Zeitschriftenartikel: „Piping route“

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Li, Xiaodan, Zhongfu Li und Guangdong Wu. „Modular and Offsite Construction of Piping: Current Barriers and Route“. Applied Sciences 7, Nr. 6 (26.05.2017): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app7060547.

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2

Yamada, Yasuyoshi, und Yoshinobu Teraoka. „One Method of Optimum Design for Piping Route in CAD System.“ Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 61, Nr. 591 (1995): 4542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.61.4542.

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3

OBARA, Shin'ya, und Kazuhiko KUDO. „Route Planning of Heat Supply Piping of Fuel Cell Energy Network“. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 71, Nr. 704 (2005): 1169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.71.1169.

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4

Wardhani, Veronica Indriati Sri, Henky Poedjo Rahardjo und Rasito Tursinah. „ROUTING DESIGN ON THE PRIMARY COOLING PIPING SYSTEM IN PLATE-TYPE CONVERTED TRIGA 2000 REACTOR BANDUNG“. JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA 21, Nr. 3 (05.11.2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2019.21.3.5603.

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In 2015, research activities to modify TRIGA 2000 Reactor Bandung fuel element from cylindrical to plate-type have been initiated. By using plate-type fuel elements, core cooling process will be altered due to different generated heat distribution. The direction of cooling flow is changed from bottom-to-top natural convection to top-to-bottom forced convection. This change of flow direction requires adjustment on the cooling piping system, in order to produce simple, economical, and safe piping route. This paper will discuss the design of suitable piping routing based on pipe stress and N-16 radioactivity. The design process was carried out in several stages which include thermal-hydraulic data of reactor core to determine the process variables, followed by modeling various pipeline routes. Based on available space and ease of manufacture, four possible alternative routings were determined. Four routings were produced and analyzed to minimize the amount of N-16 radioactivity on the surface of the reactor tank, prolonging the cooling fluid travel time to reach at least five times of N-16 half-life. Subsequent pipe stress analysis using CAESAR II software was conducted to ensure that the piping system will be able to withstand various loads such as working fluid load, pipe weight, along with working temperature and pressure. The results showed that the occurred stresses were still below the safety limit as required in ASME B31.1 Code, indicated that the designed and selected pipeline routing of primary cooling system in the Plate-type Converted TRIGA 2000 Reactor Bandung has met the safety standards.Keywords: TRIGA reactor, Cooling system modification, Pipeline routing design, Pipe stress analysis, N-16 radioactivity

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OBARA, Shin'ya, und Kazuhiko KUDO. „Route Planning of Heat Supply Piping in a Fuel Cell Energy Network“. Journal of Environment and Engineering 1, Nr. 1 (2006): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jee.1.17.

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6

Ogawa, N., T. Mikoshiba und C. Minowa. „Hydraulic Effects on a Large Piping System During Strong Earthquakes“. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 116, Nr. 2 (01.05.1994): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929570.

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Liquid in a large piping system could become a resonance column under axial excitations. A 1000-m long closed-boundaries pipeline with pressure wave propagation velocity of 1000 m/s would have the fundamental liquid resonance frequency of 0.5 Hz. Then, some hydraulic transients might occur during strong earthquakes. If dynamic pressure amplitude exceeds the value of system stationary pressure, then vaporizing at negative pressure, and after that, cavity or liquid column separation and reconnection can be produced. One of the effects of these behaviors would be equivalent damping of dynamic response, and the other an impact force on pipe structural system. The latter effect is considered as one of potential damage factors of a large liquid piping system. In this paper, an analytical method of earthquake-induced hydraulic transients of piping system is applied to a real underground large piping system subjected to a strong earthquake motion which has occurred in Japan. The results of the analysis have shown that the occurrence of earthquake-induced negative pressure in liquid column is possible. Further, the analysis has explained the difference between two long straight pipelines buried in the same route, one failed by axial cracking and the other had no damages.

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Yamada, Y., und Y. Teraoka. „An optimal design of piping route in a CAD system for power plant“. Computers & Mathematics with Applications 35, Nr. 6 (März 1998): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0898-1221(98)00025-x.

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Reckinger, Shanon, Joseph Bocchino, Andrew Jackowitz und John Perry. „Rainwater Harvesting for Campus Student Center: A Sustainable, Community-Orientated Senior Design Project“. International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 9, Nr. 1 (30.04.2014): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v9i1.5288.

