar e correlacionar essas variáveis visando um entendimento maior do comportamento das caldas contendo herbicidas isolados ou em mistura e com adição ou não de adjuvantes. A análise do espectro de gotas dos tratamentos foi feita simulando a pulverização em laboratório e as gotas avaliadas por um analisador de partículas em tempo real. As características físicas da calda avaliadas foram viscosidade, tensão superficial estática e tensão superficial dinâmica. Os tratamentos foram compostos por glyphosate, 2,4-D e três adjuvantes tensoativos e as pontas utilizadas foram XR 11002 (sem indução de ar) e AIXR 11002 (com indução de ar). Para todos os tratamentos, a ponta AIXR 11002 gerou o maior tamanho de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: There is a demand for adjuvant research in Brazil, since these products are all classified in the same group of chemicals products. Therefore, it is necessary to know the behavior of different adjuvants interfering in the tank mix, affecting the process of droplet formation, directly influencing the quality of the application. These variations are also influenced by the nozzle model and the pesticides used. The objective of this work was to determine the interactions between the physical characteristics of the spray mix (superficial tension and viscosity) and the parameters of the droplet spectrum generated by hydraulic jet nozzles with and without air induction and to correlate these variables for a better understanding of the behavior of the tank mix containing herbicides with or without adjuvants. The droplet spectrum analysis of the treatments was done simulating a pulverization in the laboratory and the drops evaluated by a particles analyzer in real time. The physical characteristics evaluated were dynamic and static surface tension and viscosity. The treatments were composed by glyphosate, 2,4-D and three surfactant adjuvants and the nozzles used were XR 11002 (without air induction) and AIXR 11002 (with air induction). For all treatments, the AIXR 11002 nozzle generated the largest droplet size compared to the XR 11002 nozzle, relying on its positioning as a drift reduction technique. For physicochemical characteristics, the mixture between ...
Mestre
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Simon, Alain. „Calluna vulgaris : analyse phytochimique : évaluation biologique d'un phytoconstituant, l'acide ursolique“. Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMO303C.
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Reis, Andressa. „Síntese de betalaínas induzida pela luz em espécies do gênero Alternanthera“. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2001.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-19A characteristic of plants and other sessile organisms is their ability to synthesize a wide variety of low molecular weight compounds, called secondary metabolites. Among these compounds are the betalains, hydrophilic molecules of two types: red-violet betalains and yellow betaxanthins. These phytochemicals have been widely used because of their high antioxidant activity and free radicals scavenging. The light intensity and quality are important factors in plant growth and development and specific changes in light quality severely affect physiological, morphological and biochemical plant parameters. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of light quality on growth and accumulation of secondary metabolites from callus and plant species of the genus Alternanthera, as well as a protocol establishment for callus induction of these plants. The species A. brasiliana, A. philoxeroides and A. sessilis had their explants placed on MS medium with different combinations of growth regulators. In the experiment of callus induction only plants of A. brasiliana were used, which were maintained for 45 days of culture under white light and in the second experiment, with the induction protocol already established, were used the three species of Alternanthera and the callus maintained in culture for 40 days under different light qualities (blue , white and red). The analysis to quantify betacyanin in HPLC-MS on experiment in A. brasiliana callus confirmed that they have expressive content of amaranthin and on calluses of different species experiment, the best response was observed in A. brasiliana plants and the internodes were considered the best explants. Studies of callus in different light qualities demonstrated that blue light induces the production of glycosylated betacyanin and betaxanthins. Thus, it is concluded that the quality of light significantly affects the biosynthesis of betacyanin, betaxanthins and flavonoids, as well as the growth patterns of Altemanthera plants.
Uma característica de plantas e outros organismos sésseis é a sua capacidade de sintetizar uma enorme variedade de compostos de baixo peso molecular, chamados de metabólitos secundários. Dentre estes compostos, encontram-se as betalaínas, moléculas hidrofílicas de dois tipos: betalaínas vermelho-rosáceas e betaxantinas amarelas. Esses fitoquímicos têm sido amplamente utilizados devido as suas elevadas atividades antioxidantes e eliminadora de radicais livres. A intensidade e qualidade de luz são fatores importantes no crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetal e mudanças específicas na qualidade de luz afetam severamente os parâmetros fisiológicos, morfológicos e bioquímicos das plantas. Dessa maneira o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da qualidade de luz no crescimento e acúmulo de metabólitos secundários de calos e plantas de espécies do gênero Alternanthera, assim como o estabelecimento de um protocolo para indução de calogênese destas plantas. As espécies A. brasiliana, A. philoxeroides e A. sessilis tiveram seus explantes, colocadas em meio MS, com diferentes combinações de reguladores de crescimento. No experimento de indução de calogênese foram utilizadas somente plantas de A. brasiliana, as quais foram mantidas por 45 dias de cultivo sob luz branca e no segundo experimento, já com o protocolo de indução estabelecido, foram utilizadas as três espécies de Alternanthera e os calos mantidos por 40 dias em cultivo sob diferentes qualidades de luz (azul, branco e vermelho). As análises de quantificação das betacianinas em HPLC-MS no experimento com calos de A. brasiliana confirmaram que estes apresentam conteúdo expressivo de amarantina e no ensaio com calos de diferentes espécies, a melhor resposta foi observada em plantas de A. brasiliana e os entrenós foram considerados os melhores explantes. Os estudos de calos em diferentes qualidades de luz demonstraram que a luz azul induz a produção de betaxantinas e betacianinas glicosiladas. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a qualidade de luz afeta sensivelmente a biossíntese de betacianinas, betaxantinas e flavonoides, assim como os padrões de crescimento em plantas de Alternanthera.
