Dissertationen zum Thema „Pile à hydrogène“
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Chabane, Djafar. „Gestion énergétique d'un ensemble réservoir d'hydrogène à hydrure et une pile à combustible PEM“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCA010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the phenomena inherent in the coupling of a hydrogen storage system based on metal hydrides and a fuel cell. The aim is to develop an optimal flow management law (electrical, fluidic, thermal).A detailed study was carried out on the various means of hydrogen production and the different methods of its storage. A large place is given to the characterization of the hydrides within the reservoir. This work allowed the development of a new characterization method for hydride tanks. The latter was experimentally carried out with charge and discharge processes carried out on three reservoirs containing different hydrides. Given the manufacturer's confidentiality, several data were not accessible experimentally. Thus, a numerical model of the hydride tank was carried out in the multiphysics Comsol environment. In order to model the thermal coupling between the fuel cell and the hydride tank, an OD model in the Matlab Simulink environment of a fuel cell, hydride tank and heat exchanger system was realized. These developments resulted in the proposal and study of two topologies for the management of heat exchanges between the fuel cell and the type AB hydride tank: series topology and parallel topology. In the series topology, the same heat transfer fluid circulates in the reservoir and in the fuel cell, which means that the two components have the same operating temperatures. This can cause difficulties in the operation of the POC which generally requires higher operating temperatures than those of the tank. The parallel topology provides the solution to this problem by offering the possibility of two distinct operating temperatures for the PàC and the tank
Rodriguez, Julien. „Production d'hydrogène par photocatalyse et conversion électrochimique dans une pile à combustible“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978688.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChallet, Sylvain. „Stockage de l'hydrogène dans les hydrures métalliques pour l'alimentation en hydrogène de véhicules à pile à combustible“. Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002314920204611&vid=upec.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydrogen storage remains an issue for its use in mobile applications. Despite its weight, storage in metal hydrides presents advantages in term of safety and volumic capacity. In this work, several families of hydrides have been studied to answer to the working conditions of a main tank or a buffer tank for cold start. The thermodynamic properties of LaNi5 and TiFe type hydrides have been adjusted by suitable substitutions allowing to obtain potentially usable compounds for both kinds of tanks. In order to increase the weight capacity, the effect of M element on thermodynamics properties of lighter hydrides based on Ti-V-M solid solutions (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) has been studied showing the best hydrogenation properties for the Fe compound. Finally, the discovery of hydrogen reactivity of the Ti3Si compound opens new routes
Piffard, Maxime. „Conception d’observateurs pour la commande d’un système pile à combustible embarqué en vue d’optimiser performances et durabilité“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI121/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFuel cells are considered as a promising source of energy for the future, thanks to their non-polluting aspect. However, the deployment of these solutions on a large scale is still conditioned by the improvement of their performance and especially of their durability in order to guarantee a low cost industrialization. The transport application also imposes a variable power demand, which complicates the improvement of performance and durability. The approach adopted for this work consists of the design of a system management law that generates the optimal operating conditions to be applied to the stack (pressures, temperature, current, stoichiometries) as a function of the power demand, the state of health (active surface loss) and current humidity. Optimality is understood in the sense of increasing system efficiency and decreasing the degradation of the membrane and the platinum dissolution. This law is based on degradation and performance models of a fuel cell system. This management law requires in real time the data of the state of health of the fuel cell and the humidity rate. The assessment of the state of health is already the subject of many diagnostic work. On the other hand, the humidity rate must be estimated by a state observer because the humidity sensors are not reliable for a transport application. Therefore, a state observer was developed to estimate the relative humidities in the stack channels and also the membrane water content, the hydrogen at the anode as well as the nitrogen saturation at the anode. This last data makes it possible to propose a purge strategy for a dead-end architecture, based on nitrogen saturation, which limits the losses in hydrogen and reduces the damage associated with this architecture
Gerbaux, Luc. „Modélisation d'une pile à combustible de type hydrogène/air et validation expérimentale“. Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0163.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMosdale, Renaut. „Etude et développement d'une pile à combustible hydrogène/oxygène en technologie électrolyte polymère solide“. Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0116.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRabih, Samer. „Contribution à la modélisation de systèmes réversibles de types électrolyseur et pile à hydrogène en vue de leur couplage aux générateurs photovoltaïques“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7731/1/rabih.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVichard, Loic. „Contribution à l’étude du vieillissement des composants batterie et pile à combustible en usage réel“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThese thesis works are associated to the AsDeCoEUR project. This project is part of the current context of the development of new energy technologies for mobility and focuses more specifically on the study of battery and fuel cell components located in the heart of electric power train. The project is based on the work already carried out by the UTBM and IFSTTAR actors of the FCLAB research federation among the Mobypost project. Mobypost european project has allowed the experimentation of a fleet of 10 fuel cell electric vehicles under actual operating conditions on two postal platforms in the Franche-Comté region.During the Mobypost experiment, a deep monorting was performed on all the vehicles so numerous physical data of their power train were recorded. All of these information now constitutes a very rich database to exploit. Among the AsDeCoEUR project, we propose a scientific approach carried out around a thesis work wich aims at understanding dynamic behavior, studying aging and estimating the state of health of batteries and fuel cells in real use. This approach is based on the analysis of the data recorded on these components among the Mobypost project and is reinforced by specific experiments set up in the laboratory. The implementation of skills and digital analysis tools developed especially for batteries by the Ampère laboratory and IFSTTAR aims at understanding and reproducing the degradation phenomena. The works should finally allow, by combining the skills of UFC, UTBM, IFSTTAR and Ampère laboratory researchers, to contribute to the study of batteries and fuel cells aging and to estimate their state of health under actual operating conditions. This constitutes a remarkable advance in this field, particularly with a view to the industrialization of vehicles equipped with this type of component
Iosub, Vasile. „Développement et optimisation d'une unité de stockage de l'ydrogène sur hydrures métalliques utilisée dans les systèmes stationnaires de pile à combustible“. Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002109170204611&vid=upec.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work bas started with a thorough study of tbe bibliography on the metal hydrides application as hydrogen storage materials in solid gas process. This study has made possible to determine two familles of intermetallic compounds able to reach the needs of the specific application: the AB5-type compounds with MmNi5-xSnx compositions (Mm stands for mischmetal, a mixture of La, Ce, Nd and Pr as well as tbe AB2-type compounds with Zr-pTipMn2-r-sNirVs compositions. In a second time we have tried to optimise hydrogen absorption properties by modifying the alloy composition and structure. Moreover, a study of the kinetics and ageing during cycling was made. From the experimental results, new relations composition - structure - thermodvnamic properties bave been determined in order to adapt other types of hvdrogen storage materials to the specifications