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A team of three mechanical engineering senior undergraduate students and one faculty member designed and installed a rainwater harvesting system in the University’s student center. After an extensive analysis of the piping system, the team was able to use existing rain leaders and piping to move all the rainwater from the third floor patio to a mechanical room located on the first level of the building. In the mechanical room, the piping system was redesigned to route the collected water into a large storage tank. From the tank, the rainwater was pumped into the irrigation line and used to water a large portion of the campus lawns and greenery. In addition, the system incorporated an overflow feature, a drainage line, a new pump, a flow meter to track water usage (which was previously never tracked at the University), a design where regular flushing of the system is automatic, and a maintenance plan. The harvested rainwater could also potentially be used to fill up the University watering trucks to water the flowers, shrubs, and greenery that covers the 200-acre campus. Students found that this community-based project opened their eyes to sustainability, the environment, and was rewarding work.

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HASHIMOTO, Shin-ichiro, Yukio EMOTO, Takeshi WATANABE und Chikanori HASHIMOTO. „INFLUENCE OF PIPING ROUTE AND MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS ON THE SIMPLE EVALUATION OF CONCRETE PUMPABILITY“. Cement Science and Concrete Technology 68, Nr. 1 (2014): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14250/cement.68.268.

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Ito, Teruaki, und Shuichi Fukuda. „Hybrid Approach to Piping Route Path Design Using GA-Based Inspiration and Rule-Based Inference“. Concurrent Engineering 6, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1998): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x9800600405.

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OBARA, Shin'ya. „OS4-04 Optimization of the hot-water-piping route of a fuel cell energy network“. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2005.10 (2005): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2005.10.45.

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12

OBARA, S. „The hot-water piping route of a fuel cell energy network with a concentration installing method“. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 31, Nr. 13 (Oktober 2006): 1807–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.11.023.

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13

Kang, Sang-Seob, Sehyun Myung und Soon-Hung Han. „A Design Expert System for Auto-Routing of Ship Pipes“. Journal of Ship Production 15, Nr. 01 (01.02.1999): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1999.15.1.1.

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Finding the optimum route of ship pipes is a complicated and time-consuming process. Experience of designers is the main tool in this process. To reduce design man-hours and human errors an expert system shell and a geometric modeling kernel are integrated to automate the design process. Existing algorithms for routing problems have been analyzed -most of them are to solve 2-D circuit routing problems. Design of the ship piping system, especially within the engine room, is a complicated, large-scale 3-D routing problem. Methods of expert systems have been implemented to find the routes of ship pipes on the main deck of a bulk carrier. A framework of the intelligent CAD system for pipe auto-routing is suggested. The CADDS 5 of Computer vision is used as the overall CAD environment, the Nexpert Object of Neuron Data is used as the expert system shell, and the CADDS 5 ISSM is used to build user interface through which geometric models" of pipes are created and modified.

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HASHIMOTO, Shin-ichiro, Kyosuke HIRAKAWA, Kosuke MINAMI und Yoshimitsu NAKAZIMA. „STUDY OF PIPING ROUTE CONDITIONS AND EVALUATION OF CONCRETE PUMPABILITY ON THE SIMPLE MEASUREMENT OF CONCRETE PUMPABILITY“. Cement Science and Concrete Technology 69, Nr. 1 (2015): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14250/cement.69.272.

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Niu, Wentie, Haiteng Sui, Yaxiao Niu, Kunhai Cai und Weiguo Gao. „Ship Pipe Routing Design Using NSGA-II and Coevolutionary Algorithm“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7912863.

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Pipe route design plays a prominent role in ship design. Due to the complex configuration in layout space with numerous pipelines, diverse design constraints, and obstacles, it is a complicated and time-consuming process to obtain the optimal route of ship pipes. In this article, an optimized design method for branch pipe routing is proposed to improve design efficiency and to reduce human errors. By simplifying equipment and ship hull models and dividing workspace into three-dimensional grid cells, the mathematic model of layout space is constructed. Based on the proposed concept of pipe grading method, the optimization model of pipe routing is established. Then an optimization procedure is presented to deal with pipe route planning problem by combining maze algorithm (MA), nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), and cooperative coevolutionary nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (CCNSGA-II). To improve the performance in genetic algorithm procedure, a fixed-length encoding method is presented based on improved maze algorithm and adaptive region strategy. Fuzzy set theory is employed to extract the best compromise pipeline from Pareto optimal solutions. Simulation test of branch pipe and design optimization of a fuel piping system were carried out to illustrate the design optimization procedure in detail and to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

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Madejski, Gregory R., S. Danial Ahmad, Jonathan Musgrave, Jonathan Flax, Joseph G. Madejski, David A. Rowley, Lisa A. DeLouise, Andrew J. Berger, Wayne H. Knox und James L. McGrath. „Silicon Nanomembrane Filtration and Imaging for the Evaluation of Microplastic Entrainment along a Municipal Water Delivery Route“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 24 (20.12.2020): 10655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410655.

