Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Pizza – Nutrition“

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a worked example of product reformulation of a very popular ‘junk food’ to meet nutritional guidelines for public health in a ready meal.DesignIndicative survey of popular Margherita pizzas, followed by product reformulation, applying dietary guidelines to generate a single-item pizza meal containing 30 % daily amounts of energy and all nutrients. An iterative process was used; first to optimize nutrient balance by adjusting the proportions of bread base, tomato-based sauce and mozzarella topping, then adding ingredients to provide specific nutrients and consumer tasting.SettingUrban areas of contrasting socio-economic status.SubjectsUntrained unselected adults (n49) and children (n63), assessing pizza at tasting stations.ResultsMost commercial pizzas provide insufficient information to assess all nutrients and traditional Margherita pizza ingredients provide insufficient Fe, Zn, iodine, and vitamins C and B12. Energy content of the portions currently sold as standard range from 837 to 2351 kJ (200 to 562 kcal), and most exceed 30 % Guideline Daily Amounts for saturated fat and Na when a 2510 kJ (600 kcal) notional meal is considered. The ‘nutritionally balanced pizza’ provides the required energy for a single-item meal (2510 kJ/600 kcal), with all nutrients within recommended ranges: Na (473 mg, ∼45 % below recommended level), saturated fat (<11 % energy) and dietary fibre (13·7 g). Most adults (77 %) and children (81 %) rated it ‘as good as’ or ‘better than’ their usual choice.ConclusionsNutritional guidelines to reduce chronic diseases can be applied to reformulate ‘junk food’ ready meals, to improve public health through a health-by-stealth approach without requiring change in eating habits.

To our knowledge, no studies so far have investigated the role of pizza and its ingredients in modulating disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We assessed this question via a recent cross-sectional study including 365 participants from Italy, the birthplace of pizza. Multiple robust linear and logistic regression models were fitted with the tertile consumption categories of each available pizza-related food item/group (i.e., pizza, refined grains, mozzarella cheese, and olive oil) as independent variables, and each available RA activity measure (i.e., the Disease Activity Score on 28 joints with C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), and the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI)) as the dependent variable. Stratified analyses were carried out according to the disease severity or duration. Participants eating half a pizza >1 time/week (vs. ≤2 times/month) reported beneficial effects on disease activity, with the significant reductions of ~70% (overall analysis), and 80% (the more severe stratum), and the significant beta coefficients of −0.70 for the DAS28-CRP, and −3.6 for the SDAI (overall analysis) and of −1.10 and −5.30 (in long-standing and more severe RA, respectively). Among the pizza-related food items/groups, mozzarella cheese and olive oil showed beneficial effects, especially in the more severe stratum. Future cohort studies are needed to confirm this beneficial effect of pizza and related food items/groups on RA disease activity.

Understanding the hierarchy for consumers between different labels signaling various characteristics defining food sustainability is still an open question. A web survey was conducted in France to examine how providing different scores about the environment and/or nutrition could influence purchase intents for one pizza. 1200 participants were recruited in France in April 2021. They were asked about their purchase intents for one pizza, before and after seeing nutritional and/or ecological scores associated with colors going from green to red. A Global-Score synthetizing both nutritional and ecological dimensions was also tested. The results show that the appearance of scores and colors significantly affect the purchase intents for this pizza. Indeed, for each type of score (namely nutritional, ecological or global), the dominant effect comes from the reduction in purchase intents related to the red color, although green or yellow colors also change purchase intents but to a lesser extent. With the red color, the nutritional score leads to more significant decreases in purchasing intents than the ones related to the ecological score or the Global-Score. With an additional round, the appearance of another score complementing the alternative one underlines that the negative impact of the red color for one score on purchase intents is not outweighed by the positive impact of the green color for the other score.

