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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Physicochemical methodology“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Physicochemical methodology"
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Franchini, C. A., T. L. Oliveira, W. G. Teixeira, A. Kuznetsov und C. A. Achete. „Phase separation methodology for physicochemical studies of soils“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 575 (06.01.2015): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/575/1/012037.
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DeWitte, Robert S., und Russell H. Robins. „A hierarchical screening methodology for physicochemical/ADME/Tox profiling“. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 2, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2006): 805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425255.2.5.805.
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Niemczewska-Wójcik, Magdalena, und Magdalena A. Osiewicz. „CONCEPT FOR AN ADVANCED TRIBOLOGICAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY“. Tribologia 301, Nr. 3 (30.11.2022): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1035.
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The conduct of research on advanced tribological systems in order to determine the best solutions in terms of the durability and reliability of technical objects containing these systems requires a multifaceted and comprehensive approach due to the complexity of tribological processes occurring during operation. Observation of these processes is complicated and limited due to the inaccessibility of the friction zone. Therefore, progress in improving tribological characteristics is mainly determined by developing laboratory test methods. From the point of view of describing the tribological properties of the surface layer, the geometric structure of the surface (shape, waviness, roughness and surface defects), the structure of the physicochemical zones (microstructure, mechanical properties, physicochemical properties), and the ability to properly interact with the lubricant should be taken into account. Studies of advanced tribological systems should therefore include two complementary test methods, i.e., friction wear tests and surface layer tests (as manufactured and as operated). This paper presents a concept for research on advanced tribological systems and a justification for conducting complementary research on these systems, referring to selected examples (processing tools, joint implants, and dental implants). The research results are examples which illustrate the essence of conducting complementary research.
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Basak, Bikram, Biswanath Bhunia, Suprabhat Mukherjee und Apurba Dey. „Optimization of physicochemical parameters for phenol biodegradation byCandida tropicalisPHB5 using Taguchi Methodology“. Desalination and Water Treatment 51, Nr. 34-36 (08.03.2013): 6846–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.770638.
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Angelopoulos, Panagiotis M. „Insights in the Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties and Characterization Methodology of Perlites“. Minerals 14, Nr. 1 (22.01.2024): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14010113.
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Perlite is a volcanic glass that, under thermal treatment, expands, producing a highly porous and lightweight granular material which finds application in the construction, horticulture, insulation and other industrial sectors. Proper control of the feed properties and the expansion conditions allows the production of purpose-oriented grades, while the primary evaluation of its appropriateness for use in each sector is performed by the proper characterization of relevant physical, thermal or/and mechanical properties. However, due to its extreme fineness, low density, and friability, most of the available characterization methods either fail in testing or provide erroneous results, while for certain properties of interest, a method is still missing. As a consequence, the way towards the evaluation of the material is rife with uncertainties, while a well-defined methodology for the characterization of the critical properties is of practical importance towards the establishment of a pathway for its proper analysis and assessment. This article presents the available methodology for determining the main properties of interest, i.e., the size and density, water repellency/absorption and oil absorption, the microstructural composition, crushing and abrasion resistance and isostatic crushing strength, and also sampling and size reduction processes. The issues raised by the application of existing methods are analyzed and discussed, ending up to a proper methodology for the characterization of each property, based on the long-term experience of the Perlite Institute. The study is supplemented by updated insights on ore genesis, physicochemical properties, mineralogical composition and the expansion mechanism, as background information for the sufficient comprehension of the nature and properties of perlite.
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Wan Sulaiman, Wan Syibrah Hanisah, Rashidi Othman, Nur Hanie Abd Latiff, Razanah Ramya und Farah Ayuni Mohd Hatta. „Physicochemical Properties for Toyyib Environmental Assessment on Lake Water Quality: A Mini Review“. Halalpshere 3, Nr. 1 (31.01.2023): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/hs.v3i1.67.
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As Malaysia strives to become industrialised, numerous water bodies are increasingly dumping grounds for chemicals, sewage, and pollutants. It is considered that pollutant substances are continuously channelled into water bodies and then transferred into organic and inorganic particles, nutrients, pesticides, and herbicides that directly affect the aquatic ecosystem. This paper aims to study the overview of physicochemicals properties for lake water quality in relation to Toyyib environmental assessment. Malaysian water quality assessments are based on several rules, including the National Lake Water Quality Criteria and Standard, Urban Storm Water Management Manual for Malaysia, and National Water Quality Index Standard. As a result of the transmission of physicochemical qualities, water contaminants inflict harm not only on aquatic ecosystems but also on the safe water for human use. These studies indicate the water quality measurements or parameters for assessing the water quality for the Toyyib environment and establish the list of physicochemical properties for water quality assessment on the lake. On the other hand, the methodology applied for each parameter was also studied and presented.
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Bartczak, Dorota, Julie Davies, Christian Gollwitzer, Michael Krumrey und Heidi Goenaga-Infante. „Changes in silica nanoparticles upon internalisation by cells: size, aggregation/agglomeration state, mass- and number-based concentrations“. Toxicology Research 7, Nr. 2 (2018): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tx00323d.
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Kędzierska, Magdalena, Piotr Potemski, Anna Drabczyk, Sonia Kudłacik-Kramarczyk, Magdalena Głąb, Beata Grabowska, Dariusz Mierzwiński und Bożena Tyliszczak. „The Synthesis Methodology of PEGylated Fe3O4@Ag Nanoparticles Supported by Their Physicochemical Evaluation“. Molecules 26, Nr. 6 (20.03.2021): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061744.
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Many investigations are currently being performed to develop the effective synthesis methodology of magnetic nanoparticles with appropriately functionalized surfaces. Here, the novelty of the presented work involves the preparation of nano-sized PEGylated Fe3O4@Ag particles, i.e., the main purpose was the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles with a functionalized surface. Firstly, Fe3O4 particles were prepared via the Massart process. Next, Ag+ reduction was conducted in the presence of Fe3O4 particles to form a nanosilver coating. The reaction was performed with arabic gum as a stabilizing agent. Sound energy-using sonication was applied to disintegrate the particles’ agglomerates. Next, the PEGylation process aimed at the formation of a coating on the particles’ surface using PEG (poly(ethylene glycol)) has been performed. It was proved that the arabic gum limited the agglomeration of nanoparticles, which was probably caused by the steric effect caused by the branched compounds from the stabilizer that adsorbed on the surface of nanoparticles. This effect was also enhanced by the electrostatic repulsions. The process of sonication caused the disintegration of aggregates. Formation of iron (II, III) oxide with a cubic structure was proved by diffraction peaks. Formation of a nanosilver coating on the Fe3O4 nanoparticles was confirmed by diffraction peaks with 2θ values 38.15° and 44.35°. PEG coating on the particles’ surface was proven via FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) analysis. Obtained PEG–nanosilver-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles may find applications as carriers for targeted drug delivery using an external magnetic field.