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To better understand the origin of microplastics in municipal drinking water, we evaluated 50 mL water samples from different stages of the City of Rochester’s drinking water production and transport route, from Hemlock Lake to the University of Rochester. We directly filtered samples using silicon nitride nanomembrane filters with precisely patterned slit-shaped pores, capturing many of the smallest particulates (<20 µm) that could be absorbed by the human body. We employed machine learning algorithms to quantify the shapes and quantity of debris at different stages of the water transport process, while automatically segregating out fibrous structures from particulate. Particulate concentrations ranged from 13 to 720 particles/mL at different stages of the water transport process and fibrous pollution ranged from 0.4 to 8.3 fibers/mL. A subset of the debris (0.2–8.6%) stained positively with Nile red dye which identifies them as hydrophobic polymers. Further spectroscopic analysis also indicated the presence of many non-plastic particulates, including rust, silicates, and calcium scale. While water leaving the Hemlock Lake facility is mostly devoid of debris, transport through many miles of piping results in the entrainment of a significant amount of debris, including plastics, although in-route reservoirs and end-stage filtration serve to reduce these concentrations.

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Dong, Zongran, und Yan Lin. „Ship Pipe Routing Method Based on Genetic Algorithm and Cooperative Coevolution“. Journal of Ship Production and Design 33, Nr. 02 (01.05.2017): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.2017.33.2.122.

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Pipe routing is one of the most time-consuming and complicated jobs in shipbuilding design. This article presents the automatic ship pipe routing method. To improve the efficiency of single pipe routing, the fixed-length encoding genetic algorithm (GA) is first used by connecting adjacent intermediate points with generated pipe segments according to the specific routing patterns. The crossover and mutation operations are designed on the basis of this encoding as well. In case of the routing for multi pipes or pipe with branches, cooperative coevolutionary GA is adopted to route pipes harmoniously and to reduce the risk of combinatorial explosion caused by the number of pipes. During algorithm implementation and the building of cell decomposition model, the practical constraints in ship piping have been taken into account. In the end, the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed approach are illustrated by solving problems in designed test case and real ship applications.

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Kurosawa, Takuto, Eri Ishizuka, Yasuhiro Oikawa, Minoru Konno, Masatoshi Asakawa und Yuya Suzuki. „Visualization of magnetic field corresponding to acoustic signal and estimation of magnetic source based on symmetry of magnetic field distribution“. INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, Nr. 6 (01.08.2021): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1580.

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A magnetic field corresponding to an acoustic signal is generated from an antenna, and by using a coil, can be again converted to an acoustic signal. It is possible to estimate where the invisible antenna is with the distribution of the received signal. The estimation is applied to a maintenance of a gas pipe on the situation that the distance from the entrance to a maintenance area is known, but piping route isn't. It is possible to identify maintenance areas of a gas pipe by inserting the antenna to it. The estimation has been done by listening to the received signal manually. However, it is difficult for people to identify accurate point because the difference in the volume for each places is subtle. To solve this problem, we visualized the distribution of the received signal, and estimated the magnetic field with only the acoustic signal. Then, we proposed a method to calculate where the invisible antenna is automatically by using symmetry of the distribution of the received signal.

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Acosta-Silva, C., A. Delgado Peris, J. Flix, J. Frey, J. M. Hernández, A. Pérez-Calero Yzquierdo und T. Tannenbaum. „Exploitation of network-segregated CPU resources in CMS“. EPJ Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125102020.

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CMS is tackling the exploitation of CPU resources at HPC centers where compute nodes do not have network connectivity to the Internet. Pilot agents and payload jobs need to interact with external services from the compute nodes: access to the application software (CernVM-FS) and conditions data (Frontier), management of input and output data files (data management services), and job management (HTCondor). Finding an alternative route to these services is challenging. Seamless integration in the CMS production system without causing any operational overhead is a key goal. The case of the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), in Spain, is particularly challenging, due to its especially restrictive network setup. We describe in this paper the solutions developed within CMS to overcome these restrictions, and integrate this resource in production. Singularity containers with application software releases are built and pre-placed in the HPC facility shared file system, together with conditions data files. HTCondor has been extended to relay communications between running pilot jobs and HTCondor daemons through the HPC shared file system. This operation mode also allows piping input and output data files through the HPC file system. Results, issues encountered during the integration process, and remaining concerns are discussed.

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Yamazaki, H., K. Ishii, Y. Takahashi, Ts Amartaivan, S. Matsuyama, T. Satoh, S. Sugihara, K. Sera und G. C. JON. „PIXE ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES“. International Journal of PIXE 12, Nr. 03n04 (Januar 2002): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083502000329.

