Dissertationen zum Thema „Physique à plusieurs corps“
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Victorin, Nicolas. „Gaz quantiques à plusieurs composantes sous champ de jauge“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first observation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in dilute atomic vapors has been a breakthrough both fundamentally, verifying theoretical concept predicted by Bose and Einstein several decades ago, revealing the statistical property of quantum particles. Since then, a new field has emerged and experimentalists are able to study this artificial matter in a very clean and controllable way. Cold-atom systems allows us to explore a whole range of fundamental phenomena that are extremely difficult or impossible to study in real materials, such as Bloch oscillation, Mott-superfluid transition, topology of band structure, orbital magnetism just to name a few. These progresses allow the quantum simulation of a large class of Hamiltonians subjected to magnetic field. Indeed, condensed matter phenomena under strong magnetic fields are still intriguing and are at the center of modern research. For instance, topological states of matter are realized in quantum Hall systems. A ladder is the simplest geometry where one can get some insight on two-dimensional quantum systems subjected to a synthetic gauge field.The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the study of double ring ladder subjected to gauge fluxes.Through both numerical and analytical calculation we explore the phase diagram of the system revealing known phases such as Meissner, vortex and biased ladder phase and the effect of commensurability of the total flux. Thanks to Bogoliubov approximation we are able to derive the excitation spectrum of the system and the nature of the low energy modes in the different phases revealing supersolid features as well as Josephson oscillation between the rings. The regime of infinite interaction between the boson enabled us to use exact mapping into fermions using Jordan-Wigner transformation to characterize the properties of the ground state. We explore the intermediate regime of interactions. Thanks to mode expansion and re-fermionization approach of the bosonized Hamiltonian of the double ring under gauge flux, we show the peculiarities of finite size periodic boundary condition on the current in the double ring with a rotating barrier inducing gauge flux.Exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities constitute an amazing playground to study quantum fluids of light where remarkable effects, similar to those observed in cold atoms experiments, arise. Even though this quantum fluid of light is assumed to be composed, almost, upon pure condensate, the non-equilibrium nature of the gas make the comparison with typical condensates in cold atom experiment rather non trivial.The second part of the thesis is devoted to the study of excitons-polariton in honeycomb lattice. One of the most interesting aspect of the honeycomb lattice problem is that its low-energy excitations are massless, chiral, Dirac particles. Exciton-polariton, which are composite particle of light, in this lattice get back the relativist character of light but in a context where condensation is possible. Features of bosons in honeycomb lattice including retarded Green’s functions, Brillouin-zone selection mechanism and link between geometry of the lattice. We show that decay mode are suppressed as a consequence of the symmetry of the lattice leading to the possibility to engineer polaritonic dark-state. Then we obtain the Bogoliubov excitation spectrum of exciton-polariton. The usual bistability curve is shown to be unstable above C point showing the break-down of mean-field theory because of possible highly non-classical state. Finally experiment and theory are compared
Rotureau, Jimmy. „Modèle en couches avec plusieurs particules dans le continuum : description de la radioactivité deux protons“. Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRotureau, J. „Modèle en couches avec plusieurs particules dans le continuum : description de la radioactivité deux protons“. Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008959.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMei, P. „Spatial particle correlations in 6He and 8He“. Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636356.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleScarlatella, Orazio. „Driven-Dissipative Quantum Many-Body Systems“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS281/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy PhD was devoted to the study of driven-dissipative quantum many-body systems. These systems represent natural platforms to explore fundamental questions about matter under non-equilibrium conditions, having at the same time a potential impact on emerging quantum technologies. In this thesis, we discuss a spectral decomposition of single-particle Green functions of Markovian open systems, that we applied to a model of a quantum van der Pol oscillator. We point out that a sign property of spectral functions of equilibrium systems doesn't hold in the case of open systems, resulting in a surprising ``negative density of states", with direct physical consequences. We study the phase transition between a normal and a superfluid phase in a prototype system of driven-dissipative bosons on a lattice. This transition is characterized by a finite-frequency criticality corresponding to the spontaneous break of time-translational invariance, which has no analog in equilibrium systems. Later, we discuss the mean-field phase diagram of a Mott insulating phase stabilized by dissipation, which is potentially relevant for ongoing experiments. Our results suggest that there is a trade off between the fidelity of the stationary phase to a Mott insulator and robustness of such a phase at finite hopping. Finally, we present some developments towards using dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) for studying driven-dissipative lattice systems. We introduce DMFT in the context of driven-dissipative models and developed a method to solve the auxiliary problem of a single impurity, coupled simultaneously to a Markovian and a non-Markovian environment. As a test, we applied this novel method to a simple model of a fermionic, single-mode impurity
