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1
Azhar Y.M. Al-Murshedi und Sahar Hussein Abd Allah. „Investigated physical properties of novel type four deep eutectic solvent.“ Journal of Kufa for Chemical Sciences 2, Nr. 10 (05.11.2023): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36329/jkcm/2023/v2.i10.13366.
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A deep eutectic solvent type four was created by combining 1:4 lithium chloride and 1,2 propanediol. The physical characteristics of pure DES and NiCl2.6H2O in DES with various additions such as H2O, Triton X100, Boric acid, and Nicotinic acid were examined. The results reveal that H2O and Triton X100 have a good improvement in increased conductivity and density, which is highly essential in electrodeposition applications. The UV-Vis spectra of 0.2 M NiCl2.6H2O solutions in DES in the presence and absence of additives were measured. In the absence of additives, we observed peaks at (402, 284, and 219) nm. When we added additives, we saw a blue shift. The results showed a blue shift when additives were added. Also the physical characteristics of CuCl2.2H2Oin DESs and with various additions such as Triton X100, Triton X114, Twien20 and Twien80. The results reveal that Twien80 and Triton X100 have a good improvement in increased conductivity and density, Too the UV-Vis spectra of 0.2 M CuCl2.2H2O solutions in DES in the presence and absence of additives were measured. Show that some of additives does not effect in UV-Vis spectrum such as twin 20 rather than other additives.
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Tarasov, Dmitry, Chander Shahi und Mathew Leitch. „Effect of Additives on Wood Pellet Physical and Thermal Characteristics: A Review“. ISRN Forestry 2013 (14.02.2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/876939.
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Additives play a major role in wood pellet characteristics and are a subject of major interest as they act as binding agents for the biomass raw material. Past research has reported the use of lignosulphonate, dolomite, starches, potato flour and peel, and some motor and vegetable oils as additives for wood pellet production. This paper reviews the available research on the effect of different additives on wood pellets' physical and thermal characteristics. It was found that lignosulphonate and starch additives improve the mechanical durability but tend to reduce the calorific value of the wood pellets. Motor and vegetable oil additives increase the calorific value minimally but significantly increase carbon monoxide emissions. Corn starch and dolomite additives also significantly increase carbon monoxide emissions. In order to produce wood pellets with desired physical and thermal characteristics, a suitable additive with the right biomass material should be used.
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Rosen-Kligvasser, Jasmine, Adi Pariente, Maayan Shaked, Ran Y. Suckeveriene, Roza Tchoudakov und Moshe Narkis. „Extended Additives’ Performance in Polyethylene Thin Films“. MRS Advances 1, Nr. 53 (2016): 3601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.494.
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ABSTRACTFor several decades additives have been incorporated into polymeric systems to improve desirable properties, and eliminate undesirable properties. When added to a polyethylene film, the additives migrate to the films’ surface and their concentration decreases; over time the additive’s effect desists. To solve this problem, efficient methods for extended performance are being sought. Extended additives’ performance is necessary to avoid frequent substitution of polyethylene films for different applications (e.g. greenhouses plastic coverings); as a result, reducing plastic waste and contributing to environmental sustainability. Over the course of our work, a new method of additives’ controlled migration has been developed, by grafting the additive molecules to nano-particles (NPs) via a radical reaction. The particles were used as physical migration retarders. Nano-particles were chosen due to their small size, which does not scatter light significantly. It was thus possible to make composites that retain their optical clarity. Furthermore, the small size of the particles leads to a large interfacial area for grafting. This work focuses on additives such as antifogs (AF) and UV protecting agents. The NPs serve as physical migration retarders, as well as UV protecting agents; the organic grafted molecules serve as AF additives. The existence of the grafted AF molecules to the NP’s surfaces was confirmed; the polyethylene containing AF grafted particles (LLDPE/AF-NPs) has shown satisfactory and promising AF and UV protection performance.
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Asmael, Noor M., Mohammed Y. Fattah und Abdalmhiman Kadhim. „EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC ADDITIVES ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN“. Elektronički časopis građevinskog fakulteta Osijek 12, Nr. 23 (15.12.2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.13167/2021.23.5.
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Warm additives had wide popularity in recent years due to saving in energy and lowering emissions dealt with asphalt mixture production. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is produced by using foaming technology or reducing -viscosity additives of binder to enhance the rheological properties. In this study, organic-based additives (Asphaltan A and Asphaltan B) are used to investigate their effect to minimize the viscosity and lower the temperature of asphalt mixture production. Bitumen is mixed with three doses of each additive: 1, 2, and 3% of its weight. The binder viscosity was measured by rotational viscometer with and without the additives at three different temperatures. The study showed that the organic additives have a positive impact on the behavior of the binder in terms of viscosity reduction and made enhancements in terms of bitumen properties. This result could be useful in the reduction of production temperature and quantity of odour emissions.