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In this study, we carried out PIXE analysis of raw and treated water at five water treatment plants as well as of tap water from several houses located in each supply route. We used a simple fast procedure for preparing thin uniform targets of inorganic components in both soluble and insoluble fractions of aqueous samples in combination with preconcentration of trace heavy metals; that is, Nuclepore filtration targets for coarse particles, preconcentration targets for heavy metal ions and deposit targets for fine particles and soluble major constituents. The target preparation and the PIXE measurement are not time-consuming, and a broad range of concentrations (several tenths of ppb to a few tens of ppm) of 19 elements from Na to Pb is determined simultaneously with a precision sufficient to reveal the elemental distribution in the soluble and insoluble fractions. Tap water quality was examined as a function of elemental distribution in untreated water at the plants. We confirmed the increase of insoluble components of some heavy metals in untreated water taken from river due to heavy rainfall and the elution of Cu , Zn and Pb in drinking water by corrosion of the piping in some part of the water distribution systems.

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Rourke, Patrick, und Lyn Merritt. „Real-Time Semiautomatic 3D Pipe Routing“. Journal of Ship Production 23, Nr. 03 (01.08.2007): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2007.23.3.180.

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The routing of pipe, ducts, and other services in 3D through congested areas is difficult, even with the best available 3D CAD systems. This paper describes a new approach in which a real-time automatic 2D router is combined with a simple user interface to create a 3D sketching environment in which a designer can rapidly create optimal 3D routes for piping, ductwork, and cableways.

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GIUDICI, Maria-Luisa, Piers C. EMSON und Robin F. IRVINE. „A novel neuronal-specific splice variant of Type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase isoform gamma“. Biochemical Journal 379, Nr. 2 (15.04.2004): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031394.

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Type I PIPkins (phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases) are the enzymes that catalyse the major cellular route of synthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P2, and three isoforms (α, β and γ) with several splice variants have been found to date. In the present paper, we describe the discovery of a novel splice variant of the γ isoform, which we call PIPkin Iγc, and which is characterized by the inclusion of a 26-amino-acid insert near the C-terminus. Its transcript appears to be selectively expressed in brain, where it locates in the neurons of restricted regions, such as cerebellum, hippocampus, cortex and olfactory bulb, as indicated by in situ hybridization studies. Overexpression of two different catalytically inactive constructs of PIPkin Iγc in rat cerebellar granule cells causes a progressive loss of their neuronal processes, whereas equivalent kinase-dead versions of PIPkin Iγa did not induce any such effect, suggesting the possible existence of a specific PtdIns(4,5)P2 pool synthesized by PIPkin Iγc, which is involved in the maintenance of some neuronal cellular processes.

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Clarke, Jonathan H., Jonathan P. Richardson, Katherine A. Hinchliffe und Robin F. Irvine. „Type II PtdInsP kinases: location, regulation and function“. Biochemical Society Symposia 74 (12.01.2007): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bss2007c14.

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The regulation of the synthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P2 is emerging as being as complex as we might expect from the multi-functional nature of this lipid. In the present chapter we focus on one aspect of inositide metabolism, which is the functions of the Type II PIPkins (Type II PtdInsP kinases). These are primarily PtdIns5P 4-kinases, although in vitro they will also phosphorylate PtdIns3P to PtdIns(3,4)P2. Thus they have three, not necessarily exclusive, functions: to make PtdIns(4,5)P2 by a quantitatively minor route, to remove PtdIns5P and to make PtdIns(3,4)P2 by a route that does not involve a Class I PtdIns 3-kinase. None of these three possible functions has yet been unambiguously proven or ruled out. Of the three isoforms, α and β are widely expressed, the IIα being predominantly cytosolic and the IIβ primarily nuclear. PIPkin IIγ has a much more restricted tissue expression pattern, and appears to be localized primarily to intracellular vesicles. Here we introduce in turn each of the three Type II PIPkins, and discuss what we know about their localization, their regulation and their function.

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Li, Ming, Feng Hui Wang, Ping Wei Chen und Kang Lou. „Probabilistic Integrity Assessment of Pressure Piping Containing Defects“. Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (Oktober 2010): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.390.

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In the present paper, integrity assessment is made to the defects in weld metal zone of pressure piping of X52 steel using the two basic routes, FAD and CDF, which are provided in the European flaw assessment procedure SINTAP. Based on the experimental data various analysis levels of SINTAP are discussed, including the uncommonly used J-integral level in particular. Furthermore, to meet the need of the reliability assessment of pressure piping containing defects in engineering applications, probabilistic procedures are employed to obtain several probability curves with given survivability on the J-integral level with respect to the great scatter of the tested fracture toughness which is required in the J-integral level analysis.