Catalano, Alberto Giuseppe. „Understanding and exploiting non-local effects in quantum spin chains“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt the verge of the second quantum revolution, understanding and exploiting the phenomena resulting from the interplay between the intrinsic non-locality of quantum mechanics and purely non-local interactions is of crucial importance for the development of novel quantum technologies. In this thesis, we will mostly focus on the non-local effects introduced by topological frustration (TF), a form of weak frustration that was first introduced in the context of antiferromagnetic quantum spin chains by applying the so called frustrated boundary conditions, realized as a combination of periodic boundary conditions and odd number of spins. Our goal is double. From one side, we will further improve the theoretical understanding of topologically frustrated phases. Beyond these theoretical implications, this work will demonstrate that TF spin chains exhibit compelling technological potential, proposing them as competitive candidates for the development of robust and efficient quantum batteries
Cecile, Mario Guillaume. „Exploring quantum dynamics : from hydrodynamics to measurement induced phase transition“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1298.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we take a deep dive into the world of quantum dynamics, aiming to understand the complex behaviours that arise in quantum many-body systems and the emergence of hydrodynamics behaviour. Throughout the chapters, we simplify key concepts essential for understanding how quantum systems operate. Chapter 1 presents an overview of fundamental concepts on emergent phenomena in quantum integrable systems and generalized hydrodynamics, which is essential to understand the complexities of quantum dynamics. Additionally, we offer an in-depth introduction to Matrix Product States, which are a valuable tool for efficiently simulating quantum dynamics in 1D systems. In Chapter 2, we develop a model to describe the relaxation of spin helices using the framework of generalized hydrodynamics with diffusive corrections and a modified version of the local density approximation. Our analysis demonstrates that this hydrodynamic framework accurately reproduces the experimentally observed relaxation dynamics. Additionally, it predicts the long-term relaxation behaviour, which lies beyond the experimentally accessible time scales. Our theoretical framework elucidates the occurrence of temporal regimes exhibiting seemingly anomalous diffusion and highlights the asymmetry between positive and negative anisotropy regimes at short and intermediate time intervals. Chapter 3 delves into the intriguing phenomena observed in the easy-axis regime |Δ| ≥ 1, where initial states with zero magnetic fluctuations instead locally relax to an exotic equilibrium states that we will refer to as squeezed generalized Gibbs ensemble. At the isotropic point, interestingly, we found an unusual behaviour which explicitly depend on the initial state. Namely, for the Néel state, we found extensive fluctuations and a super-diffusive dynamical exponent compatible with Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality. For another non-fluctuating initial state, e.g., product state of spin singlets, we instead found diffusive scaling. In Chapter 4, we investigate the time evolution of an extended quantum spin chains under continuous monitoring using matrix product states with a fixed bond dimension, employing the Time-Dependent Variational Principle algorithm. This algorithm yields an effective classical nonlinear evolution with a conserved charge, offering an approximation to the true quantum evolution with some error. We find that the error rate exhibits a phase transition as the strength of the monitoring varies, and this transition can be accurately identified through scaling analysis with relatively small bond dimensions. Our approach enables efficient numerical determination of critical parameters associated with measurement-induced phase transitions in many-body quantum systems. Furthermore, in the presence of U(1) global spin charge, we observe a distinct charge-sharpening transition, which occurs independently of the entanglement transition. This transition is identified by analysing the charge fluctuations within a local subset of the system over extended time periods. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of TDVP time evolution as a means to detect measurement-induced phase transitions in systems of varying dimensions and sizes.Finally, the last chapter provides a conclusive summary of the findings and discusses potential avenues for future research
Voliotis, Dimitrios. „Contribution à l’étude des chaînes de spin quantique avec une perturbation aléatoire ou apériodique“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0253/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the present thesis, the critical and off-critical behaviors of quantum spin chains in presence of a random or an aperiodic perturbation of the couplings is studied. The critical behavior of the Ising and Potts random quantum chains is known to be governed by the same Infinite-Disorder Fixed Point. We have implemented a numerical version of the Strong-Disorder Renormalization Group (SDRG) to test this prediction. We then studied the quantum random Ashkin-Teller chain by Density Matrix Renormalization Group. The phase diagram, previously obtained by SDRG, is confirmed by estimating the location of the peaks of the integrated autocorrelation times of both the spin-spin and polarization-polarization autocorrelation functions and of the disorder fluctuations of magnetization and polarization. Finally, the existence of a double-Griffiths phase is shown by a detailed study of the decay of the off-critical autocorrelation functions. As expected, a divergence of the dynamical exponent is observed along the two transition lines. In the aperiodic case, we studied both the Ising and Potts quantum chains. Using numerical SDRG, we confirmed the known analytical results for the Ising chains and proposed a new estimate of the magnetic scaling dimension.For the quantum q-state Potts chain, we estimated the magnetic scaling dimension for various aperiodic sequences and showed that it is independent of q for all sequences with a vanishing wandering exponent. However, we observed that the dynamical exponent is finite and increases with the number of states q. In contrast, for the Rudin-Shapiro sequence, the results are compatible with an Infinite-Disorder Fixed Point with a diverging dynamical exponent, equipe de renormalization