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Leskevicienė, Violeta, und Dalia Nizevicienė. „Influence of the setting activators on the physical mechanical properties of phosphoanhydrite“. Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 20, Nr. 2 (2014): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq121127004l.
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Phosphoanhydrite was obtained by processing dihydrate phosphogypsum generated during phosphoric acid production at Joint Stock Company (JSC) Lifosa (Lithuania). The influence on the properties of phosphoanhydrite of the treament process? parameters was determined, including the conditions of phosphogypsum neutralisation in the lime suspension; temperature and duration of calcination of neutralized phosphogypsum to phosphoanhydrite; fineness of ground anhydrite; selection of additives activating the hydration of anhydrite and their amounts. Upon adding activators of anhydrite hydration, K2SO4 or Na2SO4, the data of XRD and IR spectral analysis show that the specimens after 1 day of phosphoanhydrite hydration with additives contain complex salts - syngenite upon using K2SO4 additive and glauberite in the case of Na2SO4 additive. These additives act as crystallization centers and accelerate hydration. It has been determined that the specimens of phosphoanhydrite calcined at a temperature of 900 ? C with 2 % K2SO4 additive have the best physical and mechanical properties. Already after 1 day of hardening the specimens acquired a compressive strength of 21.18 MPa, and after 28 days of hardening they had a compressive strength of 58.5 MPa (dry specimens).
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Aluyor, E. O., und T. O. K. Audu. „Effect of Lubrication Additives on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Soyabean Oil“. Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (Februar 2009): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.374.
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The effect of two lubrication additives on the physical and chemical properties of refined soybean oil was studied. The two additives used were a complex blend of anti-oxidant; anti-wear and pour-point depressant-AP821 and AP820- used in the production of Super v and Visco 2000 brands of lubricants respectively. The physical and chemical properties of the soybean oil and base oil samples containing varying percent by volume of each additive were analysed. Results obtained show that the flashpoint of soybean oil increased from 256.6oC to 265oC and 284oC for the AP821 and AP820 additives respectively. This was better than the increase recorded for the base oil which increased from 208oC to 215 oC and 228oC for the AP821 and AP820 additives respectively. Other results obtained for pour point reduction, specific gravity and viscosity showed a positive effect of the additives on soybean oil.
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Tuskaeva, Zalina, und Soslan Karyaev. „Influence of various additives on properties of concrete“. E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 14007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016414007.
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A comparative analysis of concrete samples without chemical additives and three concrete samples with additives was carried out The first sample contains the liquid additive, the other two contain the powder additive. The article aims at finding out the effectiveness of additives influence on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete and the basis for the application areas of modified types of concrete. By means of laboratory tests, the physical and mechanical properties of concrete mixtures are determined. To determine the strength characteristics of concrete samples, the IM-1250M testing machine was used. The tests were carried out under the same temperature and humidity conditions. According to the results of the experiments, the samples with the multifunctional additive "D-5" showed the best characteristics of concrete, and the samples with the dolomite flour additive were the cheapest. As a result of the experimental analysis, the effects of three additives on the strength characteristics of concrete and water resistance were determined. Cemplast and D-5 additives are highly effective modifiers of concrete and mortar. They can increase the strength by 20-40% at the age of 28 days at dosages of 1.6-6% with a decrease in water-cement ratio and a decrease of cement amount by 20%. Additives highly increase the workability of the mixture, air entrainment and water resistance. While using the chemical additives an early set of the concrete design strength is observed for the construction time reducing in 7 days.
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Adel Ismael, Omar, und Siham Idan Salih. „ASPHALT BINDERS EMPLOY VARIOUS ORGANIC ADDITIVES: PHYSICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL QUALITIE“. Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 28, Nr. 1 (01.01.2024): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.28.1.7.