Inflammation plays a role in development of diabetic complications. The postprandial state has been linked to chronic low grade inflammation. We therefore aimed to investigate the acute effects of fructose loading, with and without a pizza, on metabolic and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 7) and in healthy subjects (HS) (n = 6), age 47–76 years. Drinks consumed were blueberry drink (18 g fructose), Coca-Cola (17.5 g fructose), and fructose drink (35 g fructose). The levels of glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and inflammatory markers: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were analyzed in blood. The postprandial responses were assessed using Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs test, Friedman’s ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U test. There was no difference in baseline levels of inflammatory markers between the groups. In T2D, MCP-1 decreased following blueberry drink and Coca-Cola (p = 0.02), Coca-Cola + pizza and fructose + pizza (p = 0.03). In HS, IL-6 increased following blueberry + pizza and fructose + pizza (p = 0.03), there was a decrease in MCP-1 following blueberry drink and Coca-Cola (p = 0.03), and in ICAM-1 following blueberry + pizza (p = 0.03). These results may indicate a role for MCP-1 as a link between postprandial state and diabetes complications, however further mechanistic studies on larger population of patients with T2D are needed for confirmation of these results.

The article presents the technology of semi-finished products from yeast dough for pizza with high content of dietary fiber. The expediency of using biologically active raw materials in the developed technology is substantiated. It is established that the use of apple pomace powder in the composition of semi-finished products for pizza more than 15% by weight of flour is impractical, as it significantly reduces the sensory quality of products. The use of apple pomace powder allows to increase the content of dietary fiber in the composition of semi-finished products from yeast dough for pizza by 9.7% compared to the control, which allows to meet the daily requirement for them at 22.9%. The chemical composition of pizza semi-finished products using apple pomace powder in some respects improved compared to control: the content of B vitamins increased by 58.33%, the amount of vitamin PP increased by 63.64%, the amount of manganese increased by 26.32%. The chemical composition of pizza with tomatoes and cheese using apple pomace powder in some respects improved compared to control: the content of B1 vitamins increased by 160%, the amount of vitamin PP increased by 60%, the amount of manganese increased by 4.53%. Satisfaction of daily requirement in dietary fiber at consumption of 100 g of the developed pizza increases from 4.0 to 23,7%, in potassium – from 3,71 to 9,63%, vitamin B1 – from 2,94 to 7,65%, vitamin B2 – from 4.0 to 8.0% compared to control. A comprehensive indicator of the quality of semi-finished pizza products using apple pomace powder, which is 2.6 units, which is 22.9%, exceeds the control value (0.5 units). The social effect of the introduction of the developed semi-finished product from yeast dough for pizza with high dietary fiber content is to expand the range of meals for adults and children with high content of essential nutrients, improved consumer properties, which will help protect the health of the population. environment. Developed culinary products can be recommended for nutrition in the daily diets of people working in heavy industry, living in environmentally contaminated areas and all segments of the population.

