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1
Young, Martin, und Francis Markham. „Tourism, capital, and the commodification of place“. Progress in Human Geography 44, Nr. 2 (03.02.2019): 276–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132519826679.
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The tourism industries remain inadequately and inconsistently theorised as a form of capitalist development despite their immense ability to transform spaces and economies. The fundamental proposition that tourism ‘commodifies’ place is widely declared yet rarely critically analysed. There exists confusion about the role of nature and culture, and the experiential nature of consumption, in the commodification of place. To clarify these processes, we extend previous geographic work on the commodification of nature to develop a typology of commodified tourist spaces firmly grounded in political economy. We deploy this analysis to illuminate the distinctive spatial politics of anti-tourism resistance.
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Medway, Dominic, und Gary Warnaby. „What's in a Name? Place Branding and Toponymic Commodification“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 46, Nr. 1 (Januar 2014): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a45571.
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3
Chen, Pinyu, und Xiang Kong. „Tourism-led Commodification of Place and Rural Transformation Development: A Case Study of Xixinan Village, Huangshan, China“. Land 10, Nr. 7 (01.07.2021): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070694.
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Rural commodification with rural transformation development is a potential research agenda for rural geography. Based on semi-structured interviews in five times fieldwork in Xixinan Village, Huangshan, China, this article examines how the township government as an actor with entrepreneurialism promotes the commodification of place in rural areas and its impact on rural transformation development. It was found that the township government has drawn economic returns from different subjects of tourism entrepreneurs, tourists, and lifestyle immigrants by the efforts of commodifying real estate, creative tourism experience, and nature. Rural transformation development is accompanied by rural commodification, showing rural gentrification, expansion of employment opportunities for women, and the readjustment of the social structure of the family in the demographic structure. Rural tourism and rural creative industries have developed, complementing the single agricultural structure, constituting a mutual intersection and integration among these three industries. Regarding social and cultural values, rural commodification promoted the awareness of place in protecting ancient buildings and indigenous culture, but it also brought a sense of deprivation for community and contested rurality among different groups. The development state of rural transformation is constantly changing, and the new challenges arising from it to the rural revitalization of China, in this case, are also identified. The contribution of this article is to expand the analytical dimension of the commodification of place in rural areas and examine the state entrepreneurism associated with it. It also contributes to improving the understanding of the current development state of rural transformation in China.
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Mažeikienė, Natalija, und Eglė Gerulaitienė. „COMMODIFICATION OF CULTURAL IDENTITIES AND/OR EMPOWERMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES: DEVELOPING A ROUTE OF NUCLEAR TOURISM“. SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 5 (25.05.2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3381.
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Research presented in the paper focuses on commodification of cultural identities and community empowerment strategies of cultural tourism in Visaginas.. One of challenges in developing tourism is orientation toward profit and commodification of culture, which becomes a problem in regard to practicing authentic identities. The article presents efforts of researchers working in the project EDUATOM to scientifically substantiate construction of new educational nuclear/ atomic tourism route in the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP) region. The authors discuss what diverse parameters and elements of place identity could be included and represented in the tourism in Visaginas and how community empowerment and involvement of different stakeholders might contribute to practicing various commodification strategies. The article analyses commodification of cultural identities and community empowerment strategies of educational, cultural, nuclear/atomic tourism in Visaginas, using research strategy of case study, including methods of document analysis, conversations (formal and informal) with stakeholders, secondary data analysis, construction of Post-Soviet identities and empowerment of local communities.
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Karimi, Ali. „Street Fights: The Commodification of Place Names in Post-Taliban Kabul City“. Annals of the American Association of Geographers 106, Nr. 3 (29.01.2016): 738–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1115334.
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Bogart, John H. „Commodification and Phenomenology: Evading Consent in Theory Regarding Rape“. Legal Theory 2, Nr. 3 (September 1996): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325200000513.
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In a recent essay, Donald Dripps advanced what he calls a “commodification theory” of rape, offered as an alternative to understanding rape in terms of lack of consent. Under the “commodification theory,” rape is understood as the expropriation of sexual services, i.e., obtaining sex through “illegitimate” means. One aim of Dripps's effort was to show the inadequacy of consent approaches to understanding rape. Robin West, while accepting Dripps's critique of consent theories, criticizes Dripps's commodification approach. In its place, West suggests a more phenomenological approach.The author argues that (1) neither Dripps nor West offers convincing critiques of consent-based theories; (2) the alternatives they offer presuppose the vitality of a consent-based approach to understanding rape; and (3) that both Dripps and West consistently conflate more general moral and political issues with that of the nature of rape.
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Metcalfe, Amy Scott. „Thinking in place: Picturing the Knowledge University as a politics of refusal“. Research in Education 104, Nr. 1 (23.10.2018): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034523718806932.
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In a research context marked by performance evaluation and knowledge commodification, attempts to visualize a future Knowledge University might be understood as a “politics of refusal” in that an emphasis on multimodality (image/text) confronts assumptions about the form of academic critique, calling into question the “publish-ability” of such engagements. This essay asserts a different way of thinking about the Knowledge University in both form and function.
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Huang, Ellery Chih-Han, Christy Pu, Yiing-Jenq Chou und Nicole Huang. „Public Trust in Physicians—Health Care Commodification as a Possible Deteriorating Factor: Cross-sectional Analysis of 23 Countries“. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 55 (01.01.2018): 004695801875917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958018759174.
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Trust in physicians has declined, and surveys of public opinion show a poor level of public trust in physicians. Commodification of health care has been speculated as a plausible driving force. We used cross-national data of 23 countries from the International Social Survey Programme 2011 to quantify health care commodification and study its role in the trust that patients generally place in physicians. A modified health care index was used to quantify health care commodification. There were 34 968 respondents. A question about the level of general trust in physicians and a 4-item “general trust in physicians” scale were used as our major and minor outcomes. The results were that compared with those in the reference countries, the respondents in the health care–commodified countries were approximately half as likely to trust physicians (odds ratio: 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31-0.72) and scored 1.13 (95% CI: 1.89-0.37) less on the general trust scale. However, trust in physicians in the health care–decommodified countries did not differ from that in the reference countries. In conclusion, health care commodification may play a meaningful role in the deterioration of public trust in physicians.
