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1
Chan, Christine Emi. Beyond Colonization, Commodification, and Reclamation. Herausgegeben von Anthony Shay und Barbara Sellers-Young. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199754281.013.36.
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The Hawaiian Islands have long been characterized as a place of romance, mystery, and exotic cultural experiences. Since the 18th century arrival of Europeans, this view of Hawaii has been perpetuated by explorers, missionaries, the government, the tourist industry, and many others who choose to play into the fantasies of Hawaiian culture conjured and maintained by Orientalization. Hula and the figure of the Hawaiian hula girl are particularly oversexualized and overspiritualized. Today, we see debate over whether non-Native speakers, nonindigenous people, or non-Hawaii residents should be allowed to participate in the dance. Interestingly, in attempting to celebrate hula, certain rhetoric reinforces Orientalist tendencies to romanticize hula and Hawaii. Therefore, I offer a retheorization of hula by drawing out aspects of hula presentations that (1) recognize hula as a recycled tradition, (2) acknowledge the unique plight of the indigenous people of Hawaii, and (3) do not limit participation to certain bodies.
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Clarke, Katherine. Lines and Dots. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820437.003.0003.
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This chapter focuses on the articulation of geographical space, both in reality and in concept, by major geographical features such as rivers and mountain ranges. The importance of rivers such as the Nile and Ister (Danube) in dominating their respective landscapes and offering structure to the world through symmetry is discussed; also the role of rivers in marking the progress of military expeditions and defining the limits of kingdoms and empires. After next considering the place of mountains in Herodotus’ geography, the chapter moves finally to examine the special status of islands as distinctive environments, places of both safety and danger, and liable to commodification in the pursuit of empire.
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Coderre, Laurence. Newborn Socialist Things. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021612.
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Contemporary China is seen as a place of widespread commodification and consumerism, while the preceeding Maoist Cultural Revolution is typically understood as a time when goods were scarce and the state criticized what little consumption was possible. Indeed, with the exception of the likeness and words of Mao Zedong, both the media and material culture of the Cultural Revolution are often characterized as a void out of which the postsocialist world of commodity consumption miraculously sprang fully formed. In Newborn Socialist Things, Laurence Coderre explores the material culture of the Cultural Revolution to show how it paved the way for commodification in contemporary China. Examining objects ranging from retail counters and porcelain statuettes to textbooks and vanity mirrors, she shows how the project of building socialism in China has always been intimately bound up with consumption. By focusing on these objects—or “newborn socialist things”—along with the Cultural Revolution’s media environment, discourses of materiality, and political economy, Coderre reconfigures understandings of the origins of present-day China.
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Paryż, Marek, Hrsg. Annie Proulx. University of Warsaw Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323547983.
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The philosophical underpinnings and existential implications of Annie Proulx’s fiction situate it in the tradition of literary naturalism. The writer portrays characters from the lower social classes, people who are unable to overcome the impasse in which they have found themselves. Far from idyllic sentiments, Proulx’s approach to the experience of place connects her to the writers associated with so-called new regionalism. She shows the degrading influence of the life amidst beautiful natural surroundings on individual human psyche. Proulx looks closely at the processes of the commodification of regional culture and interprets them as symptoms of a dangerous global tendency.
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Jamil, Ghazala. Coda. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199470655.003.0007.
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This brief chapter is an exercise in critical conjecture and is also meant to be an exercise in intellectual pessimism following Gramsci. I attempt to argue that inequality and segregation in the city not only frustrate the possibility of it becoming an ideal place, but also obstruct the vision for an alternative image of the city. The chapter traverses the difficulties of imagining the city as a truly inclusive space when it is riddled with contradictions arising out of alienating forces of commodification, fetishization, and consumption on the one hand; and impulse for survival, justice, collectivities, realization of dreams, and pursuit of happiness on the other.
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Bégin, Camille. An American Culinary Heritage? University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040252.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on how the construction of Mexican food as southwestern heritage taste in the 1930s paradoxically participated in affirming the American identity of the region. The exploration of the links between tasting place and tasting race in the Southwest details how the construction of sensory racial authenticity intertwined with economic exchanges. The commodification of Mexican food as the region's culinary heritage spurred the development of practices of sensory sightseeing that participated in the making of the modern identity and wealth of the region, while curtailing Spanish speakers' participation in it as it confined them to the past and lumped together populations with vastly different immigration, social, and political histories.