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Granato, Daniel, Jéssica Caroline Bigaski Ribeiro, Inar Alves Castro und Maria Lucia Masson. „Sensory evaluation and physicochemical optimisation of soy-based desserts using response surface methodology“. Food Chemistry 121, Nr. 3 (August 2010): 899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.01.014.
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Patrón Mejía, Carmelina, und Carlos Mario Durango Yepes. „Case Analysis: Financial viability for the commercialization of physicochemical testing services at the Antioquia Liquor and Alcohol Factory (ALAF)“. Cuadernos de Administración 37, Nr. 71 (08.10.2021): e2110690. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cdea.v37i71.10690.
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The purpose of this work is to evaluate the profitability of the market for physicochemical testing of alcoholic beverages, which the Physicochemical Laboratory of the Liquor de Antioquia Factory (FLA) intends to enter, according to the transformation in its legal nature. The methodology that includes the costing of the tests using cost accounting and the analytical procedures used by the laboratory. For the construction of the cash flow of the project for the sale of the physicochemical tests, it was necessary to search and consolidate information concerning the inventory of fixed assets of the laboratory and the entry of annual samples from the different areas of the FLA. The AutoRegressive Moving Average (ARMA) model is used as the demand projection method. The results reveal that, although restricted and specialized, the physicochemical testing market may generate, under certain scenarios, a return on investment that allows the self-sustainability, viability and competitiveness of the physicochemical laboratory over time.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Physicochemical methodology"
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Barman, Biraj Kumar. „Investigation of diverse interactions and inclusion complexation in different environment by physicochemical methodology“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2622.
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Kaminari, Agathi Anthoula. „Copy letters using iron gall inks : an historical and physicochemical study for the development of a forensic analytical methodology incorporating both chemical and non-destructive imaging techniques“. Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/28227/.
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This research is divided in two sections: The first one focuses on original historic documents, namely the copy letters of Heinrich Schliemann. Schliemann, a tradesman, who traveled frequently, but he was also involved in archaeological excavations in several different sites. Therefore, he maintained a thorough correspondence, but also kept a record of it by means of a copy press. Schliemann's outgoing mail extends to 43 volumes and, after careful examination of the entire archive, a selection of pages was studied and documented using nondestructive and hyperspectral imaging methods in the visible, ultraviolet and infrared region of the spectrum. This led to the classification of inks into groups of similar characteristics that can be linked to several factors, among others the inks' recipes. Ultraviolet Reflectance Photography helped in the distinction of the oxidation limits around ink characters. Infrared Reflectography distinguished between oxidation and diffusion of the ink's halo. Visible reflectograms helped to better distinguish the borders of inks. Ultraviolet Fluorescence Colour Photography detected the ink's oxidation halo clearly and more intense than Ultraviot t Fluorescence black and white Photography. False Colour lnfrared imaging differentiated inks based on their false colour in the infrared. In general, the combination of these methods can lead to differentiation of inks compared to each other into groups with similar optical behaviour. The documentation recorded the state of preservation of the document in a specific and given time. The images act as evidence of the actual existence of such an archive and as reference to future comparisons to verify if and when a change has occurred in the state of preservation of the copy letters. As access may be an issue for researchers in faraway lands, the documentation gave direct contact with the images of the archive. It revealed the different inks used during a 50 year timeline, adding helpful information in each era's preferences and availability of writing media. The second section is based on laboratory prepared samples. I n order to understand the copy letters, one has to go through the whole procedure of reproducing them. lron gall ink and copy ink recipes were sourced and used to manufacture inks. The inks were used to write on papers similar to the ones used in the end of the 19th century, and the copy press procedure was applied in order to produce copies. Non-destructive imaging and documentation was applied to the laboratory copies. The resulting images were compared with those of the originals and were able to locate, verify and resolve to the typical characteristics of inks on copies. This is of great importance to historians that come across documents and classfy them, but also to conservators, who need to know if it is a written or copied document in order lo chose the appropriate conservation treatment. The written and copied samples as well as the inks themselves were also analysed using chemical methods of analysis in order to study and to group inks with similar characteristics or differentiate them from each other. The analyses also proved that copied inks retain the characteristics of the original writing, thus making a comparison of copied and non-copied inks directly possible and also making feasible tracing inks back to their original recipe based on their morphology. Scanning Electron Microsopy at high magnifications proved that no matter what was the paper substrate, the morphology of the ink's surface remained the same even when it underwent the copy press procedure or had been transferred onto another paper. Also that inks from different recipes exhibit morphological characteristics that distinguished them in such an extent that can be classified as different. Fiber Optic Reflectance Spectroscsopy revealed that distinction of a copy from a written document is possible and that differentiation of inks can be achieved. Colour measurement of the tristimulous values of each ink led to their classification into groups. Inductively Coupled Plasma spectroscopy revealed much information regarding the ingredients of the paper substrate as well as the ink itself. Raman Microspectroscopy succeeded in proving that the analysed inks were iron gall inks, independently of the paper substrate or the state the ink e.g. before and after the copy press procedure or copy. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was performed on be samples depending on their physical phase liquid, solid and ink on paper and showed they can be identified as metal-gall inks. Two of the eight inks can be distinguished from the others. Using Attenuated Total Reflectance mode on inks on paper can indicate differentiation in the recipes. The paper substrate did not interfere in reading the spectra. Differentiation into separate categories could only be achieved by comparison of inks with each other. For a conservator it is very important to be able to classify materials found on objects as it helps in selecting the conservation treatment. Furthermore, inks can be grouped or differentiated due to specific characteristics; this will help historians, archivists and researchers in distinguishing the main text of a document from various additions and if so, also classify the additions based on the type of recipe, in different origins or eras.
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Dib, Omar. „Implementation of a physio-chemical approach coupled with a data fingerprinting methodology for the characterization of the Lebanese extra-virgin olive oils“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB004.
