Dissertationen zum Thema „Physico-Chimie des matériaux“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Physico-Chimie des matériaux" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Jaudouin, Olivier. „Physico-chimie de matériaux à base d'élastomères modifiés hyperélastiques“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.biu-montpellier.fr/florabium/jsp/nnt.jsp?nnt=2012MON20036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this PhD work is to replace current gloves of gloveboxes used in nuclear area by elastomer discs which could take the shape of the arm of an operator and come back to their original shape when the arm is removed. The goal of the work is to design and study a material meeting the following specifications: at least 2 000 % strain at break, very high elastic properties, tear and radiation resistant. A bibliographic study showed that the most relevant materials are thermoplastic elastomers. As a consequence, two kinds of these materials were formulated. First ones are thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers. The influence of stoichiometric ratios and different chain extenders on mechanical properties was studied. These materials are too viscous to match the specifications but an interesting linear relation between flow stress and viscosity ratio was observed. Second ones are Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene copolymers (SEBS). Studies on the influence of the process and incorporation of plasticizers, nanoparticules or polyurethane were carried out. It was highlighted that the process strongly influences mechanical properties and addition of nanoparticules or polyurethane can increase some of these properties. On the whole, the materials developed are very close to these of hyperelastic materials
Faucon, Pascal. „Durabilite du beton : physico-chimie de l'alteration par l'eau“. Cergy-Pontoise, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CERG0020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBakkar, Assil. „Conception de matériaux moléculaires commutables intégrant l'unité photochrome diméthyldihydropyrène“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV032/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the design of molecular multifunctional photoswitchable systems incorporating dimethyldihydropyrene (DHP) photochromic unit and with their implantation and characterization in switchable devices.We show that a tetra pyridinium-appended DHP derivative displays interesting photoswitchable optical properties, emission and excitation fluorescence and electronic communication. Combining DHP pyridine-substituted ligand with porphyrin complex via axial coordination enhances the photoinduced DHP ring-opening reaction. Additionally, associating photoresponsive DHP unit with electron-responsive transition metal complexes confers additional redox properties to the resulting hybrid system. The DHP core photo-isomerization proceeds much more efficiently when the metal complexes and the DHP moiety are connected through pyridinium-bridge vs phenyl bridge. The resulting systems are used for the conception of new multi-addressable photo- and redox- switches. These assemblies are applied for the design of photoswitchable coordination polymers developed in solution or immobilized onto ITO. Photochromic films based on Zn2+ exhibit conductance properties that can be tuned optically and thermally according to the photostate of the photochromic unit. The DHP core associated with a pyrene entity and immobilized onto carbon nanotube electrode via -stacking acts as a switchable material. Finally, we report the possibility of controlling 1O2 production by light irradiation or by heating, of an ITO surface functionalized by pyridinium-substituted DHP derivatives. In the presence of dioxygen, this DHP derivative plays the role of an O2 sensitizer. The photogenerated 1O2 reacts with the open-ring isomer to afford the corresponding endoperoxyde species which then releases 1O2 thermally
Mourougou-Candoni, Nadine. „Détection et Physico-chimie d'Objets Uniques“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653247.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLonchampt, Pierre. „Physico-chimie des interactions triacylclycérols-matériaux poreux en filtration hydrophobe : approche thermodynamique et spectrométrique“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007313.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEssoumhi, Abdellatif. „Céramiques conductrices ioniques de type NaSICON : élaboration par chimie douce et caractérisations physico-chimiques“. Toulon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUL0018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the synthesis and characterizations of NaSICON-type ionic conducting ceramics of general formula Na1^xM2->Six. 4,P:. X__. 0:: \vith 1. 8 < x < 2. 2 and 0 < y < x/4. New compositions have been synthesized Tvv:;h complete substitution of zirconium by hathium. Syntheses were made using the sci-gei method; the synthesized precursors have been characterized by coupled TDA-TGA technique. The oxides obtained after precursors pyrolysis were identified using XRD technique. A study of sintering was carried out using dilatometry in order to select the most adapted thermal cycle to these ceramics. After sintering the oxides, the obtained ceramics have been characterized from their electric conductivity point of view. The complex impedance spectroscopy enabled us to differentiate the conductivity related to the grains from the conductivity related to grain boundaries and to reveal the influence of porosity towards total conductivity. The results highlight that these new ceramics conductivity is remarkable, compare to the values of total conductivity at 300K (about 10~4 S. Cm"!) published in the literature for other NaSICON-type materials
Chabas, Elodie. „Rôle de l’alumine sur les évolutions physico-chimiques de matériaux du système CaO-Al2O3“. Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EMSE0565/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe scientific problem of this work focuses on the role of alumina parameters on physico-chemical changes of materials of the CaO-Al2O3 system. The objective of this study was to identify the parameters of alumina affecting the physico-chemical interactions within the system CaO-Al2O3 in order to optimize the mechanical behaviour of conventional refractory concrete in the temperature range 800-1200°C. The conventional refractory concretes are composed of heterogeneous aggregates of tabular alumina and a cement matrix, this one consisting of clinker and fine alumina. The temperature zone between dehydration and ceramization is not studied so much in the literature. The methodology adopted, because of the complexity of this kind of materials, has been modelling materials "models" to control the microstructure and to take into account the influence of one parameter at a time and establish relationships between the parameters of development, microstructure and mechanical properties.The first part of this work has studied the intrinsic properties of the binding phase, and has highlighted parameters of alumina (specific surface area, morphology, and impurities) having an influence on the microstructural parameters improving reactivity and mechanical strength of the cement matrix. The CA2 content and the degree of homogeneity of the system are the two main