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Several studies aim to reduce surface temperatures and improve the performance of hot mix asphalt. These studies have occurred to reduce the global warming phenomena and economic concerns. We're researching how organic materials affect the viscosity of modified asphalt. Asphaltan A, Asphaltan B, Asphaltan C, and T-grade are organic additives. temperatures with the asphalt binder were employed in the current study. These organic additives were used to improve the characteristics of hot-mix asphalt. In addition, it increases the durability, and lifespan of pavement and reduces mixing and compaction temperatures. A penetration grade bitumen of 40/50 was used in this study. Then, pure bitumen was added to the organic additives to modify binders containing varying concentrations of each additive. Physical properties were performance at different levels of additives. In the research, conventional bitumen/asphalt should be adjusted due to climate conditions, strong traffic loads, and growing axial loads. As a result, asphalt mixtures comprehending bitumen with a high penetration index are less prone to low-temperature cracking and irreversible deformation. Traditional asphalt studies found that bitumen samples with the softening point of warm mix asphalt additives were greater rate, and were less susceptible to temperature changes. The introduction of organic compounds increased the penetration and softening point of the asphalt substantially. This indicated that the stiffness and thermal expansion of the binder had gotten better.
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Hasan, Wshyar M., Rana A. Yousif, Abbas F. Jasim und Sady A. Tayh. „Enhancing Bitumen Properties through Worm Mix Asphalt Additives: A Study on Physical and Rheological Characteristics“. E3S Web of Conferences 427 (2023): 03027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342703027.
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This study aimed to determine how various concentrations of warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives can affect the rheological and physical characteristics of asphalt cement. Bitumen was modified by the chemical additive PAWMA® with an addition ratio of (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6), while the organic additives, Sasobit® and Kaowax®, were added at concentrations of (2, 4, and 6%) by the weight of bitumen. Bitumen hardness, softness, temperature susceptibility, viscosity, and elastic behavior have all been measured using a variety of physical and rheological tests, such as the penetration degree, softening point, penetration index, rotational viscosity, and dynamic shear rheology. This study showed that bitumen physical and rheological properties were affected differently according to the type and percentage of the WMA additive employed. The PAWMA additive, for instance, raised the bitumen penetration while Sasobit® and Kaowax® decreased the bitumen penetration degree. The inverse occurred for the softening point values. All WMA additives lowered bitumen viscosity values. Results from a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) showed that the rutting index value (G*/Sin) rose, indicating improved rutting resistance.
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Merekalov, Alexey S., Oleg N. Karpov, Georgiy A. Shandryuk, Olga A. Otmakhova, Alexander V. Finko, Artem V. Bakirov, Vladimir S. Bezborodov und Raisa V. Talroze. „Role of New Chiral Additives on Physical-Chemical Properties of the Nematic Liquid Crystal Matrix“. Materials 16, Nr. 17 (02.09.2023): 6038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16176038.
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We have synthesized and studied three new chiral substances as additives to a nematic liquid crystal. The difference in the optical activity and chemical structure of additive molecules results in the appearance of the chiral nematic phase and the change in both the compatibility of the mixture components and temperature range of the liquid crystal phase. The role of additives with fundamentally different structures and optical activities is shown. The increase in the TNI that is observed in mixtures with 4-[(2S)-(+)-2-Methylbutoxy]benzoic acid indicate the possibility of the increase in order caused by the formation of molecularly rigid and elongated dimers of the additive, which was confirmed using infrared spectra. The doping of the nematic liquid crystal with (2R)-(+)-2-[4-[2-Chloro-4-(4-hexylphenyl)phenyl]phenoxy]propanoic acid causes the lowering of TNI. The binol derivative S-(+)-6-[1-[2-(5-Carboxypentoxy)naphthalen-1-yl]naphthalen-2-yl] oxyhexanoic acid has the highest chirality among the additives used. One can explain the effects observed in terms of the role of size, shape, and compatibility with the nematic matrix as shown by the molecules that are used as additives.
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Lee, Chuan Li, Kit Ling Chin, Paik San H'ng, Pui San Khoo und Luqman Abdullah Chuah. „Enhanced properties of single-layer particleboard made from oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre with additional water-soluble additives“. BioResources 16, Nr. 3 (22.07.2021): 6159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.6159-6173.
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The efficacy of additional water-soluble additives was studied relative to the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). Polyethylene glycol, acrylamide, and acrylic resin were selected as water-soluble additives for use in the OPEFB particleboard production process. The effects of the three additives at two different concentrations (2% and 4% of dry OPEFB mass) on the particleboard properties were evaluated. Addition of water-soluble additives increased the performance of the OPEFB particleboard. The additive concentration has a significant effect on the properties of the particleboard. With the increase of additive concentration, the internal bonding and modulus of rupture value increased while the thickness swelling and water absorption decreased. Particleboards with an additional 4% of acrylamide or polyethylene glycol achieved the highest modulus of rupture (22 MPa), highest internal bonding strength (1 N/mm2), and lowest thickness swelling (9%). All the particleboards produced with 4% of water-soluble additive achieved the standard requirements of JIS A 5908:2003 for physical and mechanical properties.