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L'huile d'olive est une composante vitale du régime méditerranéen en raison de sa valeur nutritionnelle et économique bien connues. Plusieurs facteurs environnementaux, agricoles et technologiques jouent un rôle important dans la définition de la qualité de l'huile d'olive. Au Liban, des études préliminaires ont montré que certains critères de qualité dépassent les valeurs seuils des normes éditées par le Conseil Oléicole International (COI) pour les huiles d’olive extra-vierges, dont les causes n'ont pas été identifiées. En conséquence, quatre-vingt-seize échantillons d'huile d'olive ont été récoltés sur deux saisons, traités en utilisant différentes méthodes d'extraction et collectés sur huit sites (Akkar, Chouf, Hasbaya, Koura, Tyr, Nabatiyeh, Zgharta et Hermel) à fort potentiel pour l’obtention d’une indication géographique protégée (IGP). Dans cette optique, les huiles extraites et/ou collectées, ont été soumises à une analyse chimique conventionnelle comme suggéré par le COI et à une analyse rapide en utilisant la spectroscopie de fluorescence 3D en mode frontal (3D-FFFS) et la chromatographie en phase gazeuse ultra-rapide (Ultra-Fast GC).Une corrélation entre le profil en acides gras et les conditions pédoclimatiques des principales régions oléicoles du Liban a été constatée. L'altitude, la température et l'humidité relative sont les principaux facteurs d’influence du profil d'acides gras. Les régions libanaises à haute altitude, à température moyenne basse et à faible humidité relative ont une teneur élevée en acide oléique. Les zones à basse altitude, à température moyenne plus élevée et avec une humidité relative plus élevée ont un profil en acides gras caractérisé par les acides linoléique, linolénique, palmitoléique et palmitique. Les facteurs agricoles, en particulier la date de récolte, affectent également les constituants majeurs et mineurs de l'huile d'olive. En effet, l'acidité et les polyphénols totaux étaient fortement influencés par celle-ci. De plus, une modification du profil d'acides gras caractérisée par une teneur en linoléique plus élevée, une teneur en oléique plus faible, une augmentation du ∆7-stigmasténol dépassant la limite fixée par le CIO et la présence de composés malodorants (dont l’éthanol) ont été observés lors de récoltes plus tardives. En outre, deux facteurs technologiques, notamment un stockage inadéquat des fruits et de mauvaises pratiques hygiéniques de fabrication, ont favorisé la lipolyse enzymatique du triacylglycérol du fruit modifiant de manière significative les profils d'arômes et d’acides gras de l'huile d'olive.La 3D-FFFS et l'Ultra-FGC ont toutes deux montré de très bonnes performances. La 3D-FFFS couplée à des techniques chimiométriques a été appliquée sur des qualités hétérogènes et dégradées d'échantillons d'huile d'olive libanaise afin de prédire les principaux paramètres physicochimiques de qualité. Ainsi, vingt-deux modèles de régression MLR basés sur les scores PARAFAC ont été générés, dont la majorité a montré un bon coefficient de corrélation (R>0,7). Un deuxième modèle, utilisant la PLS sur les matrices d'émission-excitation (EEM) dépliées, a conduit à des résultats similaires, avec une légère amélioration par rapport au modèle MLR. D’autre part, l’Ultra Flash GC a permis d’identifier en quelques minutes seulement (< 2 min) l'éthanol, le (E,E)-2,4-décadiénal (défaut organoleptique) et le 1-hexanol (fruité, herbeux) comme principaux volatils caractérisant la variété Soury.Cette étude offre la possibilité d’établir au Liban un plan de contrôle analytique qui lie les aspects environnementaux et les techniques de culture/récolte aux caractéristiques physico-chimiques de l'huile d'olive qui en résultent. Une telle matrice monitorée à l’aide de techniques d'analyse rapide facilitera la vérification de la conformité du produit final aux normes internationales. En outre, ce travail préparera le terrain grâce à une fiche d'identification détaillée pour l'IGPOlive oil is a vital component of the Mediterranean diet, hence Lebanese, owed to its well-known economic and nutritional value. Several environmental, agricultural, and technological factors play an essential role in defining olive oil's quality. In Lebanon, preliminary studies on the quality of extra virgin olive oil have shown that certain quality criteria exceed the International Olive Council's (IOC) standards. However, the causes of such non-conformities have not been clearly identified. Accordingly, ninety-six olive oil samples have been harvested from two seasons, processed using different extraction methods, and collected from eight locations (Akkar, Chouf, Hasbaya, Koura, Tyr, Nabatiyeh, Zgharta, and Hermel). These locations are identified by the European Union to have potentials for Protected Geographical Indications (PGI). In this perspective, and to meet the European framework's requirements, the analyzed oil will be subjected to conventional chemical analysis as suggested by the IOC and to ultra-fast analysis using 3D-front face spectroscopy (3D-FFFS) and ultra-flash gas chromatography (Ultra-FGC).A correlation between the fatty acid profile and the pedoclimatic conditions of the main olive growing regions in Lebanon was noticed. Three main pedoclimatic conditions, altitude, temperature, and relative humidity, were the major influencers and the reason for the distinctive fatty acid profile of the Lebanese olive oil. Lebanese areas with high altitudes, low average temperature, and low relative humidity have high oleic acid content. As for areas with lower altitudes, higher average temperature, and higher relative humidity, the fatty acid profile was characterized by linoleic, linolenic, palmitoleic, and palmitic acids. In addition to the environmental factors, agricultural ones, particularly the harvest date, had affected the chemical constituents of olive oil. The results obtained showed that the harvest date strongly influenced acidity and total polyphenols. A change in the fatty acid profile characterized by a higher linoleic and lower oleic content, an increase in ∆^7-stigmastenol exceeding the limit set by the IOC standards, and a dominating off-flavor compound (ethanol) was noticed as a result of delaying the harvesting time. Besides, two technological factors, particularly improper fruit storage, and bad hygienic practices, significantly affected olive oil’s quality parameters and fatty acid content.3D-FFFS and Ultra-FGC were used in-line with conventional analysis, and they both showed an undeniable performance. 3D-FFFS coupled with chemometric tools, namely multiple linear regression (MLR) applied on parallel factor (PARAFAC) scores and partial least squares (PLS), was tested on inconsistent qualities of olive oil samples to predict quality parameters. Twenty-two MLR models were generated, the majority of which showed a good correlation coefficient (R>0.7). A second model using PLS on the unfolded emission-excitation matrices was also conducted to improve the regression and assess whether the variability can be handled successfully. However, similar results, with a slight improvement over the MLR model, were obtained. As for Ultra Flash GC, it made it possible to identify, in only a few minutes (< 2 min), ethanol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal (organoleptic defect), and 1-hexanol (fruity, grassy) as the main volatiles characterizing the Soury variety.This study offers the potential to disseminate an analytical control plan that links environmental aspects in Lebanon and cultivation/harvesting techniques to olive oil's resulting physicochemical characteristics. Such a matrix incorporating rapid analysis techniques will facilitate governance over the end product's final quality and, subsequently, conformity to IOC standards. Furthermore, this work will set the ground through a detailed identification fiche for PGI
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Soares, Fabiana Andréia Schäfer De Martini. „Interesterificação química e enzimática de misturas de estearina de palma, óleo de coco e óleo de canola para formulação de margarinas com baixa concentração de isômeros trans“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9133/tde-27052015-111527/.