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Suryanarayan, Neelakshi. „From Yashwant Place to Yashka: a case study of commodification of Russian in India“. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 20, Nr. 4 (12.01.2016): 428–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2015.1115003.
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Daisuke, SATO. „Matsui, K.: Sacred Sites for Tourism Strategy: The Nagasaki Churches and the Commodification of Place“. Geographical review of Japan series A 87, Nr. 4 (01.07.2014): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/grj.87.329.
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Underhill, Jennifer. „Beatrix Potter — a Tale of Commodification: Examining the Place of ‘Classics’ in the Primary Classroom“. English in Education 36, Nr. 1 (März 2002): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-8845.2002.tb00755.x.
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Chiweshe, Manase Kudzai. „Wives at the Market Place: Commercialisation of Lobola and Commodification of Women's bodies in Zimbabwe“. Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 16, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2016): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976343020160202.
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Wilken, Rowan, und Lee Humphreys. „Placemaking through mobile social media platform Snapchat“. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 27, Nr. 3 (16.02.2021): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856521989518.
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In this article, we examine the particular ways that place is configured in and through mobile social media platform Snapchat, and how Snapchat is designed and conceptualized in such a way as to encourage digital placemaking. The position we take in this article is that place is not a thing that is merely recorded through this platform. Rather, place is something that is continually enacted, negotiated and renegotiated across multiple levels of media engagement. In developing this position, we first review the previous research on Snapchat that relates to placemaking. Then, we examine placemaking through two primary lens: Snapchat’s design and Snapchat’s business model. Our argument is that close examination of the place-based materiality and meaning of the Snapchat service for itself and for its clients reveals the interconnected construction and commodification of place through this service.
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Ward, Cynthia. „From the Suwanee to Egypt, There's No Place like Home“. PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 115, Nr. 1 (Januar 2000): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/463232.
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Zora Neale Hurston's Seraph on the Suwanee (1948) and Carolyn Chute's The Beans of Egypt, Maine (1985) feature white working-class women negotiating class hierarchies in rural communities. Despite present-day critics' putative concern with class and demonstrated interest in Hurston's other works, particularly Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), both novels have been largely ignored by the critical establishment, in part because readers lind it difficult to identify with the main characters. Comparing the critical receptions of Seraph, The Beans, and Their Eyes reveals that the mechanism by which readers identify with imaginary characters is constituted by middle-class reading practices. While a sympathetic audience emerged for Their Eyes, one is not likely to appear for the other two novels, which expose the class-bound roots of the literary construction of identity, meaning, and reality. In addition, Seraph and The Beans point, however obliquely, toward a vernacular notion of home that resists middle-class commodification.
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Dear, M. „Survey 16; Privatization and the Rhetoric of Planning Practice“. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 7, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1989): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d070449.
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In this paper the privatization of the planning profession is examined. The analysis proceeds with an exploration of how planners represent their profession through text and speech. Three kinds of rhetoric dominate discussion: a rhetoric of instrumentalism, which is concerned with reestablishing physical planning at the core of the discipline; a rhetoric of negotiation, which often loses sight of why negotiation was initiated in the first place; and a rhetoric of performance assessment, which is content with a planning which achieves its sponsors' goals. None of these concentrations is intrinsically wrong, but their cumulative effect has been to permit a commodification of the functions of planning, which has subsequently facilitated the privatization process. Other elements of planning, not susceptible to commodification, have been dropped from the discourse. One such loss has been the rhetoric of reform, which has traditionally connected planning with its progressive roots and political action. Also absent is a rhetoric of theory, which would permit comparative analysis of the meanings of a postmodern planning.
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Shuang, GAO. „Commodification of place, consumption of identity: The sociolinguistic construction of a ‘global village’ in rural China1“. Journal of Sociolinguistics 16, Nr. 3 (Juni 2012): 336–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2012.00534.x.
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DeMaria Harney, Nicholas. „The Politics of Urban Space: Modes of Place-making by Italians in Toronto's Neighbourhoods“. Modern Italy 11, Nr. 1 (Februar 2006): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940500489544.
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This paper examines the politics of urban space through a consideration of three ways Italians in Toronto, Canada, create, make claims to and express their belonging in particular neighbourhoods in the city. The article considers forms of claiming and colonizing space that are not overtly violent or confrontational with respect to other groups living within the plural city but, in effect, are assertions of power over particular places with which others must contend. The three forms encompass a range of scales, temporal duration and purposeful collective expression by Italians in Toronto, and they include the quotidian shaping of neighbourhoods, the calendrical colonizing of public spaces during religious and secular celebrations and the monument building that attests to the permanence of Italians in the city. Ultimately, these forms of place-making must contend with the larger forces of commodification and popular imagery that influence the spatial representations of Italians in Toronto.
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Apple, Michael W. „Audit Cultures, Commodification, and Class and Race Strategies in Education“. Policy Futures in Education 3, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2005): 379–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2005.3.4.378.
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The author discusses some of the ways in which certain elements of conservative modernization have had an impact on education at multiple levels. He points to the growth of commodifying logics and the audit culture that accompanies them. In the process, he highlights a number of dangers currently being faced. However, he urges us not to assume that these conditions can be reduced to the automatic workings out of simple formulae. He argues that we need a much more nuanced and complex picture of class relations and class projects to understand what is happening – and a more sensitive and historically grounded analysis of the place of racial dynamics in the vision both of ‘a world out of control’ that needs to be policed and of ‘cultural pollution’ that threatens ‘real knowledge’ in the growth of markets and audit cultures. Thus, Michael Apple also urges his readers to listen carefully to the critiques coming from collective voices within oppressed communities and to not assume that one can read off their positions by reducing their agency to simply expressions of rightist ideological formula. Becoming more nuanced about such constitutive dynamics will not guarantee that we can interrupt the tendencies upon which he focuses here. But it is one essential step in understanding the genesis of what is at stake in a serious politics of interruption.