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Vanaik, Anish. Possessing the City. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848752.001.0001.
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This book is a social history of the property market in late-colonial Delhi; a period of much turbulence and transformation. It argues that historians of South Asian cities must connect transformations in urban space and Delhi’s economy. Utilizing a novel archive, it outlines the place of private property development in Delhi’s economy from 1911 to 1947. Rather than large-scale state initiatives, like the Delhi Improvement Trust, it was profit-oriented, decentralized, and market-based initiatives of urban construction that created the Delhi cityscape. A second thematic concern of Possessing the City is to carefully specify the emerging relationship between the state and urban space during this period. Rather than a narrow focus on urban planning ideas, it argues that the relationship be thought of in triangular fashion: the intermediation of the property market was crucial to emerging statecraft and urban form during this period. Finally, the book examines struggles and conflicts over the commodification of land. Rents and prices of urban property were directly at issue in the tussles over housing that are examined here. The question of commodification can, however, also be discerned in struggles that were not ostensibly about economic issues: clashes over religious sites in the city. Through careful attention to the historical interrelationships between state, space, and the economy, this book offers a novel intervention in the history of late-colonial Delhi.
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Morris, Robyn. Multicultural and Transnational Novels. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679775.003.0022.
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In Australia, the issue of multiculturalism has been the subject of considerable debate. This tension has been captured by and reflected in the reception of the strong but constantly evolving tradition of Australian multicultural writing. The controversy centres on who can speak for whom, claims of the appropriation and commodification of multicultural writing by publishers and academia, and the multicultural novel's relationship to — and place within — Australian literature. The chapter considers the rise of Australian multicultural and contemporary transnational literature since the 1950s and its connection to political and cultural ideologies. In particular, it examines how autobiographical reflections or fictional accounts of the experience of migration have influenced public discourse on issues of citizenship and belonging. A number of such works are cited, including Antigone Kefala's The Island (1984), Christos Tsiolkas's Loaded (1995), and Adib Khan's Spiral Road (2007).
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Jamil, Ghazala. Materiality of Culture and Identity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199470655.003.0002.
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This chapter opens with a brief survey of literature on spatialization of discrimination. It presents an account of Old Delhi and Seelampur. It investigates ideological purposes of production of space and asserts that urban space has been commodified by capitalism even in its quality as a place of play and leisure. Parts of the Muslim localities in the walled city are produced as museumized space for the adventurous neo-liberal consumer of artistic, cultural, historical, and architectural heritage. Simultaneously, Muslim localities (such as Seelampur) are produced as derelict, dense and illicit areas by discursive practice—journalists, social science/planning researchers, social work/development practitioners. It is asserted that the two processes of segregation through ‘representation of space’ are affected due to materiality of culture and identity. Cultural commodification and labour market segmentation, as two modes of accumulation, are aided by segregation.
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Schiller, Dan. Taking Care of Business. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038761.003.0012.
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This chapter examines the Commerce Department's free-flow policy as part of its power over internet policy. It first provides an overview of U.S.–centric internet and Commerce's Internet Policy Task Force, established to launch an inquiry into “the global free flow of information on the Internet.” The inquiry's purpose was “to identify and examine the impact that restrictions on the flow of information over the Internet have on American businesses and global commerce.” The chapter also considers Commerce's commodification strategies based in part on data centers and the place of cloud computing services in the department's free-flow inquiry. It shows that the Commerce Department's free-flow policy was a major component of the federal government's overall efforts to keep corporate data flows streaming without restriction as new profit sites emerged around an extraterritorial internet managed by the United States.
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Seeliger, Martin, und Sebastian Sevignani, Hrsg. Ein neuer Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit? Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748912187.