Miachon, Sylvain. „Développement d'une pile à combustible hydrogène/oxygène à électrolyte polymère solide de 100 cm2 à hydratation interne“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Thi Chi. „Production d’hydrogène par un système de reformage de bioéthanol en vue de l’alimentation d’une pile à combustible PEM“. Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENMP1559.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions context, the use of hydrogen is a promising solution since it is a clean source of energy. Therefore, PEM fuel cells that convert hydrogen into electricity by an electrochemical way, appear to be a future alternative for automotive, portable or stationary applications. Because the storage and distribution of hydrogen actually still show difficulties, the on-board hydrogen production from bio-ethanol reforming – an environmentally friendly fuel – is an alternative solution. Therefore, a new kind of power plant has been designed in this work. It is mainly made up of a bio-ethanol steam reforming unit, a reformate purification system based on a hydrogen permeating membrane, a PEM fuel cell and a burner fed by the non-permeated gases. The benefit of using a membrane instead of a classical chemical purification way is that it considerably reduces the volume of the system. In this work, theoretical simulations of different architectures of power plants have shown the interest of using a membrane power plant instead of a chemical purification power plant in terms of global energetic yield and dimensions. Furthermore, an experimental setup made of reforming and membrane purification units has been designed and built, and experiments have been carried out to develop a kinetic model of the bio-ethanol steam reforming and a permeance model, in order to design these units. Based on these models, two membrane power plants are proposed: the first one is optimized for automotive application; the second one is optimized for stationary or small portable power use, with the best compromise between performance and dimensions
Kamara, Konakpo Parfait. „Stratégies d’utilisation du bio hydrogène pour la technologie PEMFC : utilisation directe“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the aim of decarbonizing its energy mix and lowering its CO2 emissions, France has decided to invest massively in the decarbonized production of hydrogen as an energy carrier for mobility and stationary applications [1]. Of the one million ton of hydrogen produced in France, 96% is produced by steam reforming of hydrocarbons. France's strategy is to develop the hydrogen sector by investing in the installation of electrolyzers. What's more, the latest discoveries of huge deposits of natural hydrogen (46 million tons of hydrogen in Lorraine) are creating enthusiasm and expanding the field of prospects. [2]. Another decarbonated hydrogen production sector that is less talked about is the biological sector, which offers great potential for diversifying production routes. Hydrogen from these sources raises the question of its quality for use in mobility or stationary fuel cell systems.The aim of this thesis is to define strategies for the use of bio-hydrogen or natural hydrogen using proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology, from hydrogen production to electrochemical conversion.The first part consisted in studying the impact of impurities or diluents (N2, Ar, He, CH4, CO2) contained in hydrogen from biological and native processes in a half-cell (gas diffusion electrode, GDE). This study was then extended to a single-cell proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Finally, a laboratory-scale biological reactor was used to produce hydrogen from organic sources by photo fermentation (PF), which was then tested in a GDE. Several electrochemical and physicochemical characterization techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, chrono amperometry, CO stripping for electroactive surface measurement, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, ion chromatography, etc., were used to assess the performance of the PEMFC fed by bio-hydrogen, and its impact on fuel cell components.The results of the electrode activity for the hydrogen oxidation reaction in GDE revealed mass-transport limitation effects for the mixtures, with a particular behavior observed for the nitrogen mixture, and the methane and carbon dioxide mixtures, which in addition to dilution have a carbon monoxide poisoning effect on the electrode.Next, single-cell tests using H2/Ar, H2/N2 and H2/CO2 mixtures at 30 and 40% H2 by volume for stationary applications revealed greater performance losses for the carbon dioxide mixture, while the argon and nitrogen mixtures performed almost equally well. These performance losses are due to electroactive surface losses.Finally, the production of biohydrogen by PF showed that the choice of biomass, pre-treatment and bacterial strain influenced the quality of the biogas produced and the electrochemical performances obtained from it without purification steps.References[1] « Présentation de la stratégie nationale pour le développement de l’hydrogène décarboné en France ». Consulté le: 11 janvier 2024. [En ligne]. Disponible sur: https://www.economie.gouv.fr/presentation-strategie-nationale-developpement-hydrogene-decarbone-france[2] « Le plus gros gisement d’hydrogène naturel du monde vient d’être découvert en France », SudOuest.fr. Consulté le: 11 janvier 2024. [En ligne]. Disponible sur: https://www.sudouest.fr/economie/energie/le-plus-gros-gisement-d-hydrogene-naturel-du-monde-vient-d-etre-decouvert-en-france-17826239.php
Linares, Lamus Rafael Antonio. „Alimentation d’une bobine supraconductrice par une pile à combustible à hydrogène et conception d'un aimant vectoriel de 3 T“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0249/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe fuel cell (FC) converts the chemical energy of the reactants into direct electrical energy, heat and water. The FC is generally used around an operating point (or area) corresponding to a maximum of electric power. The direct current produced by the redox reaction is proportional to the active surface of the single cell and its voltage, which is approximately 0.6 V at the nominal operating point, can be increase by connecting several cells in series (constituting a stack). Due to its low DC voltage amplitude, its use in electrical systems requires the use of power converters. In this work, we have been interested taking benefit of such DC low voltage power source and more precisely the use of the FC as a current source controllable by the one of the reactant flow rates. The expertise of GREEN laboratory in the field of superconductors has naturally led us to an innovative application, namely to substitute the power supplies dedicated to the superconducting devices by a FC. A first promising test conducted on a 4 mH superconducting coil highlighted the full potential of such an application and encouraged us to extend the study to highly inductive superconducting coils where the energies involved are more important. This requires to carefully design the test bench with a protection system for the FC as well as operating conditions. To this end, a FC model supplying a superconducting coil has been developed and tested experimentally. At the same time, we have focused on the supply part of the superconducting coil by designing an innovative superconducting device, commonly called a three-axis vector magnet. This system can be used as a load for a fuel cell, but also, and above all, as a tool for the characterization of superconducting samples. This vector magnet allows to orient a magnetic field of several tesla in the three space directions, with a uniformity of more than 95 % in a 100 mm sphere of diameter. This design allowed us to realize the windings supporting structure and to choose a superconducting wire. The complete system has to cost less than 50 k€, including the cryostat, we have finally choose a superconducting wire with low critical temperature, cooled by liquid helium