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FILC, DANI. „Post-Fordism's Contradictory Trends: The Case of the Israeli Health Care System“. Journal of Social Policy 33, Nr. 3 (Juli 2004): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279404007755.
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The transition from the Fordist hegemonic model to post-Fordism is a complex process. It is not the unavoidable result of technological changes, but the contingent consequence of a hegemonic, political, struggle taking place at the different spheres of the social. This article studies the transformations that took place in the Israeli health care system during the last two decades in order to exemplify the political and contradictory character of the transition to post-Fordism. The article emphasises the contradiction between the partial commodification of financing and the privatisation of certain health care facilities, and the legislation of the National Health Insurance Law, which guaranteed the right to access to public health care services.
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Rose-Redwood, Reuben, Maral Sotoudehnia und Eliot Tretter. „“Turn your brand into a destination”: toponymic commodification and the branding of place in Dubai and Winnipeg“. Urban Geography 40, Nr. 6 (22.08.2018): 846–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2018.1511191.
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Nwagbara, Uzoechi. „Earth in the Balance The Commodification of the Environment in and“. Matatu 40, Nr. 1 (01.12.2012): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-040001005.
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Tanure Ojaide and Niyi Òsundare are among the foremost politically committed Nigerian poets at present. The overriding concern in virtually all their literary works is commenting on the politics of the season. In Òsundare's words, poetry is “man meaning to man.” For Ojaide, a creative writer is not “an airplant” that is not situated in a place. Both writers envision literature should have political message. Thus, in Òsundare's collection (1986) and Tanure Ojaide's (1998) the major aesthetic focus is eco-poetry, which interrogates the politics behind oil exploration in Nigeria as well as its consequences on our environment. Both writers refract this with what Òsundare calls “semantics of terrestiality”: i.e. poetry for the earth. Eco-poetry deals with environmental politics and ecological implications of humankind's activities on the planet. Armed with this poetic commitment, both writers unearth commodification of socio-economic relations, environmental/ecological dissonance, leadership malaise and endangered Nigerian environment mediated through (global) capitalism. Both writers maintain that eco-poetry is a platform for upturning environmental justice; and for decrying man's unbridled materialist pursuits. Thus, the preoccupation of this paper is to explore how both poetry collections: and interrogate the despicable state of Nigeria's environment as a consequence of global capitalism.
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Downey, Greg. „Commentary: The Place of Labor in the History of Information-Technology Revolutions“. International Review of Social History 48, S11 (24.10.2003): 225–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859003001330.
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As co-editor of this IRSH supplement “Uncovering Labour in Information Revolutions”, I have to begin this commentary with a confession. Before I entered the world of abstract knowledge production, commodification, and consumption known as academia, I was myself a worker in a world of much more concrete information processing: I was a computer programmer in the US from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, a time we might now consider the nostalgic heyday of desktop-office information technology (IT). In the spirit of full disclosure, before I leap into an analysis of how we might more broadly conceptualize information technology together with information labor in different historical contexts, I have decided to work through my own historical narrative a bit. After all, if historical practice teaches us nothing else, it teaches that each of us makes sense of the world through the lens of personal experience, leaving historians (among others) with the daunting task of interpreting, translating, and finding patterns of meaning in those experiences. Thus I offer this candid admission: “I was a teenage information worker!”
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Cao, Ruepert Jiel Dionisio. „Amateur porn in Filipino Twitter alter community: affordances, commodification, ghettoization, and gay masculinity“. Media International Australia 179, Nr. 1 (30.03.2021): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x211002845.
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This research tackles the alter community or a collective of Filipino Twitter users producing and circulating amateur porn in the form of videos or text. This article analyzes the ways in which Twitter’s features and user practices enable and constrain the production and circulation of porn, as well as its implication in understanding gay masculinity and sexual politics. By looking at Twitter’s affordances and the dynamics in the alter community, I argue that the alter community is a site where Filipino perform and validate their masculinity. This takes place alongside commodification and ghettoization that fits neatly into restraining attitudes on sexuality in the Philippines. This article contributes to a more complex and nuanced understanding of pornography, as well as the ways in which technological affordances and dynamics in distinct virtual spaces impact our understanding of gay masculinities.
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Seubert, Sandra, und Carlos Becker. „The culture industry revisited: Sociophilosophical reflections on ‘privacy’ in the digital age“. Philosophy & Social Criticism 45, Nr. 8 (26.05.2019): 930–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453719849719.
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Digital communication now pervades all spheres of life, creating new possibilities for commodification: personal data and communication are the new resources of surplus value. This in turn brings about a totally new category of threats to privacy. With recourse to the culture industry critique of early critical theory, this article seeks to challenge basic theoretical assumptions held within a liberal account of privacy. It draws the attention to the entanglement of technical and socio-economic transformations and aims at elaborating an alternative framing which takes into account that privacy is not in the first place a pre-political space for individual freedom but a constituted sphere in which social power relations are reproduced in a particularly deceitful way. With recourse to positions of critical theory, this article revisits the conceptual ambiguity of liberation and oppression and looks to draft prospects for a socio-theoretical justification and critique of privacy, updated for the digital age. Following the tradition of critical theory, the argument focuses on (new) forms of domination in and by privacy. It aims to prepare the ground for a critique of the social’s increasing commodification as well as an idea of privacy understood as reflexive participation in social practices.
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Leth-Espensen, Pernille. „Celler til salg: Kunstneriske fortolkninger af vævsøkonomier“. K&K - Kultur og Klasse 45, Nr. 124 (31.12.2017): 209–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v45i124.103919.