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Eddy, N. O., und A. S. Ekop. „Effect of Additives on Some Physical Parameters of Palm Oil“. E-Journal of Chemistry 4, Nr. 3 (2007): 350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/189696.
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Effect of additives (carrot, lime, paw paw and red dye) on the density, viscosity, moisture content and melting point of palm oil (PO) was investigated by dissolving 1g of each additive to 10 mL of pre-analysed oil in a beaker. The mixture was heated and their their moisture content, melting point, viscosity and density were determined. The result of the analysis shows that all the additives significantly increased the density, moisture content and viscosity (except lime) of the oil. Addition of paw paw and red dye also increased the melting point of the oil while the addition of carrot and lime juice decreased the melting point of the oil.
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Marinković, Nemanja, Elefterija Zlatanović, Zoran Bonić, Dragan Djordjević und Nikola Romic. „Influence of traditional and alternative additives on the physical and mechanical properties of clayey soil“. Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers 76 (Juni 2024): 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14256/jce.4023.2024.
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This study considered the effects of different types of additives on the physical and mechanical characteristics of clayey soil using a chemical stabilisation technique. Under laboratory conditions, samples of the clayey soil mixture with selected additives at percentages of 3 %, 5 %, and 7 % were prepared and tested at time intervals of 3, 7, and 28 d after the treatment. For the prepared samples, the influence of each additive on the change in the uniaxial compressive strength, Atterberg limits, and pH values was analysed. Based on the obtained results, the optimal amount of each additive for the treated soil was determined. Using the optimal additive contents, an additional series of tests to investigate the changes in the modulus of compressibility and void ratio of the treated soil were performed after 3, 7, and 28 d, as well as changes in the California bearing ratio and swelling value after 7 and 28 d. The obtained results reveal that, depending on the amounts of additives in the mixture and the time interval of the test, the physical and mechanical properties of the treated clayey soil could be considerably improved.
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Balabanov, V. B., und V. S. Molokov. „Evaluation of the impact of various stabilizing additives, including hydrolysis lignin, on the basic physical and operational parameters of rubble-mastic asphalt concrete mixtures“. Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost 13, Nr. 2 (08.11.2023): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2023-2-202-212.
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The paper considers the use of various stabilizing additives, including hydrolysis lignin, in rubble-mastic asphalt mixtures. Laboratory tests were conducted using calibrated measuring instruments and certified laboratory equipment, along with officially recognized methods for testing the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. Based on the data obtained, a comparative analysis of the effect of stabilizing additives on the main physical and operational indicators of rubblemastic asphalt concrete mixtures was carried out. It was established that the use of different stabilizing additives in rubble-mastic asphalt concrete mixtures did not lead to significant changes in the basic physical and operational indicators, except for the binder flowing indicator, i.e., the ability of rubblemastic asphalt concrete mixtures to retain bitumen. The laboratory studies also confirmed the possibility of using a stabilizing additive – hydrolysis lignin – without compromising the physical and operational characteristics of the mixture according to GOST R 58406.1-2020. A slight increase in water resistance was observed when hydrolysis lignin was added, largely due to its ability to modify road bitumen and its high content in the mixture compared to other additives.
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Konoplianyk, A. Y., und I. M. Iliev. „Research of characteristics of heat-resistant concretes with additives of expanded perlite sand“. Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost, Nr. 1 (2019): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33101/s001-150002091.
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Purpose. Research of characteristics of heat-resistant concrete for application in thermal units and building constructions. Methodology. By standard techniques physic, mechanical, fire and heat physical characteristics of heat-resistant concrete with additives of perlite sand are investigated. Findings. Compositions of heat-resistant concrete with additives of perlite sand in a number of 0,1-1,8% can be used for the production of thin-walled linings of metallurgical units and designs and also for the production of the building constructions steady against fire action. Originality. Influence of a small number of additives of perlite sand on physic mechanical, fire and heat physical characteristics of heat-resistant concrete is established. Practical value. The received heat-resistant concrete with additives of expanded perlite sand provide the high physic mechanical, fire and heat physical characteristics steady against the action of high temperatures and the fire. Keywords: heat-resistant concrete, expanded perlite sand, additive, samples, properties of concrete.