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Rocha, Adriana Silva da. „Produção de carotenoides em culturas in vitro de Cleome rosea Vahl ex DC (Capparaceae) e avaliação de sua toxicidade e potencial antioxidante“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4495.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA produção e a otimização de substâncias de valor medicinal têm sido alcançadas pelo uso das técnicas de cultura de tecidos vegetais, que têm apresentado grande relevância quando se considera o status de conservação de uma espécie ou sua ocorrência em ambientes ameaçados. No presente trabalho foi avaliada a produção de carotenoides em culturas de calos e células em suspensão de Cleome rosea Vahl ex DC, espécie nativa encontrada em áreas de restinga nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo. Plantas micropropagadas obtidas a partir de raízes produzidas in vitro foram usadas como fonte de explantes para o início das culturas de calos. A produção de massa calogênica foi avaliada em meio MS suplementado com diferentes concentrações das auxinas ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético e ácido 4-amino- 3,5,6-tricloropicolínico, na presença de luz ou no escuro. O uso de diferentes meios básicos de cultura (B5, Nitsch, White) também foi avaliado. A calogênese foi induzida em todos os tratamentos, entretanto a maior produção de biomassa foi alcançada pelas culturas mantidas na presença de luz. A maior produção de massa calogênica foi obtida em culturas iniciadas no meio MS suplementado com 0,2 mg.L-1 de 2,4-D. A exposição das culturas à luz foi um fator essencial para a produção de carotenoides, que só ocorreu nas culturas mantidas nessa condição. Culturas de calos foram submetidas a tratamentos com substâncias elicitoras (extrato de levedura, metil jasmonato, quitosana) em diferentes concentrações e por um período de exposição de sete ou 14 dias visando otimizar a produção do pigmento. A maior produção de carotenoides nas culturas elicitadas foi alcançada com o tratamento com metil jasmonato (MJ) na concentração de 300 μM, independentemente do tempo de exposição ao elicitor. Análises cromatográficas mostraram que o processo de elicitação com MJ induziu ao aumento na produção de β-caroteno. Calos elicitados nessa condição foram usados para iniciar culturas de células em suspensão (CCS). Estas culturas foram acompanhadas por três subculturas realizadas a cada 20 dias, durante a fase exponencial de crescimento. Embora as CCS tenham mantido uma produção de biomassa constante ao longo das subculturas, os valores de produção de carotenoides foram inferiores àqueles alcançados pelas culturas de calos e não houve diferenças estatísticas significativas quando comparadas às CCS iniciadas a partir de calos não elicitados. Extratos de calos produzidos em meio MS suplementado com 0,2 mg.L-1 de 2,4-D foram avaliados quanto à sua capacidade antioxidante por meio da incubação dos extratos com DNA plasmidial em presença de cloreto estanoso (SnCl2), um potente agente redutor capaz de produzir quebras na molécula de DNA. Os extratos foram avaliados em concentrações crescentes (25 - 500 μg.mL-1) e apresentaram uma proteção dose dependente à ação do SnCl2. Estudos de toxicidade com o modelo de Artemia salina demonstraram que os extratos não apresentaram toxicidade nas concentrações avaliadas. Os resultados alcançados mostram que a elicitação foi eficiente para a otimização da produção de β-caroteno nas culturas in vitro e que os extratos obtidos a partir desses materiais apresentaram atividade antioxidante, indicando o êxito das técnicas de cultura de tecidos para a produção deste metabólito sob condição in vitro.
The production and optimization of plants secondary metabolites with medicinal value have been achieved by using plant tissue culture techniques, which have showed great relevance when considering the conservation status of a species or their occurrence in degraded environments. The present study assessed the production of carotenoids in callus and cell suspension cultures of Cleome rosea Vahl ex DC (Capparaceae), a Brazilian native herbaceous species that occurs mainly in coastal sandy plains (restingas) in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Micropropagated plants obtained from in vitro roots were used as source of explants for callus cultures. Callus biomass accumulation was evaluated on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of the auxins 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (PIC), in the presence of light and in the dark. The use of different culture basal media (B5, Nitsch, and White) was also evaluated. Calogenesis was induced in all treatments; however greater efficiency was achieved by cultures maintained in the light. Exposure of cultures to light was also an essential factor to induce the production of carotenoids. The highest biomass accumulation was achieved by cultures established on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg.L-1 2,4-D. Callus cultures were subject to treatments with a range of elicitors (chitosan, methyl jasmonate, yeast extract), at different concentrations and time of exposure (7 or 14 days). The highest production of carotenoids was achieved by cultures treated with 300 μM methyl jasmonate (MJ), regardless of time exposure. The chromatographic analysis showed that elicitation with MJ induced an increase in the production of β-carotene. Elicited calluses were used to establish cell suspension cultures (CSC). These cultures were evaluated during three subsequent subcultures performed at 20 days each during the exponential growth phase. Although the CSC have maintained a steady biomass accumulation along successive subcultures, carotenoids content were lower than those achieved by callus cultures and did not present significant differences when compared to CSC established from no elicited callus. Extracts of callus obtained from MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg.L-1 2,4-D were evaluated for their antioxidant potential. These extracts were incubated with plasmid DNA in the presence of stannous chloride (SnCl2), a potent reduced agent. Extracts were used at increasing concentrations (25 - 500 μg.mL-1) and showed a dose-dependent protective action, regardless of their origin. Studies of toxicity using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay revealed that the extracts were not toxic at tested concentrations. This study showed that the use of elicitation was a powerful tool in the optimization of β-carotene production in in vitro cultures of C. rosea and that extracts obtained from these cultures have antioxidant activity, indicating the success of plant tissue culture techniques for production of this metabolite under in vitro condition.