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O consumidor está cada vez mais consciente da relação entre dieta e doença, que tem impulsionado as pesquisas sobre alimentos funcionais e seus efeitos sobre o corpo. O papel dos óleos e gorduras na nutrição humana tem sido intensamente estudado e discutido por décadas. Tem sido enfatizada a importância da ingestão de ômega-3, ômega-6 e ômega-9 ácidos graxos redução de ácidos graxos saturados e, mais recentemente, controle da ingestão de ácidos graxos trans. Através da mistura e interesterificação química e enzimática de óleos e gorduras, gorduras trans-livre pode ser produzido. Mistura de gordura, foram formuladas por misturas ternárias de estearina de palma, uma gordura láurica (óleo de coco ou óleo de palmiste) e um óleo poliinsaturado (óleo de canola ou azeite de oliva) em diferentes proporções que foram interesterificadas. Neste trabalho, foram produzidos lipídios estruturados por interesterificação química e enzimática. A interesterificação química foi realizada nas seguintes condições: a 88 °C, 60 minutos de reação, 0,4% de catalisador metóxido de sódio, sob agitação e vácuo. A interesterificação enzimática, sendo realizada com duas lipases comerciais Thermomyces lanuginosa e Rhizomucor miehei, com seletividade sn-1,3. A interesterificação enzimática por batelada foi realizado seguindo um planejamento matriz central compósito rotativo em função da temperatura e da composição do meio, estearina de palma, óleo de palmiste e azeite de oliva e catalisado pelas lipases comerciais. O decréscimo do conteúdo de gordura sólida foi observado a 10 e 35 °C após a interesterificação. O biorreator contínuo foi operado nas seguintes condições: mistura de estearina de palma, óleo de palmiste, azeite de oliva (45:30:25), 10 gr de biocatalisador, 65 °C, com tempo de residência de 7 min e por 226 h para Thermomyces lanuginosa e 188 h para Rhizomucor miehei. A atividade do biocatalisador foi avaliada em termos da diminuição do conteúdo de gordura sólida a 35 °C, o qual é um parâmetro chave na produção de margarinas. O perfil de inativação do biocatalisador pode ser bem descrita pelo modelo de desativação de primeira ordem: meia-vida de 88 e 60 h foram estimados quando Thermomyces lanuginosa e Rhizomucor miehei, respectivamente, foram utilizados. Os óleos puros, as misturas originais e interesterificadas foram avaliados quanto à composição de ácidos graxos e triacilgliceróis, distribuição regioespecífica dos ácidos graxos nos triacilgliceróis, ponto de fusão e amolecimento, consistência, conteúdo de gordura sólida, comportamento de fusão e cristalização, estabilidade oxidativa, estrutura cristalina e polimorfismo. A interesterificação química e enzimática promoveram diminuição de triacilgliceróis trissaturados e triinsaturados e aumento dos monossaturados-diinsaturados e dissaturados-monoinsaturados, o que resultou no respectivo decréscimo dos pontos de fusão e amolecimento, consistência e conteúdo de gordura sólida, aumentando a plasticidade das gorduras. As curvas de fusão e cristalização das misturas foram modificadas pela alteração da composição dos triacilgliceróis pela interesterificação química e enzimática. Estabilidade térmica e a temperatura de oxidação da estearina de palma, óleo de coco e óleo de canola e suas misturas foram dependente da composição de ácidos graxos e independente da interesterificação química. Os resultados mostram que a interesterificação química e enzimática oferecem uma ferramenta útil para a concepção de gorduras com sintonizáveis propriedades físico-químicas, melhorando em relação a esse das gorduras de partida.The consumer is becoming more aware of the relationship between diet and disease, which has driven the research on functional foods and their effects on the body. The role of fats and oils in human nutrition has been intensively studied and discussed for decades. It has been emphasized the importance of intake of omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids, reduction of saturated fatty acids and, more recently, control of intake of trans fatty acids. Through the blend and interesterification of oils and fats, trans-free fats can be produced. Fat blends, formulated by ternary blends of palm stearin, lauric fat (coconut oil and palm kernel oil) and polyunsaturated oils (canola oil and olive oil) were done in different ratios. In this work, were produced by chemical and enzymatic interesterification. Chemical interesterification was performed under the following conditions: at 88°C, 60 minutes reaction times, 0.4% sodium methoxide, under agitation and vacuum. For enzymatic interesterification being carried out with two commercial lipases Thermomyces lanuginosa e Rhizomucor miehei, with selectivity sn-1,3. Batch enzymatic interesterification were performed, following central composite rotatable designs (CCRDs) as a function temperature and media of palm stearin, palm kernel oil and olive oil formulation and catalyzed by a commercial immobilized lipase. A decrease in all SFC values of the blends at 10 °C and 35°C was observed upon interesterification. The bioreactor operated continuously: mixture of palm stearin, palm kernel oil and olive oil (45:30:25, wt %), at 65 °C, at a residence time of 7 min and for 226 h to Thermomyces lanuginosa and 188 h to Rhizomucor miehei.. Biocatalyst activity was evaluated in terms of the decrease of the solid fat content at 35 °C of the blends, which is a key parameter in margarine manufacture. The inactivation profile of the biocatalyst could be well described by the first-order deactivation model: Half-lives of 88 and 60 h were estimated when Thermomyces lanuginose and Rhizomucor miehei, respectively, were used. Pure oil, the original and interesterified blends were examined for fatty acids and triacylglycerols composition, regiospecific distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols, melting and softening points, consistency, solid fat content, thermal behavior, oxidation stability, crystalline microstructure and polymorphism. Chemical and enzymatic interesterification caused reduction of trisaturated and triunsaturated and increase in monosaturated-diunsaturated and disaturated-monounsaturated, lowering the initial melting and softening points, consistency and solid fat content, increasing plasticity of fats. Melting and crystallization curves were significantly modified by changing the composition of triacylglycerols by chemical and enzymatic interesterification. The thermal stability and oxidation temperature of palm stearin, coconut oil and canola oil and their blends were dependent on fatty acid composition and independent on chemical interesterification. The results show that the chemical and enzymatic interesterification provides a useful tool to design fats with tunable physicochemical properties, improved compared to that of the starting fats.