parameters that improve the reactivity of system. A good reactivity of the cement matrix improves this mechanical strength by the effects of microstructure caused by the reactive sintering. It has been shown that these kinds of microstructural parameters are obtained for alumina with high surface area and alumina containing soda or silica. A statistical model has been developed in order to predict the mechanical behaviour of cementitious matrices with the selected alumina. These studies, confronted with results from the literature, confirmed that the calcium aluminates are formed by diffusion of Ca2+ to the alumina through the calcium aluminates rich in lime. The second part of this study highlights the interactions between cement matrix and aggregates of tabular alumina, and put forward the formation of interphases between the two constituents. These interphases are especially significant and cohesive for cementitious matrices composed of alumina rich in silica and soda with a high specific surface area, for lime-enriched matrices (with the same A/C), and for matrices with controlled dimensional variations. In this study, we have identified drivers to optimize the material properties of the system CaO-Al2O3 in the intermediate temperature range 800-1200 °C
Chabas, Elodie. „Rôle de l'alumine sur les évolutions physico-chimiques de matériaux du système CaO-Al2O3“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573752.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBellot-Gurlet, Ludovic. „De la source aux techniques. Méthodologies d'analyses élémentaires et structurales et physico-chimie de matériaux du patrimoine culturel“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00540472.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrançois, Matthieu. „Matériaux composites C/C pour le freinage aéronautique : Elements de compréhension des régimes de frottement et d'usure haut et bas“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECDL0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the field of aeronautical braking, steel is gradually replaced by carbon/carbon (C/C) composite. These materials are very sensitive to the conditions of braking and exhibit high or low friction and wear regimes. This study agree on the existence of these different regimes during simulations of a whole takeoff/landing operation. We determined coefficients of friction and wear rates relating to each of these regime and the evolutions of rubbing surface and wear debris which are associated to each of them. Simulated experiments of identical brakings highlighted the correlation between these regimes and phenomena of surface polishing and specific mechanisms of agglomeration, compaction and ejection from the contact of third body. We propose a dynamic model of wear mechanisms during takeoff/landing operations. However a purely mechanical approach of the C/C composites tribology is not sufficient. The physicochemical study of the debris showed the difference of quantity, nature and relative proportion of the various oxygenated species in the debris. This study highlighted the contribution of specific oxygen groups to the tribological response of the C/C discs
Julien, Jérôme. „Modélisation multi-échelles du couplage physico-chimie mécanique du comportement du combustible à haute température des réacteurs à eau sous pression“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX11077.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the Pellet-Cladding Interaction (PCI) problems of a fuel rod, it is necessary to adopt a good description of the thermomecanical behaviour of the fuel. When the fuel is subject to fluctuations in power, one of the main strains is due to the phenomenon of gaseous swelling induced by irradiation. Indeed, fuel is a porous ceramic of U02 containing several types of cavities and the accumulation of fission products in gaseous form in these cavities causes swelling of the pellet. However, this gaseous swelling has an influence on the mechanical behaviour of the pellet and particularly the viscoplastic behaviour. To improve the description of this behavior, it was necessary to develop a micromechanical model capable of coupling two phenomena modelled independently : the transfer of gas between the various cavities and the estimation of mechanical viscoplastic strains of the fuel. This thesis is to link these two disciplines from the cavities present in the fuel: mechanics calculates changes in the volume fraction of cavities according to their pressure and physical reflects the evolution of the volume fraction of cavities to calculate an internally consistent pressure. In order to describe a microstructure much richer, a new micromechanics model was developed using a multi-scale to describe the viscoplastic behavior of nuclear fuel
Larreur-Cayol, Steeves. „Attaques des matériaux cimentaires par les acides organiques des effluents agricoles et agro-alimentaires : mécanismes d'altération et performance des liants“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3258/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAgricultural and agro-food effluents such as silage juices, slurries and whey are very aggressive media for concrete structures (storage silos, production facilities, etc. ). These effluents, with complex and variable compositions, are responsible for acid attacks on concrete. Effluents contain a wide variety of organic acids (acetic, oxalic, tartaric, citric, etc. ). The objectives of this work were (i) to analyze the degradation mechanisms of cementitious matrices by organic acids and to demonstrate the links between the physic-chemical properties of acids, their salts and their aggressiveness (ii) identify the chemical and mineralogical parameters of the matrices that influence their durability in these environments. The work carried out an experimental phase and a modeling phase using the HYTEC chemistry / transport coupled code. In the laboratory, the cement pastes were immersed in aggressive solutions consisting of acids taken as mixtures or mixtures. In modeling, a database of physical and thermodynamic data relating to organic acids and their salts was created. The work made it possible to demonstrate that the alteration mechanisms are linked to the solubility of the calcium salt of the acids. Experimental and modeling approaches have yielded similar results in terms of relative aggressiveness for different acids
Gomez, Herrero Ana Cristina. „Vers une architecture moléculaire organométallique bidimensionnelle par chimie d'interface“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCompared to inorganic two-dimensional materials (e.g. graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides), organic two-dimensional materials are all synthetic materials, that additionally have a more complex structure inherited from their building blocks. A richer set of properties is for this reason expected from them, and their production should be unexpensive.In this thesis manuscript we present our work on two strategies toward the formation of such organic two-dimensional, or at list ultrathin organic sheet materials. These strategies rely on interfacial chemistry, on one hand at the vacuum/solid interface, and on the other hand the liquid/liquid interface. The first strategy is based on surface science tools (scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoemision and absorption near-edge spectroscopies, density functional theory) and addressed triphenylene derivative molecules experiencing chemical modifications on the well-defined (111) surface of copper. Although we did not yet manage to prepare an extended two-dimensional material in this system, we discovered that the molecules get catalytically oxidized and concomitantly change in shape, surface organization, and interaction with the substrate. We establish that the fully-oxidized molecules are stronger electron acceptor than most known molecules. The second strategy is based on in-solution synthesis and more versatile characterization (UV-visible and Raman spectroscopies, optical and electron microscopies). It exploits dynamic imine bond chemistry starting from ruthenium(arene) monomers, to form polymeric organometallic nanosheets that are conveniently manipulated and can for instance be suspended across membrane