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Hubas, Cédric. „Rôle des communautés microbiennes dans les flux de matière des sédiments meubles intertidaux“. Littoral, 2006. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-01115984.
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Selon certaines estimations, le milieu côtier contribuerait de manière importante au cycle global du carbone. Cependant, malgré son rôle potentiellement important, l'intérêt pour ce milieu est relativement récent. Le but de ce travail est d'étudier le rôle des communautés microbiennes (microphytobenthos et bactéries hétérotrophes) dans le fonctionnement des sédiments meubles intertidaux. Le métabolisme benthique a donc été mesuré à marée basse sur deux sites contrastés (une petite baie intertidale soumise à un gradient environnemental et une plage exposée aux vagues). La production primaire brute (PPB) et la respiration de la communauté benthique (RCB) ont été mesurées in situ à l'interface air-sédiment à l'aide d'une chambre benthique (mesure de la concentration en CO2). La production bactérienne a été mesurée par traçage d'un marqueur radioactif ([methyl-3H]thymidine). Le réseau trophiuqe benthique a été étudié par traçage isotopique du carbone et de l'azote (δ13C et δ15N). Les micro-organismes contribuent majoritairement à la production et à la respiration des sédiments intertidaux. Dans l'Aber de Roscoff, la production des microalgues et des bactéries représente respectivement jusqu'à 88 et 81 % de la production primaire et de la production secondaire totale annuelle. Les micro-organismes jouent donc un rôle prépondérant dans les réseaux trophiques benthiques. Ce rôle varie en fonction du gradient sédimentaire. L'influence du compartiment bactérien sur la production globale du système diminue avec l'envasement. Il est supposé que le rôle des bactéries dans les réseaux trophiques benthiques est influencé par la disponibilité des nutrimentsIt becomes increasingly recognized that the coastal zone contributes significantly to the global carbon cycle. The interest for this system is relatively recent, although its role is potentially important at the global scale. The present work aimed to study the role of benthic microbial communities (microphytobenthos and heterotrophic bacteria) on the functioning of intertidal soft sediments. Benthic metabolism was measured during low tide at two contrasted sampling sites (a small intertidal estuary characterized by a strong environmental gradient and an exposed sandy beach). The gross primary production (GPP) and benthic community respiration (BCR) were estimated via in situ CO2 fluxes measurements at the air-sediment interface within a benthic chamber. Bacterial carbon production (BP) was measured through incorporation of radiolabeled nucleotide ([methyl-3H]thymidine) into bacterial cells. The benthic food web was studied by a dual stable isotopes analysis. Microbes contribute significantly to the production and respiration in intertidal sediments. In the Roscoff Aber Bay, regarding all the benthic compartments, the production of microalgae and bacterial communities represents respectively up to 88 and 81 % of the total annual primary and secondary productions. Micro-organisms thus play a key role in the benthic food webs. This role varies along the productivity gradient. The influence of the bacterial compartment decrease with increasing sediment organic matter content. It is thus supposed that the influence of the bacterial compartment in the benthic food web is primarily driven by the nutriment availability
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Velásquez, Luque Humberto Martín Ernesto. „Planificación y Programación para la Construcción de una Estación de Tren Subterránea de la Línea 2 del Metro de Lima y Callao, Aplicando la Metodología Lean Construction para el Control y Ejecución del Proyecto“. Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653749.
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La filosofía Lean Construction (LC) o la construcción sin pérdida se da en la década de 1990, siendo este una adaptación del modelo automovilístico del Toyota Production System o Lean Production a la industria de la construcción, la introducción o el nuevo enfoque de la gestión de proyectos de construcción fue propuesta por el profesor Lauri Koskela, donde nos dice que veamos a la producción en la construcción como un proceso de transformación, de flujo y generador de valor, en consecuencia el objetivo de LC es crear buenos sistemas de producción que permitan optimizar, reducir o eliminar los flujos para mejorar los tiempos de entrega.
El sector construcción uno de los más importantes gestores de la economía del país por su participación del PBI necesita la aplicación de metodologías en la gestión de proyectos como LC para generar valor sin pérdidas, sin embargo, su aplicación o su correcta aplicación es reducida, resultando con indicadores óptimos para un grupo selecto de empresas de construcción.
En este trabajo de investigación se va a proponer la aplicación de la filosofía Lean Construction como herramienta para la planificación, ejecución y control para la construcción de una estación subterránea de pasajeros para la Línea 2 del Metro de Lima y Callao, vamos a detallar los conceptos y herramientas del LC que, nos sirvan como base para su aplicación y desarrollo para el cumplimiento de los objetivos del proyecto. Así también, se determinará la secuencia, división y sectorización de trabajo para la elaboración del plan de trabajo, se identificarán las actividades que no agregan valor o no productivas, atacando así las perdidas más visibles, reduciendo los ciclos y proponiendo actividades en paralelo. Aplicaremos las teorías Last Planner, Lookahead y Week Planning para el control del proyecto a fin de evaluar restricciones y determinar los que podemos hacer en la planificación diaria, con lo cual buscamos generar una guía para la ejecución del resto de estaciones que comprenden el proyecto.