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Kuo, C. C., J. K. Wu und H. J. Shaw. „Collision Avoidance Schemes for Orthogonal Pipe Routing“. Journal of Ship Production 15, Nr. 04 (01.11.1999): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1999.15.4.198.

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This paper describes collision detecting and avoidance schemes to automatically lay out piping routes. The overlapping between the boundary boxes of equipment and pipelines is the basis for determining two types of collision: vertex-interference and edge-interference. Three collision-avoidance routing schemes have been developed using the modified adjacency and distance matrices and the line-surface intersection method. This collision avoidance scheme is for orthogonal pipe routing and forms the basis for extension to other routing principles.

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Stewart, W. E., und J. L. Verhulst. „Experimental Free Convection From Piping in District Heating Utilidors“. Journal of Energy Resources Technology 108, Nr. 2 (01.06.1986): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231258.

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Experiments were performed to study the two-dimensional natural convection heat transfer from two heated isothermal horizontal cylinders to an isothermal-cooled rectangular enclosure. The experiments were designed to simulate the heat transfer encountered in underground heat distribution systems where steam and condensate lines are routed through underground or in-ground corridors (utilidors) from a central plant. The steam supply and condensate return lines were simulated with two copper cylinders. The fluid between the cylinders and enclosure was distilled water to simulate the Rayleigh number range encountered with air in actual utilidors. Results were obtained for the overall heat transfer coefficient between the two cylinders and the enclosure. The data was correlated over a Rayleigh number, RaL, range of 2.1 × 108 to 4.8 × 109 representative of the Rayleigh number, based upon a hypothetical gap width, in a typical utilidor exposed to extreme enclosure to piping temperature differential boundary conditions. The corresponding Nusselt numbers, NuL, ranged from 21 to 59 when both cylinders were heated for water as the intermediate fluid. Corresponding heat transfer coefficients calculated for the utilidor case with air as the intermediate fluid were found to be smaller compared to some other correlations for concentric cylinders.

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Aviles, Gabriela, Marta S. Sabattini und Carl J. Mitchell. „Peroral susceptibility of Aedes albifasciatus and Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Argentina to western equine encephalitis virus“. Revista de Saúde Pública 24, Nr. 4 (August 1990): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101990000400003.

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The transmission cycle of western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus in South America is unknown. A WEE virus strain was isolated from Aedes albifasciatus in Argentina during the WEE epizootic of 1982-83. Also, Culex pipiens from Argentina was reported to be able to transmit WEE virus experimentally, but other results indicate that Cx. pipiens from the USA is refractory to this virus. We determined the susceptibility of Argentina strains of Ae. albifasciatus and Culex pipiens complex mosquites to infection by WEE virus by the oral route. Adult females were fed on chicks infected with a WEE virus strain isolated in Cordoba Province, Argentina, or were fed on a blood/virus suspension. Each mosquito ingested between 10(1.6) to 10(6.4) vero cell plaque-forming units of virus. Each of 28 Ae. albifasciatus was positive for virus from the fourth day postfeeding, and there was evidence for virus replication. In contrast, 0/44 Cx. p. quinquefasciatus and only 1/15 Cx. p. pipiens was positive. Aedes albifasciatus is susceptible to infection by WEE virus and should be considered a potential vector of this virus in Argentina. Both subspecies of Cx. pipiens are refractory to peroral infection by WEE virus and probably do not play a role in the WEE virus cycle in Argentina.

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Hawkins, Shawna J., Sherry K. Cox und Kurt K. Sladky. „Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in Northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) at two different doses and administration routes“. American Journal of Veterinary Research 82, Nr. 7 (Juli 2021): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.82.7.560.

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Desroches, Jean-François, Frederick W. Schueler, Isabelle Picard und Louis-Philippe Gagnon. „A Herpetological Survey of the James Bay Area of Québec and Ontario“. Canadian Field-Naturalist 124, Nr. 4 (01.10.2010): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v124i4.1101.