Lahbabi, Mohammed. „Contribution à la physico-chimie de matériaux calciques : Réactivité des gypses résiduaires et leur intérêt dans l'élaboration de nouveaux ciments sulfatés, structure et magnétisme dans les ferrites de calcium CaFe3O5 et CaFe4O6“. Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10516.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLozano, Flavien. „Elaboration de matelas à base de fibres de verre par voie humide“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlass fibre - based mats produced by a wetlaid process have industrial applications as a battery separator and insulation materials (core of vacuum insulation panels). These materials are mainly made with sub-micron fibres which relatively expensive and can present a risk to health. This project is a contribution to the production of glass fibre-based mats by a wet-laid process to add value to coarser fibres, the final product should respect precise specifications. We have been led to study the behavior of glass fibers in different stages of the process and to characterize the resulting mats. We investigated especially the physico-chemical behavior of aqueous suspensions of glass fiber. We have characterized structure properties, the mechanical resistance to traction, the compressibility and the thermal conductivity of fibrous mats. The experimental work has allowed us to give a formulation of the optimized composition and operational conditions of the process so that the final mattress conforms to the specifications. This new composition includes reinforcement fibres in small quantities. It allows improving the mechanical characteristics without affecting the other properties. Finally, we quantified the production costs and compared them to those of the process currently used with coarse fiber (dry-laid production).Keywords: Paper engineering, physical chemistry, porous media, glass fibre, characterization
Mohgouk, Zouknak Louis David. „Optimisation d'oxydes métalliques pour la réalisation d’électrode en adéquation avec le matériau photosensible dans l'infrarouge“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOver the past few decades, the development of zero-dimensional (0D) materials or quantum dots (QDs) has grown significantly. Among these materials, lead sulphide (PbS) QDs have received particular attention due to their outstanding properties, including tunable optical absorption from 600 to 2600 nm. PbS QDs are considered to be one of the most promising materials for the next generation of infrared sensors. There is therefore growing interest in their use in industrial applications. When these materials are integrated into optoelectronic devices, they require the use of efficient charge extraction electrodes, as well as a transparent electrical contact in the IR for better performance. In this thesis work, we studied the properties of hole extraction electrodes (HTL) based on transition metal oxides and the transparent electrical contact based on In2O3 (TCO or transparent and conductive oxide) prepared by sputtering. These studies were initially carried out on individual layers of TCO and HTL. Characterisation of the TCO films showed that hydrogen doping can improve their optical properties in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (the region of interest for the targeted applications). Secondly, in order to fabricate photodiode structures, they were integrated onto a film of PbS QDs deposited on an electrode optimised for electron extraction and transport. Appropriate characterisations have shown that ultra-thin NiOx films can be better alternatives to the MoOx layers traditionally used as hole extraction and transport materials on PbS QD films
Hollestelle, Charlotte. „Valorisation de co-produits végétaux de l'industrie agro-alimentaire pour la stabilisation d'émulsions Clean-Label“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe valorization of vegetal by-products from the agri-food industry, in the form of crude powders (untouched by chemical modification), offers a promising alternative to conventional emulsifiers, aligning with the increasing consumer demand for Clean-Label products while advancing sustainability goals to reduce food waste. This study aims to investigate and assess the potential of vegetal by-product powders as a renewable source of unprocessed ingredients for stabilizing emulsions. The evaluation process involves three main phases: 1) initial screening to identify three co-products representing major biomass categories; 2) Multi-scale mechanistic study of emulsion stabilization mechanisms by vegetal powders with a focus on the structuring of hybrid oil-water interfaces; and 3) a multi-criteria modeling approach to correlate desired emulsion properties with key formulation and processing parameters. The findings underscore the inherent synergy between soluble and insoluble fractions, emphasizing the significance of valorizing by-products in their unprocessed state. Hypotheses regarding emulsion structuring were proposed after decoupling and quantifying the effects of composition and process factors. Formulation aid tools were developed to design tailor-made emulsions using a reverse engineering approach. The thesis introduces a unique method of heterogeneity engineering to promote the sustainable use of unrefined ingredients for emulsion stabilization
Courleux, Alice. „Physico-chimie des échanges matrice/renfort dans un matériau composite acier/TiC“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642978.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMille, Caroline. „Amélioration du dosage des protéines neurodégénératives par un contrôle des propriétés de surface du puits de dosage“. Le Mans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LEMA1036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmar, Mouhamadou Al Amine. „Traitement des sédiments de dragage pour une valorisation dans les matrices cimentaires“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10154/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn France, construction sector annual needings for granular materials are close to 400 million tonnes, of which 96% are natural origin. Therefore it becames highly necessary to find alternatives solutions, in particular by valorisation of industrial by-products (IBP) such as dredging sediments. Marine sediments are designated as a secondary raw material in this study. However, the latter may present some levels of pollution, with the presence of organic matter (5% to 30%), relatively high water content (50% to 200%) and a fairly fine granulometry (≤ 300 µm). Currently, research target to use them as a supplementary mineral addition in concrete after efficient methods of treatment that improve some physico-chemical properties. The aim of this this study is to establish a profitable methodology for the use of sediments in cementitious matrix. We first lead a bibliographical review on this subject. At the experimental level, a physico-chemical characterization was carried out, determining the major parameters to be considered, the effects of the treatment on material properties, the likely impact of the presence of sediments in the cementitious matrix, and an experimental methodology to quantify these various effects. The cementitious materials formulated will be analysed and characterized at four scales: physico-chemical, mechanical, durability and the environmental impact. An analysis of the mechanical results makes possible to assess the activity of this material and to implement adapted formulation laws