Linares, Lamus Rafael Antonio. „Alimentation d’une bobine supraconductrice par une pile à combustible à hydrogène et conception d'un aimant vectoriel de 3 T“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0249.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe fuel cell (FC) converts the chemical energy of the reactants into direct electrical energy, heat and water. The FC is generally used around an operating point (or area) corresponding to a maximum of electric power. The direct current produced by the redox reaction is proportional to the active surface of the single cell and its voltage, which is approximately 0.6 V at the nominal operating point, can be increase by connecting several cells in series (constituting a stack). Due to its low DC voltage amplitude, its use in electrical systems requires the use of power converters. In this work, we have been interested taking benefit of such DC low voltage power source and more precisely the use of the FC as a current source controllable by the one of the reactant flow rates. The expertise of GREEN laboratory in the field of superconductors has naturally led us to an innovative application, namely to substitute the power supplies dedicated to the superconducting devices by a FC. A first promising test conducted on a 4 mH superconducting coil highlighted the full potential of such an application and encouraged us to extend the study to highly inductive superconducting coils where the energies involved are more important. This requires to carefully design the test bench with a protection system for the FC as well as operating conditions. To this end, a FC model supplying a superconducting coil has been developed and tested experimentally. At the same time, we have focused on the supply part of the superconducting coil by designing an innovative superconducting device, commonly called a three-axis vector magnet. This system can be used as a load for a fuel cell, but also, and above all, as a tool for the characterization of superconducting samples. This vector magnet allows to orient a magnetic field of several tesla in the three space directions, with a uniformity of more than 95 % in a 100 mm sphere of diameter. This design allowed us to realize the windings supporting structure and to choose a superconducting wire. The complete system has to cost less than 50 k€, including the cryostat, we have finally choose a superconducting wire with low critical temperature, cooled by liquid helium
Robert, Clotilde. „Optimisation d’un système pile à hydrogène / batteries / supercondensateurs pour une application portuaire, intégrant les contraintes d’usage et les aspects sociétaux–environnementaux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCD049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the optimization of powertrains for port applications, integrating eco-design criteria. The study focuses on powertrains comprising Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) systems, lithium-ion batteries and Electronic Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) supercapacitors.After an in-depth analysis of energy components from societal, environmental and techno-economic angles, semi-empirical modeling of these components is presented. Several powertrain configurations are studied, ranging from 100% battery solutions to hybrid configurations with a PEMFC system, as well as triple hybridization solutions incorporating supercapacitors.Simulations of these powertrains, based on driving cycles from GAUSSIN's port tractors, enable us to compare the different configurations according to a number of criteria: technical, economic, environmental and societal.The results show that the triple hybridization solution with Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) or Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) battery packs offers the best compromise between performance, cost and reduced environmental impact, although certain configurations may be preferable depending on the specific priorities of the players involved. The prospects of this thesis include model improvements, in-depth reflection on sustainability and on emissions generated throughout the vehicle's life cycle
Busquet, Séverine Marie-Pierre. „Etude d'un système autonome de production d'énergie couplant un champ photovoltai͏̈que, un électrolyseur et une pile à combustible : réalisation d'un banc d'essai et modélisation“. Paris, ENMP, 2003. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001338.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGianotti, Elia. „High purity hydrogen generation via partial dehydrogenation of fuels“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20078/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work have been developed in the general context of the development of more electrified and environmentally friendly means of transport, in order to significantly reduce greenhouse gases emissions. More specifically, the objective of this thesis project was to study the feasibility of the concept of on-board hydrogen generation by catalytic partial dehydrogenation (PDh) of fuel. The hydrogen produced serves to power a fuel cell system that replaces vehicles auxiliary power units. At the same time the fuel, that is only partially dehydrogenated, maintains its properties and can be re-injected into the fuel pool.This thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part describes the research on the PDh of kerosene to produce hydrogen on-board an aircraft. The choice of the catalyst is crucial: it should allow to produce high purity hydrogen without compromising the original properties of kerosene. Advanced materials, composed by metals impregnated on different supports, have been developed, characterized and evaluated as a catalysts in the reaction of PDh. The influence of catalyst composition on the activity, selectivity and stability as well as the deactivation mechanisms were studied. One of the optimized catalytic materials, composed of a 1% Pt - Sn 1% (w/w) active phase supported on a γ-alumina with controlled porosity, allowed a hydrogen production of 3500 NL•h-1•kgcat-1, with a purity of 97.6% vol. and a lifetime of 79 h, which corresponds to 3.5 kW of electric power supplied by fuel cells.The second part of the manuscript describes a study on diesel and gasoline and asses the feasibility of hydrogen generation by PDh of fuels different from kerosene. The results obtained with the previously mentioned catalyst are encouraging and show the possibility of applying this concept to other fields of transportation beside the aviation. The most significant results obtained with gasoline and diesel surrogates are respectively a hydrogen productivity value of 3500 et 1800 NL•h-1•kgcat-1 with lifetimes of 29 and 376 h and a purity that exceeds 99% vol. in both cases
Aït, Idir William. „Performance et durabilité des piles à combustible basse température à faible chargement en platine“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the most promising technologies for the energy transition and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in heavy-duty transport. One of the obstacles to its commercialization lies in the use of platinum as a catalyst in the electrodes: platinum is both expensive and present in limited quantities on the planet. As a result, this work focuses on studying the performance and durability of low-platinum-loaded electrodes. Various characterizations were carried out to examine the impact in terms of performance and durability of low Pt loading at the cathode. An initial study of the layer limiting oxygen transport in a PEMFC was carried out using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Different membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) were characterized. The differences between the MEA are due either to Pt loading at the cathode, the membrane, the gas diffusion layers (GDL) and/or the flow field plate geometry and area. It was concluded that the GDL is the layer contributing the most to oxygen transport limitations; however, decreasing the platinum content of the electrodes results in an increase in the high-frequency resistance, which could be due to oxygen diffusion through the ionomer film. Performance mapping and an accelerated stress test (AST) were also carried out with the various MEA tested. The aim of performance mapping is to determine the operating conditions giving the best performance (polarization curve). AST is used to evaluate the durability of MEA using a potential and current-induced humidity cycling protocol. Performance degradation is monitored to quantify durability. To this purpose, the tests carried out between each AST step consist in measuring polarization curves, voltage during 1h operation at 1 A/cm², hydrogen permeation current and electrochemical active surface of both electrodes. Over four different Pt loadings at the cathode, a correlation was observed between loading and MEA degradation. As Pt loading decreases, degradation becomes more pronounced, and the MEA is less efficient and less durable