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An extensive circulation of human tissue is taking place in our society today: blood, organs, reproductive tissue (eggs and semen), and cell lines. This circulation and commercialisation is thematised by a range of contemporary artists, who create artworks with cell and tissue culture technologies. The artist Alicia King has bought Hs 53.T cells from the cell bank ATCC (The American Type Culture Collection) and created a monument around this cell line. These cells originate from a 13-year old Afro-American girl, and the cell sample was taken in 1969. The artist Chrissy Conant uses her own tissue. She has ’harvested’ 12 of her own eggs at a fertility clinic, preserved them in glass jars with a lid inspired by caviar packaging, and put them for sale at $250.000. In the article it is argued that the artworks address the commercialisation of human tissue by pointing out or make visible technologies or processes that are unknown to the broader public or which have become naturalised – rather than by having a specific political agenda. King thematises the commodification of human tissue by moving the cells from the anonymity of the cell bank, while Conant addresses the increasing commodification of reproductive tissue by literally packaging and branding her own bodily tissue as a luxury product.
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Ye, Rebecca. „Transnational Higher Education Strategies into and out of Singapore: Commodification and Consecration“. TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 4, Nr. 1 (24.11.2015): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2015.14.
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AbstractThis article addresses transnational higher education strategies both to and from Singapore. It does so by focusing on outbound educational mobility from Singapore to the UK and inbound educational mobility from Vietnam to Singapore. Since the turn of the century, Singapore has pursued the agenda of developing itself as a regional hub for higher education, aspiring to be a Global Schoolhouse. Yet, while the number of international students grows in local universities, Singapore's academically brightest do not necessarily take advantage of higher educational opportunities within the shores of the city-state, with many traveling to universities overseas through a form of sponsored mobility. Using two case studies, I trace two logics of commodification and consecration as observed through the processes whereby individuals and institutions devise transnational higher education strategies into and out of Singapore. The first case study draws on interviews conducted with Singaporean undergraduates at Oxbridge while the second case focuses on Vietnamese students at two Singaporean universities. Together, the analysis from these cases uncovers the value for these Southeast Asian students in studying abroad and distinguishes between different types of routes that exist: one where students choose their own educational plans and another where students are chosen for a prestigious educational and occupational pathway. With increasing participation in mass higher education taking place across the region, the article outlines, through the site of Singapore, strategies of transnationalism employed by both individuals and institutions as a means of social differentiation.
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Munn, Nancy D. „The decline and fall of Richmond Hill: Commodification and place-change in late 18th–early 19th century New York“. Anthropological Theory 13, Nr. 1-2 (März 2013): 137–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463499613483406.
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Stukuls, Daina. „Body of the Nation: Mothering, Prostitution, and Women's Place in Postcommunist Latvia“. Slavic Review 58, Nr. 3 (1999): 537–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2697567.
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Among the guiding preoccupations of postcommunist Latvia and its east European neighbors is the desire to be “normal.” A unifying notion in the period of opposition to Soviet communism, “normality” became a site of political contestation after the restoration of independence in Latvia. The fields of political and social life have been dominated by two competing narratives of normality: temporal normality, a restorationist narrative that elevates the experiences and institutions of independent interwar Latvia as a model for postcommunist change, and spatial normality, which takes the western (European) road of capitalist modernity as a map for the future. Although frequently at odds with one another in the field of political life, the temporal and spatial narratives share a nation-centered orientation that both reinforces and, arguably, expands women's subjugated status in society and submerges the “woman question” beneath the "national question." That is to say that although women as members of the body of the citizenry share in the benefits that accrue to this group in the forms of free speech, voting rights, and the right to own property, women as women have not benefited and, in fact, have suffered the consequences of the dual trends of commodification and domestication that have accompanied, respectively, the push toward economic modernity and the elevation of tradition in social life.
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Rogova, Anastasia. „How to Make Good Kids with Books: Post-Soviet Parenting and the Commodification of Children’s Literature“. Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 43, Nr. 2 (06.06.2016): 243–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763324-04302006.
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This article examines the place of children’s books in parenting strategies in Russian families. It approaches children’s books and their circulation in post-socialist Russia as one of the cultural sites where social distinction and gender are negotiated and articulated. It argues, in particular, that the importance of children’s books in post-Soviet parenting is related to a perceived insecurity of one’s social status and aspirations for a higher, or more secure, social position for themselves and their children. Genealogically, this importance draws on the Soviet-era understanding of books as a universal cultural value equally available to every Soviet citizen, but in this post-Soviet context, this idea is internalized and appropriated by the urban middle class as a means of creating and supporting social distinction.
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MARKS, LAURA U. „Thinking Multisensory Culture“. Paragraph 31, Nr. 2 (Juli 2008): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0264833408000151.
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The scholarly turn toward visual culture has left in place the sensory hierarchy that subtends Western philosophy. Yet given the commodification of sense experience, an inversion of the sensory hierarchy with the proximal senses of touch, taste, and smell at the top is not necessarily any more conducive to knowledge or justice. I argue that proximal sense experience may be a vehicle of knowledge, beauty and even ethics. Operating at a membrane between the sensible and the thinkable, the proximal senses have an affective dimension that permits an immanent epistemology. My examples and olfactory ‘illustrations’ emphasize the sense of smell, which, I posit, given its intimacy with emotion and memory, gives rise to an ‘olfactory unconscious’.
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Ungerson, Clare. „Gender, Cash and Informal Care: European Perspectives and Dilemmas“. Journal of Social Policy 24, Nr. 1 (Januar 1995): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727940002451x.
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ABSTRACTRecent feminist literature on care has suggested that, conceptually, it is better to dissolve the boundaries between ‘formal’ and ‘informal’ care when analysing care. This article suggests that there are policy developments taking place, both in Britain and in some of the countries of Europe, which are dissolving the boundaries between formal and informal care, particularly as far as payment for care is concerned. It is argued that, in this case, far from benefit systems being a form of ‘decommodification’ they are actually a form of ‘commodification’ of the caring relationship. The article then explores these empirical developments, considers their gendered nature and genderedimpact, and their possible consequences for the relationship between care-giver and care-recipient.