Harada, Nao. „Élaboration de couches minces d’oxydes dopées terres rares par CVD pour les technologies quantiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLC029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work was carried out within the framework of the European SQUARE project, which aims to demonstrate functionalities in the field of quantum technologies using doped earth-rare oxide materials. The ambition of this thesis is to establish the first building blocks for the future development of quantum computers and memories as well as the scaling up of these components. In this context, the longest possible optical coherence times, i.e. the time during which quantum information is maintained, are targeted. I worked more specifically on the yttrium oxide (Y2O3) matrix doped with europium ions (Eu3+) in the form of thin filmson silicon. The synthesis technique developed is direct liquid injection chemical vapour deposition (DLI-CVD), which allows great flexibility in composition and processing. The deposition conditions have been optimised to allow the production of polycrystalline thin films of very good purity and crystal quality, leading to solid solutions of (Y(1-x)Eux)2 in a wide range of doping. The optical properties of the rare earth ions in this matrix were studied by high resolution spectroscopy. For doping of 2% Eu, inhomogeneous linewidths of nearly 20 GHz and homogeneous linewidths, measured by the spectral hole burning technique, of 10 MHz, could be demonstrated, which are to our knowledge the lowest obtained for sub-micrometer thin films. These values are nevertheless higher than those reported for materials of equivalent composition in the form of bulk crystals or nanoparticles. Despite the benefits of this thin film platform, specific decoherence-inducing defects exist, and it will be necessary to identify and reduce their presence. This work paves the wayfor very interesting prospects for the use of these materials in hybrid structures or optical resonators for communications or quantum information processing
Zapata-Massot, Céline. „Synthèse de matériaux composites par co-broyage en voie sèche. Caractérisation des propriétés physico-chimiques et d'usages des matériaux“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7699/1/zapata_massot.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeyni, Abdoulaye. „Propriétés physico-chimiques et d'usage de matériaux composites à charge dégradable produits par co-broyage“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7820/1/seyni.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpeyer, Lucie. „Élaboration de mousses de graphène par voie solvothermale et modification de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0120/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGraphene-based materials have attracted a great interest these last years, due to their outstanding properties. In particular, graphene foams offer a part of the properties of graphene, combined with a high surface area: they show great potentiality in some application domains such as energy. This thesis work is focused on the elaboration of graphene foams by a solvothermal-based process, an original method involving a solvothermal reaction between an alcohol and sodium, followed by a thermal treatment. The study of the compounds produced by the solvothermal reaction and the pyrolysis under a nitrogen flow was lead through multi-scale and complementary characterization techniques: mechanisms of formation of the solvothermal compound and graphenic foams have been proposed. The optimal conditions of pyrolysis were also determined, and provide the obtaining of graphene foams with a high structural quality and a large specific surface area. Furthermore, some types of post-elaboration treatments were carried out: notably, a vacuum annealing significantly improves the structural quality and the purity of the samples. Lastly, the modification of the physico-chemical properties of the foams through the chemistry of carbon materials intercalation has been studied. Graphene films were prepared from the intercalated foams and their electrical properties were evaluated
Gregoire, Sylvain. „Etude et optimisation de la méthode LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) pour l'identification de matériaux organiques appliquée au recyclage des plastiques et à la conservation du patrimoine“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062281.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarcoux, Louis. „Étude des caractéristiques physico-chimiques de composites fonctionnalisés polymère/silice mésostructurés“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29636/29636.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBao, Zhaohui. „Croissance épitaxiale, caractérisation structurale et études magnétiques de couches minces d'UO2“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe have investigated structural and magnetic properties of epitaxial UO2 andUO2/Fe3O4 thin films fabricated by reactive DC-sputtering. The UO2 layer grew commensurately on LaAlO3 substrate with epitaxial relationships of (001)UO2 Î (001)LAO and <100>UO2 Î <110>LAO. Due to the pseudomorphic growth which extended up to 45 Å, a strain (Á) of about 2% were introduced into the UO2 epilayer. A partial relaxation process was observed for films thicker than 500 Å. The large mosaic affects strongly the magnetic properties. Rosonant X-ray scattering studies revealed that the Néel temperature remained at 30.8 K. However, a small reduction of TN is expected at tuo2 ~ 50 Å. The second-order phase transition was found for films with thickness between 181 and 4500 Å. Using the Bernhoeft plot, the thickness of the magnetically ordered phase was estimated. The pseudomorphic part was magnetically inactive. The exchange bias studies confirmed this result. For the first time, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant of UO2 was found to be about 1 x 107 erg/cm3