Gailly, Frédéric. „Alimentation électrique d'un site isolé à partir d'un générateur photovoltaïque associé à un tandem électrolyseur/pile à combustible (batterie H2/O2)“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11527/1/Gailly_Frederic.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarty, Philippe. „Procédé et dispositif de génération d'hydrogène par conversion à haute température avec vapeur d'eau“. Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP1140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the field of hydrogen generation by non catalytic fuel reforming, at high temperature, with the aim to feed a PEM type H2/02 fuel cell for transport applications. It appears as an interesting alternative to the use of catalysts. Indeed, the proposed thermal reforming eliminates the poisoning and coke formation problems associated with catalytic reformers. Besides, it enables the realisation of a reforming system that accepts all types of fuels, without the need to adapt a specific catalyst to the fuel molecules to be reformed. The comparison of the different hydrogen production processes (partial oxidation, steam-reforming and autothermal reforming) is done considering the constraints imposed by the PEM fuel cell and the results of calculations on stoichiometric reactions. It results in the choice of the hybrid steam-reforming (HSR) process, which fits very well to the characteristics of the PEM fuel cell and enables an energetic optimisation of the whole system. A chemical kinetic model adapted to the propane HSR process is used to identify the temperature levels and residence times necessary to proceed the HSR reaction withou catalyst and to avoid the persistence of methane, non methanic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the hydrogen-rich mixture. From the results, a procedure is given to define a non catalytic reformer. This procedure is applied for the design of a first laboratory-scale HSR reactor fed with propane. Experimental results (chemical composition, reformate and wall temperatures) are presented and compared with the results of the calculations done during the design phase
Collong, Sophie. „Conception des systèmes mécaniques complexes en comportement dynamique. Contribution à une démarche physico-fiabiliste à partir d'un système à pile à combustible pour véhicule électrique à hydrogène“. Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0283/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe integration of complex mechanical systems subject to stringent vibration environments requiresconsideration of the real conditions of use from the beginning of the design phase.The thesis shows that the vibration environment and the duration of exposure to this environmentdepend on the use of the system throughout its life cycle. The evaluation of its use is based on thejoint evolution of both the user behavior and the system technology development.The dependability analysis of a complex mechanical system leads to consider the system as a wholeand thus to investigate in depth the dynamic behavior of critical components. A basic modeling ofthe mechanical system allows to qualitatively and quantitatively identify key dynamic behaviors anddetermines the vibration loads to which selected critical components are subjected. On this basis,modeling the behavior of a mechanical component leads to assess its fatigue damage. This indicatorhelps the designer in his choice of component geometry.Finally, the climatic environment as well as effects related to the internal functioning of the system,have been taken into account by performing vibro-climatic tests of on an operating systems, i.e. a fuelcell system integrated into a hydrogen electric vehicle. This helped to develop a procedure to supportthe design of complex mechanical systems
Aiteur, Imad-Eddine. „Modélisation, commande et optimisation d’un réseau multi-sources. Application à la traction de véhicules électriques“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the investigation of control approaches to treat the issue of energy management of multi-source electrical networks. The considered electric motor supply system consists on a fuel cell as a main energy source and an additional element that supplies peak power and charges by regenerative braking. At first, three energy management strategies have been applied to the sypply system aiming to minimize the fuel cell hydrogen mass consumption while satisfying the system physical constraints. First, the optimization is realized using dynamic programming,an off-line optimization method that requires the knowledge of the entire power load profile. Secondly, twoon-line optimization approaches are used : ECMS and MPC strategies, for which only the current power demand is demanded.The second part of this thesis presents a decentralized control strategy applied to the power system. The dedicated control structure aims to assure an optimal operation of the FC system while respecting the compressor physical limits and to control the converter current sand network output voltage. To attain these objectives, a dynamic model of the FC system is used,in addition to the SSE and electric network dynamics. The FC system regulation and the control of the SSE state of energy are performed separately with two different controllers, both designed using (MPC-LTV) approach. The third and fourth levels of the decentralized control structure consists on inner control loops for fuel cell/supercapacitor currents and a DC bus voltage control loop, designed using PI controllers. The validation of the control structure is performed in simulation using a nonlinear models of the FC system and the SSE. To validate and compare the performance of different control methods based on a fuel cell static model, these approaches have been applied to the dynamic model of the FC and compared to the results obtained by applying the approched designed and based on an FC dynamic model. A comparison in terms of network efficiency and hydrogen consumption has been done
Escribano, Sylvie. „Optimisation de nouvelles électrodes pour piles à combustible hydrogène/oxygène à membrane électrolyte polymère“. Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0148.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuenot, Benoit. „Etude de matériaux catalytiques pour la conversion électrochimique de l'énergie Clean hydrogen generation from the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol inside a proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell (PEMEC): effect of methanol concentration and working temperature Electrochemical reforming of Dimethoxymethane in a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell: a way to generate clean hydrogen for low temperature fuel cells“. Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCM0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydrogen is a promising energy vector, particularly for energy storage from intermittent energy sources such as solar or wind. The development of its production methods and its electrochemical conversion represents a major challenge in the context of energy transition in which we live nowadays. Fuel cells and electrolyzers using PEM technology (Proton Exchange Membrane) are mature electrochemical energy conversion systems, while reversible systems capable of performing both functions – unitized regenerative fuel cells – are still in the early stage of development. Their main technological bottleneck is the design of a bifunctional oxygen electrode. The catalytic materials used in these systems are mainly noble metals and it is necessary to reduce as much as possible their loading in the electrodes to decrease the system cost. Three complementary aspects have been developed during this thesis. On the one hand, iridium and ruthenium oxides have been prepared by hydrothermal treatment in order to catalyze the oxygen evolution under electrolyzer operation. On the other hand, platinum-based catalysts supported on non-carbonaceous materials, especially titanium nitride, have been synthesized by colloidal routes, in order to catalyze the oxygen reduction under fuel cell operation. The combination of these materials is the first step towards the design of a bifunctional oxygen electrode. The third topic focuses on the production of hydrogen and proposes an alternative to the oxidation of water. The electrochemical oxidation of organic compounds such as methanol or dimethoxymethane using platinum and ruthenium based catalysts allows producing clean hydrogen with a lower electrical energy consumption compared to the electrolysis of water