Finalmente se analizará los resultados del proyecto mediante herramientas de medición como el PAC (Porcentaje de Actividades Cumplidas), TC (trabajos contributorios) y otros para las conclusiones y recomendaciones para futuras estaciones aplicando la mejora continua.The Lean Construction (LC) philosophy or construction without loss occurred in the 1990s, this being an adaptation of the automotive model of Lean Production to the construction industry, the introduction or the new approach to construction project management It was proposed by Professor Lauri Koskela, where he tells us to see production in construction as a process of transformation, flow and value generator, therefore the objective of LC is to create good production systems that allow optimizing, reducing or eliminate flows to improve delivery times. The construction sector, one of the most important managers of the country's economy due to its participation in GDP, needs the application of project management methodologies such as LC to generate value without losses, however its application or its correct application is reduced, resulting in Optimal indicators for a select group of construction companies. In this thesis, the application of the Lean Construction philosophy will be proposed as a tool for planning, executing and controlling the construction of an underground passenger station for Line 2 of the Lima and Callao Metro, we will detail the concepts and tools of the LC that serve as a basis for its application and development for the fulfillment of the project's objectives. Also, the sequence, division and sectorization of work for the preparation of the work plan will be determined, activities that do not add value or are not productive will be identified, thus attacking the most visible losses, reducing cycles and proposing activities in parallel. We will apply Last Planner, Lookahead and Week Planning theories for project control in order to evaluate restrictions and determine what we can do in daily planning, with which we seek to generate a guide for the execution of the rest of the stations that comprise the project. Finally, the results of the project will be analyzed using measurement tools such as the PAC (Percentage of Completed Activities), TC (contributory works) and others for the conclusions and recommendations for future stations applying continuous improvement.
Tesis
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Heidsieck, Gaetan. „Gestion distribuée de workflows scientifiques pour le phénotypage des plantes à haut débit“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS066.
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Dans de nombreux domaines scientifiques, les expériences numériques nécessitent généralement de nombreuses étapes de traitement ou d'analyse sur d'énormes ensembles de données. Elles peuvent être représentées comme des flux de travail scientifiques. Ces flux de travail facilitent la modélisation, la gestion et l'exécution d'activités de calcul liées par des dépendances de données. Comme la taille des données traitées et la complexité des calculs ne cessent d'augmenter, ces flux de travail deviennent orientés-données. Afin d'exécuter ces flux de travail dans un délai raisonnable, ils doivent être déployés dans un environnement informatique distribué à haute performance, tel que le cloud. Le phénotypage des plantes vise à capturer les caractéristiques des plantes, telles que les caractéristiques morphologiques, topologiques et phénologiques. Des plateformes de phénotypage à haut débit ont vu le jour pour accélérer l'acquisition de données de phénotypage dans des conditions contrôlées (par exemple en serre) ou en plein champ. Ces plates-formes génèrent des téraoctets de données utilisées en sélection et en biologie végétale. Ces ensembles de données sont stockés dans différents sites géodistribués. Les scientifiques peuvent utiliser un système de gestion du flux de travail scientifique (SWMS) pour gérer l'exécution du flux de travail sur un cloud multisite. Dans le domaine des sciences biologiques, il est courant que les utilisateurs des flux de travail réutilisent d'autres les analyses ou des données générées par d'autres utilisateurs. La réutilisation et la réorientation des flux de travail permettent à l'utilisateur de développer de nouvelles analyses plus rapidement. En outre, un utilisateur peut avoir besoin d'exécuter un flux de travail plusieurs fois avec différents ensembles de paramètres et de données d'entrée pour analyser l'impact d'une étape expérimentale quelconque, représentée comme un fragment du flux de travail. Dans les deux cas, certains fragments du flux de travail peuvent être exécutés plusieurs fois, ce qui peut être très consommateur de ressources et inutilement long. La ré-exécution du flux de travail peut être évitée en stockant les résultats intermédiaires de ces fragments et en les réutilisant dans des exécutions ultérieures.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une solution de mise en cache adaptative pour l'exécution efficace de flux de travail orientés-données dans des clouds monosites et multisites. En s'adaptant aux variations des temps d'exécution des tâches, notre solution peut maximiser la réutilisation des données intermédiaires produites par les flux de travail de plusieurs utilisateurs. Notre solution est basée sur une nouvelle architecture de SWMS qui gère automatiquement le stockage et la réutilisation des données intermédiaires. La gestion du cache intervient au cours de deux étapes principales : le prétraitement des flux de travail, pour supprimer tous les fragments du flux de travail qui n'ont pas besoin d'être exécutés ; et le provisionnement du cache, pour décider au moment de l'exécution quelles données intermédiaires doivent être mises en cache. Nous proposons un algorithme adaptatif de mise en cache qui tient compte des variations des temps d'exécution des tâches et de la taille des données. Nous avons évalué notre solution en l'implémentant dans OpenAlea et en réalisant des expériences approfondies sur des données réelles avec une application complexe orientés-données de phénotypage de plantes.Nos principales contributions sont i) une architecture SWMS pour gérer les algorithmes d’ordonancement utilisant le cache lors de l'exécution de flux de travail dans des clouds monosites et multisites, ii) un modèle de coût qui inclut les coûts financiers et temporels, iii) deux algorithmes de d’ordonancement adapté au cache, en monosite et multisite clouds, et iv) une validation expérimentale sur une application de phénotypage de plantes orienté-donnéesIn many scientific domains, such as bio-science, complex numerical experiments typically require many processing or analysis steps over huge datasets. They can be represented as scientific workflows. These workflows ease the