Gatti, Matteo. „Calculs Ab-Initio des effets à plusieurs corps dans les spectres électroniques“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004109.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHerr, Michel. „La connaissance du corps en éducation physique“. Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR20003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the beginning of the sixties, physical education aims at highlighting the pro cess of teaching the body by the person. The study of the socio-historic factors which have presided the emergence of new educational objective shows what is at stake as far as a physical education doctri ne is concerved the definition of such an educational aim,enable us to understand the development of these educational practises as well as the interest wich they represent for a certain number of scientific theories (neurosciences,psychology and psycho-analysis). The distorsion they undergo as well the impossibility for physical education doctrines to follow up this aim emerge from the study of these scientific theories which help to explain pedagogical theories. Finaly, the phenomenological ontology highlights the very emptines of the project. In order to justify their education effectiveness physical education doctrines will have to find they education ambitions in other directions
Christopoulos, Alexios. „Émergence du chaos dans la dynamique des systèmes à plusieurs corps classiques et quantiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1305.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis investigates the emergence of chaos in classical and quantum many-body dynamics through three interconnected studies, yielding several novel results.The research initially explores correlations in dual symplectic circuits, providinga thorough analysis of Hamiltonian flows and symplectic systems. A significantcontribution is the introduction of the Ising-Swap model within dual symplecticclassical circuits, which reveals dynamical correlations using symplectic and dual-symplectic gates. A general method is proposed, which enables the exact compu-tation of two-point dynamical correlation functions, which are shown to be non-vanishing only along the edges of light cones. These findings are validated throughMonte Carlo simulations, displaying excellent agreement with theoretical predic-tions for various observables.The subsequent study addresses chaos and unitary designs, starting with an ex-amination of unitary designs, k-designs, and the Haar measure, progressing to thePorter-Thomas distribution. This research advances the understanding of universaldistributions of overlaps from unitary dynamics by employing models like brick-wall circuits and the Random Phase Model. Notably, the study achieves the di-agonalization of generalized Toeplitz matrices and analyses their spectrum, whichprovides an exact calculation of the Frame Potential, which is essential for under-standing the universality of our theory.The final segment of the thesis focuses on universal out-of-equilibrium dynam-ics of critical quantum systems, utilizing conformal field theory (CFT) to investi-gate fields and correlation functions. The study addresses the out-of-equilibriumdynamics of quantum systems perturbed by noise coupled to energy. Key resultsinclude detailed analyses of two-point correlations, entanglement entropy distribu-tions, and energy density fluctuations, which are shown to be directly related to aset of stochastic differential equation(SDEs). It is shown, that one can study theseSDEs, and analytically prove, the existence of non-trivial stationary distributionswith −3/2 tails. Benchmarking these findings with a free fermion model under-scores the universality and robustness of the presented theoretical framework.Overall, this thesis integrates theoretical models and mathematical frameworksto enhance the understanding of chaos in both classical and quantum systems. Bylinking results from symplectic circuits, unitary designs, and out-of-equilibrium dy-namics, it offers a comprehensive narrative that underscores the universal charac-teristics of chaotic behaviour in many-body dynamics
ALBRECHT, STEFAN ROBERT. „Absorption optique des semi-conducteurs et isolants : calcul ab initio des effets a plusieurs corps“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPXX0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMohammed, Osama. „Approximation des fonctions de plusieurs variables sous contrainte de convexité“. Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3014/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn many applications, we may wish to interpolate or approximate a multivariate function possessing certain geometric properties or “shapes” such as smoothness, monotonicity, convexityor nonnegativity. These properties may be desirable for physical (e.g., a volume-pressure curve should have a nonnegative derivative) or practical reasons where the problem of shape preserving interpolation is important in various problems occurring in industry (e.g., car modelling, construction of mask surface). Hence, an important question arises: How can we compute the best possible approximation to a given function f when some of its additional characteristic properties are known?This thesis presents several new techniques to find a good approximation of multivariate functions by a new kind of linear operators, which approximate from above (or, respectively, from below) all functions having certain generalized convexity. We focus on the class of convex and strongly convex functions. We would wish to use this additional informationin order to get a good approximation of f . We will describe how this additional condition can be used to derive sharp error estimates for continuously differentiable functions with Lipschitz continuous gradients. More precisely we show that the error estimates based on such operators are always controlled by the Lipschitz constants of the gradients, the convexity parameter of the strong convexity and the error associated with using the quadratic function. Assuming, in addition, that the function, we want to approximate, is also strongly convex, we establish sharp upper as well as lower refined bounds for the error estimates.Approximation of integrals of multivariate functions is a notoriously difficult tasks and satisfactory error analysis is far less well studied than in the univariate case. We propose a methodto approximate the integral of a given multivariate function by cubature formulas (numerical integration), which approximate from above (or from below) all functions having a certain type of convexity. We shall also see, as we did for for approximation of functions, that for such integration formulas, we can establish a characterization result in terms of sharp error estimates. Also, we investigated the problem of approximating a definite integral of a given function when a number of integrals of this function over certain hyperplane sections of d-dimensional hyper-rectangle are only available rather than its values at some points.The motivation for this problem is multifold. It arises in many applications, especially in experimental physics and engineering, where the standard discrete sample values fromfunctions are not available, but only their mean values are accessible. For instance, this data type appears naturally in computer tomography with its many applications inmedicine, radiology, geology, amongst others