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Iskandarova, M. I., F. B. Atabaev, Z. B. Yakubzhanova, G. B. Begjanova, N. A. Mironyuk und D. U. Axmedova. „Improving properties of portland cement using new types of composite additives“. E3S Web of Conferences 365 (2023): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336502013.
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The possibility of improving the physical and mechanical properties of Portland cement with maximum clinker savings by optimizing the composition of hybrid additives is shown. It has been established that hybrid additives combining local mineral ingredients with the additive of artificial origin Phosfozol allow saving low-clinker Portland cement while maintaining its original grade 400.
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Mirzaev, Bakhodir, Bakhromjon Otakulov, Khamidulla Mamatov und Olmosbek Otajonov. „Research of physical-mechanical and physical-chemical properties of expanded direction concrete with complex polymer - mineral additive of a new generation based on local raw materials“. E3S Web of Conferences 452 (2023): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345206002.
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The results of physico-chemical analysis using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis and electron microscopy of the microstructure of cement stone and the processes of change: hydration, crystallization, etc. are presented. in cement systems, with the addition of new generation complex chemical additives of the Relaxol KDJ-3 series. It has been established that in cement systems these additives help create new formations that crystallize in a finely dispersed form, clog the pores and capillaries of Portland cement stone, compacting and strengthening its structure. The introduction of the KDJ-3 additive into expanded clay concrete compositions makes it possible to increase its density by 8-10% and strength by 40% compared to the design strength.
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Fan, Bing Li, An Nan Sun, Zheng Jie Li, Yi Wei Guo, Xiao Wen Qi und Chang Xin Liu. „Experimental Study on Dissolution Stability and Dispersion and their Influence on Tribological Properties for Reducing Friction and Prolonging Life of Armored Vehicle Engine Lubricating Oil Additives“. Advanced Engineering Forum 49 (31.05.2023): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ba6mc5.
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A lubricating oil additive for armored vehicle engine was synthesized by ultrasonic dispersion and physical blending with polyisobutylene and poly alpha olefin as polymer matrix, nanoBN and nanoALN as antifriction materials and polyisobutylene succinimide as surfactant. Polymer-based lubricating oil additive, hydroxyl magnesium silicate powder additive, commercial anti-wear repairing agent Goldway and commercial anti-wear protective agent Chief were dispersed into 10W-40 armored vehicle engine special lubricating oil according to a certain mass fraction. The dissolution stability of different lubricating oil additives in lubricating oil was investigated by standing test. The effects of ultrasonic time and temperature on the dispersion of different kinds of lubricating oil additives in lubricating oil are investigated by using ultrasonic disperser and particle size analyzer. The MDW-5G multifunctional end-face friction and wear tester is used to simulate the actual working process of cylinder liner-piston ring in armored vehicles during driving, and tribological tests were carried out under conventional working conditions to evaluate the tribological properties of different lubricating oil additives. Scanning electron microscope was used to measure and analyze the wear surface morphology and friction interface elements after tribological test, and the lubrication mechanism of lubricating oil additives is revealed. The results show that the polymer-based lubricating oil additive has good dissolution stability and dispersion in lubricating oil. Compared with pure lubricating oil, the average friction coefficient of lubricating oil containing 3wt% polymer-based additives is 0.085, and the friction coefficient decreases by 38.8%. During the friction process, polymer-based lubricating oil additives form a self-repairing oil film to cover the surface of the sample through a series of complex physical and chemical reactions, which reduces the friction and wear between the grinding pairs and improves the lubricating performance of lubricating oil.
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Fan, Bingli, Zhengjie Li, Annan Sun, Yiwei Guo, Xiaowen Qi und Changxin Liu. „Experimental Study on Tribological Properties of Polymer-based Composite Nano-additives Suitable for Armored Vehicle Engine Lubricating Oil“. MATEC Web of Conferences 358 (2022): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235801009.
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Lubricating oil is known as "the blood to maintain the normal operation of machinery", and additives are an indispensable and important part of lubricating oil. In this paper, the Polymer-based Composite Nano-additive (PCNA) suitable for armored vehicle engine lubricating oil was developed, the physical and chemical properties of lubricating oil containing additives were carried out. The results showed that adding an appropriate amount (3 vol.%) of additives could improve the low-temperature fluidity of lubricating oil and improve the kinematic viscosity of lubricating oil without affecting the viscositytemperature characteristics of lubricating oil. The four-ball testing machine, high temperature end face testing machine and engine bench are used to measure the anti-friction lubrication effect and anti-wear ability improvement effect of the additive on lubricating oil. The experimental results show that the additive can effectively improve the antifriction, lubrication and anti-wear performance of lubricating oil. In addition, the addition of the additive can effectively improve the running state of the engine, and the engine noise is obviously reduced. Finally, the additives developed in this paper are compared with three common brand additives in the market by using the high temperature end face testing machine. The results show that the additive developed in this paper has certain advantages in improving the antifriction and lubrication effect of lubricating oil.