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Quisefit, Jean-Paul. „Physico-chimie de l'aerosol volcanique : modelisation thermochimique du refroidissement des emanations de haute temperature“. Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077143.
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Les prelevements sur l'etna (1978-86) et le momotombo (1985-86) sont effectues a l'aide d'impacteurs en cascade fractionnant l'aerosol en 6 classes granulometriques puis analyses par pixe et sfx. Le comportement en fonction de l'activite volcanique des elements constitutifs et des elements volatiles est etudie. La modelisation thermochimique dynamique realisee permet de conclure sur les mecanismes de generation d'origine haute temperature et la modelisation thermodynamique avec ou sans apport d'air permet de conclure sur les principales voies de condensation du gaz de haute temperature evoluant naturellement
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Ma, Ya-Sheng, und 馬亞聖. „Study on Optimization of Extrusion Process for Physicochemical Properties and Applications of Citrus Pomace Fibers Using Response Surface Methodology“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9ygqs5.
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碩士國立高雄海洋科技大學
水產食品科學研究所
102
Orang (Citrus sinensis L. cv.) and calamondin (Citrus microcarpa Bonge) are important agricultural crops in Taiwan. After processing, a great quantity of pomace was produced. Pomace is rich in dietary fiber. It is worthwhile to deeply investigate the development and utilization of the pomace by different processing. The study was to investigate the optimization of extruded pomace derived from orange and calamondin using response surface methodology. Tested extrusion variables were barrel temperature (115C, 125C, 135C), moisture contents (10, 14, 18 g/100 g) and screw speed (230, 290, 350 rpm). Soluble dietary fiber content in each treatment group serves as an evaluable index to obtain optimal conditions. Meanwhile, the effect of extrusion processing on physicochemical properties of extrudates as well as in vitro physiological tests such as glucose absorption, cholesterol micelle solubility capacity and bile acid binding capacity of extrudates were also evaluated. Finally, the use of optimal extrusion conditions would further develop a high-fiber bakery product with nutritional function, and investigate its quality. The results showed that soluble dietary fiber content of extrudates was significantly influenced by above three variables. From calculation of regression equation, it showed that optimal extrusion condition: barrel temperature, moisture content, and screw speed of extruded orange pomace is 131.6C, 16 g/100 g and 304.8 rpm, respectively; while barrel temperature, moisture content, and screw speed of extruded calamondin pomace is 128.5C, 15.6 g/100 g , 298.1 rpm, respectively. The soluble dietary fiber contents of orange and calamondin pomace were 17.3% and 24.6%, respectively before extrusion. Processing conditions increased soluble dietary fiber content up to 29.8% and 40.0%, respectively for orange pomace and calamondin pomace. These pomace processed by single extruder significantly (P < 0.05) change the physicochemical properties such as bulk density, water-retention capacity, swelling property, cation-exchange capacity, water solubility index, dispersibility, emulsification activity, and gelation property in which they had higher properties than those before extrusion. The results of In vitro experiments indicate that orange and calamondin extrudates than the cellulose and non-extruded pomaces could effectively retard glucose absorption. Orange and calamondin pomace after extrusion was found to significantly (P < 0.05) decrease the amount of intact cholesterol-micelle than those without extrusion processing. Increased addition of extruded pomace into bread formulation resulted in decreases of total area and specific volume as well as increases of cell area and hardness. The substitution of extrude pomace into bread formulation at the level of 5% significantly (P < 0.05) influences the bread color, but sensory evaluation has indicated that the bread product are acceptable to the target audience. In conclusion, oranges and calamondin pomace by extrusion processing than those without extrusion, had good physicochemical properties and physiological functions in vitro.
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Santos, Mauro Diogo Batista dos. „Evaluation of hyperbaric storage as a novel food preservation methodology for raw meat versus refrigeration“. Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/30165.
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Lately, an increasing number of hyperbaric storage (HS) studies has been
observed, since HS could become an alternative or a complement to
refrigeration (RF) due to the promising results for food preservation.
This work aimed to study the HS methodology up to 60 days, for raw fresh
meat preservation, pork and bovine (minced and in pieces), at a room like
temperature and at a temperature below it in order to be used as an alternative
to RF or a complement to it, respectively, being for that the results compared to
the traditional RF.
Throughout the work it was possible to observe the HS feasibility for microbial
growth control at RT from 75 MPa and at 10 °C from 50 MPa, both for 60 days
of storage. Moreover, it was verified that generally not only microbial growth
was inhibited but also microorganisms could be inactivated over time.
Regarding inoculated Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua, HS was also
capable to inhibit its growth, and additionally led to its inactivation over storage.
Several physicochemical parameters were studied, being generally not affected
by HS or affected in a similar way as samples stored at RF. For instance, pH
was better maintained at HS conditions than in RF, as well as colour
differences were similar between HS and RF. It was also observed for the
higher pressure levels used, mainly 100 MPa at variable RT a tendency of
lower and higher moisture and drip loss values, respectively, over storage.
The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) results demonstrated that
HS could potentiate the increase of secondary lipid oxidation products,
however when HS was coupled to low temperatures, in this case 60 MPa/10
°C, the results obtained were very similar to the ones obtained in RF.
The fatty acid and volatile organic compounds profiles were also studied being
observed that although 75 MPa/25 °C preserved better the initial profiles than
RF, 60 MPa/10 °C revealed to be the best storage condition since the initial
values could be better maintained than in RF. Moreover, when samples were
analysed regarding enzymes activity, generally pork meat in pieces revealed a
decrease of enzymes activity alike RF over storage, while minced bovine meat
presented higher activity values for HS conditions than for RF, not being
observed differences between both HS conditions.