Segneri, Marco. „Réduction exacte de la dynamique neurale à plusieurs échelles“. Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work of this thesis is inspired by a new generation of neural mass models where the mean field equations are derived exactly starting from the microscopic ones for the neural population composed of QIF neurons. This innovative approach is based on recent results of statistical physics, which have shown the possibility of deriving exact macroscopic models for coupled phase oscillator networks. In more detail the thesis is structured as follows. In the first chapter we introduce the concept of phase oscillator and provide a detailed analysis of the Kuramoto model. We then show how it is possible to exactly reduce a system of N phase oscillators to a macroscopic system of low dimension. In this context two exact mean-field approaches have been developed. The first approach, developed in 1993 by Watanabe and Strogatz, is devoted to identical oscillators; while the second one,introduced in 2008 by Ott and Antonsen, describes the macroscopic dynamics of non-identical oscillators. In the second chapter we introduce the single QIF neuron model by providinga detailed study of its dynamics. We then define the network model of fullycoupled QIF neurons showing how to move from the microscopic descriptionof a population of QIF neurons with instantaneous synapses, correspondingto a system of N degrees of freedom, to the exact neural mass model withonly two degrees of freedom, that is in terms of the average firing rate andthe average membrane potential of the network.In the third chapter we examine two set-ups able to support collectivegamma oscillations: the pyramidal interneuronal network gamma (PING)and the interneuronal network gamma (ING). In both set-ups we observe theemergence of theta-nested gamma oscillations by driving the system with asinusoidal theta-forcing in proximity of a Hopf bifurcation. From our anal-ysis it emerges that the locked states are more frequent in the ING set-up.In agreement with the experiments, we find theta-nested gamma oscillationsfor forcing frequencies in the range [1:10] Hz, whose amplitudes grow proportionally to the forcing one and which are clearly modulated by the thetaphase. At variance with experimental findings, the gamma-power peak doesnot shift to higher frequencies by increasing the theta frequency. This effectcan be obtained, in our model, only by incrementing, at the same time, also the noise or the forcing amplitude.In the fourth chapter we study balanced sparse inhibitory networks of QIFneurons characterized by a finite synaptic time scale. As the main result,we show theoretically and numerically that a single inhibitory populationcan give rise to coexisting of slow and fast gamma rhythms correspondingto collective oscillations of a balanced spiking network. The slow and fastgamma rhythms are generated via two different mechanisms: the fast onebeing driven by the the coordinated tonic neural firing and the slow one byendogenous fluctuations due to irregular neural activity. We show that al-most instantaneous stimulations can switch the collective gamma oscillationsfrom slow to fast and vice versa.In the fifth chapter we consider a sparse balanced inhibitory network of QIFneurons with instantaneous synapses proving the transition from the asynchronous state to collective oscillations for large enough average connectivityby solving the associated Fokker-Planck equation. This result is in goodagreement with network simulations. Moreover we try to extend the OAtheory for sparse network by considering the Circulant Cumulant approxi-mation (CCs). In particular we consider CCs until the second cumulant,providing a four-dimensional system for the first and second cumulant. Thislow dimensional system is able to capture the transition from asynchronousstate to collective oscillations, however the discrepancy with the networksimulations suggests to consider major order of cumulants
Barataud, Fabienne. „Analyse physique des transferts hydriques dans un sol forestier à plusieurs échelles spatiales“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL026N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCHARMANT, SOPHIE. „Physique et modelisation d'ecoulements compressibles turbulents autour d'arriere-corps“. Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112421.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStellin, Filippo. „Anderson localization in interacting quantum systems“. Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we theoretically investigate the behaviour of quantum particles (electrons, atoms, photons, etc.) moving in a random medium and undergoing Anderson localization. For noninteractingparticles, the energy spectrum can possess one or more critical points, where the nature of the single-particle wavefunctions changes from extended to localized leading to a undergoes a metal-insulator phase transition, also known as Anderson transition.A fundamental question is whether and how Anderson transitions survive in interacting quantum systems. Here we study a minimal model of two particles moving in a disordered lattice and subject to short-range mutual interactions. By combining large-scale numerics with Green’s functions techniques, we show that two-particle Anderson transitions do occur in three dimensions and explore the phase diagram in the space of energy, disorder and interaction strength. The latter presents a rich structure, characterized by a doubly reentrant behavior, caused by the competition between scattering and bound states of the pair. We also show that previous claims of 2D Anderson transitions of the pair are essentially due to finite-size effects.A second problem that we address in this thesis is the occurrence of 2D metal-insulator transitions for a single particle in the presence of a spatially correlated potential and subject to spin-orbit interactions, described by Rashba-Dresselhaus couplings. We illustrate that, irrespective of the properties of the disorder, there is a regime where the critical energy depends linearly on the disorder strength. The slope and the intercept are studied in the vicinity of the spin-helix point, where the SU(2) symmetry is restored and the 2D metal-insulator transition disappears
