Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Pinnipedia South Africa“

The dental pathology of pinnipeds has been well studied with periodontal disease the most common dental pathology accounting for 19.4–91.8 per cent of all dental pathologies. An eight-month-old stranded South African fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) was rescued from the south coast of South Africa; during his rehabilitation process his handlers noticed the absence of his left maxillary canine tooth (204). Eleven years later, during a health examination, the veterinarian upon closed examination could visualise approximately 5 mm of a tooth crown in the area where tooth 204 should have been. A presumed diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst was made based on the radiological findings. Surgery was performed to surgically extract 204 and enucleate the cyst lining. The histological analysis of the enucleated cyst lining confirmed the first reported case of a dentigerous cyst in a marine mammal.

Abstract Lungworms are a common finding in seals and fur seals around the world. However, from existing records, the biogeographical distribution of filaroid helminths appears to be restricted, and these parasites are endemic in only certain areas and species, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. The occurrence of infection in pinniped species in the Southern Hemisphere is scarce. The objective of this work is to verify the prevalence of lungworms in Arctocephalus australis in waters off the southern coast of Brazil. Twenty subadult specimens of A. australis found recently dead on the southern coast of Brazil were necropsied and their lungs were examined. Parasitic cysts were found in only one specimen (prevalence of 5%). The helminths were morphologically identified as Parafilaroides normani (Metastrongyloidea: Filaroididae). This helminth species has been reported in pinnipeds from Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. This is the first record of P. normani in A. australis and for the western South Atlantic, providing additional data regarding the biogeographic distribution of the parasite.

[For the Abstract, please see the PDF files below, namely "front.pdf"] CONTENTS. Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Gross and microscopic visceral anatomy of the male Cape fur seal with reference to organ size and growth. Chapter 3 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part one, external body. Chapter 4 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part two, skull. Chapter 5 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part three, baculum. Chapter 6 Suture age as an indicator of physiological age in the male Cape fur seal. Chapter 7 Sexual dimorphism in the adult Cape fur seal: standard body length and skull morphology. Chapter 8 Reproduction in the male Cape fur seal: age at puberty and annual cycle of the testis. Chapter 9 Diet and foraging behaviour of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 10(a) The Impact of the fur seal industry on the distribution and abundance of Cape fur seals. Chapter 10(b) South African Airforce wildlife rescue: Cape fur seal pups washed from Black Rocks, Algoa Bay, during heavy seas, December 1976. Chapter 11(a) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part one, trawl fishing. Chapter 11(b) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part two, squid jigging and line fishing. Chapter 11(c) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part three, entanglement in man-made debris. Chapter 12 Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni & Zn) and organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, DDT, DDE & DDD) in the blubber of Cape fur seals. Chapter 13 Endoparasites of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 14(a) Preliminary investigations of shark predation on Cape fur seals. Chapter 14(b) Aggressive behaviour of an adult male Cape fur seal towards a great white shark Carcharodon carcharias. Chapter 15 Conclusions and future directions.

The sense of smell in marine mammals is traditionally thought to be poor. However, increasing evidence suggests that pinnipeds may use their sense of smell in a variety of behavioral contexts including communication, foraging, food selection, and reproduction. Using a food-rewarded two-choice instrumental conditioning paradigm, I assessed the ability of South African fur seals, Arctocephalus pusillus, to discriminate between 12 enantiomeric odor pairs, that is, between odorants that are identical in structure except for chirality. The fur seals significantly discriminated between eight out of the twelve odor pairs (according to p < 0.05, with carvone, dihydrocarvone, dihydrocarveol, limonene oxide, menthol, beta-citronellol, fenchone, and alpha-pinene), and failed with only four odor pairs (isopulegol, rose oxide, limonene, and camphor). No significant differences in performance were found between the animals (p > 0.05). Cross-species comparisons between the olfactory performance of the fur seals and that of other species previously tested on the same set of odor pairs lend further support to the notion that the relative size of the olfactory bulbs is not a reliable predictor of olfactory discrimination abilities. The results of the present study suggest that sense of smell may play an important and hitherto underestimated role in regulating the behavior of fur seals.