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Moreno, Karla J., María Teresa Hernández-Sierra, José E. Báez, Eloy Rodríguez-deLeón, Luis Daniel Aguilera-Camacho und J. Santos García-Miranda. „On the Tribological and Oxidation Study of Xanthophylls as Natural Additives in Castor Oil for Green Lubrication“. Materials 14, Nr. 18 (19.09.2021): 5431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185431.
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The present study focuses on an introductory analysis of the use of three xanthophylls as additives for green lubricant applications. For this purpose, the additives were characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR techniques, and the bio-lubricants were described by their physical properties. The effect of the natural compounds on the friction and wear properties of bio-lubricants were evaluated by sliding friction tests under boundary conditions, as confirmed by an analysis of the lubricating film thickness. The antioxidant capacity was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. It was observed better wear protection in castor oil with xanthophylls than without these additives. The wear rate was reduced up to 50% compared with neat oil. Lesser beneficial effects were appreciated in friction coefficient since it was increased 25%. The best contribution was observed with astaxanthin as an additive. In addition, a significant improvement in the oxidation of castor oil, complemented with this additive, was exhibited by FTIR analysis. It was found that xanthophylls could be employed as additives for totally biodegradable lubricant applications since they have better tribological and antioxidant behavior than current additives.
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Wang, Haitao, Mei Zhang und Menglin Yang. „Properties of Ag-SnO2 Contact Materials for Low-Voltage Electrical Appliances with Different Doped Particle Sizes“. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (23.05.2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7275681.
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In this paper, the relationship between additive particle size and properties of Ag-SnO2 contact materials was studied. La2O3 and Fe2O3 were selected as additives for contact materials, and the proportion of additives were determined by wettability experiment results; Ag-SnO2 contact materials were successfully fabricated by the powder metallurgy method, and the physical and electrical contact properties of Ag-SnO2 contact materials with five additive particle sizes were investigated. The results show the influence of additives on the properties of Ag-SnO2 contact materials are disparate, the contact resistance and arc energy are smaller and more stable when the additive particle size is about 500 nm. For further proving this conclusion, the arc-eroded surface morphologies of the doped AgSnO2 contact materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which indicated that the properties of two kinds of Ag-SnO2 contact materials could be improved significantly by selecting appropriate additive particle size.
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Grillo, H. F., Neide Aparecida Mariano, Alfeu Saraiva Ramos, Fabio Ferraço, K. V. F. Grillo und Sylma C. Maestrelli. „Effect of Superplasticizer Additives for Class Type Cpii E32 Cements“. Materials Science Forum 820 (Juni 2015): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.820.483.
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Concrete mixing technology has spread with the development of water-reducing additives, enabling production of high quality products. Despite the discoveries and important technological advances, occurrences concerning the incompatibility between sealers and additives have been reported. The main incompatibilities occur between additive and cement of different brands, or different batches. This study investigated the influence of a superplasticizer on the properties of two cements of the same class (type CP II E 32), but different manufacturers. Two cements (without the presence of the additive) were characterized by physical, chemical and mechanical tests. The setting times for pastes made from cement, water and superplasticizer mixtures were determined. The results showed a significant difference in physical, chemical and mechanical properties of cements, as well as those related to the hydration process thereof.
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Qais, H., R. Bogdanov, N. Morozova, A. Mavlyuberdinov und L. Suleymanova. „INFLUENCE OF SUPERPLASTIFYING ADDITIVES BASED ON POLYCARBOXYLATE ETHER ON THE TECHNOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL-TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF GYPSUM-CETMENT-POZZOLANIC BINDER“. Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 9, Nr. 8 (22.05.2024): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2024-9-8-20-28.