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Salerno, Roger A. „Neoliberal Ideology and the Centrality of Trust“. Comparative Sociology 17, Nr. 3-4 (14.06.2018): 354–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341464.
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AbstractWhile trust has become an important symbol of social health, this essay proposes that critical mistrust is essential to social progress and personal well-being. Trust is examined here as a foundational element of liberal and neoliberal ideology that has taken the place of religious faith in the unseen. However, its commodification is responsible for its scarcity and inflated value. While trust is a tool that commands allegiance to the powerful, those with power have little trust in the vast majority. Expenditures on systems of security appear to correlate with ever-declining rates of trust in social institutions, just as they decline with the increasing disparities between rich and poor around the world.
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Chapuis, Amandine. „Touring the immoral. Affective geographies of visitors to the Amsterdam Red-Light district“. Urban Studies 54, Nr. 3 (20.07.2016): 616–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016645261.
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The Amsterdam Red-Light district is a globalised mass-entertainment place for sex consumption. But the visitors touring the Red-Light district are far more diverse than sex tourists: men, women, gay, straight, stag or cultural tourists tour this place to feel the thrill of desire and disgust. The paper documents this process of commodification by these visitors, engaging with their lived experiences through ethnographic research and in-depth interviews. The paper shows the diversity of the consumption practices and representations of the spectacle of commodified sex, explaining how the emotions experienced by those touring the sex district draw on intersectional belongings (gender, sexuality, class, ethnicity). Intertwining affective and moral geographies, it concludes by arguing that the symbolic consumption of the Red-Light district cannot necessarily be predicted by virtue of standard categories of belonging, with identity formation and the consumption of sex being shaped by a complex dynamic of looks and gazes.
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Paton, Kirsteen, Vikki McCall und Gerry Mooney. „Place revisited: class, stigma and urban restructuring in the case of Glasgow’s Commonwealth Games“. Sociological Review 65, Nr. 4 (01.02.2017): 578–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.12423.
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This paper reappraises the meaning of space and place in contemporary class analysis. We explore how class is reshaped and mediated by neoliberal urban restructuring, of which the processes of gentrification and territorial stigmatization form critical parts. We focus on the contemporary interrelation of class and urban restructuring in the post-crash city by looking at the local lived experiences of the 2014 Commonwealth Games (CWG) in Glasgow’s East End. This high-profile regeneration effort in a deprived working-class neighbourhood reveals much about the functions of neoliberal financial capitalism, austerity and contemporary class formation. We show that gentrification and territorial stigmatization work in tandem within urban regeneration policy interventions as a punitive strategy for managing poor populations. This involves land value and (de)valuing of people and creates new localized class inequalities and insecurities. Our research highlights that in the face of national level cuts and commodification, residents’ local relations and support become essential social, economic and political resources. Yet, paradoxically, at the very same time, their local attachment to place is devalued, stigmatized and is at its most precarious. This exposes the coercive elements of the neoliberal class project; a distinct urban class inequality of our time and therefore, we suggest, a critical direction in class analysis.
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Sankar, Vinay. „The Commodification of Food, Farming and Farmers: A Critical Review of Farm Laws, 2020“. Space and Culture, India 8, Nr. 3 (29.11.2020): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v8i3.1117.
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The recently enacted Farm Laws in India has led to widespread and vigorous protests across the country. It has been hailed as a watershed moment by the neoliberal market analysts and is compared to the 1991 economic reforms, based on the notions of liberalisation, privatisation, and globalisation. A critical review of these laws and amendments needs to be situated in the larger narrative of commodification, wherein certain essential goods and services are appropriated and standardised and traded at market-determined prices. The present review intends to place these new laws in the broader policies and ‘projects’ of neoliberalisation of nature. A critical look at these laws shows that they have profound implications for social justice and environmental sustainability. It seeks to cross-question the food question and the peasant question by revisiting the ontological questions of what constitutes food and farming. It considers the new debate and the old vision of ‘food as commons’, and find that the new laws are, in fact, a continuation of attempts by neoliberal markets and states to commodify food and farming activities. Nevertheless, such attempts, for various reasons, face active resistance in the form of countermovements by the peasantry and enter the arena of political economy. The review argues that the present peasant resistance should be considered as part of the larger environmental justice movements.
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Mohr, Richard. „Diversity or Displacement? Housing capital and the right to place“. Oñati Socio-legal Series 10, Nr. 1 (15.04.2019): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1099.
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Increasing costs of housing and processes of gentrification are excluding poorer people from convenient areas of cities where they have traditionally lived. This paper responds to the loss of diversity being experienced in part of inner western of Sydney which has been a first home for successive waves of immigrants. It considers claims to various rights and forms of capital as a possible foundation of resistance to gentrification and the commodification of housing, and for their potential to promote egalitarian participation in urban life more generally. It asks whether there is any sense in which residents of a neighbourhood can assert a right to place. In conclusion, the interaction between rights and forms of capital is seen to be mediated by exchange and contestation. These concepts will be used to examine some of the social, political and economic means for promoting claims to cultural rights and the primacy of housing’s use value. Los costes crecientes de la vivienda y los procesos de gentrificación están excluyendo a personas más pobres de vecindarios cómodos donde siempre habían residido. Este artículo responde a la pérdida de la diversidad que se ha experimentado en la parte occidental interior de Sydney, que ha sido una primera residencia para varias generaciones de inmigrantes. Se toman en consideración reclamaciones de derechos y formas de capital como posible base de la resistencia a la gentrificación y la mercantilización de la vivienda, y para su potencial para promover una participación generalizada más igualitaria; además, plantea si hay algún sentido en las proclamaciones de un derecho territorial. La conclusión es que la interacción entre derechos y formas de capital está mediatizada por el intercambio y la contestación. Estos conceptos se utilizarán para examinar algunas de las formas sociales, políticas y económicas para promover reclamaciones de derechos culturales y la primacía del valor de uso de la vivienda.