Kamgang, Noubissi Jean Omer. „Modification des propriétés physico-chimiques et décontamination des surfaces de matériaux par plasma d'arc glissant d'air humide“. Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn food industries and hospitals, hygienic problems often results from biofilm formation. These sessile microbial are known to be particularly resistant to antimicrobial compounds. To limit the impact of such unwanted structures, it is possible to prevent bacterial adhesion, or, thereafter, to kill adherent cell. Plasma involve the productions of highly reactive species and can be efficient in both strategies. In that context, we've designed a new operating technique exploiting the properties of humid air produced by gliding arc at atmospheric pressure. Experimentally, a 2. 5 minutes treatment of testing materials induces an increase of their surface hydrophily. By modifying their properties, the “glidarc” treatment also modified the adhesion behavior of Staphilococcus epidermidis. This adhesion increases whatever the material employed. Also, “glidarc” treatment of sessile microbial induces a total destruction of 106 UFC. Cm-2 of attached cells and 107 UFC. Cm-2 of biofilm
Prone, André. „Etude de matériaux soumis à divers facteurs environnementaux : apport de la microscopie et de l'analyse physico-chimique“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMayen, Laëtitia. „Etude physico-chimique d'une nouvelle famille de matériaux mixtes ortho- et pyro-phosphates de calcium à visée biomédicale“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30222.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work concerns the study of an amorphous hydrated calcium and sodium mixed ortho- and pyrophosphate materials which present an interest for biomaterial application in the case of bone regeneration due to the presence of orthophosphate ions (elementary brick of biological apatite formation) and pyrophosphate ions (hydrolysis phenomenon at low pH or by enzymatic activities in bone tissue). These materials are synthesis using soft chemistry protocol including a solution-gel transition and then to a solid state. The objective of this thesis is to study the effect of different synthesis parameters in order to determine the formation mechanism of the original materials and to describe their structure. In fact, we studied the effect of relative composition of initial solution on phosphate precursor (various ranges of molar ratios of ortho- and pyrophosphates) and the drying temperature effect during the last step of the synthesis protocol on the composition of the composition and the structure of the final material by using several complementary characterizations and at various scales (XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, GTA/DTA, solid-state NMR and chemical analysis). Firstly, we showed that it is possible to control the composition of the final material using the composition of the initial phosphate precursor solution. The extreme compositions (100% pyro- and 100% ortho-) lead to a more or less crystallized phase such as a-canaphite and nanocrystalline apatite, respectively. On the other hand, all materials synthesised with an intermediate composition of phosphate precursor solution (mixed ortho- and pyro-) are amorphous and their compositions were used to propose a general chemical formula for theses amorphous hydrated calcium and sodium mixed ortho- and pyrophosphate materials. It has been possible to clarify certain hypotheses, such as the inhibitory effect of the pyrophosphate ions on the calcium orthophosphate crystallization (and vice-versa), which control the final structure of the material (amorphous or crystalline) and this control can be extended to a large range of composition. The solid-state NMR and the TEM highlight the colloidal formation of the materials and it can be relevant to compare them with Posner cluster model. In a second part, we showed that the drying temperature is a key parameter to control the hydration state of these materials but we can also use this parameter to understanding the internal hydrolysis reaction of the pyrophosphate ions into orthophosphate ions in the final material.[...]
Morvan, Myriame. „Caractérisation des odeurs de matériaux de l'habitacle automobile par "nez électronique", analyse sensorielle et analyse physico-chimique“. Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT026G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDussaussoy, Benjamin. „Application des tensioactifs biosourcés à la remédiation des sols pollués aux hydrocarbures“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2605.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding transport and interactions of bio-based surfactants in porous medium is a main issue in environmental applications, in particular for the control of the soil washing remediation process. The objective of this work is to study the role of the physical heterogeneity and hydrodynamics of the medium as well as the impact of the properties of surfactant molecules on the mechanisms of transport and retention of surfactants in a saturated porous media,A progressive product selection process has allowed a preselection of the products available on the market (twelve surfactants). These were analyzed and characterized in the laboratory. Then, tracer experiments and injection of surfactant solutions were carried out at laboratory column scale with two porous media with distinct properties and using the three surfactants having the best potential for the soil washing application. They were compared to Triton XIOO, a petroleum-based surfactant, a reference in soil remediation field.In order to characterize the flow in porous media, a non-reactive solute was used as a water tracer. Numerical simulations were performed using the HYDRUS-ID code to model the flow and estimate the transport and deposition parameters of surfactants. These results made it possible to put forward hypotheses on the mechanisms of interaction between the surfactants, the hydrophobic pollutant and the porous medium, thus they lead to a better understanding o the process and to the improvement of its efficiency
Bouquet, Françoise. „Relations entre les propriétés physico-chimiques de surface de l'acier AISI 304 après différents traitements et le comportement mécanique d'assemblages collés“. Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD475.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMolina, Émilie. „Matériaux hybrides mésoporeux fonctionnalisés par des polymères : élaboration, caractérisation physico-chimique et applications biomédicales“. Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMesostructured hybrid materials were prepared by using original silica-structuring agents, which are polyion complex (PIC) micelles. A great advantage of PIC micelles is that they can be reversibly assembled in aqueous solution by varying physico-chemical parameters. PIC micelles are formed by electrostatic complexation between a neutral-anionic double-hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC) and an oppositely charged agent of micellization; here a poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(acrylic acid) PEO-b-PAA (synthesized by controlled radical polymerization by atom transfer ATRP) and commercial polyamines (oligochitosan OC or aminoglycoside antibiotics) were respectively used. First, the influence of various parameters (pH, temperature, concentration) on PIC micelle association properties was investigated in aqueous solution. Then, the effect of these parameters on the silica mesostructuring process was studied, it provides a better understanding of the formation mechanisms. It was shown that varying interactions between constituents allows to control the mesostructure (hexagonal, lamellar, wormlike) and the material morphology (nanoparticle, microparticle). Finally, the versatility of the approach has been demonstrated with PEO-b-PAA/aminoglycoside systems. Drug-loaded ordered mesostructured materials were prepared following a one-pot route. Moreover, taking advantage of the high degree of functionality of DHBC polymers and of the reversibility of the micellization, polyacid-functionalized mesoporous materials were directly prepared by selectively extracting the micellization agent. PAA-functionalized silica materials were then used to complex diverse active entities such as drugs, whose delivery could be pH-controlled