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The public sphere is important for democracy and it is changing. Its current development is taking place at the point where three sequences of institutional change meet and interact: globalisation, commodification and the digitalisation of social dimensions. The contributions to this volume examine these developments in discussion with the public sphere theory of Jürgen Habermas, who presents his own reflections on a renewed structural transformation of the public sphere. The book is aimed at a broad interdisciplinary audience from the social and cultural sciences who are interested in lively and functioning public spheres and would like to gain an overview of related opportunities for and challenges to the legitimacy and effectiveness of democracy based on well-founded contemporary diagnoses of our times. With contributions by Marcus Baum, Timon Beyes, Ulrich Brinkmann, Leonhard Dobusch, Renate Fischer, Nancy Fraser, Jürgen Habermas, Heiner Heiland, Maximillian Heimstädt, Otfried Jarren, Sandra Kostner, Georg Krücken, Felix Maschewski, Anna-Verena Nosthoff, Claudia Ritzi, Christoph Roos, Hartmut Rosa, Martin Seeliger, Sebastian Sevignani, Philipp Staab, Thorsten Thiel, Tanja Thomas, Hans-Jörg Trenz, Silke Van Dyk, Fabian Virchow and Michael Zürn.
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Linarelli, John, Margot E. Salomon und Muthucumaraswamy Sornarajah. The Legal Rendering of Immiseration. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753957.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the reader to the ideas and arguments that animate this wide-ranging book. Whereas many works focus on violations of international law, this book is concerned with the law itself. It seeks to demonstrate how the truth about the role and effects of the law in the creation and perpetuation of misery fail adequately to inform it. From its early inception to the present day, international law has always been predicated on private property and commodification and so the social and political values that are constitutive of economies as much as property and contract have, in important ways, been forsaken. In laying the ground, this chapter distinguishes fact from fiction in the nature and scale of harms and alienations, to introduce the pluralist approach taken in this critique of international law. In that diverse traditions from liberal to radical shed light on the problems and their possible redress, it is explained in this chapter how the book engages these various traditions. In calling for a ‘predistributive’ international law, the chapter foregrounds the need to move from mere redistribution to making international law just in the first place, in a structural sense. In its coverage of what this book is and is not about, this first chapter seeks to unshackle the reader from deep-rooted assumptions that frame the debates around economic globalization and to begin the critical project of exploring how international law is both constituted by capitalism and constitutive of it and with what implications for justice reasonably understood.
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Mason, Emma. Christina Rossetti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723691.001.0001.
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Christina Rossetti: Poetry, Ecology, Faith suggests that the life and works of Christina Rossetti offer a commentary on the relationship between Christianity and ecology. It counters readings of her as a withdrawn or apolitical poet by reading her Anglo-Catholic faith in the context of her commitment to the nonhuman. Rossetti considered the doctrines and ideas associated with the Catholic Revival to be revelatory of an ecology of creation in which all things, material and immaterial, human and nonhuman, divine and embodied, are interconnected. The book focuses on her close attention to the Bible, the Church Fathers, and Francis of Assisi to show how her poetry, prose, and letters refused the nineteenth-century commodification of creation and declared it as a new and shared reality kept in eternal flux by the nondual love of the Trinity. In chapters on her early involvement in the Oxford Movement, her relationship to the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, Franciscan commitment to the diversity of plant and animal life through her anti-vivisection activism, and green reading of the apocalypse as transformative rather than destructive, the book traces an ecological love command in her writing, one she considered it a Christian duty to fulfil. It illuminates Rossetti’s at once sensitive and keenly ethical readings of the place of flora and fauna, stars and planets, humans and angels in creation, and is also the first study of its kind to argue for the centrality of spiritual materialism in her work, one driven by a prevenient and green grace.
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Benger Alaluf, Yaara. The Emotional Economy of Holidaymaking. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866152.001.0001.