modeling, management, and execution of computational activities linked by data dependencies. As the size of the data processed and the complexity of the computation keep increasing, these workflows become data-intensive. In order to execute such workflows within a reasonable timeframe, they need to be deployed in a high-performance distributed computing environment, such as the cloud.Plant phenotyping aims at capturing plant characteristics, such as morphological, topological, phenological features. High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) platforms have emerged to speed up the phenotyping data acquisition in controlled conditions (e.g. greenhouse) or in the field. Such platforms generate terabytes of data used in plant breeding and plant biology to test novel mechanisms. These datasets are stored in different geodistributed sites (data centers). Scientists can use a Scientific Workflow Management System (SWMS) to manage the workflow execution over a multisite cloud.In bio-science, it is common for workflow users to reuse other workflows or data generated by other users. Reusing and re-purposing workflows allow the user to develop new analyses faster. Furthermore, a user may need to execute a workflow many times with different sets of parameters and input data to analyze the impact of some experimental step, represented as a workflow fragment, i.e., a subset of the workflow activities and dependencies. In both cases, some fragments of the workflow may be executed many times, which can be highly resource-consuming and unnecessary long. Workflow re-execution can be avoided by storing the intermediate results of these workflow fragments and reusing them in later executions.In this thesis, we propose an adaptive caching solution for efficient execution of data-intensive workflows in monosite and multisite clouds. By adapting to the variations in tasks’ execution times, our solution can maximize the reuse of intermediate data produced by workflows from multiple users. Our solution is based on a new SWMS architecture that automatically manages the storage and reuse of intermediate data. Cache management is involved during two main steps: workflows preprocessing, to remove all fragments of the workflow that do not need to be executed; and cache provisioning, to decide at runtime which intermediate data should be cached. We propose an adaptive cache provisioning algorithm that deals with the variations in task execution times and the size of data. We evaluated our solution by implementing it in OpenAlea and performing extensive experiments on real data with a complex data-intensive application in plant phenotyping.Our main contributions are i) a SWMS architecture to handle caching and cache-aware scheduling algorithms when executing workflows in both monosite and multisite clouds, ii) a cost model that includes both financial and time costs for both the workflow execution, and the cache management, iii) two cache-aware scheduling algorithms one adapted for monosite and one for multisite cloud, and iv) and an experimental validation on a data-intensive plant phenotyping application
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Carpentier, Florence. „Modélisations de la dispersion du pollen et estimation à partir de marqueurs génétiques“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20101.
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La dispersion du pollen est une composante majeure des flux de gènes chez les plantes, contribuant à la diversité génétique et à sa structure spatiale. Son étude à l'échelle d'un épisode de reproduction permet de comprendre l'impact des changements actuels (fragmentation, anthropisation....) et de proposer des politiques de conservation. Deux types de méthodes basées sur les marqueurs microsatellites estiment la fonction de dispersion du pollen: (i) les méthodes directes (e.g. mating model) basées sur l'assignation de paternité et nécessitant un échantillonnage exhaustif (position et génotype des individus du site étudié, génotypes de graines échantillonnées sur des mères); (ii) les méthodes indirectes (e.g. TwoGener), nécessitant un échantillonnage réduit (génotypes des graines, génotypes et positions des mères) et résumant les données en indices génétiques. Nous proposons la formalisation statistique de ces deux types de méthodes et montrons qu'elles utilisent des fonctions de dispersion différentes: les méthodes directes estiment une fonction forward potentielle (déplacement du pollen depuis le père), les méthodes indirectes une fonction backward intégrative (de la fécondation jusqu'à l'existence du père). Nous explicitons le lien entre fonctions backward et forward, des hypothèses menant à leur équivalence, et des contraintes affectant les fonctions backward. Nous développons enfin une méthode de calcul bayésien approché qui permet (i) une estimation forward, (ii) avec des intervalles de crédibilité, (iii) à partir d'un jeu de données non exhaustif et d'informations partielles (e.g. positions sans génotype) et (iv) l'utilisation de différents modèles de dispersionPollen dispersal is a major component of gene flow in plants. It determines to genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure.Studying it at the scale of a single reproduction event enables to understand the impact of current changes (fragmentation, anthropization ...) and to propose conservation practices.Two types of methods, based on microsatellite markers, estimate pollen dispersal functions : (i) direct methods (e.g. mating model) based on paternity assignment require exhaustif sampling (position and genotype of individuals in the study plot, genotypes of seeds harvested on mothers); (ii) indirect methods (e.g. TwoGener), require a weaker sampling (seeds genotypes, genotypes and positions of their mothers) and summarize data through genetic indices.We propose a statistical formalization of both types of methods and show that they rely on different dispersal functions : the direct methods estimate a potential forward function (pollen transfer from the father), whereas the indirect methods estimate an integrative backward one (from fecondation to father existence). We exhibit the link between forward and backward functions, assumptions leading to their equivalence and constrains affecting the backward functions.Finally, we develop an Approximate Bayesian Computation method, which enable (i) a forward estimation, (ii) with credibility intervals, (iii) from a non exhaustive dataset and partial information (e.g. positions without genotypes) and (iv) the use of different dispersal models
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Tournier, Pierre-Henri. „Absorption de l'eau et des nutriments par les racines des plantes : modélisation, analyse et simulation“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066030/document.