Rolland, Leslie. „Propriétés physico-chimiques de capsules d'hydrogel à coeur liquide“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919083.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAyed, Abderrahmen. „Méthode d'étude mécanique et physico-chimique de l'interface acier béton“. Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30329.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLavielle, Nicolas. „Fabrication de nanofibres et nanoparticules de biopolyesters pour la libération contrôlée d'un composé modèle“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThemeli, Andrea. „Etude du potentiel d'emploi des bitumes naturels dans la production des liants bitumineux durs et des enrobés à module élevé“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to study the potential of a natural bitumen (NB) mined in Albania in the production of hard bitumens (HB) and that of high modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC). Various petroleum refining techniques are available for the production of HB. Nevertheless, this is impossible with some crude oils. In addition, HB from refineries often present shortcomings which limit their applications. These reasons, coupled with practical issues related to HB supply, motivate the research of alternative methods. In this industrial context it is interesting to use NB. This study has shown that the Albanian NB provides HB and HMAC in accordance with European Standards, resistant to aging and relatively performant at low temperatures. The proper dosage of this NB allows the formulation of materials of desired properties, in response to the technical requirements of the considered road applications, facilitating in this way the use of bitumen stocks in asphalt concrete production plants
Dinh, Thi Thanh Xuan. „Etude expérimentale et numérique de l'approche physico-chimique pour le matériau cimentaire soumis au dioxyde de carbone (CO2)“. Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EVRY0019/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToday, the durability of structures in cementitious materials is an important factor in the areas of civil engineering and industrial engineering. It is influenced not only by mechanical loads but also by the environment (pollution, rain ...). These influences become more important when one has to guarantee a service life of materials for a great period. The mechanism of chemical degradation of the cementitious material is a progressive decalcification over time in contact with aggressive environments (e.g. attack by chlorides, by sulfates, freeze-thaw cycles, alkali reaction). This degradation causes the variation in the porosity of the concrete that modifies the physico-chemical and mechanical properties. On the one hand, the change in porosity accelerates the transport of substances and causes an acceleration of the dissolution of hydrates (notably portlandite). Moreover, this induces a change in mechanical properties, especially shrinkage of carbonation. In addition, the mechanical stress creating microcracks that may be factors accelerating the process of chemical degradation. This work is carried out to study the physicochemical phenomenon of carbonation on cement-based materials such as mortars and cement pastes based on CEM I and CEM III. The main purpose of this study is to characterize experimentally and numerically the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) on the mechanical properties and durability of cementitious material. In the experimental part, we take into account some important parameters such as shrinkage, variation of porosity and variation of mass in terms of different concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2): 5%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 17%, 20%. The numerical model based on the physico-chemical approach by Bary and Sellier (2004) allows us to validate the parameters that influence the carbonation in cementitious material as rate of water saturation, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2), calcium ion concentration and porosity. This confirms that the transfer of carbon dioxide (CO2) in gas phase couple with transfers of liquid water and calcium ions Ca2 + in aqueous solution during carbonation
Pasco, Hélène. „When 19th century painters prepared organic-inorganic hybrid gels : physico-chemical study of « gumtions »“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS296.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMediums were used by painters in order to modify the texture and drying properties of their paint. During the 19th century, British artists developed a particular medium made of siccative oil, mastic resin and lead acetate trihydrate. The so-called “gumtions” form gel-like materials in a relatively short time, outperforming the existing paint media. This thesis contributes unveiling the chemical processes involved in the formation and ageing of gumtions. As a first step, we focused on mastic resin since it is a key component for the preparation of gumtion. The triterpenic fraction of the resin was identified and quantified using GC and GC/MS. Moreover, we took advantage of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry so as to study the optical properties of varnish thin films as well as their behaviour (swelling) under various atmospheres. Then, we reproduced historical recipes that helped us afterwards to define simplified formulations to deepen the understanding of the chemical interactions between the gel components, made of oleanolic acid (commercial triterpenoid) and a lead compound (acetate or oxide). They were investigated at dierent scales by spectroscopic (FTIR, MASNMR) and supramolecular analyses (Cryo-TEM, SAXS). The use of these complementary techniques gives an overview of the gel’s structure and formation: rapidly, a coordination complex is formed between lead and the carboxylic acid moieties of the triterpenoids, that organizeinto2Dobjectsleadingtothesolid-likebehaviorofthematerial. After few months ageing, we observed the self-assembly of crystalline nanoparticles into lamellar structures, witnessing the dynamic occurring in the material even after gelation.bly of crystalline nanoparticles into lamellar structures, witnessing the dynamic occurring in the material even after gelation
De, Bernardin Paolo. „Preparation and physico-chemical characterization of supramolecular fluoride receptors based on uranyl-salophen complexes incorporated within micelles“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209671.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellechallenging species to recognize in water.
Uranyl-salophen receptors have shown to be good receptors for this anion in organic solvents due to their hard Lewis acid character which makes them good binders for the hard Lewis base fluoride. However they are not water soluble.