Beaugrand, Anne-Viviane. „Choix de matériau pour l'élaboration d'un réacteur de reformage de l'éthanol pour l'alimentation d'une pile à combustible“. Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1534.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLabbé, Julien. „L'Hydrogène électrolytique comme moyen de stockage d'électricité pour systèmes photovoltaïques isolés“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002332.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFonseca, Ramon Naiff da. „Optimization of the sizing and the energy management for a hybrid fuel cell vehicle including fuel cell dynamics and durability constraints“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0110/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe hydrogen, through the use of fuel cell stacks (FC), has been increasily considered as an energy possible option for the transport sector. Nevertheless, the technology related to its implementation in fuel cell vehicles has not reached the required maturity level. Therefore, this work intends to deal some of these existing limitations. More precisely, three topics represent the objectives of this work: The optimal sizing of the element present in the fuel cell hybrid vehicle. The development of an optimal energy management strategy oriented for real time applications and including the dynamic constraints of the FC system. The inclusion of the fuel cell durability in the vehicle energy management strategy. The first topic is tackled by the development of a sizing methodology adapted to the fuel cell hybrid vehicle application. Using a systematic approach, the proposed sizing method combine the performance requirements present in the vehicle's technical specifications, optimization algorithms, population mobility behavior and the economic viability of the design. The second assigned objective was developed using an optimization approach for the power split between the battery and the FC system. Through the adoption of a global optimization method allied with a predictive control strategy and the inclusion of the FC system dynamics, it was created an energy management algorithm oriented for real time applications. Finally, the fuel cell durability was included in this work by the integration of its degradation dynamics in the optimization problem, which is related to the vehicle's energy management. Such dynamic represents a constraint that should be taken into account in the power sharing between the FC system and battery
Soubeyran, Guillaume. „Nouvelles stratégies de fonctionnement et d'architectures pour l'optimisation des performances des systèmes PEMFC“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of hydrogen combined to a PEMFC (Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel cell) system in the transport is rising. Still, many obstacles remain for a high-scale production. One of these obstacles is the too low durability and performances of PEMFC systems to reach competitiveness. Yet, some performance loss in PEMFC systems are reversible under specific conditions. It would thus be possible to recover fully or partially some of these reversible degradations through a recovery procedure and therefore improve the durability and performance of PEMFC systems. The goal of this thesis is therefore to optimize the application of specific recovery procedures for the oxidation and passivation of the platinum-based catalyst at the cathode.A multiscale architecture has been developed to determine the impact of parameters for several recovery procedures in conditions closer to operating conditions of PEMFC system. These trials enabled to study and compare two kinds of recovery procedures based on the voluntary limitation of air supply to periodically decrease cathode potential. After a first validation at differential single cell scale then at stack level, the long-term effect of these recovery procedures on cell performance and on its components has been studied through durability tests
Candusso, Denis. „Contribution à l'expérimentation de générateurs à piles à combustible de type PEM pour les systèmes de transport“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802373.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDaoudi, Meriem. „Performances et durabilité des membranes alternatives aux membranes PFSA“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this thesis is to find a compromise between durability, cost, and eventually the ability to sustain high temperatures ionomer membranes used in PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell). This work focused on sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) membranes (sPEEK), which were chosen because of their good mechanical properties and high temperature resistance. However, sPEEK membranes suffer from a poor chemical stability, compared to the reference PFSA (PerFluoroSulfonic Acid) membranes. In order to overcome this problem, two approaches have been developed: pretreatment and/or hybridization of sPEEK membranes.The impact of sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) membranes pretreatments on their functional properties, chemical structure and fuel cell performances was studied. Several physico-chemical characterization techniques as well as electrochemical diagnostic tools were used to correlate the cell performance with the sorption and transport properties of tested membranes.Subsequently, the durability of the best of these samples was studied via ex-situ and in-situ approaches. The ex-situ approach provided a first insight into the chemical stability of the membranes. In addition, the in-situ degradation tests allowed to evaluate the durability of the membranes under chemical and mechanical stresses very close from those encountered during fuel cell cells operation. For this purpose, an accelerated aging test was developed, combining potential cycling, humidity cycling and open-circuit prolonged hold.Finally, the second approach consists, in addition to the application of a pretreatment, in the hybridization of the membranes by sol-gel processes. Several precursors with sacrificial or redox functions were impregnated into the sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) membranes. The analysis of fuel cell performances and membrane durability after applying the accelerated stress test have highlighted the efficiency of this approach: the performance and durability of some hybrid membranes even exceeded those of the reference PFSA membranes
Anak, Justin Elissa Cresenta. „Study of electromagnetic compatibility of a very high frequency GaN‐based power converter designed for a hydrogen fuel cell“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCD069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe proposed thesis topic concerns the study, integration, and frequency behavior of a DC/DC static converter based on GaN (HEMT EPC/Infineon) power switches coupled with a hydrogen fuel cell, which incorporates advanced performance diagnostics features. The study of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the entire static converter coupled with a hydrogen fuel cell aims to conduct a frequency analysis of the system, considering that in an integrated context, parasitic inductances and capacitances may disturb the system's operation. It will be important to verify that electromagnetic phenomena do not interfere with the measurements necessary for control and diagnostics. A theoretical study of the conducted disturbances generated in compliance with EMC requirements will be carried out, along with the development of a highly integrated static converter prototype on a 500W hydrogen fuel cell. A mode-stirred reverberation chamber (MSRC) and coupling networks will be used to evaluate the radiated and conducted electromagnetic emissions of the developed static converter to ensure its compliance with the EMC Directive 2014/30/EU