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Pavlakovič, Barbara, Nejc Pozvek und Andreja Trdina. „Nostalgia, Commodification of Emotions and Small-town Tourism: The Case of Vintage Vila“. Acta Economica Et Turistica 2, Nr. 2 (01.12.2016): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aet-2016-0010.
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AbstractSmall urban environments face many issues in tourism; for example, how to position themselves in contrast to the larger cities and how to provide adequate tourist facilities for their guests. In the case of positioning, they have to choose something different and attractive. And in the case of infrastructure, small cities are primarily meant for their residents and have plenty residential buildings but lack of tourist accommodation buildings. The article attempts to reflect on specific contemporary form of “consumed nostalgia” (Cross, 2015) that is characteristic of the era of modern consumer society and offer an example of how its potential could be employed in tourism, particular in small urban environments with significant implications of preserving abandoned properties and thus existing architectural and cultural heritage. An analysis of Vintage Vila accommodation facility that is located in small city of Brežice, Slovenia, was conducted in order to acquaint the potential of a specific form of nostalgia tourism. After an interview with Vintage Vila founder, a review of their Facebook site and the responses of the visitors was made. Additionally the study of media coverage of Vintage Vila was completed to understand the discursive construction of a unique narrative of the place. The basic objective of this paper is to describe this innovative solution for the preservation of architectural and cultural heritage of small urban environments. With the case study of Vintage Vila accommodation facility we hope to encourage other small cities to recognise their potential in abandoned buildings. Restoration of such facilities can open up new possibilities in tourism and may, together with thoughtfully chosen narratives that emotionally bound people to their material environment, contribute to a revitalization of small cities. What is more, tourism development grounded in vintage and nostalgia appeals should be considered as part of a call for sustainable growth, as it advocates and supports alternative consumer practices (such as recycling and reusing objects) and preservation of material culture in general.
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Witten, Karen, Robin Kearns, Nick Lewis, Heather Coster und Tim McCreanor. „Educational Restructuring from a Community Viewpoint: A Case Study of School Closure from Invercargill, New Zealand“. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 21, Nr. 2 (April 2003): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c05r.
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Beyond their educational function, schools are frequently a focal point for community life. We argue that this latter role was compromised in New Zealand by a decade of neoliberal realignments within education policy. During the 1990s the abolition of school zones, the commodification of education, and the drive for efficiency in the allocation of educational resources undermined the place of school in community life. In this paper we explore the impacts of a school closure on an urban neighbourhood in Invercargill, New Zealand. We present and interpret narratives gathered during an interview-based study of the closure of Surrey Park Primary School. Our analysis highlights parents' perspectives on the role of the educational bureaucracy in the closure debate, the ambiguous role assigned to ‘community’ within the restructured system, the impact of the closure for low-income families, and the place of schools in contributing to the neighbourhood social cohesion. Our analysis concurs with international research suggesting that breaking links between schools and communities has potentially significant educational impacts on children.
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Berndt, Christian, und Marc Boeckler. „The City as World-Place: Transterritorial Flows and Territorial Order in a Nuremberg Neighbourhood“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, Nr. 7 (Juli 2007): 1545–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38484.
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Approaching struggles for political representation through a perspective of ‘methodological transterritorialism’, we seek to make sense of recent developments evolving around a territorialised urban neighbourhood. Werderau, a garden suburb founded by a mechanical engineering company at the beginning of the 20th century, enjoyed relative protection from globalising frictions and struggles until the ‘world-in-motion’ suddenly penetrated the community a few years ago. We begin by charting the production of the bounded settlement as a site of alternate social ordering at a time of hyper-industrialisation and its imaginary role as a territorial heterotopia, symbolising order in a seemingly chaotic urban world. Turning to the owner's decision to sell the neighbourhood in 1998, we then argue that long-term inhabitants discursively frame the events following the decision as ‘transterritorial pollution’ of their bounded community, reflected in the commodification of their neighbourhood and in an ‘invasion’ of non-German home-owners. After discussing how longer term residents attempt to restabilise their identities by taking up a xenophobic discourse, we conclude by criticising policymakers for responding solely in a territorial logic and for one-sidedly taking up the discourse advanced by long-term residents. Instead, we advance a utopian vision of the city as a worldly site where people live under conditions of ‘transcultural Gleich-Gültigkeit’ in the double meaning of the German term: understood as being ‘indifferent’ towards the proximate other as well as referring to equality and equal rights.
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Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A., und Aceil Al-Khatib. „The ClarivateTM Analytics acquisition of Publons – an evolution or commodification of peer review?“ Research Ethics 15, Nr. 3-4 (10.11.2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747016117739941.
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Without peer reviewers, the entire scholarly publishing system as we currently know it would collapse. However, as it currently stands, publishing is an extremely exploitative system, relative to other business models, in which trained and specialized labor is exploited, in the form of editors and peer reviewers, primarily by for-profit publishers, in return for a pat on the back, and a public nod of thanks. This is the “standardized” and “accepted” form for deriving mainstream peer reviewed literature. However, except for open peer review, where reports are open and identities are known, traditional peer review is closed, and the content of peer reports is known only to the authors and editors involved. Publons launched in 2012 as a platform that would offer recognition to peer reviewers for their work. In 2016, Publons rewarded the most productive reviewers with a “Sentinels of Science” award, accompanied by a dismal monetary reward (38 US cents/review) for their efforts. A site aimed at registering pre- and post-publication peer efforts, Publons was perceived as a positive step towards a more transparent peer review system. However, the continued presence of fake peer reviews and a spike in retractions, even among publishers that were Publons sponsors, suggests that perhaps peers may be exploiting Publons to get recognition for superficial or poor peer review. Since all reviews are not public, their content and quality cannot be verified. On 1 June 2017, ClarivateTM Analytics, which owns the journal impact factor—most likely the most gamed non-academic factor in academic publishing—which is a measure of the number of citations of papers in journals, many of which are published by the for-profit publishers—including Publons sponsors—that “employ” free peer reviewers to quality check the literature they then sell for profit, purchased Publons. Touting the purchase as a way to increase transparency, and stamp out fake peer review, some who had supported Publons felt betrayed, even cancelling their Publons accounts immediately when learning of this purchase. Their concerns included the possible “gaming” of peer review as had taken place with the journal impact factor. This commentary examines possible positive and negative aspects of this business transaction, and what it might mean to academics and publishers.