The incorporation of uranyl-salophen receptors 1-3 within cationic micelles (CTABr and CTACl) will make them “water-compatible” and give us the possibility to study the behaviour of these system in water. The 3 receptors shown
in figure 1 were studied in this thesis. Preliminary work had already been reported on receptor 1 in CTABr micelles. Binding affinities studies showed that these receptors have binding constants for fluoride of the order of 104 M−1 which is two orders of magnitude higher than
the value obtained for the same receptors in a less competitive solvent such as methanol. This suggests that the micellar environment has an effect, not only on the solubility of the receptors in water, but also for the binding process.
Physico-chemical studies were undertaken on the system in order to obtain some structural informations. Dynamic Light Scattering experiments showed an increase in the size of the CTABr micelles upon receptor’s incorporation but not on the CTACl ones.
NMR studies, including chemical shift variation measurements, nOe and Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement (PRE) experiments, were undertaken in order to analyse the location and orientation of the receptors in the micelles. Results indicate that receptor 1 is located at the micellar surface, in CTABr micelles and a little deeper in CTACl micelles, orienting the receptors binding site towards the exterior of the micelle. Receptor 2 is more buried inside the micelles compared to receptor 1 but with a similar orientation. Receptor 3 is the most deeply buried
in the micelles, and the experiments suggests that no preferential orientation is adopted.
A systematic study of the factors affecting PRE measurements was also undertaken showing the dependency of this measurements on the surfactant concentration, the nature of the counterion and the ionic force. A method, based on the normalization of the relaxivity values to the value obtained for the micelle polar head is proposed in order to avoid all the variations due to the experimental conditions and thus enabling the comparison of different systems.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kassir, Mounir. „Modification contrôlée des propriétes cristallochimiques et physico-chimique de matériaux nanostructurés à base de TIO2 pour la maitrise des propriétés photocatalytiques“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0136/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProtecting the environment has become a major issue. The heterogeneous photocatalysis , photochemical advanced oxidation technology has the advantage of oxidizing many contaminants from water . The most commonly used catalyst is titanium dioxide (TiO2) for reasons of efficiency, stability and low cost of production. Our goal in this thesis is to better control the surface properties of the photocatalysts from two new concepts. The first is based on the control of the hydrophilic or hydrophobic character of the surface. The second is the use of clay as catalyst support or as a composite material. A first way is to control the surface to modify the graft of different organic molecules such as organosilanes such hexadecyltrichlorosilane ( HTS , hydrophobic ) and N- (6- aminohexyl ) aminopropyl - trimethoxysilane ( AHAPS , hydrophilic ) . Another way of controlling the surface of the titanium is immobilized on a support. The selected material is clay because of their large adsorption capacity and retention of pollutants. System preparation was carried out in two methods: the copreciptation and sol/gel. At the end of each part, a the photocatalytic tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the system developed
Evariste, Sloane. „Systèmes π-conjugués et assemblages supramoléculaires organophosphorés : synthèse et propriétés physico-chimiques“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S058/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript describes the synthesis and characterization of new molecular systems based on phosphorus atom: we developed and studied π-conjugated systems based on phosphole and secondly supramolecular assemblies with phosphine ligand have been studied. Firstly, an introduction to the phosphole chemistry (history, synthesis methods, integration into π-conjugated systems) is presented. The first chapter describes the synthesis and physico-chemical study of phospholes derivatives having an extended π-system for the development of orange-red emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Different molecular engineering involving the triple bond leads to modifications of the optical properties of the synthesized compounds by red-shifting their absorption and/or emission maxima. Chapter II describes the synthesis and the physical properties of complexes using phosphole based π-systems as linkers between two metal centers. New Fe (II), Pt (II) and Au (I) complexes have been developed and the electronic communication between the two metals is studied. The second part of the thesis work starts with a review on the emissive Cu(I) complexes. In Chapter III, are presented the syntheses, the structural and optical studies of new solid-state emissive supramolecular assemblies synthesized from pre-assembled Cu(I) molecular clips and stabilized by phosphine ligands (dppm or dpmp) with cyano ligands as linkers. Then in the final chapter new Cu(I) complexes are synthesized by using organic ligands with terminal nitrile functions as linkers. The solid-state luminescence properties of these new Cu(I) derivatives are studied according to their external environment and thermochromism, vapochromism and mechanochromism phenomena have been demonstrated for some of them
Houssein, Dania. „Micelles complexes de polyions à base de copolymères à blocs double hydrophiles et d’homopolyélectrolytes : Etudes physico-chimiques et applications à la synthèse de matériaux nanostructurés“. Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePolyion complex micelles, or "PIC micelles", formed by electrostatic interaction between a neutral-ionic double hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC) and an oppositely charged homopolyelectrolyte possess interesting properties: solubility of the polyelectrolytes in water, stability of micelles, control of the micellar association / dissociation by various stimuli (pH, ionic strength, light irradiation ...). In this thesis, the physico-chemical properties of PIC micelles of neutral-cationic DHBC/ anionic homopolymer and neutral-anionic DHBC/cationic homopolymer were studied in aqueous solution for use as structuring agents of silica-based organized nanomaterials. The pH range of PIC micelle formation, the critical micelle concentration and aggregation number of micelles were determined for each studied system. We have shown that the formation of micelles follows a cooperative mechanism which depends on the size of the homopolymer. Furthermore, we proposed an original way of photoinduced PIC micelle formation, based on a pH change after irradiation of a photochromic molecule. The studies on the PIC micelles as structuring agents of materials have shown that the morphology (nanoparticular, bulk) and the material structure (lamellar, vermicular) can be controlled by various parameters, such as the mass concentration of the DHBC / homopolyelectrolyte / silica precursor system, the content of the silica precursor and the ratio between the functions of the cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes. Finally, the template was removed by washing the hybrid materials under soft conditions in water