Darras, C. „Modélisation de systèmes hybrides photovoltaïque/hydrogène : applications site isolé, micro-réseau et connexion au réseau électrique dans le cadre du projet PEPITE (ANR PAN-H)“. Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00591013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTeh, Siew Pheng. „Purification de l'hydrogène par l'oxydation préférentielle du monoxyde de carbone pour une application pile à combustible : développement de catalyseurs supportés sur monolithe, étude mécanistique et cinétique“. Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAit, Hammou Taleb Saïd. „Couplage d'une pile à combustible avec des supercapacités pour étudier les gains en termes de rendement et de durée de vie“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFuel cell are an electrochemical devices wich convert chemical energy into electricity. In this study we focus on PEMFC Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells fede by hydrogen and air. This kind of fuel cell has many advantages and show extensive application potentials. If PEMFC exhibits good power capability during steady-state operation, the slow response during transient peak power demands has restrained them for being used in large-scale and high-power transportation applications, such as automobive. To overcome these difficulties, a variety of research has been carried out on the development of hybrid systems based on supercapacitors or batteries. In this work, we study the effect of passive hybridization to improve the system performance and reliability, more specifically during steep load variations. We show that SC can provide a sufficient amount of power to the system during the short time needed by the gas supply lines to respond to an increase in power or current density. This makes it possible to always feed the fuel cell with the right amount of gas without anticipating current peaks or load variations. Flat supercapacitors were also designed and made within the framework of this project. The aim was to design cheap and safe SC with materials like activated carbon electrode and LiNO3 as the electrolyte. In this study we also showed how a direct passive hybridization of PEMFC with small aqueous supercapacitors brings to the design of more efficient, simple and reliable FC systems. By using transient load (Heaviside steps), we showed that the direct hybridization of PEMFC with SC allows to extend its lifetime
Tan, Chiuan Chorng. „A new concept of regenerative proton exchange membrane fuel cell (R-‐PEMFC)“. Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe past works found in the literature have focused on either PEM fuel cell or electrolyzer-PEM. Some of the papers even studied the unitised reversible regenerative fuel cell (URFC) and the solar power hydrogen system by integrating both fuel cell and electrolyzer. Unlike the URFC, our design has an individual compartment for each PEMFC and E-PEM systems and named Quasi-URFC. With this new concept, the main objective is to reduce the cost of regenerative fuel cell (RFC) by minimizing the ratio of the catalyst’s geometric surface area of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of both cell modes. Apart from that, we also aim to build a compact, light and portable RFC.This research work is divided into three parts: the modeling, assembly of the prototype and the experimentation work. As for the modeling part, a 2D multi-physics model has been developed in order to analyze the performance of a three chamber-regenerative fuel cell, which consists of both fuel cell and electrolyzer systems. This numerical model is based on solving conservation equations of mass, momentum, species and electric current by using a finite-element approach on 2D grids. Simulations allow the calculation of velocity, gas concentration, current density and potential's distributions in fuel cell mode and electrolysis mode, thus help us to predict the behavior of Quasi-RFC. Besides that, the assembly of the first prototype of the new concept of regenerative fuel cell has been completed and tested during the three years of PhD studies. The experimental results of the Three-Chamber RFC are promising in both fuel cell and electrolyzer modes and validate the simulation results that previously obtained by modeling
Passot, Sylvain. „Etude expérimentale et par modélisation de l'impact d'impuretés de l'hydrogène sur le fonctionnement des piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMFC)“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813426.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSanchez, Antonio. „Energy management in electric systems fed by fuel cell stacks“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590217.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZhou, Tao. „Commande et supervision énergétique d’un générateur hybride actif éolien incluant du stockage sous forme d’hydrogène et des super-condensateurs pour l’intégration dans le système électrique d’un micro réseau“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECLI0010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA hybrid power system is studied in this thesis for the distributed generation based on renewable energy resources and energy storage systems in microgrid applications. It consists of a wind generator as primary energy source, super-capacitors as fast-dynamic storage system, fuel cells and electrolyzers as long-term storage system in hydrogen. They are all connected to a common DC bus and an inverter is used for the connection of the whole system to the grid. In this thesis, we have presented the system modeling, the control design including the power balancing and energy management strategies. This hybrid power system can finally supply controllable smooth powers as most conventional power plants. The performances have been tested in numerical simulations and also on an experimental test bench. As result, it is able to provide ancillary services to the microgrid. The main scientific contributions of this thesis are: the use and the adaptation of the graphical tools for the modeling of complex systems and their design; the design and the experimental implementation of real-time emulators in order to reduce the time and the cost of an experimental platform; the proposition and the validation of two power balancing strategies for the DC-bus voltage regulation and the grid power control and finally the proposition of energy management strategies for the active wind generator to ensure the energy availability
Mainka, Julia. „Impédance locale dans une pile à membrane H2/air (PEMFC) : études théoriques et expérimentales“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10042/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this Ph.D thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the low frequency loop in impedance spectra of H2/air fed PEMFC and to bring information about the main origin(s) of the oxygen transport impedance through the porous media of the cathode via locally resolved EIS. Different expressions of the oxygen transport impedance alternative to the one-dimensional finite Warburg element are proposed. They account for phenomena occurring in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the electrode plane that are not considered usually: convection through the GDL and along the channel, finite proton conduction in the catalyst layer, and oxygen depletion between the cathode inlet and outlet. A special interest is brought to the oxygen concentration oscillations induced by the AC measuring signal that propagate along the gas channel and to their impact on the local impedance downstream. These expressions of the oxygen transport impedance are used in an equivalent electrical circuit modeling the impedance of the whole cell. Experimental results are obtained with instrumented and segmented cells designed and built in our group. Their confrontation with numerical results allows to identify parameters characterizing the physical and electrochemical processes in the MEA
Zhou, Tao. „Commande et supervision énergétique d'un générateur hybride actif éolien incluant du stockage sous forme d'hydrogène et des super-condensateurs pour l'intégration dans le système électrique d'un micro réseau“. Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArora, Divyesh. „Hybridation directe d’une pile à combustible PEM et d’un organe supercapacitif de stockage : étude comparative du vieillissement en cyclage urbain, et gestion optimale de la consommation d’hydrogène“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe fuel cell (FC) is poorly adapted to the sudden variations in power encountered in transport applications. The FC hybridization to a supercapacitor (SC) was then studied, since this capacitive storage device allows to manage the power transients. Hybridization is direct/passive, thus reducing the volume, mass and cost of the system. Initially, the feasibility and the impact of SC size on FC performance have been examined numerically. Theoretical investigations show that increasing the size of SC enhances the smoothing effect introduced by the supercapacitor on FC current. This results into slow variations and reduction in both current and voltage amplitudes, a decrease in the fuel cell’s effective current, and therefore in FC electrical losses. Hybridization, compared to its FC operation alone, still reduces hydrogen overconsumption by nearly 50 % under the same operating conditions. These results have been validated by experimental tests carried out on a 100 cm2 single FC and a 3 cell stack. Later, the durability of the FC system has been investigated through long term tests. These durability tests have been conducted on the 100 cm2 single FC test bench using urban cycling protocol (FC-DLC), for both hybridized and unhybridized FC system, with continuous evaluation of degradation extent and causes. These tests suggest no detrimental impact on durability of the FC. For these two operating modes, a progressive aging of the gas diffusion layer seems to appear. Subsequently, in order to further reduce the overconsumption of hydrogen in long-term FC-DLC cycling, different strategies were studied: reducing the minimum gas flow rate imposed by FC-DLC cycling from 0.2 to 0.05 A cm-2, and reducing the hydrogen overstoichiometry coefficient from 1.2 to 1.1. These changes have no influence on the durability of the hybrid cell and have reduced hydrogen overconsumption to 10 %. On the contrary, in case of the unhybridized FC, durability was halved as minimum flows were reduced and it did not work when the overstoichiometry reduced coefficient. Further, work has been extended to high power FC systems (1.2 kW FC system, hybridized with two modules of 165 F, SC module). Finally, the FC downsizing has been demonstrated from 34kW FC system to hybrid source system of 10kW FC hybridized with 566.64 F SC, presenting 21 % hydrogen saving and nearly 50 % net cost savings