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Effective modifiers of the structure and properties of concrete based on gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder are chemical additives. Among a wide range of chemical additives, superplasticizing additives can be distinguished. The most effective in terms of water-reducing effect, increasing the mobility and strength of concrete based on gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder are superplasticizers based on polycarboxylate ethers. The paper presents studies of the influence of superplasticizing additives on the physical and technical properties of gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder based on low-grade gypsum and cement binders, and a binary active mineral additive consisting of zeolite-containing marl and microsilica. It has been shown that the introduction of the studied modifiers makes it possible to improve the performance properties of products based on gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder, which is expressed in an increase in compressive strength and an increase in water resistance. Patterns of changes in water demand, setting time, and water-reducing effect of the gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder mixture were obtained when it is modified with polycarboxylate additives of the following grades:“Melflux 2651 F”, “Polyplast type S”, “Polyplast type R”, “SPS-06”, “SPS-08”, “DK-100” and C-3 in comparison with unmodified HCPV, the change in strength with compression and softening coefficient of gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder stone with these additives. It has been established that reducing the water requirement of the gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder mixture by 60 % increases the compressive strength of gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder stone samples by 33.5 MPa compared to the control composition. It has been shown that the most effective modifiers among those studied are “Polyplast type S” and “DK-100”.
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Ningrum, Putri Intan Puspa, Ani Mulyasuryani und Rakhma Febriani. „The Effect of Slip Polymer Additives on the Characteristics of Polyethylene Films“. IJCA (Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis) 6, Nr. 1 (16.03.2023): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/ijca.vol6.iss1.art8.
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Polymer additive’s function is to improve film quality, including slip additives which function as film surface lubricants. Slip additives affect the physical characteristics of the film as indicated by the coefficient of friction and optical properties. In this research, the influence of slip additives and the aging time of the coefficient of friction (COF) and the optical properties of polyethylene (PE) films have been studied. The optical properties of the film are measured based on the haze value and the gloss value. The additives used in this study were erucamide, stearyl erucamide, and a mixture of the two. Observations were made for 14 days at 23 °C and 50 °C. Measurements of the COF, haze value, and gloss value were carried out on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14. The results showed that the lowest COF was produced on films with erucamide additives. Films with erucamide additives had the best friction coefficient value of 0.129 on the 3rd day of aging at 50 °C, a haze value of 4.63% and a gloss value of 56.5 GU.
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Ure, Andrew D., Manik K. Ghosh, Maria Rappo, Roland Dauphin und Stephen Dooley. „Rational Design and Testing of Anti-Knock Additives“. Energies 13, Nr. 18 (19.09.2020): 4923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184923.
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An innovative and informed methodology for the rational design and testing of anti-knock additives is reported. Interaction of the additives with OH● and HO2● is identified as the key reaction pathway by which non-metallic anti-knock additives are proposed to operate. Based on this mechanism, a set of generic design criteria for anti-knock additives is outlined. It is suggested that these additives should contain a weak X-H bond and form stable radical species after hydrogen atom abstraction. A set of molecular structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic quantities that pertain to the propensity of the additive to inhibit knock by this mechanism are identified and determined for a set of 12 phenolic model compounds. The series of structural analogues was carefully selected such that the physical thermodynamic and kinetic quantities could be systematically varied. The efficacy of these molecules as anti-knock additives was demonstrated through the determination of the research octane number (RON) and the derived cetane number(DCN), measured using an ignition quality tester (IQT), of a RON 95 gasoline treated with 1 mole % of the additive. The use of the IQT allows the anti-knock properties of potential additives to be studied on one tenth of the scale, compared to the analogous RON measurement. Using multiple linear regression, the relationship between DCN/RON and the theoretically determined quantities is studied. The overall methodology reported is proposed as an informed alternative to the non-directed experimental screening approach typically adopted in the development of fuel additives.
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Kim, Sung Jin, Hee Gon Bang, Jung Wook Moon und Sang Yeup Park. „Effect of Zirconia on the Physical Properties of Cordierite Honeycomb Filter“. Materials Science Forum 544-545 (Mai 2007): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.725.
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The enhancement of physical properties of porous honeycomb filter for air purification was investigated using cordierite with the addition of pore former and zirconia additive. Because cordierite honeycomb has porous body, binder formulation was varied using graphite for a pore forming agent as well as lubricating agent during the extrusion process. Also, the effect of zirconia additives on the resultant physical properties of honeycomb filter such as porosity, thermal expansion coefficient and mechanical strength was investigated.
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Kim, Jee Woo, Seong ho Park, Kyungsoon Park und Byung-Kwon Kim. „Non-Toxic Natural Additives to Improve the Electrical Conductivity and Viscosity of Polycaprolactone for Melt Electrospinning“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 3 (31.01.2023): 1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031844.