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Dans le contexte du développement d'une agriculture durable visant à préserver les ressources naturelles et les écosystèmes, il s'avère nécessaire d'approfondir notre compréhension des processus souterrains et des interactions entre le sol et les racines des plantes.Dans cette thèse, on utilise des outils mathématiques et numériques pour développer des modèles mécanistiques explicites du mouvement de l'eau et des nutriments dans le sol et de l'absorption racinaire, gouvernés par des équations aux dérivées partielles non linéaires. Un accent est mis sur la prise en compte explicite de la géométrie du système racinaire et des processus à petite échelle survenant dans la rhizosphère, qui jouent un rôle majeur dans l'absorption racinaire.La première étude est dédiée à l'analyse mathématique d'un modèle d'absorption du phosphore (P) par les racines des plantes. L'évolution de la concentration de P dans la solution du sol est gouvernée par une équation de convection-diffusion avec une condition aux limites non linéaire à la surface de la racine, que l'on considère ici comme un bord du domaine du sol. On formule ensuite un problème d'optimisation de forme visant à trouver les formes racinaires qui maximisent l'absorption de P.La seconde partie de cette thèse montre comment on peut tirer avantage des récents progrès du calcul scientifique dans le domaine de l'adaptation de maillage non structuré et du calcul parallèle afin de développer des modèles numériques du mouvement de l'eau et des solutés et de l'absorption racinaire à l'échelle de la plante, tout en prenant en compte les phénomènes locaux survenant à l'échelle de la racine uniqueIn the context of the development of sustainable agriculture aiming at preserving natural resources and ecosystems, it is necessary to improve our understanding of underground processes and interactions between soil and plant roots.In this thesis, we use mathematical and numerical tools to develop explicit mechanistic models of soil water and solute movement accounting for root water and nutrient uptake and governed by nonlinear partial differential equations. An emphasis is put on resolving the geometry of the root system as well as small scale processes occurring in the rhizosphere, which play a major role in plant root uptake.The first study is dedicated to the mathematical analysis of a model of phosphorus (P) uptake by plant roots. The evolution of the concentration of P in the soil solution is governed by a convection-diffusion equation with a nonlinear boundary condition at the root surface, which is included as a boundary of the soil domain. A shape optimization problem is formulated that aims at finding root shapes maximizing P uptake.The second part of this thesis shows how we can take advantage of the recent advances of scientific computing in the field of unstructured mesh adaptation and parallel computing to develop numerical models of soil water and solute movement with root water and nutrient uptake at the plant scale while taking into account local processes at the single root scale
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Hannache, Badreddine. „La lithiase urinaire : épidémiologie, rôle des éléments traces et des plantes médicinales“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114804/document.
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La lithiase urinaire est une affection très répandue qui touche 4 à 18% de la population selon les pays. Cette pathologie nécessite beaucoup de recherches pluridisciplinaires. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse a pour objet de préciser la nature des calculs urinaires de l’Est Algérien et d’étudier ensuite le rôle de certains éléments traces ainsi que l’effet de quelques extraits de plantes médicinales sur la dissolution des calculs urinaires. Les techniques utilisées sont principalement les suivantes : la spectrophotométrie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier pour déterminer la composition chimique des calculs, la fluorescence X afin de déterminer la nature et la teneur des éléments traces et la microscopie électronique à balayage pour explorer la structure intime des cristallites à l’échelle mésoscopique. D’autres méthodes comme la microscopie optique ont été utilisées pour faire l’analyse morphoconstitutionnelle des calculs. Enfin, un modèle expérimental in vitro a été développé pour étudier l’effet des plantes médicinales. Bien que le nombre de calculs urinaires considérés soit faible, l’épidémiologie de la lithiase dans cette région de l’Algérie a été esquissée. Les calculs d’oxalate de calcium deviennent prépondérants en raison d’un changement des habitudes alimentaires avec toutefois une persistance des calculs d’origine infectieuse que l’infection soit urinaire ou digestive. Les données recueillies sur la distribution des éléments traces ne soulignent pas leur rôle catalytique mais sont en faveur d’un simple processus d’adsorption. Aucun des extraits de plantes testés, tous issus de la pharmacopée algérienne, n’a eu d’effet tangible pour dissoudre les calculs urinairesUrolithiasis is a widespread disease that affects 4-18% of the population according to the countries. This pathology requires a lot of multidisciplinary research. The work presented here aims firstly to clarify the nature of urinary stones in the eastern Algeria and then investigate the role of trace elements as well as the effect of some medicinal plants on the dissolution of urinary stones. The techniques used are mainly the following: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition of the calculi, X-ray fluorescence to determine the nature and content of trace elements and scanning electron microscopy to explore the inner structure of the crystallites at the mesoscopic scale. Other methods such as stereomicroscopy have been used for the morpho-constitutional analysis of the calculi and an experimental model was developed for the study of the effect of medicinal plants in vitro.Although the number of urinary stones considered being low, the epidemiology of urolithiasis in this region of Algeria was sketched. Calcium oxalate stones become predominant due to a change in eating habits but with a persistence of infection-induced calculi persist, whatever the urinary tract or gut origin of the infection. The acquired data do not underline a catalytic role of trace elements detected within the stones but are in favor of a simple adsorption process. None of the tested extracts from the Algerian pharmacopoeia has had a significant effect to dissolve the urinary stones
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Louerguioui, Ali. „Techniques de multiplication par clonage "in vitro" du genre eucalyptus“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615472r.