Ait, Hammou Taleb Saïd. „Couplage d'une pile à combustible avec des supercapacités pour étudier les gains en termes de rendement et de durée de vie“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFuel cell are an electrochemical devices wich convert chemical energy into electricity. In this study we focus on PEMFC Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells fede by hydrogen and air. This kind of fuel cell has many advantages and show extensive application potentials. If PEMFC exhibits good power capability during steady-state operation, the slow response during transient peak power demands has restrained them for being used in large-scale and high-power transportation applications, such as automobive. To overcome these difficulties, a variety of research has been carried out on the development of hybrid systems based on supercapacitors or batteries. In this work, we study the effect of passive hybridization to improve the system performance and reliability, more specifically during steep load variations. We show that SC can provide a sufficient amount of power to the system during the short time needed by the gas supply lines to respond to an increase in power or current density. This makes it possible to always feed the fuel cell with the right amount of gas without anticipating current peaks or load variations. Flat supercapacitors were also designed and made within the framework of this project. The aim was to design cheap and safe SC with materials like activated carbon electrode and LiNO3 as the electrolyte. In this study we also showed how a direct passive hybridization of PEMFC with small aqueous supercapacitors brings to the design of more efficient, simple and reliable FC systems. By using transient load (Heaviside steps), we showed that the direct hybridization of PEMFC with SC allows to extend its lifetime
Aissani, Lynda. „Intégration des paramètres spatio-temporels et des risques d'accident à l'Analyse du Cycle de Vie : Application à la filière hydrogène énergie et à la filière essence“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783708.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArora, Divyesh. „Hybridation directe d’une pile à combustible PEM et d’un organe supercapacitif de stockage : étude comparative du vieillissement en cyclage urbain, et gestion optimale de la consommation d’hydrogène“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe fuel cell (FC) is poorly adapted to the sudden variations in power encountered in transport applications. The FC hybridization to a supercapacitor (SC) was then studied, since this capacitive storage device allows to manage the power transients. Hybridization is direct/passive, thus reducing the volume, mass and cost of the system. Initially, the feasibility and the impact of SC size on FC performance have been examined numerically. Theoretical investigations show that increasing the size of SC enhances the smoothing effect introduced by the supercapacitor on FC current. This results into slow variations and reduction in both current and voltage amplitudes, a decrease in the fuel cell’s effective current, and therefore in FC electrical losses. Hybridization, compared to its FC operation alone, still reduces hydrogen overconsumption by nearly 50 % under the same operating conditions. These results have been validated by experimental tests carried out on a 100 cm2 single FC and a 3 cell stack. Later, the durability of the FC system has been investigated through long term tests. These durability tests have been conducted on the 100 cm2 single FC test bench using urban cycling protocol (FC-DLC), for both hybridized and unhybridized FC system, with continuous evaluation of degradation extent and causes. These tests suggest no detrimental impact on durability of the FC. For these two operating modes, a progressive aging of the gas diffusion layer seems to appear. Subsequently, in order to further reduce the overconsumption of hydrogen in long-term FC-DLC cycling, different strategies were studied: reducing the minimum gas flow rate imposed by FC-DLC cycling from 0.2 to 0.05 A cm-2, and reducing the hydrogen overstoichiometry coefficient from 1.2 to 1.1. These changes have no influence on the durability of the hybrid cell and have reduced hydrogen overconsumption to 10 %. On the contrary, in case of the unhybridized FC, durability was halved as minimum flows were reduced and it did not work when the overstoichiometry reduced coefficient. Further, work has been extended to high power FC systems (1.2 kW FC system, hybridized with two modules of 165 F, SC module). Finally, the FC downsizing has been demonstrated from 34kW FC system to hybrid source system of 10kW FC hybridized with 566.64 F SC, presenting 21 % hydrogen saving and nearly 50 % net cost savings
Rodosik, Sandrine. „Etude de l'impact d'architectures fluidiques innovantes sur la gestion, la performance et la durabilité de systèmes de pile à combustible PEMFC pour les transports“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough hydrogen is booming, fuel cell electric vehicles are still rare on the market. Their high volume and complexity are still major hurdles to the development of PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) systems for transport applications. This PhD. work aimed at studying two new fluidic circuits that can both simplify and reduce the system volume. Namely, the cathodic recirculation, and the Ping-Pong, which is a new fluidic architecture that alternate the fuel feed locations during operation. The performances of both architectures have been studied experimentally in automotive conditions on a 5 kW system. A multiscale analysis was conducted to compare, with other known architectures, the performances of the system, the stack and the homogeneity of the cell voltages inside the stack. The study was completed with a Ping-Pong durability test to evaluate the impact of this new operation on the fuel cell stack. The experimental data have been analyzed at different scales up to the post-mortem expertise of membrane-electrode assemblies
Siangsanoh, Apinya. „Conception et contrôle d'un système de gestion de piles à combustible avec des éléments de stockage distribués à supercondensateurs“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA fuel cell is a device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel (H₂) to electricity through two electrochemical reactions. It consists of two electrodes (anode and cathode), two bipolar plates, gas diffusion layers, and an electrolyte. For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), the electrolyte is a polymer membrane allowing protons transport from the anode to the cathode. It is sandwiched between two catalyst layers to form the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA). Gas diffusion layers (GDL) allow the diffusion of hydrogen and oxygen from the channels machined in the bipolar plates to the catalyst layers. At the anode side, hydrogen splits into protons and electrons (hydrogen oxidation). Protons cross the membrane, and the electrons go from the anode to the cathode through the GDL and through an external circuit connected to the load. At the cathode, oxygen molecules react with electrons and protons to produce water (oxygen reduction reaction). Many factors affect the fuel cell performances such as materials, design, and operating conditions. Gas supply to the electrodes is one of the main operating parameters and it is strongly linked to water and thermal managements. Due to its high time response, gas flow also has a major influence on the fuel cell behavior during high frequency power variations, and gas starvation is one of the main mechanisms related to fuel cell degradations.As durability of PEMFC has