Although minor differences were observed on texture of cooked meat
preserved by HS and RF for the same storage period, 60 MPa/10 °C
demonstrated an equal to better meat preservation characteristics compared to
the initial sample. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed that 75
MPa/25 °C could lead to smother muscular fibres and a less individualized
organization.Ultimamente, tem-se observado um número crescente de estudos relacionados com o armazenamento hiperbárico (AH) devido à possibilidade deste se tornar uma alternativa ou um complemento à refrigeração (RF) pelos promissores resultados na conservação de alimentos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo do AH até 60 dias na conservação de carne fresca de suíno e bovino (picada e em pedaços), à temperatura ambiente (TA) e a uma temperatura inferior a esta, de forma a ser usado como uma alternativa ou um completo, respetivamente, à RF, sendo posteriormente os resultados comparados com os obtidos na RF convencional. Ao longo do trabalho foi possível observar a viabilidade do AH no controlo do crescimento de microrganismos à TA variável a partir de 75 MPa e a 10 °C a partir de 50 MPa, ambos até 60 dias de armazenamento. Foi também verificado que, no geral, não só o crescimento de microrganismos foi inibido, como também estes foram inativados ao longo do tempo. Em relação à Escherichia coli e Listeria innocua inoculadas, o AH foi capaz não só de inibir o seu crescimento como também de as inativar ao longo do armazenamento. Vários parâmetros físico-químicos foram estudados, não sendo afetados na generalidade pelo AH ou sendo afetados de maneira similar como na RF. Por exemplo, o pH foi mais bem preservado em AH do que em RF, assim como as diferenças de cor foram similares entre AH e RF. Foi também observado que para níveis de pressão mais elevados, principalmente 100 MPa à TA variável, se verificou uma tendência para valores mais baixos e mais altos de moisture e drip loss, respetivamente, ao longo do armazenamento. Os resultados das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) demonstraram que o AH pode potenciar o aumento dos produtos secundários de oxidação lipídica, no entanto quando utilizado a baixas temperaturas, neste caso 60 MPa/10 °C, os resultados mostraram ser semelhantes aos obtidos em RF. Os perfis de ácidos gordos e compostos orgânicos voláteis foram também estudados sendo observado que apesar de 75 MPa/25 °C preservar melhor esses perfis que a RF, 60 MPa/10 °C demonstrou ser a melhor condição de conservação uma vez que os valores iniciais foram mais bem mantidos. Quando as amostras foram analisadas relativamente à atividade enzimática, no geral, a carne de suíno em pedaços revelou uma diminuição da atividade enzimática como a RF, enquanto que a carne de bovino picada apresentou maiores atividade enzimáticas em AH do que em RF, não sendo observadas diferenças entre as duas condições de AH. Apesar de se verificarem diferenças mínimas na textura da carne cozinha após conservação por AH e RF para o mesmo tempo de conservação, 60 MPa/10 °C demonstrou ser igual ou melhor na conservação das características iniciais da amostra. As imagens de microscopia eletrónica de varrimento revelaram que 75 MPa/25 °C pode levar a uma aparência mais suave das fibras musculares e uma organização menos individualizada.
Programa Doutoral em Ciência e Tecnologia Alimentar e Nutrição
Bücher zum Thema "Physicochemical methodology"
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Directorate, Canada Technology Development, und Canada Environment Canada, Hrsg. Guidance document on collection and preparation of sediments for physicochemical characterization and biological testing. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada, 1994.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Physicochemical methodology"
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Le Luu, Tran. „Application of Response Surface Methodology in Physicochemical Wastewater Treatment“. In Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, 169–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00808-5_40.
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Quadros, Mural, Munira Momin und Gunjan Verma. „Implications of Synthesis Methodology on Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Hydroxyapatite“. In Handbook on Synthesis Strategies for Advanced Materials, 617–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1803-1_15.
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Presle, Morgane, Daniel Trias und Sébastien Boileau. „Methodology and Physicochemical Characterization Techniques Used for Failure Analysis in Laboratories“. In Reliability of High-Power Mechatronic Systems 2, 221–40. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-78548-261-8.50007-3.
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Duca, Gheorghe. „Mathematical modeling of chemical processes in the environment“. In Redox Processes with Electron and Proton Transfer, 19–25. Moldova State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/prtep20232_01.
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The present paper describes the methodology and emphasizes the effectiveness of mathematical modeling in chemistry and the environment for representing and analyzing the behavior of complex chemical systems. Differential equations and other mathematical relationships help researchers gain a deeper understanding of chemical interactions and processes under various environmental conditions. The chapter also presents modeling of pollutant migration in aquatic environments. These models take into account factors such as water flow velocity, physicochemical properties of pollutants, and interactions with sediments and biota.
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Treadway, Judith L., und Jeffrey E. Pessin. „Receptor characterization“. In Peptide Hormone Action, 43–72. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199630707.003.0002.
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Abstract Characterizing the structural and functional properties of peptide hormone receptors is generally an important first step in determining the molecular mechanism of hormone action and transmembrane signalling in intact cells. In this chapter we give the procedures for isolating and purifying peptide hormone receptors from various tissues and cells, as well as characterizing the physicochemical properties of these receptors. We have focused primarily on methodology for insulin and IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor-I) receptors, with the intent that this information can be applied to other peptide hormone receptor systems as well.
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Balasubramaniyan, Malathi, Abdul Azeez Nazeer, Vimalraj Vinayagam und Sudarshana Deepa Vijaykumar. „Smart Theranostic Applications of Metal Nanoparticles Against Cancer“. In Handbook of Research on Nano-Strategies for Combatting Antimicrobial Resistance and Cancer, 319–36. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5049-6.ch016.
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Metals such as silver, gold, and copper were used in ancient times for their medicinal properties. When these metals are converted to nanoparticles, they show unique and advanced physicochemical and biological properties due to their enhanced surface to volume ratio. Hence, these properties are utilized by researchers to develop highly specific diagnostic tools as well as a therapeutic agent against cancer. Cancer is a complex disease-causing desolation and death. Early detection and treatment is the only way to evade mortality. This chapter focuses on metal nanoparticles used as a theranostic agent against cancer. It summarizes the synthesis methodology along with their advantages, drawbacks and characterizations. Their recent application in diagnosing and treating cancer has also been highlighted.
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Morteza Naghib, Seyed, und Hamid Reza Garshasbi. „Analytical Methods in the Characterization of Green Nanomaterials“. In Green Plant Extract-Based Synthesis of Multifunctional Nanoparticles and their Biological Activities, 30–65. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815179156123010003.
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A new class of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for various diseases has been made possible by advancements in polymeric nanoparticles as innovative nanomedicines. Although there are many benchtop studies in the nanoworld, their application to already marketed goods is still in its infancy. Problems with nanomedicine characterization cause this lack of transference, among other things. Three nanoscale characterization approaches may be distinguished: physicochemical property characterization, biological interactions of nanomaterials, and analytical characterization and purification procedures. Physical qualities may be assessed using a variety of methods in many situations. Choosing the best appropriate method is made more difficult by many advantages and disadvantages of each methodology; frequently, a combinatorial characterization approach is required. Scientists from many domains must find answers to the difficulties in reliable characterization of the nanomaterials after their fabrication and various systematic stages.