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In May-June 2002, as part of a survey of a variety of taxa in the James Bay region of Ontario and Québec, we surveyed the poorly documented herpetofauna of this region. In Ontario we visited sites near Moosonee that FWS had previously surveyed in 1971-1972, and continued ongoing herpetological monitoring around Cochrane. In Québec we surveyed the inland James Bay Road, and roads to four settlements along the coast. American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus), Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer), and Wood Frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) were widespread and abundant throughout. Blue-spotted Salamander (Ambystoma laterale) and Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) were widespread and common in Québec and at the study site near Cochrane. We obtained the first taped calls and voucher specimen of the Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris maculata) from Québec, and failed to find it at the settlement and airport of Moosonee where it had been present in 1972. A significant range extension was for the Two-lined Salamander (Eurycea bislineata), which we found 200 km north of its previously known range in northwestern Québec. Despite extensive searches, the species was not found north of 52°05'N. The Mink Frog (Lithobates septentrionalis) was widespread and relatively common in Québec, but was sought but not found in Ontario. The Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens) was only found at two Québec sites, including one where it was reported in 1974, but it has not been found at any of the Ontario sites where it was found in the 1970's. We present some suggestions for the further study of the herpetofauna of the area, and review evidence for contacts between eastern and western lineages of widespread species.En mai et juin 2002, dans le cadre d'un inventaire faunique dans la région de la baie James, en Ontario et au Québec, nous avons inventorié la faune herpétologique, laquelle est très peu documentée dans cette région. En Ontario nous avons visité des sites près de Moosonee, que l'un de nous (FWS) avait inventorié en 1971-1972, puis nous sommes allés aux environs de Cochrane. Au Québec l'inventaire s'est majoritairement fait le long de la route de la baie James et des routes d'accès aux villages. Le Crapaud d'Amérique (Anaxyrus americanus), la Rainette crucifère (Pseudacris crucifer) et la Grenouille des bois (Lithobates sylvaticus) sont répandus et communs sur toute l'aire d'étude. La Salamandre à points bleus (Ambystoma laterale) et la Couleuvre rayée (Thamnophis sirtalis) sont répandues et communes au Québec et près de Cochrane. Nous avons réalisé les premiers enregistrements de chants et collecté le premier spécimen de Rainette faux-grillon boréale (Pseudacris maculata) pour le Québec, et n'avons pu la retrouver à Moosonee et à son aéroport, où l'espèce avait été recensée en 1972. La seule extension d'aire significative a été faite pour la Salamandre à deux lignes (Eurycea bislineata), trouvée à 200 km au nord de son aire de répartition connue dans le nord-ouest du Québec. Malgré des recherches intensives, elle n'a pas été vue plus au nord que 52°05'N. La Grenouille du Nord (Lithobates septentrionalis), est répandue et relativement commune au Québec mais n'a pu être trouvée en Ontario. La Grenouille léopard (Lithobates pipiens) a seulement été recensée à deux endroits au Québec, incluant un site où l'espèce avait été trouvée en 1974, mais n'a pu être trouvée en Ontario dans les sites où on la retrouvait dans les années '70. Nous présentons quelques suggestions de futures études sur l'herpétofaune de cette région, et discutons des liens entre les formes de l'ouest et celles de l'est pour les espèces répandues.

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Mazerolle, M. J., und A. Desrochers. „Landscape resistance to frog movements“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, Nr. 3 (01.03.2005): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-032.

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An animal's capacity to recolonize a patch depends on at least two components: its ability to detect the patch and its ability to reach it. However, the disruption of such processes by anthropic disturbances could explain low animal abundance patterns observed by many investigators in certain landscapes. Through field experiments, we compared the orientation and homing success of northern green frogs (Rana clamitans melanota Rafinesque, 1820) and northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens Schreber, 1782) translocated across disturbed or undisturbed surfaces. We also monitored the path selected by individuals when presented with a choice between a short distance over a disturbed surface and a longer, undisturbed route. Finally, we measured the water loss and behaviour of frogs on substrates resulting from anthropogenic disturbances and a control. When presented with a choice, 72% of the frogs avoided disturbed surfaces. Although able to orient towards the pond of capture when translocated on disturbed surfaces, frogs had a lower probability of homing successfully to the pond than when translocated at a similar distance on an undisturbed surface. Frogs lost the most water on substrates associated with disturbance and in the absence of cover. Our data illustrate that anthropically disturbed areas devoid of cover, such as mined peatlands and agricultural fields, disrupt the ability of frogs to reach habitat patches and are likely explanations to their reduced abundance patterns in such environments.

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Stoddard, J. S., E. Jakobsson und S. I. Helman. „Basolateral membrane chloride transport in isolated epithelia of frog skin“. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 249, Nr. 3 (01.09.1985): C318—C329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1985.249.3.c318.