Pinto, de Olivera Mauricio Pietrocola. „Élie Mascart et l'optique des corps en mouvement“. Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleE. Mascart realized a group of experiences between 1869 and 1873 to study the influence of bodys mouvement on light propagation. He began his research with a group of theoretical and experimental results that existed in his time. His experiments show a number of misunderstandings of the conception of his contemporary scientists and he furnished a very precisely amount of experimental observations. With his conclusions mascart affirmed the impossibility, in the precision of his time, to get effects of body's absolute movement on light phenomenba, and he extends the principle of relative movement from mechanics to optics
Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh-Hà. „Physique, modélisation et simulation des écoulements compressibles turbulents d'arrière-corps“. Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT093H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubois, Philippe. „Le Physique de la personne“. Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594173h.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBercker, François. „Étude comparative anglais/français des expressions figées figurées comportant un ou plusieurs noms de parties du corps humain“. Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030089.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis studies the figurative use of the parts of the human body in idioms, both in english and in french. The first step of this research has consisted in listing these idioms in both languages, from various refderence books, ranging from the dictionary of idioms to the thermatic encyclopedia of set phrases with a figurative meaning. This dual corpus compiles a total of 1946 idioms. It is then analyzed from theree different and complementary points of wiew. The first approach is syntactical and lexical, it shows the choice of both the parts of the body and the predicates associated to them in these idioms is influenced by the typicality both of the formers as regards their use and perception and of the latters as regards the expression of human behaviours. The second approach is semantic and studies what parts of the reality are conceptualized by these idioms and in what figurative tems they are conceptualized. The third and last approach considers the sue of these idioms, from an extra corpus of utterances including siome of them. It shows how the use of such idioms is linbked to a limited set of situations in which they establish an implicit consensus between the parthers of the speech act on what is being said. It also suggests possible applications, such as a help in the recovery of the capacity to use the body figuratively for certain brain-damaged patients
Zvrko, Edina. „La création en plusieurs arts (Alessandro Baricco, Percival Everett, Nedzad Ibrisimovic, Jean-Philippe Toussaint)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA080086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis studies the work of four contemporary novelists who express themselves in one or more other artistic fields: Italian musicologist Alessandro Baricco, American painter Per-cival Everett, Bosnian sculptor Nedžad Ibrišimović, and Belgian photographer and filmma-ker Jean-Philippe Toussaint. Our work is interested primarily in the psychological issues of creation that extend themselves beyond verbal language. In order to understand the role of other disciplines compared to writing, we first analyze general features of artistic experience as they are represented in the fictional universes of their novels. Inspired by psychoanalytic theories highlighting the effects that initial experiences of lan-guage learning and childhood games have on later artistic creation, we analyze the artistic act as the transformation of an old sense into a new form, opening the artist up to the world from which he once felt excluded. Our analyses show, for example, that visual arts have a particular role in questioning one’s relation to an alternate nature. Driven by his own desire, the artist abandons the familiar structures of meaning and inevitably arrives at an unknown area. Immersed in this new place, he gets closer to an archaic identity based on carnal nature. The sensorial experience opens him up to an invisible aspect of the real world. On one hand, he is finally liberated from conventional perception, on the other, the experience of something new makes him face his deepest fears. Therefore, creating means finding a code that can both assure protection from primal anxieties while maintaining movement and freedom of being. Creation in several arts is a response to this double demand of artistic ex-pression
Gilbert, François. „Descriptions thermo-mecaniques de milieux a plusieurs constituants et application aux milieux poreux satures“. Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066397.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeck, Arnaud. „Simulation N-Corps d'un plasma“. Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00359057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTout d'abord les problèmes d'expansion de plasma dans le vide. Ce genre de simulation fait coexister des densités d'ordres de grandeur très différents. Certaines zones peuvent avoir un comportement hydrodynamique pendant que d'autres sont peuplées de particules avec des trajectoires balistiques car trop énergétiques. Les protons, notamment, peuvent ainsi être accélérés à des vitesses requises pour la fusion. Ce type de problème, faisant intervenir une interface plasma-vide, est pratiquement impossible à étudier à l'aide des techniques de simulation courantes (e.g. codes MHD, Vlasov, Fokker-Planck, ...).
L'autre champ d'application est celui de la simulation des plasmas modérément ou fortement couplés qui concerne de nombreux plasmas de laboratoire, mais également des plasmas astrophysiques, tels, par exemple, la zone convective du Soleil. Dans les plasmas dits couplés, les collisions ``binaires proches'' entre charges ne peuvent pas être négligées. Or, les modèles numériques de type Fokker-Planck, très majoritairement utilisés pour simuler des plasmas faiblement collisionnels, n'en tiennent pas compte ce qui les rends inadéquats à ce type de plasma. La technique N-Corps, quant à elle, gère chaque particule individuellement et peut très bien décrire précisément les trajectoires de particules subissant ce genre de déviation violente.