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Ezekeil Bwadi, Benjamin, Mohammed Bakoji Yusuf, Ibrahim Abdullahi, Clement Yakubu Giwa und Grace Audu. „Analysis of Ground Water from Selected Sources in Jalingo Metropolis, Nigeria“. In Water Quality - Factors and Impacts [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99082.
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Water is very significant in the development of a stable community, but many societies are confronted with the challenges of poor wastes management system with indiscriminate waste disposal and bad land practices, which easily pollute water sources and consequently degrade water quality. This study was to analyze the physicochemical properties of ground water from multiple point sources in Jalingo, Taraba state of Nigeria. Water samples were collected from twenty seven (27) sites from the study area during the raining and dry seasons. The analysis was carried out to determining the physico-chemical properties of the ground water and comparing with the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water. The physicochemical properties of ground water analyzed include; odor, taste, temperature and electrical conductivity were tested in the field using water meter tester. Whereas pH, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, salinity, iron, manganese, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, sulphate and dissolved oxygen were analyzed in the laboratory using Wagtech potable water testing equipment. The physical properties of water analyzed were temperature, odor, taste, and turbidity. Whereas the chemical properties of water analyzed were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, hardness, salinity, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), fluoride (F−), nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−), Chloride (Cl−), sulphate (SO42−), dissolved oxygen (DO).The result shows the range of the mean values of the temperature(26.7–33.1) oC, p H(6.5–8.9), Fe (0.01–0.08 mg/L), NO3−(0.01–38.5 mg/l), NO2−(0.01–0.09 mg/l), Mn (0.01–0.17 mg/l), F(0.01–0.82 mg/l), alkalinity(39-204 mg/l), salinity (42-508 mg/l), SO4(14-93 mg/l), total dissolved solids (6–637) mg/l, turbidity(0.4–10.6 mg/l), hardness(48-187 mg/l), and fecal coliforms(1–4)fcu/100mi, dissolved oxygen(1.1–6.87)mg/l, EC(10.99–1066)ohm/cm, Cl (10-320 mg/l). All except alkalinity and hardness are within the WHO permissible standards of quality drinking water. The highest alkalinity (204 mg/l), hardness (187 mg/l) and low dissolved oxygen (6.87 mg/l) attributed to the high concentration of dissolved salts and basic cations in the water. The methodology applied in the study was effective in analyzing the physicochemical properties of water in the study area. Therefore, it was recommended that there should be frequent water source testing by stakeholder in water resources with the view to treating the water. Policy maker should also enforce the regulation of the use of chemical fertilizers, agro-chemicals and the indiscriminate waste disposal.
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Sério, Maria Eduarda, Bianca Pazinato, Fábio Luiz Vieira Frez, Marina Melliny Guimarães de Freitas, Natally Marques da Silva, Alinne Karla dos Santos, Joice Camila Martins da Costa et al. „Chia seed mucilage: Extraction methods and potential application in food matrix“. In Exploring the Field of Agricultural and Biological Sciences. Seven Editora, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevened2023.001-001.
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Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a herbaceous plant native to southern Mexico and northern Guatemala, with a high nutrient content and technological properties. Currently, its seed has stood out, since it has 5 to 6% soluble fibers, which are exuded when the seeds are placed in water, forming a transparent capsule around the seeds. The extraction of chia mucilage involves three processes: hydration, extraction, and drying. The amount of mucilage extracted can be affected by several factors related to extraction conditions, such as chia ratio: water, extraction temperature, hydration time, agitation, and separation. In addition, its incorporation into food contributes to sensory and physical characteristics, with regard to texture, stabilization, formation of gels and emulsions, volume, inhibition of syneresis among other factors. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze studies that differ with regard to the extraction methodology, in addition to the application of this gel in food products. The review was carried out in July 2023, on the Periódicos CAPES electronic platform of scientific articles, which used chia mucilage as a substitute for commercial additives in foods. The selected articles were published between 2018 and 2023 and the following terms were used for the search: "mucilage", "chia", "applications". In the studies analyzed, it was possible to observe a variation in yield of 3.4 to 8.5% depending on the methodology used by the authors, which shows the relationship in the change of the variables: seed/water, time, temperature, and use of ultrasound. Regarding the application of mucilage in food formulation, the analyzed studies provided good results in the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of food products.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Physicochemical methodology"
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Gupta, Vishan Kumar, Avdhesh Gupta, Mukesh Kumar Singh, Ashutosh Gupta und Ankit Tomar. „Toxicity Detection Methodology of Adverse Outcome Pathways using Physicochemical Properties and Machine Learning Approaches“. In 2023 4th International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/incet57972.2023.10170360.
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„Optimization of Physicochemical Parameters for Enhanced P-Nitrophenol Biodegradation by an IsolatedMicrobial Consortium Using Response Surface Methodology“. In Dec. 15-16, 2022 Istanbul (Turkey). Dignified Researchers Publication, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/dirpub13.dir1222209.
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Fuentes, Ana, S. Verdú, C. Fuentes, R. Grau und J. M. Barat. „Reducing sodium content in dry-cured pork loin. A novel process using water vapour permeable bags“. In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7627.
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The objective of the present study was to test the feasibility of a new salting-curing process using water vapour permeable bags to obtain a reduced sodium dry-cured loin. The process was applied with and without partial substitution of sodium chloride by potassium chloride. The developed methodology allows to obtain a dry-cured pork loin with partial sodium substitution similar to the product without reduced sodium content, regarding to their physicochemical parameters, texture and colour. The results indicated that the new process allowed to obtain a cured meat product with 50% less sodium and similar characteristics than the traditional products.Keywords: sodium replacement; water vapour permeable bags; dry-cured loin; salt content; physicochemical parameters .
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Keci, Erjola, und Vanela Prifti. „Water Quality Status in the Erzeni River, Albania over the Period 2014–2019 and Prospective Towards the Achievements of EU WFD Objectives in Its Basin“. In 8th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2022.307.
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Erzeni River flows through two of the most developed regions of Albania: Tirana and Durrës. Due to the concerns about potential pollution resulting from increased human activities in its basin the major driving forces and pressures were identified and the quality of the river’s water was assessed based on an evaluation of physicochemical parameters based on monitoring data over the period 2014 – 2019. Based on data analysis, the evaluation of the overall water quality status has been carried out. The assessment of the physicochemical parameters measured, and the use of the Water Quality Standards methodology show a deterioration of water quality, however, this remains moderately good. A more precise quantification of pressures and consequent evaluation of impacts, though feasible, requires significant amounts of good quality data, much of which is not currently collected in Albania. Significant improvements in data collection and coordination between competent authorities will be required as part of future measures.