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Duffin, Anthony C. „Structural and functional changes in the feet of young people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus“. Thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/408.
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Diabetes can affect the structure and function of the foot, resulting in severe limitation of mobility and reduction of life expectancy. Early warning signs include limited joint mobility (LJM), soft tissue changes, high plantar pressure (HPP), high pressure time integrals (P/TI) and plantar callus. These abnormalities were examined in 216 young people with diabetes and 57 controls. The fingers, toes, ankle subtalar and first metatarsophalangeal joints shows reduced motion and the plantar aponeurosis was thicker in diabetic subjects. Skin thickness was the same for diabetic and control subjects. LJM in the feet was more common in males and older subjects. Subtalar and finger LJM was associated with early sensory nerve changes and finger LJM was associated with retinopathy and higher HbAtc. Thicker plantar aponeurosis was associated with male gander and larger feet. High peak pressure, high P/TI and callus were no more common in diabetic subjects than controls. However, high P/TI and callus were associated with early sensory nerve changes in young people with diabetes. Diabetic subjects with callus were significantly older than those without callus. Those with HPP had higher body mass index and less motion at the first MTP joints than those without HPP. Although plantar callus, HPP and high P/TI were no more common in young people with diabetes these abnormailities may be complicated by diabetes. Cushioning, custom orthoses or both in combination significantly reduced peak pressure and P/TI in diabetic subjects.
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Lagoo, Nishi. „A Seminal Case Study on Application of Last Planner System with Cash Flow Data for Improvements in Construction Management Practices“. Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-11180.
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A major challenge faced by project managers is balancing the variables of scope, cost, and schedule. Changes in scope usually result in cost/schedule overruns. Variance in either or both of them creates disorder (typically increases) in the estimated or projected time and cost. Therefore, controlling cost and schedule are two of the most critical aspects of a construction project. This research uses two already existing management theories, specifically Management by Means (MBM) and Management by Results (MBR), and analyzes a case where these two theories are combined with the goal of improving construction practices. This research compares an eight month schedule in a construction project and relates Percentage of Planned activities Completed (PPC) with projected and actual draw (cash) calls.
The research analyzes the question of how lean construction PPC captures variance in cost. The research method is based on a literature review, data collection, case study and data interpretation to answer the hypothesis that improvement in PPC over a particular month has a positive correlation with difference between cash calls. Because this research is limited to a time frame of 8 months in a single project, it is not statistically significant. However, this research serves to create a model template or pilot study for a larger study.
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Rens, Gavin B. „A belief-desire-intention architechture with a logic-based planner for agents in stochastic domains“. Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3517.
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This dissertation investigates high-level decision making for agents that are both goal and utility
driven. We develop a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) planner which
is an extension of an agent programming language called DTGolog, itself an extension of the
Golog language. Golog is based on a logic for reasoning about action—the situation calculus.
A POMDP planner on its own cannot cope well with dynamically changing environments
and complicated goals. This is exactly a strength of the belief-desire-intention (BDI) model:
BDI theory has been developed to design agents that can select goals intelligently, dynamically
abandon and adopt new goals, and yet commit to intentions for achieving goals. The contribution
of this research is twofold: (1) developing a relational POMDP planner for cognitive
robotics, (2) specifying a preliminary BDI architecture that can deal with stochasticity in action
and perception, by employing the planner.Computing
M. Sc. (Computer Science)
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Alves, Ana Cristina da Silva. „Ensaios de embriogénese somática e transformação genética em tamarilho (Cyphomandra betacea [Cav.] Sendt.)“. Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/28023.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Biotecnologia Vegetal, apresentada ao Departamento de Ciências da Vida da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de CoimbraO tamarilho (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt sin. Solanum betaceum), pertencente à família das solanáceas, é uma árvore que produz frutos comestíveis com elevado valor nutricional. Alguns estudos têm mostrado o interesse desta espécie para a compreensão de aspectos particulares da morfogénese in vitro, particularmente a embriogénese somática (ES). A ES tem demostrado ser uma importante ferramenta na biotecnologia com um grande potencial para a rápida propagação de clones em larga-escala. Além disso, os procedimentos de transformação genética e criopreservação de muitas espécies vegetais, baseiam-se em protocolos eficazes de ES. Uma das formas de induzir ES no tamarilho consiste um processo em duas fases, no qual células embriogénicas são inicialmente induzidas num meio de cultura suplementado com uma auxina (fase de indução) e depois após a sua transferência para um meio de cultura desprovido de auxinas, desenvolvem-se embriões somáticos (fase de desenvolvimento). Vários tipos de explantes, com origem em material adulto ou previamente estabelecido in vitro, e várias condições de indução, têm sido testados para optimizar a resposta do tamarilho à indução de ES. Para superar o reduzido potencial de ES nos tecidos adultos, neste trabalho seguiu-se uma abordagem indirecta, na qual os rebentos de uma árvore adulta foram, primeiramente, estabelecidos in vitro, e uma abordagem directa, na qual se induziu ES em secções do caule de ramos jovens de tamarilho. De modo a optimizar o protocolo de indução de ES no tamarilho, precedeu-se à caracterização da resposta da indução de ES sob vários tipos de stresse, assim como face à indução de ES em diferentes genótipos, de plantas diploides e