Beck, Arnaud. „Simulation N-Corps d'un plasma“. Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2008. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00359057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe N-Body plasma simulation consists in calculating the Coulomb interaction between N charged particles. We adapted an N-Body “tree code” algorithm, successfully used in the gravitational case, for the simulation of plasma. So far, we have found two main applications which suits this technique particularly well. First, the expansion of a plasma into vacuum. In this kind of simulations, densities of very different order of magnitude have to interact. Some areas can have an hydrodynamic behavior whereas some others are filled by energetic particles following ballistic trajectories. Problems which take into account plasma-vacuum interface are almost impossible to study with common simulation techniques ( Vlasov, Fokker-Planck). The other application consists in simulating moderatly or strongly coupled plasma. It deals with many laboratory plasmas as well as astrophysical plasmas such as the convective zone of the sun. In coupled plasmas, close collisions between charges can not be neglected as it is done in most of the other simulation techniques. The N-Body technique allows the accurate description of the trajectory of each single particle and thus to take into account the strong deviations
Deprés, David. „Analyse physique et modélisation des instationnarités dans les écoulements d'arrière-corps transsoniques“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeprés, David. „Analyse physique et modélisation des instationnarités dans les écoulements d'arrière-corps transsoniques /“. [Châtillon] : ONERA, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39107055r.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeidani, Anastasia. „Des médias aux centres de la remise en forme : jeux et enjeux de la construction sociale de la corporéité“. Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHow does the passageway from a corporeity socially allotted to a subjectively suitable corporeity take place? Observation and analysis take into account physical activities, food, dress practices and esthetics which define the privileged stakes of the social construction of the body, as shown through a follow-up within a period of time. To seize the post-modern somatic culture, the examination of 274 press magazines enables to distinguish six body esthetic models. An ethnographic study of Health Centers makes it possible to objectify the types of institutional order which conveys these models. Thanks to 57 interviews, the heterogeneity of the body practices which play with these models (and play about it) takes the contours of a typology where fragile and anachronistic bodies (those of the disease or old age) are confronted with bodies in search of physical excellence (in which the sense breaks up according to the gender), without forgetting the body-symptoms (worked by the bulimia and the anorexia) and the bodies burdens (of which obesity is the typical figure)
Ferez, Sylvain. „Corps de mise en scène, d'expression et de réflexivité : étude de génie symbolique“. Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON14001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBard, Christian. „Interaction sensori-motrice en robotique : application à la préhension automatisée pour une main articulée à plusieurs doigts“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344968.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCHAU, Huu-Tai. „Symétrie et géométrie du problème à N-corps. Application à la physique nucléaire“. Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002252.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChau, Huu-Tai Pierre. „Symétrie et géométrie du problème à N-corps : application à la physique nucléaire“. Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGougeon, Yves. „Professeurs d'éducation physique et sportive : les ambiguités d'une discipline scolaire et d'un corps professionnel“. Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL12013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite the existence of official texts dealing with an unity of conception in physical and sportive education at school, the teachers of physical and sportive education disagree about what is or what should be their subject. Our hypothesis being in the same time our thesis is as follows: the historical genesis of this suject and of the staff, who is in charge of this teaching, is necessary to the understanding of the arguments dividing the actors of this full of ambiguities profession. These arguments have been taken from non-directive interviews with teachers
Tran, Vinh Phuc. „Modélisation à plusieurs échelles d'un milieu continu hétérogène aléatoire“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1159/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIf the length-scales are well separated, homogenization theory can provide a robust theoretical framework for heterogeneous materials. In this context, the macroscopic properties can be retrieved from the solution to an auxiliary problem, formulated over the representative volume element (with appropriate boundary conditions). In the present work, we focus on the homogenization of heterogeneous materials which are described at the finest scale by two different materials models (both depending on a specific characteristic length) while the homogeneous medium behaves as a classical Cauchy medium in both cases.In the first part, the random microstructure of a Cauchy medium is considered. Solving the auxiliary problem on multiple realizations can be very costly due to constitutive phases exhibiting not well-separated characteristic length scales and/or high mechanical contrasts. In order to circumvent these limitations, our study is based on a mesoscopic description of the material, combined with information theory. In the mesostructure, defined by a filtering framework, the fine-scale features are smoothed out.The second part is dedicated to gradient materials which induce microscopic size-effect due to the existence of microscopic material internal length(s). The random microstructure is described by a newly introduced stress-gradient model. Despite being conceptually similar, we show that the stress-gradient and strain-gradient models define two different classes of materials. Next, simple approaches such as mean-field homogenization techniques are proposed to better understand the assumptions underlying the stress-gradient model. The obtained semi-analytical results allow us to explore the influence on the homogenized properties of the model parameters and constitute a first step toward full-field simulations