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Rewizorski, Marek. „Globalne zarządzanie w perspektywie transnarodowego materializmu historycznego“. Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne 21 (14.03.2017): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1643-0328.21.2.
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Transnational historical materialism as a perspectiveon global governanceThe main purpose of this article is to systematize various positions held by transnational historical materialists in relation to global governance. They believe that the aforementioned phenomenon is a concept whose purpose is to conceal the class character of control practices taking place in the contemporary capitalist economy. The common denominator is the historical relationship between globalization, commodification and liberalization, as processes which became particularly evident in the late 1970s and 80s. Hence, the first part of this article shows criticism of the UN vision of global governanceIn the second part, the issue analyzed is embedded in a theoretical outlook, based mainly on the works of Immanuel Wallerstein, Henk Overbeek, Robert Cox, Mark Duffield and Stephen Gill. The article ends with conclusions containing generalizations resulting from the analysis.
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Veen, Esther J. „Fostering Community Values through Meal Sharing with Strangers“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 7 (10.04.2019): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072121.
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This paper studies a Dutch meal sharing platform in order to understand what it means to engage in face-to-face sharing with strangers and what the performance of such transactions entails. I hypothesize that this meal sharing platform is a form of community self-organization, aiming to replace the anonymity of the food system by the creation of community relations through sharing. I used semistructured interviews, participant observations, and autoethnography to investigate the social aspects involved in this type of sharing. Focusing on rules of engagement, trust, exchange, and commodification, I argue that while first encounters in stranger food sharing may be awkward, people enter the transaction from a perspective of trust. While sharing meals through this platform is a form of true sharing and no direct reciprocity is required, consumers see their appreciation for the meals as a way to reciprocate. In that sense, positive reviews consolidate the relations between cook and consumer. Money also plays an important role in the transaction, enabling it to take place as it clarifies roles and responsibilities and shows genuine interest. However, commodification also means that users are looking for value for money, while simultaneously they expect the price to reflect the initiative’s “noncommercialness”. I conclude that there is a clear social element in this particular type of meal sharing that distinguishes it from more mainstream economic transactions. Being based on real connections, this particular performance of sharing is a way to socialize the economy, and to tackle local community problems.
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Joseph, Daniel James. „The Discourse of Digital Dispossession: Paid Modifications and Community Crisis on Steam“. Games and Culture 13, Nr. 7 (27.02.2018): 690–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555412018756488.
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This article is a chronicle and analysis of a community crisis in digital space that took place on Valve Corporation’s digital distribution platform, Steam. When Valve and Bethesda (publisher and developer of Skyrim) decided to allow mods to be sold by mod makers themselves, there ensued a community revolt against the commodification of leisure and play. I put this crisis of play and work in dialogue with Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession,” firmly placing it within a longer history of disruptive capital accumulation strategies. I then conduct a discourse analysis of community members on reddit, as they make sense of and come to terms with this process of dispossession. Arising in the discourse was not class consciousness per se, but instead a pervasive feeling of helplessness and frustration as games, play, and leisure began to feel like work.
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Brown, Brian, und Anabel Quan-Haase. „‘A Workers’ Inquiry 2.0’: An Ethnographic Method for the Study of Produsage in Social Media Contexts“. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 10, Nr. 2 (25.05.2012): 488–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v10i2.390.
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In this paper, we propose a new ethnographic method for the study of produsage (Bruns 2008) in social media contexts. The proposed method is based on three lines of thought: Marx’s method of ‘A Workers’ Inquiry’, the autonomists’ method of co-research, and recent critical theory of Web 2.0. To show the applicability and usefulness of the proposed method, we first compare it to other Marxist inspired methodological approaches and then we describe a case study to illustrate the method’s diversity and its potential for providing new insights into the processes of produsage and the commodification of audiences as described in previous work by Smythe (1977), Bruns (2008), Cohen (2008), and Fuchs (2011). The case study consists of a critical examination of the mode of produsage as it takes place in Flickr, one of the largest photo-sharing communities on the Internet.
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Carver, Lisa F., und Debra Mackinnon. „Health Applications of Gerontechnology, Privacy, and Surveillance: A Scoping Review“. Surveillance & Society 18, Nr. 2 (16.06.2020): 216–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v18i2.13240.
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In this era of technological advances designed to assist older adults to age in place and monitor health challenges, the emphasis has been on the surveillance of older adults for their safety and the peace of mind of caregivers. This article focuses on two emerging gerontechnologies: wearables and smart home or ambient assistive living (AAL) devices. In order to explore the intersections of the ageing enterprise and surveillance capitalism, this scoping review addresses the following questions: (1) what are the existing technologies; (2) what are the privacy concerns raised by participants, researchers, and caregivers due to intended and unintended uses of these technologies? Specifically, this article synthesizes twenty relevant sources concerning the surveillance potentials of these gerontechnologies and the privacy implications for adults aged sixty-five and over. While these technologies may offer older adults greater autonomy/safety and caregivers peace of mind, their surveillance and privacy infringement potentials cannot be overlooked or cast as a trade-off. Amidst the automation of the care, collection, combination, and commodification of various forms of personal, health, and wellness metadata, the right to privacy, dignity, and ageing in place must remain central to the adoption and use of these technologies.