tetraploides, que foram previamente caracterizados citológica e morfologicamente. Os resultados demonstram que factores como o tipo de auxina, a concentração de sacarose, a presença de ácido ascórbico e o tempo de manutenção dos meios de cultura interferem na resposta à indução de ES. Na indução de ES em tamarilho, células embriogénicas e células não embriogénicas surgem lado a lado nos mesmos explantes, o que se trata de uma condição ideal para avaliar as alterações moleculares e bioquímicas observadas nos diferentes tipos de calos. No trabalho realizado estabeleceu-se, pela primeira vez, um protocolo para a multiplicação de massas de células embriogénicas através do uso de suspensões celulares. O teste de várias massas de células e vários volumes de meio de cultura permitiram analisar a cinética de crescimento das células e optimizar a razão x massa de células / volume a utilizar em ensaios futuros. Além disso, analisaram-se os perfis proteicos das secreções dos dois tipos diferentes de células, sendo as secreções do tecido não embriogénico as que apresentam mais diversidade e quantidade de proteínas. Este tipo de análise pode ser utilizada para compreender a embriogénese numa perspectiva mais integradora. Uma das muitas aplicações do calo embriogénico obtido por indução de ES é a transformação genética. Trabalhos anteriores para outras espécies têm demostrado que as taxas mais elevadas de sucesso na transformação genética têm sido obtidas com este tipo de explante. Neste trabalho procurou-se estabelecer um protocolo de transformação genéticas de células embriogénicas, utilizando três estirpes diferentes de Agrobacterium tumefaciens possuindo o plasmídeo p35SGUSINT. A quantificação da massa de células resistentes à canamicina e os resultados da coloração do ensaio GUS indicaram a estirpe C58C1,como a mais eficiente na transformação de células embriogénicas do tamarilho, sendo, no entanto, necessária uma análise mais detalhada em trabalhos futuros. A informação recolhida neste trabalho, nomeadamente com a análise comparativa da resposta de diferentes genótipos e com o desenvolvimento de um protocolo para a cultura de suspensões celulares, poderá contribuir para responder a alguns dos passos restritivos da ES e da transformação genética no tamarilho, para a qual os conhecimentos fundamentais sobre as plantas modelo tradicionais têm sido insuficientes. Encontrar as proteínas directamente envolvidas na aquisição de competência embriogénica poderá ajudar a compreender os mecanismos reguladores deste processo. Para além disso, o desenvolvimento de protocolos de transformação genética optimizados constitui um importante recurso, não apenas para o melhoramento da espécie, mas também como uma ferramenta da genómica funcional para a identificação e caracterização das vias moleculares envolvidas no processo de ES.
Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt (tamarillo) (syn. Solanum betaceum) is a small solanaceous tree which produces edible high nutritional fruits. Several lines of research have shown the interest of this species to understand particular aspects of in vitro morphogenesis, in particular somatic embryogenesis (SE). SE is an important biotechnological tool with great potential for rapid large-scale clone propagation. In addition, genetic transformation and cryopreservation procedures in many plant species rely on efficient SE protocols. One of the pathways to induce SE in tamarillo is a two-step process in which embryogenic tissues and non-embryogenic callus are first produced (induction phase) in an auxin-rich medium and then developed into embryos, following the transfer to an auxin-free medium (development phase). Several explants, with origin from an adult tree or from plants previously established in vitro have been tested in optimization assays of the SE induction protocol in tamarillo. To overcome the lack of potential of adult tissues for SE, an indirect approach was attempted, in which shoots from an adult tree were first established in vitro, and a direct approach, in which SE was intended to be induced from juvenile plant material (intermodal stem segments). To improve the induction protocol of SE in tamarillo several stress conditions were tested for different genotypes of diploid and tetraploid plants. These genotypes were previously characterized cytological and morphologically. The results have showed that different factors, such as the auxin kind, the sucrose concentration, the presence of ascorbic acid on the medium and the medium´s maintenance time were crucial for the SE induction. In tamarillo SE, embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells arise side by side from the same cultured explants, which is an ideal condition to evaluate molecular and biochemical changes occurring in the different types of calli. In this work, a protocol for the embryogenic cells multiplication through cell suspension culture was established for the first time. Several weights of cells and several culture media volumes were tested in order to evaluate the kinetic growth of the cell suspension and optimize the ratio weight/volume for future approaches. Furthermore, protein profiles were obtained from the secretions produced by embryogenic and non-embyogenic cells after the culture period. The profiles analysis showed that the non-embryogenic cells were the ones producing a higher protein diversity and quantity. This type of analysis can be extended to understand embryogenesis in a more integrated perspective. xii One of the many applications for embryogenic tissue obtained by SE induction is its use for genetic transformation. Previous work with other species have reported the highest success levels achieved with this type of explant. In this work, the establishment of an efficient protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of embrygenic cells, using three different strains carrying the p35SGUSINT plasmid, was for the first time attempted. The quantification of kanamycin resistance cells and the results obtained for the Gus staining assay indicated that C58C1 was the most efficient strain, nevertheless more detailed analysis are needed for future assays. The information gathered in this work, with the comparative analysis of the responsiveness of different genotypes, under several culture conditions, and the development of a cell suspension culture protocol, can contribute to answer to some of the limiting steps of SE in tamarillo, to which fundamental knowledge from the classical model plants has been insufficient. Finding proteins directly involved in the acquisition of embryogenic competence may help to understand the regulatory mechanisms of this process. Furthermore, the development of optimized transformation protocols is critical, not only for the species improvement, but also for functional genomics approaches that would allow to better understand the molecular pathways involved in SE.