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It is often taken for granted that holiday resorts sell intangible commodities such as freedom, enjoyment, pleasure, and relaxation. But how did the desire for a ‘happy holiday’ emerge, how was ‘the right to rest’ legitimized, and how are emotions produced by commercial enterprises? To answer these questions, The Emotional Economy of Holidaymaking explores the rise of popular holidaymaking in late-nineteenth-century Britain. Drawing on a wide range of texts, including medical literature, parliamentary debates, advertisements, travel guides, and personal accounts, the book unravels the role emotions played in British spa and seaside holiday cultures. Introducing the concept of an ‘emotional economy’, Yaara Benger Alaluf traces the overlapping impact that psychological and economic thought had on moral ideals and performative practices of work and leisure. Through a vivid account of changing attitudes toward health, pleasure, social class, and gender in late-Victorian and Edwardian Britain, she explains why the democratization of holidaymaking went hand in hand with its emotionalization. Combining the history of emotions with the sociology of commodification, the book offers an innovative approach to the study of the leisure and entertainment industries and a better understanding of how medicalized conceptions of emotions influenced people’s dispositions, desires, consumption habits, and civil rights. Looking ahead to the central place of tourism in twenty-first-century societies and its relation to stress and burnout, The emotional economy of holidaymaking calls on future research of past and present leisure cultures to take emotions seriously and to rethink notions of rationality, authenticity, and agency.
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Samuels, Jeffrey. Contemporary Buddhism in Malaysia. Herausgegeben von Michael Jerryson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199362387.013.1.
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This chapter examines Buddhism in Malaysia, from its early history through the contemporary period. It investigates the factors that contributed to the migration and continued presence of Chinese, Thai, Burmese, and Sri Lankan Buddhists to peninsular Malaysia, as well as the causes that led to the founding of their own familiar places of worship. Turning more specifically to the postcolonial period, this chapter explores the intersection of politics and religion. Focusing on the minority status of Malaysian Buddhists vis-à-vis their majority Malay-Muslim fellow citizens, the chapter considers not only how the commodification of religion and culture has functioned as a centripetal force drawing together disparate groups of Buddhists in Malaysia, but also how the felt need among Buddhists to work together and speak in a unified voice has shaped ideas about Buddhist orthodoxy and orthopraxy.
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van Onselen, Charles. The Night Trains. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197568651.001.0001.
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The full physical and social cost of South Africa’s twentieth-century mining revolution, based on the exploitation of cheap, commoditised, black, migrant labour, has yet to be fully understood. The success of the system, which contributed to the evolution of the policies of spatial segregation and apartheid, depended, in large measure, on the physical distance between the labourer’s home and places of work being successfully bridged by steam locomotives and a rail network. These night trains left deep scars in the urban and rural cultures of black communities, whether in the form of popular songs or in a belief in nocturnal witches’ trains that captured and conveyed zombie workers to the region’s most unpopular places of employment. Through careful analysis of the contrasting inward- and outward-bound legs of the migrants’ rail journey, van Onselen shows how black bodies (and minds) were ‘recruited’, transported and worked in the repressive compound system—sometimes to the point of insanity—and then returned broken, deranged, disabled or maimed to their country of origin, Mozambique. It offers a startling new analysis of the commodification of African labour in an inter-colonial setting.
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Mantie, Roger, und Gareth Dylan Smith, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Music Making and Leisure. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190244705.001.0001.
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Music has been a vital part of leisure activity across time and cultures. Contemporary commodification, commercialization, and consumerism, however, have created a chasm between conceptualizations of music making and numerous realities in our world. From a broad range of perspectives and approaches, this handbook explores avocational involvement with music (i.e., amateur, recreation) as an integral part of the human condition. The chapters in The Oxford Handbook of Music Making and Leisure present a myriad of ways for reconsidering—refocusing attention on—the rich, exciting, and emotionally charged ways in which people of all ages make time for making music through music learning and participation. The contexts discussed are broadly Western, including a diversity of voices from scholars across fields and disciplines, framing complex and multifaceted phenomena that may be helpfully, enlighteningly, and perhaps provocatively framed as music making and leisure. The book is structured in four parts: (I) Relationships to and with Music; (II) Involvement and Meaning; (III) Scenes, Spaces, and Places; and (IV) On the Diversity of Music Making and Leisure. This volume may be viewed as an attempt to reclaim music making and leisure as a serious concern for, among others, policy makers, scholars, and educators, who perhaps risk eliding some or even most of the ways in which music, so central to community and belonging, is integrated into the everyday lives of people. As such, this handbook looks beyond the obvious (of course music making is leisure!), asking readers to consider anew, “What might we see when we think of music making as leisure?”