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Isotopic methodology was used to characterize Cl- transport in isolated epithelia of frog skin (northern Rana pipiens) bathed in Cl--rich Ringer solution and short-circuited. Cl- content of epithelia measured when loaded to 36Cl specific activity equilibrium averaged 139.6 neq/mg dry wt. The kinetics of 36Cl efflux was biexponential and consistent with binding or compartmentalization of approximately 30% of tissue Cl- within the intracellular pool. Because efflux of 36Cl to the apical solution was immeasurable, it was concluded that apical membranes were virtually impermeable to Cl- and that basolateral membranes were highly permeable to Cl- with a mean unidirectional Cl- efflux of 21.7 microA/cm2. Both furosemide (1 mM) and 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (5 X 10(-4) M) inhibited markedly the basolateral membrane chloride fluxes within seconds, as measured in chamber experiments. As inhibition of Cl- flux occurred in the absence of a change of the electrical parameters of apical and basolateral membranes, the mechanisms of Cl- transport appeared to be electroneutral and, for the most part at least, not coupled to the fluxes of Na+ and K+. Transepithelial Cl- fluxes averaged near 1 microA/cm2, proceeding via transport routes in parallel to the cells of the stratified epithelium. No correlation existed between the "shunt" resistance measured in the presence of 100 microM amiloride (greater than 1,000 omega X cm2) and the partial conductance to Cl-.

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Wang, Wei, Xianping Zou und Ligang Yao. „A Simplified Strength Checking Approach for a Header–Nozzle Intersection Under Combined Piping Loads“. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 135, Nr. 1 (05.12.2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4007643.

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To investigate the strength checking methods for a semi-cylindrical header–nozzle intersection under combined piping loads, the simplified strength checking formulae for two piping load combinations, which are typical in engineering practice, are suggested based on the combined limit piping load interactions of the header. Furthermore, three methods for determining the allowable piping load parameters of the proposed formulae, namely the plastic work curvature (PWC) method of inelastic analysis route for design by analysis (DBA), the twice elastic slope (TES) method of inelastic analysis route for DBA, and the elastic finite element analysis (FEA) method of elastic analysis route for DBA, are presented and compared. Based on the theoretical analyses and the parametric comparison study results of the three methods, it can be concluded that the PWC method, which can take the hardening material effect on the plastic load results into account well and use the engineers' experience independent plastic work as the global indicator of gross collapse, is the most reliable one among the three methods, while the elastic FEA method is of great value for engineers to estimate the allowable piping loads quickly and conveniently.

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Loring, Pamela H., James D. McLaren, Holly F. Goyert und Peter W. C. Paton. „Supportive wind conditions influence offshore movements of Atlantic Coast Piping Plovers during fall migration“. Condor 122, Nr. 3 (22.06.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa028.

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Abstract In advance of large-scale development of offshore wind energy facilities throughout the U.S. Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), information on the migratory ecology and routes of federally threatened Atlantic Coast Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus melodus) is needed to conduct risk assessments pursuant to the Endangered Species Act. We tagged adult Piping Plovers (n = 150) with digitally coded VHF transmitters at 2 breeding areas within the southern New England region of the U.S. Atlantic coast from 2015 to 2017. We tracked their migratory departure flights using a regional automated telemetry network (n = 30 stations) extending across a portion of the U.S. Atlantic Bight region, a section of the U.S. Atlantic coast, and adjacent waters of the Atlantic Ocean extending from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Most adults departed within a 10-day window from July 19 to July 29, migrated nocturnally, and over 75% of individuals departed within 3 hr of local sunset on evenings with supportive winds. Piping Plovers migrated offshore directly across the mid-Atlantic Bight, from breeding areas in southern New England to stopover sites spanning from New York to North Carolina, USA, over 800 km away. During offshore migratory flights, Piping Plovers flew at estimated mean speeds of 42 km hr−1 and altitudes of 288 m (range of model uncertainty: 36–1,031 m). This study provides new information on the timing, weather conditions, routes, and altitudes of Piping Plovers during fall migration. This information can be used in estimations of collision risk that could potentially result from the construction of offshore wind turbines under consideration across large areas of the U.S. Atlantic OCS.

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„Dam Failure Model to Predict Inundation Hazard Map for Emergency Plan“. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, Nr. 1 (30.10.2019): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a1132.109119.

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The construction of dams can offer many advantages, but their failure could result in major damages, including loss of life and property destruction. The research aims to model dam failure for Mapping Hazard area including inundation height and arrival time. A key scenario for dam failure is partial breach of embankment dam: overtopping and piping. The overtopping shape modeling was simulated in triangle and trapezoidal shapes. The piping failure modeling is simulated as orifice with rectangular shape. This study was conducted by using the integration of hydraulic modeling, which used a numerical method with Navier-Stoke solver and Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess the risks that could be cause by any damages on Dam failure. Flow simulation of the dam break was performed by using ZhongXing HY-21 software and the results were mapped by using the GIS. The result of the research is overtopping failure was selected for the model with peak discharge maximum (Qmax) is 2089 m3 /sec. The fastest arrival time is 0.4 hours (24 minutes). Several villages catagorized as a high-risk area. This inundation hazard map is very important for emergency plan which determines the evacuation routes and coordination scheme with local disaster agency.