La consommation de produits industriels transformés est pointée du doigt pour être pour partie reliée à la prévalence de maladies cardiovasculaires, d'obésité ou encore de cancer. Pour aider à la mise en place de recommandations auprès des consommateurs, mais également des industriels et des pouvoirs publics, il est nécessaire d'étudier l'impact des transformations alimentaire⁠s, réalisées dans différents contextes (industriel, artisanal, domestique), sur les qualités des produits et sur les perceptions des consommateurs.Pour cela, le pain de mie et la pizza ont été sélectionnés en tant que modèles. Des cartographies multicritères (nutritionnels et technologiques) ont été réalisées sur les produits industriels afin de rendre compte de la variabilité au sein de chaque catégorie de produit. Le Process-Score, développé pour caractériser le niveau de transformation des produits, s'est révélé être corrélé au Nutri-Score. 24 pains de mie industriels, artisanaux, et faits maison ont ensuite été sélectionnés pour être représentatifs de l'offre d'un point de vue composition nutritionnelle et transformation. Quel que soit le mode de transformation, ces pains présentaient des propriétés physiques et technologiques semblables. Toutefois, les produits présentaient des profils en molécules volatiles différents, en particulier pour les pains de mie industriels qui avaient moins de marqueurs de fermentation et plus de marqueurs d'oxydation.Ces données objectives ont été confrontées aux perceptions de plus de 60 participants. Les pains industriels ont été perçus comme moins bons nutritionnellement, bien qu'ayant les meilleurs Nutri-Scores.Les pizzas industrielles étaient supposées avoir davantage d'additifs alors qu'elles en contenaient le moins. La perception d'un produit sain semblait être anti-corrélée au Process-Score pour les deux produits, tandis que la perception du degré de transformation d'un pain de mie était anti-corrélée aux teneurs en lipides et sel, ce qui n'était pas le cas pour la pizza.L'impact d'informations nutritionnelle et technologique a été testé sur les perceptions des pains de mie, et a montré que les consommateurs modifiaient leurs perceptions, sans pour autant effacer complètement le poids de leurs croyances.Par ailleurs, il a été montré quelles priorités étaient déclarées par 1 000 participants lors d'un achat de produit alimentaire transformé (les attentes sur le goût et la naturalité des produits semblent plus prioritaires que la présence de labels), et comment ces priorités variaient selon le mode de transformation du produit, avec une moindre attention portée sur les produits achetés en restaurant.Ces résultats offrent donc des pistes de réflexion pour la reformulation de produits par les industriels, pour la communication des pouvoirs publics autour de ces thèmes et également pour éclairer les consommateurs dans leurs choix, ou encore apporter des données consolidées de calcul d'un Process-Score pour, par exemple, des études épidémiologiques sur l'incidence des produits transformés sur la santé
The consumption of processed industrial products is pointed out to be partly related to the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, obesity or cancer. In order to help the implementation of recommendations to consumers, but also to manufacturers and public authorities, it is necessary to study the impact of food processing, elaborated in different contexts (industrial, artisanal, domestic), on the qualities of the products and on the perceptions of the consumers.For this purpose, soft bread and pizza were selected as models. Multi-criteria mappings (nutritional and technological) were performed on industrial products in order to highlight intra-category variability. In particular, the Process-Score was found to be correlated with the Nutri-Score. From this, 24 industrial, artisanal, and homemade soft breads were selected to be representative from a nutritional and processing point of view. They presented similar physical and technological properties, and different profiles of volatile molecules in particular for industrial soft breads showing less fermentation markers and more oxidation markers.These objective data were compared to the perceptions of more than 60 participants. Industrial breads were perceived as less good nutritionally, although they had the best Nutri-Scores.Industrial pizzas were perceived to have more additives, although they contained the least.The perception of a healthy product seemed to be anti-correlated to the Process-Score for both products, while the perception of the degree of processing of a soft bread was anti-correlated to the fat and salt contents, which was not the case for the pizza.The impact of nutritional and technological information was tested on the perceptions of soft breads, and showed that consumers modified their perceptions, without completely erasing the weight of their beliefs.In addition, it was shown what priorities were declared by 1,000 participants when purchasing a food product (expectations on the taste and naturalness of products seemed to be more important than the presence of labels), and how these priorities varied according to the way the product was processed, with less attention paid to products purchased in restaurants.These results therefore provide avenues for product reformulation by manufacturers, for communication by public authorities on these themes and also to enlighten consumers in their choices, or to provide consolidated data for calculating a Process-Score for, for example, epidemiological studies on the impact of processed products on health

At Nestle© we believe in the power of food to enhance life for individuals, pets and families, for communities and for the planet. That's why we're committed to advancing regenerative food systems at scale. The challenge for R&D professionals today is to develop products that deliver great taste, good nutritional value and minimize environmental impact, while still being affordable. Ingredients contribute around 70% of Nestle'™s current in-scope greenhouse gas emissions, so improving our sourcing forms a critical part of our overall net zero strategy. Fats and oils play an important role as ingredients in a lot of our food products like mayonnaise, sauces, pizza and bouillon tablets. We therefore focus on sourcing lipids sustainably and responsibly to help achieve our broader company objectives. The journey to improving the environmental impact of ingredients starts with building a good understanding of what we use and where we get it from. We continue to work on generating detailed data on the environmental impact of our key ingredients. Traceability is key to addressing supply chain risks and to prioritizing positive interventions that reduce emissions and deliver benefits for people and the planet. This helps us achieve our objective(1) of 100% assessed deforestation free supply chains for primary ingredients, including deforestation free palm oil by the end of 2022. We would like to share our approach and progress to ensure that deforestation free fats and oils are used in more products globally. Furthermore, our R&D activities also help deliver transformations in our portfolio to launch more products with a lower environmental impact and that contribute to a healthier diet. Activities in this area range from ingredient changes, identification of new ingredients like side-streams or the roll-out of our plant-based portfolio, which offers a tasty, healthy, and more sustainable choice for consumers. Climate change is one of society's greatest challenges. As the number one Food company we have the capacity to lead. But we cannot do this alone, we need academia to drive relevant research, and we need our suppliers, partners, governments and consumers as well as our competitors to drive a system-level change for the better.