Stoeckel, Marc-Antoine. „Propriétés physico-chimiques et électroniques des interfaces supramoléculaires hybrides“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work realized during this thesis was oriented toward the comprehension of the charge transport mechanism involved in organic electronics, and on the engineering of the semiconducting properties of hybrid supramolecular interfaces. Firstly, the intrinsic origin of the charge transport properties was studied for two semiconducting small molecules which are similar in terms of chemical structure but exhibit different electrical properties. Secondly, the electronic properties of 2D material were modulated with the help of self-assembled monolayers inducing antagonist doping properties. Finally, hybrid perovskites and semiconducting small molecules were used as active materials in oxygen and humidity sensing respectively, forming high-performance sensors. All the project employed the principles of the supramolecular chemistry in their realisation
Bertho, Julie. „Vieillissement hygrothermique d'un assemblage acier galvanisé/adhésif époxy : évolution de la tenue mécanique en fonction de l'état physico-chimique de l'adhésif“. Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00655855.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGatoux, Aline. „Caractérisation physico-chimique d'un revêtement de protection anti-oxydation multi-composants pour freins d'avions en composites C/C“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10138.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe manuscript presents our work on the physico-chemical evolution of a protective coating developed by the Messier-Bugatti-Dowty company. This coatong is used to protect aircraft brakes against oxidation, and they are manufactured from C/Ccomposites. The developed protection is multi-layer type and is based on the association between different elements: (i) a metal phosphate solution, (ii) a borosilicate glass, (iii) a solution of colloidal silica and (iv) a metal boride. If the formulation gives very good results as anto-oxidationcoating, there is little information on the physico-chemical evolution of its components and their interactions. The thesis work has consisted of a multi-technique characterization (XRD, solid-state NMR, microscopy, TOF-SIMS) of systems simulating the coating. The first studies were carried out on anextremely simplified system and the impact of each component has been highlighted by adding each component separately, leading finally to the complete formulation. The overall results confirmed the role of each component in the formulation. We characterized the aging of the protection with the temperature and in the presence of water, which provided new information on the reactivity between the various components. This physicochemical study enabled to define the advantages and limitations of the protection, and we could propose new improvements to enhance the efficiency of the coating
Malveau, Cédric. „Microscopie RMN en phases liquide et solide par gradients de champ radiofréquenceApplication au PolyEthylène haute densité : structure du matériau et diffusion de solvant“. Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLi, Jiayi. „Methodological developments in imaging and new physico-chemical understanding of archaeological flax-based textiles from the ancient East (3rd and 2nd millennium BC)“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArchaeological textile remains from the ancient East are rare. In Mesopotamia, most of the knowledge about textiles comes from cuneiform texts. Made from animal or vegetable fibres, textiles are perishable in most archaeological environments. One of the main processes of exceptional preservation of archaeological fibres involves contact with a metallic artefact, this phenomenon is called "mineralization". Very little work has been done on the in-depth study of the mineralization processes of cellulosic textiles. This PhD work consisted of a multi-scale study of the interaction between copper-base substrate and ancient textiles, based on samples from the archaeological sites of Tello, Nausharo and Gonur-Depe (3rd and 2nd millennium BC). The work made it possible to implement a new imaging methodology using synchrotron-based semi-quantitative X-ray microtomography to describe the composition of these complex, heterogeneous and reactive systems in 3d. These developments have allowed us to deepen the archaeological description of these textiles and their burial context in relation to the question of their production and use in past times. Finally, we discussed the description of the hybrid system of fibre-corrosion product and the presence of organic signatures in these altered hybrid systems in order to describe the mechanisms underlying their exceptional conservation
Sedji, Maryse Iris. „Adhésion, inactivation et persistance des adénovirus dans des biofilms d'eau potable“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0200.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough drinking water outbreaks due to enteric viruses are scarce, they highlight their ability to spread and persist in drinking water systems. There is a lack of knowledge about virus behaviour into water distribution systems while this information is critical to improve treatment procedures. Among enteric viruses, adenoviruses show a high prevalence in the environment especially in drinking water, at least for their genome. In this context, the accumulation of adenovirus serotype 2 (HAdV-2) and bacteriophage PR772, used as a surrogate for adenoviruses, was studied using pilots fed with drinking water. We aimed to study virus accumulation on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) surfaces colonized or not by young drinking water biofilms and to evaluate the role of this biofilm in virus persistence during chlorine disinfection. We first developed an ICC-qPCR method to quantify infectious adenoviruses in environmental water samples. This method also improved the quantification of infectious adenoviruses at the laboratory scale. Before pilot experiments, the physicochemical characteristics of both viruses and surfaces were studied. HAdV-2 had the largest size, hydrodynamic diameter and hydrophobicity and phage PR772 showed the highest charge density. The biofilm led to a decrease in hydrophobicity but an increase in roughness. The two viruses behaved differently with a consistently higher accumulation rate for HAdV-2. The accumulation of phage PR772 was significantly reduced by the presence of a biofilm which accentuated the difference between the two viruses. When chlorination (10 mg/L) was applied on viruses either in suspension or accumulated in biofilm, HAdV-2 appeared as the most sensitive. The sensitivity of both viruses to chlorine decreased in presence of a biofilm showing its protective role against this oxidant. Our results confirm the role of hydrophobicity, particularly on the location of virus, but the charge density is probably involved in viral accumulation on surfaces as well