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Rouse, J. P., W. Sun, T. H. Hyde, A. Morris und W. Montgomery. „A Method to Approximate the Steady-State Creep Response of Three-Dimensional Pipe Bend Finite Element Models Under Internal Pressure Loading Using Two-Dimensional Axisymmetric Models“. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 136, Nr. 1 (12.12.2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4025720.

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Pipe bends are regions of geometric discontinuities in the pipe systems used in power plants and most industry recorded failures have been located around similar regions. Understanding these potential locations of weakness is therefore of great interest for the safe and economic operation of piping components. Increased predictive accuracy would assist in component design, condition monitoring, and retirement strategy decisions. Modeling of piping components for finite element analysis (FEA) is complicated by the variation of the cross section dimensions (changes in wall thicknesses or cross section ovality) around the pipe bend due to the manufacturing procedure implemented. Quantities such as peak rupture stress and creep rupture life can be greatly affected by these geometric variation (Rouse, J. P., Leom, M. Z., Sun, W., Hyde, T. H., Morris, A., “Steady-state Creep Peak Rupture Stresses in 90 Pipe Bends with Manufacture Induced Cross Section Dimension Variations”International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Volumes 105–106, May–June 2013, pp. 1–11). Three dimensional (3D) models can be used to approximate to the realistic level of detail found in pipe bends. These simulations may however be computationally expensive and could take a considerable amount of time to complete. Two dimensional (2D) axisymmetric models are relatively straight forward to produce and quick to run, but of course cannot represent the full geometric complexity around the pipe bend. A method is proposed that utilises multiple 2D axisymmetric pipe bend models to approximate the result of a 3D analysis through interpolation, thus exploiting the greatly reduced computing time observed for the 2D models. The prediction of peak rupture stress (both magnitude and location) is assessed using a simple power law material model. Comments are made on the applicability of the proposed procedure to a range of bends angles (90 deg, 60 deg, and 30 deg), as well as the effect of the stress exponent (n) and tri-axial (α) material constants. Provided that peak stresses do not occur at the bend/straight interface, the magnitude and location of the peak rupture stress can be predicted by the 2D axisymmetric interpolation method with a typical percentage difference of less than 1%.

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Stokes, Jessica E., Karin E. Darpel, Simon Gubbins, Simon Carpenter, María del Mar Fernández de Marco, Luis M. Hernández-Triana, Anthony R. Fooks, Nicholas Johnson und Christopher Sanders. „Investigation of bovine ephemeral fever virus transmission by putative dipteran vectors under experimental conditions“. Parasites & Vectors 13, Nr. 1 (26.11.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04485-5.

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Abstract Background Bovine ephemeral fever virus (Rhabdoviridae: Ephemerovirus) (BEFV) causes bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), an economically important disease of cattle and water buffalo. Outbreaks of BEF in Africa, Australia, Asia and the Middle East are characterized by high rates of morbidity and highly efficient transmission between cattle hosts. Despite this, the vectors of BEFV remain poorly defined. Methods Colony lines of biting midges (Culicoides sonorensis) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus) were infected with a strain of BEFV originating from Israel by feeding on blood–virus suspensions and by intrathoracic inoculation. In addition, in vivo transmission of BEFV was also assessed by allowing C. sonorensis inoculated by the intrathoracic route to feed on male 6 month-old Holstein-Friesian calves. Results There was no evidence of BEFV replication within mosquitoes fed on blood/virus suspensions for mosquitoes of any species tested for each of the three colony lines. In 170 C. sonorensis fed on the blood/virus suspension, BEFV RNA was detected in the bodies of 13 individuals and in the heads of two individuals, indicative of fully disseminated infections and an oral susceptibility rate of 1.2%. BEFV RNA replication was further demonstrated in all C. sonorensis that were inoculated by the intrathoracic route with virus after 5, 6 or 7 days post-infection. Despite this, transmission of BEFV could not be demonstrated when infected C. sonorensis were allowed to feed on calves. Conclusions No evidence for infection or dissemination of BEFV (bovine/Israel/2005-6) in mosquitoes of three different species was found. Evidence was found for infection of C. sonorensis by the oral route. However, attempts to transmit BEFV to calves from infected C. sonorensis failed. These results highlight the challenge of defining the natural vector of BEFV and of establishing an in vivo transmission model. The results are discussed with reference to the translation of laboratory-based studies to inference of vector competence in the field. Graphic abstract

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