Dabholkar, Bhupen Dilip. „Étude numérique des systèmes à N corps contraints“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents computational studies of three different models of many-body physics with direct or indirect constraints. The presence of constraints in complex many-body systems calls for non-trivial numerical algorithms to study them. The first two models which have a direct form of local constraint are the Rokhsar-Kivelson Quantum Dimer model (QDM) and a classical statistical mechanics model of non-intersecting loops with attractive interactions, both on the square lattice. The investigations of such constrained models have found a recent resurgence with their direct realizations on Rydberg atom arrays quantum simulators. The study of the classical model uses a Monte Carlo directed loop algorithm while the QDM calls for a novel Quantum Monte Carlo scheme based on the framework of Stochastic Series Expansions called the Sweeping Cluster Algorithm (SCA). We present a modification of the SCA in order to render simulations fully ergodic at finite temperature. For both models, our numerical studies show the existence of a critical phase separated by a phase transition at finite temperature to an ordered phase of dimers or loops which spontaneously breaks certain lattice symmetries. We show that for the case where the interaction is attractive this phase transition is of Kosterlitz-Thouless type and can be understood by constructing a coarse-grained field theory through a height mapping. The finite temperature phase diagram of the QDM presents an unusual re-entrance behavior in the critical phase. The final part of this thesis deals with the role of non-abelian symmetries in the thermalization process of quantum many-body systems. We study the high-energy eigenstates of a SU(3) symmetric spin chain in presence of disorder. While the model does not directly have constraints, we perform exact diagonalization in a constrained basis of Young tableau making use of the full SU(3) symmetry of the model. By looking at the commonly used probes for thermalization (spectral statistics, distribution of local observables and scaling of entanglement entropy), we show that the model exhibits a non-ergodic regime over a broad range of system sizes for strong enough disorder, contrasting with the rapid thermalization observed at weak disorder
Lachheb, Monia. „Modèles du corps et modèles pédagogiques à travers l'éducation physique et sportive tunisienne contemporaine“. Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe research is about epistemological basis of body models transmitted by the Tunisian educational system and the pedagological models used in order to make concrete its intentions. The analysis of legislative texts related to this discipline of teaching and the ethnographic description of pedagogical practises show that the sporting body constitutes the privileged corporal ideal type that guides its axiological orientations. The didactic model reveals an obvious coherence between versant discursive and versant pragmatic proper to physical education. When the analysis considers the body as the starting point, it reveals that the corporality uniformed and normalised by the injunctions of this educational model is assimilated to an automate and interpreted with reference to a mechanical metaphor
Roccia, Jérome. „Densité de niveaux du problème a n-corps“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112136.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe investigate the many-body level density rho_MB for fermion and boson gases. We establish its behavior as a function of the temperature and the number of particules. We deal with correction terms due to finite number of particles effects for rho_MB : for fermions, it seems that it exists only one behavior whereas the case of bosons. Besides we propose a semiclassical expression of rho_MB for two types of particules with an angular momentum. It is decomposed into a smooth part coming from the saddle point method plus corrective terms due to the expansion of the number of partitions for two types of particles and an oscillating part coming from the fluctuations of the single-particle level density. Our model is validated by a numerical study. For the case of the atomic nucleus, the oscillating part of rho_MB is controled by a temperature factor which depends on the chaotic or integrable nature of the system and depends on the fluctuation of the ground state energy. This leads to consider in more detail this last quantity. For an isolated system, we give the general expression of the mean value for fixed potentials. We treat the self-bound system case through the example of the three dimensional harmonic oscillator (3DHO). Furthermore we study the oscillating part of rho_MB for bosons in the low temperature regime for billiards and for isotropic 3DHO. We note the oscillations disappear leading to a power law correction. In the case of the isotropic 3DHO, these corrections have the same order of magnitude as the smooth part. In the same way, for the high temperature regime we show the oscillating part of rho_MB is exponentially negligeable compared to the smooth part
Tzavala, Marilena. „Towards an improved description of spectroscopies for materials with localized electrons : Effective potentials and interactions“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX100/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to develop approximations to describe many-body effects in photoemission and optical properties of materials containing localized electrons. This is a tough problem. The full quantum-mechanical treatment is based on the solution of the Schrödinger equation for the many-body wavefunction, which is cumbersome and requires in practice some approximations. One simplified approach is given by Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the Kohn-Sham system of independent particles, but it is difficult to access properties other than the density and total energy. In this thesis we start from an in principle exact framework, the Green's functions. They are intermediate in complexity between DFT and the full wavefunction methods.For the removal or excitation of a localized electron one important point is to avoid self-interaction and self-screening. This is naturally achieved when one uses a generalized Coulomb interaction (Chap.3). Moreover, supposing that the localized electron has little overlap with the others, we can think that their interaction is classical. Then the main many-body effect is the reaction of the other electrons to the removal or excitation of the localized electron: this is screening of the hole or electron-hole pair by