a key role in the acceptance of it as a feasible power source, the objective of the thesis is to develop a fuel cell power source in order to reach better performances and to decrease the degradations related to the dynamic operations. The new power electronic architecture is based on a modular configuration in which the global fuel cell source is separated into several stacks each being composed with few cells.Each stack is connected to its own converter to form a modular system, and the output of several modular systems is connected in series to supply energy to the load. This configuration is expected to give better reliability and durability performance compared with the configurations involving a single converter. Since the power dynamics of the fuel cell is low, hybridization with a rapid power response storage device, such as supercapacitor (SC) is necessary for the high bandwidth load. In order to increase the efficiency of the global system and to allow an optimal utilization of SC, a serial topology for hybridization is proposed in this study, where isolated converter is placed in series between the fuel cell and SC. This hybridization is applied at the modular level, the SC being distributed into all modular hybrid system. The voltage across the series converter has to be controlled so that the energy transfer from the fuel cell to supercapacitor occurs smoothly. All the SC will supply energy to the load through an adapted DC/DC converter specially design to own power flow freedom degree which is a requirement for implementing a Fuel Cell Management system. The proposed system is validated through the simulation and experimental results
Oshchepkov, Alexandr. „Investigation of the hydrogen electrode reactions on Ni electrocatalysts in alkaline medium“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF071/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present thesis is mainly focused on the influence of the surface state of Ni electrodes on the kinetics and the mechanism of the hydrogen oxidation/evolution reactions (HOR/HER) in alkaline medium. By combining the results of electrochemical measurements with microkinetic modeling, it was shown that specific activity of Ni in the HOR/HER increases up to 10 times if along with metallic Ni, Ni oxide species are present on the electrode surface. In addition, the effect of the addition of a second metal to Ni electrocatalysts on their activity in the HOR/HER was investigated for NiMo/C and NiCu/C systems. In both cases an enhancement of specific activity was observed in comparison with the reference Ni/C sample, which was assigned to a decrease of the adsorption energy of the hydrogen intermediate on Ni participating in the HOR/HER
Mohammadi, Ali. „Analysis and diagnosis of faults in the PEMFC for fuel cell electrical vehicles“. Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0248/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn recent years, according to the upcoming challenge of pollution, fuel saving, to use on FCEV is increasing. It can be that fuel cell power train divided in the PEMFC, Batteries, DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters and electrical motors. The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel cells (PEMFC) have consistently been considered for transportation application. Characteristic features of PEMFC include lower temperature (50 to 100 °C) and solid polymer electrolyte membrane. In this work, experiments have shown that the temperature distributions can significant influence on the performance of the PEMFC. Also analytical studies have indicated improvement of ionic resistivity of the electrolyte membrane, kinetics of electrochemical reaction and gas diffusion electrodes have directly related to temperature. This work evaluated the effectiveness of temperature on a single and stack fuel cell. In addition, a 3D model is developed by effective of temperature on performance on the fuel cell. In this thesis, two PEM fuel cells have been considered to find out the relationship and analyze the behaviors of the cell voltage and temperature distributions under various operating conditions. An experimental study for voltage and temperature has been executed, using one cell, 12 thermocouples and 12 voltage sensors have been installed at different points of the cell. In this work a new model was proposed to improve the lifetime and reliability of the power train and to detect online faults. Besides, current distributions in different points of the cell based on varying operating conditions are calculated by the Newton Raphson method. On the basis of the developed fault sensitive models above, an ANN based fault detection; diagnosis strategy and the related algorithm have been developed. The identified patterns ANN have been used in the supervision and the diagnosis of the PEMFC drivetrain. The ANN advantages of the ability to include a lot of data made possible to classify the faults in terms of their type
Said, Mohamed Mariama. „Architecture et étude d’un système électrique hybride destine à l’autonomie d’une zone rurale“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe presented work focuses on the study of the architecture of a hybrid electric system (HES) made of different sources. First, we studied a configuration consisting of photovoltaic, wind, PEM fuel cell as sources and batteries, electrolyser and hydrogen tank as storage elements. Then in a second phase, only hydrogen storage is considered to ensure the electrical autonomy of a rural area in Comoros. The coupling of these different sources aims to improve the performance, the availability of the resulting electrical network, the supply of electricity over much longer periods and, above all, the satisfaction of the uses by operating each source in a reasoned way. First, we have analysed the main components of our system. Then, we established the mathematical models that describe the behaviour of the different parts of our hybrid energy system which is here the formalism used for the modelling. The modelling and simulation of the PV and wind systems use a MPPT control to maximize the delivered power. In the first configuration, the battery charge/discharge process is controlled to stabilize the DC bus voltage. The fuel cell makes the system more durable. It also helps to stabilize the DC bus voltage, in case of too much battery discharge. Thus, the use of a harmonic filter reduces the rate of harmonic distortion. Harmonics are compensated as well than the reactive current component in normal or unbalanced operating conditions. The presented simulation results have illustrated the behaviour of the different components of the HES in transient and steady states. Finally, the proposed system, analysed with the help of HOMER, would be able to provide a solution to the demand of a rural area in the Comoros or in any place suffering of a weak grid by using only hydrogen storage
Bahrami, Milad. „Contribution to the development of a fuel cell management system“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe essential challenge in using renewable energy-based electricity generation is the intermittency of resources. Therefore, new ways to store electricity is inevitable. Hydrogen as an energy carrier can deal with this issue. Hydrogen can be produced by using the excess energy of renewable energy sources. Therefore, a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) as a device that can directly convert hydrogen energy to electricity is an important part of this solution. The cost and durability are the major challenges to enable the diffusion of this technology in the mass market. In the frame of a multi-vectors microgrid, a Fuel Cell Management System (FCMS) is proposed and designed in this thesis that allows optimizing the reliability and life of PEMFCs through controlling the operating condition of cells to avoid electrochemical instabilities. A proposed diagnostic method along with a new hybrid power electronics architecture is the core of this FCMS. The diagnostic method can detect most of the FCMS instabilities by a new comprehensive real-time model. This model can simulate a cell in its stack environment. A hybrid power electronics architecture is developed for this FCMS that guarantees better aging of the system by separately manipulating the supplied power of cells. The proposed power electronics architecture is hybridized by a Supercapacitor (SC) that can compensate for the low dynamic of PEMFCs in supplying the fast dynamic load profiles. A Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) method is developed as a part of the FCMS to change the reference power of the cell groups based on the model data. The proposed system and its different parts are validated through the simulation and experimental results