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Xiang, Qingan, Jian Deng, Dahuan Zhu, Xiaoli Wu, Jinsheng Bi, Baowen Chen, Rong Cai, Libo Qian und Yugao Ma. „Stratification and Heat Transfer of Molten Corium Pool for In-Vessel Retention“. In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16742.
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Abstract In-vessel retention (IVR) consists in cooling the molten corium contained in the lower head of reactor vessel by natural convection and reactor cavity flooding. The general approach which is used to study IVR problems is a “bounding” approach which consists in assuming a specified corium pool stratification in the vessel and then demonstrating that the vessel can cope with the resulting thermal and mechanical loads. Thermal loading on the vessel is controlled by the convective heat transfer inside the molten corium pool. Traditionally molten corium pool in the lower head was expected to stratify into two-layer with the dense oxide pool at the bottom and the light metal layer on the top. Based on the MASCA experiments, the increased density of the metal layer attributed to a transfer of uranium metal leads to inverse stratification with a heavy metal layer relocating below the oxide pool. This behavior can be explained by physicochemical interaction between the oxidic and metallic phases of the corium pool. Therefore, a methodology which couples physicochemical effects and thermal hydraulics has been developed to address the IVR issue. The main purpose of this paper is to present this methodology and its application for calculate stratification probability of two-layer and three-layer configuration, analyze the safety margin of IVR in two-layer and three-layer configuration, and evaluate the lower head heat thermal failure probability.
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Lucas-Aguirre, J. C., G. Giraldo und R. M. Cortes. „Optimization of the spray drying process for the obtaining of coconut powder (Cocos nucifera L.) fortified with functionally active compounds“. In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7307.
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Abstract The objective of this work is to contribute to the generation of a significant advance of the coconut agroindustry in Colombia, for which the process of spray drying was optimized to obtain coconut powder added with functionally active components (CP+PAC) (calcium and vitamins C, D3 and E), food that is framed in the context of functional foods. Initially, the behavior of the physicochemical properties of the coconut during storage at a temperature of 25ºC was evaluated. Then the base emulsion was designed, determining the influence of the composition of emulsions based on coconut milk, on its physicochemical stability, the answer surface methodology was used with a central composite design, considering the independent variables: water/coconut ratio; xantan gum; coconut fiber; terbutilhidroquinona. Subsequently, it was experimentally optimized according to the operating characteristics of the dryer and the product, using a response surface design based on five independent variables: Maltodextrin, air inlet temperature, air outlet temperature, atomizer disk speed and vacuum pressure in the drying chamber. Finally, the stability of the PC+PAC properties was evaluated, using a factorial design based on the independent variables: storage temperature, storage time and packaging. Keywords: coconut, colloidal system, deposit formation, yield, vitamins.
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Xiao, Ming, und Benjamin Adams. „Development of experimental methodology of investigating the relative and interactive effects of physicochemical properties of permeating fluids on incipient motion of granular particles“. In The 8th International Conference on Scour and Erosion. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375045-139.
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Geranpour, Mansoureh, Zahra Emam-Djomeh und Gholamhassan Asadi. „Microencapsulation of pumpkin seed oil by spray dryer under various process conditions and determination of the optimal point by RSM“. In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7332.
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The objective of this research was to microencapsulating the pumpkin seed oil (PSO) by the spray dryer and also investigating the effects of some process conditions on physicochemical properties of PSO microparticles. Inlet drying air temperature (140-180 ͦC), aspirator rate (55-75%), and peristaltic pump rate (5-15%) effects were studied. Moisture content (%W.b.), Microencapsulation Efficiency (MEE, %) and Peroxide value (POV, meq/kg sample) considered as model responses. Consequently, the ideal drying state for microencapsulation of PSO as a result of optimizing by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) determined with the aim of minimizing the Moisture content and POV and maximizing the MEE. Keywords: Microencapsulation; spray dryer; pumpkin seed oil; optimization; RSM.
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Sevcenco, Yura A., Andrew P. Crayford, Richard Marsh, Philip J. Bowen, Michael N. Miller und Mark P. Johnson. „Evaluation of a Particulate Sampling Methodology From a Gas Turbine Exhaust Using Real-Time Size and Number Analysis at Simulated Aircraft Conditions“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23415.
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Two differential mobility spectrometers (DMS 500) were used to measure particulate size distributions and particulate matter losses in the exhaust of a simulated gas turbine combustor test rig. The rig is a stable gas turbine combustor simulator providing particles of physicochemical properties analogous to real aircraft engines. The rig ran at three operating conditions, giving a range of organic to elemental carbon distributions, allowing different aerosol compositions to be formed for comparison and analysis of transport losses. Smoke number from a recognised filter stain method and gas analysis of the exhaust were also taken to prove representative engine conditions. The two instruments were separated by 10m of heated stainless steel sample line and a range of transitional to turbulent flow rates from 19L/min to 64L/min were utilised for the comparative analysis. The aerosols showed measureable transport losses dependant on organic fraction, while flow rate showed substantial effects dependent on the flow state within the line. Comparisons made to the particle transport loss model from United Technologies Research Center show agreement in trend losses relative to size distribution of the particulate matter, but with losses being higher than predicted.
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Maria Peixoto Chrispim, Zélia, Kariny Alves de Sousa Santos, Thaíss do Rosário das Chagas, Tatiana Salema Marques Portella und Frank de Souza Pavan. „Evaluation of potability of water consumed by residents of the Lagoa de Cima region“. In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Exatas & Engenharias, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/885x331120212343.
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The research is directed towards the study of water quality, specifically, of the residents who live in the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of Lagoa de Cima, in Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ. Water is a primordial resource for the survival of all living beings, but when it comes to human beings, some care is needed in relation to its potability. Unfortunately, not everyone has access to portable water or even adequate treatment for it, which can lead to health problems in the future. This work aimed to evaluate the quality of water that is consumed by residents living in the urban center of São Benedito, which is located in Lagoa de Cima. Regarding the methodology, the following procedures were carried out: collection of bibliographic and documentary data, such as: ordinance, theses, articles, pre-existing “shapefiles” from Lagoa de Cima and the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes; systematic review; collection of water samples from shallow wells for physicochemical and bacteriological analyses, map generation with spatialized water samples and elaboration of tables. According to the results obtained from the bacteriological analyses, the presence of total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms was found in some samples. Among the physicochemical parameters analyzed, pH, Fe and Mn are in disagreement with the consolidation ordinance of Nº. 5/2017. Thus, it can be concluded that it is necessary that the public authorities provide assistance to the local population in relation to water quality