the other electrons. However, in many standard approximations in the Green's functions framework, such as GW or the cumulant expansion, screening appears in the linear response approximation. Instead, we can expect that the removal or excitation of a localized electron is a strong perturbation to the other electrons. Therefore, it could be that non-linear contributions to screening are important. How can we verify when this is true? And how can we include these effects? On the other hand, even in linear response one could do better than standard approximations, because the linear response screening itself is often calculated in the Random Phase Approximation (RPA). How much do things improve when one goes beyond the RPA but stays in linear response? We address these points in the thesis.Concerning the screening, in Chap.5 we first use a simple zero-dimensional model to study on one side, effects beyond the RPA within linear reponse and, on the other side, effects beyond linear response but staying within the RPA. Interestingly, we find that we have to treat both at the same time in order to find significant improvement. This means that we have to find promising ways to go beyond the RPA that are simple enough to allow us to go to the non-linear regime. Therefore we develop approximations based on perturbation theory and test some already existent ones in the model.Screening is expressed through the dielectric function, which gives us also directly absorption. This is another reason to study it. In order to be more realistic than the zero-dimensional model, in Chap.6 we study the dielectric function of a simple solid using localized Wannier functions. This allows us to highlight cancellations between self-energy and excitonic effects in the framework of Green's functions and from this derive a simple Kohn Sham exchange-correlation potential and kernel for Time-Dependent DFT (TDDFT).In Chap.7 we go back to the problem of non-linear screening and address the question: how can we make it appear explicitly in the full formulation? We show how to do this,and how to use the approximation of a localized electron in order to derive a cumulant Green's function beyond the standard linear response one. We propose two levels of approximations to evaluate the resulting expression in practice, and show some preliminary results. In both cases, TDDFT is used to describe screening.Since a combination of Green's functions and TDDFT seems to be a good strategy to simplify the many-body problem, Chap.8 contains some more considerations about possible combinations
LAFAGE, VINCENT. „Etats a plusieurs particules dans les collisionneurs electron-positron et photon-photon : techniques de calcul et effets d'une nouvelle physique“. Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112336.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenblidia, Mohamed. „Simulations numériques du comportement élastoplastique des monocristaux métalliques : comparaison de plusieurs formulations de l'anisotropie de l'écrouissage à l'échelle des microstructures de dislocations“. Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA132045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLani, Giovanna. „Vers une nouvelle méthode de calcul pour la fonction de Green à un corps“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00667923.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMattiussi, Julie. „L'apparence de la personne physique : pour la reconnaissance d'une liberté“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePhysical appearance is an important consideration in self-construction as well as in interpersonal relations. Law does not ignore this phenomenon but takes it into consideration through dispersed rules such as image reproduction right, aesthetical surgery, free clothing, ban on discriminations or civil and penal identification rules. But this scattering harms the readibility and consistency of positive law. To admit a persona! freedom over physical appearance would be an efficient remedy. Such a new freedom would acknowledge that free choice over persona! appearance is the principle and limitations the exception. As for any liberty, limitations would be allowed only if they aim to protect others interests. The current mies that limit persona) choices over physical appearance without being protective of others interest should then be deleted. Thereby the condition of psychiatrie diagnosis to access sex reassignment surgery should be removed as well as the anti-Burqa act. However, admitting the freedom over physical appearance would necessarily question the means of its integration in substantive law. In this perspective, a reflexion interrogating the ability of privacy right and human body protection to be the base of this new liberty and yet to ensure its longevity needs to be led
Idier, Déborah. „Modélisation d'un système de nucléons : Propriétés statiques et dynamiques ; fluctuations de densité“. Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCrepatte, Pierre. „Le professeur d'éducation physique et son rapport à l'éprouvé du corps : le plaisir du mouvement et la difficulté d'en parler“. Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE29026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWeiss, Pierre-Elie. „Simulation numérique et analyse physique d'un écoulement d'arrière-corps axisymétrique et application au contrôle des charges latérales“. Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMikulovic, Jacques. „La Réinsertion sociale et professionnelle des travailleurs handicapés chômeurs de longue durée : intervention sur le corps par les APA ( Activités physiques adaptées), pédagogie conative et redynamisation sociale“. Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON14009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDassonville, Bruno. „Etude experimentale des effets non-lineaires du mouvement de grande amplitude d'un corps faiblement immerge“. Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRieu, Nadine. „Les représentations du corps de personnes âgées vivant une déficience physique dans un centre de réadaptation québécois“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq26033.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaure, Nicole. „Approche neurochimique et pharmacologique des effets de l'exercice physique sur l'activité des voies glutamatergique corticostriée et dopaminergique nigrostriée ches le rat“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKotobi, Henri Keyvan. „Approche philosophique de la douleur dite "physique" : ou la dualité du corps et de l'esprit mise à mal... par la douleur“. Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010561.
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