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Aminah, Siti. „Construction of space identity: Socio-historical and political dialectics in the globalisation era“. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 31, Nr. 2 (30.06.2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v31i22018.140-154.
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Every local government in Indonesia seeks to construct a space/place identity. Competition between identities becomes a key element in relation to recognition, differentiation, and commodification in the context of decentralisation’s implementation. This article has studied Mojokerto’s identity development as a part of the territorial administration system with regional autonomy. Policymakers designated Mojokerto as the host of Mojopahit House’s identity. The geographical space of Mojokerto competes in terms of identity, which underwent another comparison and intense competition with other regions’ identities. Why was Mojopahit House determined as the identity of Mojokerto by the government at the national, provincial, and municipal levels? Based on such a question, this paper employed the politico-spatial approach using the qualitative analysis method and interpretive approach. This study found that the policymakers viewed Mojopahit House as the most suitable symbol in the identity competition between regions and autonomous regions. It can be turned into a fundamental icon to project political value, economic value, and/or the place attributes. Mojopahit House has becomes a representative of the local-traditional, global, and political economy identity. To conclude, the development of space identity lies within heritage conservation policy and globalisation pressure.
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Ramírez-Cover, Alonso. „Uneven Territorialization and Sea Turtle Conservation in Neoliberal Costa Rica“. Human Geography 6, Nr. 1 (März 2013): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861300600110.
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The commodification of nature through environmental conservation always requires appropriate institutional frameworks to be put in place. Such frameworks often entail making market-conservation practices the only viable choice for accessing and using natural resources. State territorialization constitutes a driving process as it delineates the authority required to determine who has access to and control over natural resources, how and when. In a neoliberal context, such processes of territorialization tend to involve and be oriented by several non-state actors encouraged by interests of securing the means for environmental conservation and capital accumulation. However, by referring to the case of a small Costa Rican protected area called Las Baulas National Park; this article argues that conflicts may also arise between the chosen stewards – in this case, tourism-related real estate entrepreneurs and conservationists. Moreover, in contexts determined by contradicting scales of governance such conflicts may render neoliberal territorialization partial and unclear.
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Blazier, Jaden, und Rien Janssens. „Regulating the international surrogacy market:the ethics of commercial surrogacy in the Netherlands and India“. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 23, Nr. 4 (14.09.2020): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11019-020-09976-x.
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Abstract It is unclear what proper remuneration for surrogacy is, since countries disagree and both commercial and altruistic surrogacy have ethical drawbacks. In the presence of cross-border surrogacy, these ethical drawbacks are exacerbated. In this article, we explore what would be ethical remuneration for surrogacy, and suggest regulations for how to ensure this in the international context. A normative ethical analysis of commercial surrogacy is conducted. Various arguments against commercial surrogacy are explored, such as exploitation and commodification of surrogates, reproductive capacities, and the child. We argue that, although commodification and exploitation can occur, these problems are not specific to surrogacy but should be understood in the broader context of an unequal world. Moreover, at least some of these arguments are based on symbolic rhetoric or they lack knowledge of real-world experiences. In line with this critique we argue that commercial surrogacy can be justified, but how and under what circumstances depends on the context. Surrogates should be paid a sufficient amount and regulations should be in order. In this article, the Netherlands and India (where commercial surrogacy was legal until 2015) are case examples of contexts that differ in many respects. In both contexts, surrogacy can be seen as a legitimate form of work, which requires the same wage and safety standards as other forms of labor. Payments for surrogacy need to be high enough to avoid exploitation by underpayment, which can be established by the mechanisms of either minimum wage (in high income countries such as the Netherlands), or Fair-Trade guidelines (in lower-middle income countries such as India). An international treaty governing commercial surrogacy should be in place, and local professional bodies to protect the interests of surrogates should be required. Commercial surrogacy should be permitted across the globe, which would also reduce the need for intended parents to seek surrogacy services abroad.
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Garofalo Geymonat, Giulia, Daniela Cherubini und Sabrina Marchetti. „The feminist and domestic workers’ movements: disconnected practices, discursive convergences“. European Journal of Politics and Gender 4, Nr. 2 (01.06.2021): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251510821x16125208512228.
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The article explores the relationship between women’s rights and feminist and domestic workers’ movements by drawing on qualitative data gathered in a comparative study on domestic workers’ rights in Italy, Germany, Spain, India, the Philippines, Taiwan, Colombia, Brazil and Ecuador (2016–21). Despite the frequent disconnection between the two movements at the practical level, a possible convergence may be identified in the discursive frames that domestic workers’ rights activists make use of. The analysis focuses on two feminist anti-capitalist frames recurring in mobilisations for domestic workers’ rights, addressing the valorisation of reproductive labour and the transnational commodification of care. Domestic workers’ activism tends to build on these frames beyond their mainstream forms and to expand them in intersectional ways, enlarging their capacity to include racialised, low-class, migrant and other minority groups. This becomes a creative force at the level of discourse, where different alliances may take place in a less visible way.
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Dembek, Agata. „O obecności ideału romantyczności we współczesnych związkach miłosnych“. Kultura i Społeczeństwo 55, Nr. 1 (18.01.2011): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2011.55.1.8.
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Love and models of loving relationships constitute an important field of analysis for the contemporary sociology of individuals. Models of loving also illustrate the wide changes that have taken place in the culture of Western individualism and in the predominant value system. Some critics of this culture, like Zygmunt Bauman or Ulrich Beck, argue that romantic love has become outdated and has been replaced by relationships treated instrumentally by lovers, and managed with the rules which resemble the logic of the market. This paper contains a comparison of the romantic love code and Giddens’ confluent love code. By demonstrating the similarities and differences between them, the author answers the question about the influence of the romantic ideal on the contemporary model of love and relationships. She argues that the confluent love code includes many romantic elements, adapted to the cultural reality of the new middle class. Other elements, incompatible with values of this culture, are subjected to processes of commodification and used by consumers’ market.