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Polycaprolactone (PCL) is biodegradable and non-toxic, making it an eco-friendly polymer with various medical applications. In order to increase the stability of PCL used in the field of medical applications, it is necessary to be able to produce fibers with a melt electrospinning method that does not use toxic hydrophobic solvents. However, PCL has very high viscosity and low conductivity, making melt electrospinning difficult. This study presents natural additives enabling the solvent-free melt electrospinning of PCL, wherein the physical properties (i.e., conductivity and viscosity) of the additive-mixed PCL are analyzed. Among the natural additives added to PCL, 7 wt% gallic acid increased conductivity by 81 times and decreased viscosity by 1/8526 times, showing the best results. We believe that our study, improving the physical properties of melt PCL by adding natural additives, will be of great help to the development of the melt electrospinning method of PCL.
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CELIK, MEHMET, und CIHAN BAYINDIRLI. „OPTIMIZATION OF THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES, COMBUSTION PERFORMANCE AND HARMFUL EXHAUST GASES OF BIODIESEL FUEL WITH NANOPARTICLE ADDITIVES“. Journal of Engineering Studies and Research 28, Nr. 3 (27.10.2022): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29081/jesr.v28i3.004.
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Increasing use of diesel products causes decrease of oil reserves, global warming, increase in the world average and adverse effects on human health and the environment. Emissions from combustion in engines are directly related to the quality, properties and combustion characteristics of the fuel. Since the physical and chemical properties of the fuel affect the atomization characteristics, it is important for increasing the combustion efficiency. The most important fuel properties affecting the combustion of diesel fuel are cetane number, viscosity, density and calorific value. There are many applications in improving the chemical and physical properties of fuel. One of them is nanoparticle (NPs) additives adding in fuel. In this study, it was aimed to improve fuel properties with optimum additive ratio by adding CeO2, TiO2 and Co3O4 nanoparticle additives into biodiesel which are produced from cotton and canola oil. The effects of NPs additives in fuel properties such as viscosity, density, lower calorific value and flash points were investigated.
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Avakimyants, E. V., und V. V. Gordeev. „Physical and mechanical properties of mixtures of feed additives for cattle“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 979, Nr. 1 (01.02.2022): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/979/1/012082.
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Abstract Protein-mineral-vitamin supplements in the diet of cattle, in particular cows, help to increase the fat and protein content in milk, milk yield and feed conversion, and some types of additives can reduce carbon dioxide and methane emissions. The main problem of the effective use of additives is the uniformity of their distribution, due to the small amount in the total feed mixture, the total weight of additives in the diet is 1.5-2%. One of the directions for solving the problem is the development of a mixer for preliminary mixing of additives, the parameters of which are difficult to justify without studying the physical and mechanical properties of mixtures of additives. Using standard techniques and developed laboratory installations, the physicomechanical properties of mixtures of feed additives for cows used in the diets of two farms in the Leningrad Region were determined. It was revealed that more than 80% of the particles of the mixtures have sizes in the range of 0.75-0.105 mm, the bulk density of the mixtures was 905 and 911.3 kg / m3, the moisture content was 8.14 and 4.44%, the angles of repose of the mixtures were 34, 17° and 34.83°, caving angles - 25.6 ° and 25.9°, internal friction coefficients - 0.76 and 0.7, external friction (on steel) - 0.5 and 0.49. Studies have shown the similarity of the physical and mechanical properties of the mixtures, even under the condition that the proportions and properties of individual additives are different. This allows us to consider the possibility of using the average values of the indicators of physical and mechanical properties when justifying the parameters of technological equipment for mixing, transporting and storing feed additives for cattle.
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Sobczak, Paweł, Kazimierz Zawiślak, Jacek Mazur und Marian Panasiewicz. „Evaluation of the Improvement Possibilities of Physical Properties of Mineral Fodder Additives“. Agricultural Engineering 21, Nr. 3 (01.09.2017): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2017-0028.
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AbstractThe paper presents a change in physical properties of loose, dust fodder additives (aluminosilicate) after mixing them with oil or glycerine. Additives where mixed in a blade mixer with the same mixing time for all samples, which was 1 minute. Tests with oil or glycerine were carried out in the following amounts: 5%, 10%. For mixtures of additives with oil or glycerine a selected group of physical properties was determined. Method of determination of physical properties was the same for all samples i.e. the same additives − without oil and glycerine as well as mixtures with their participation. Obtained research results and their analysis unanimously indicate that adding any amount of oil or glycerine for additives improves selected physical properties of mixtures.
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Yastremskiy, D. „RESEARCH OF BITUMINOUS BINDER WITH STABILIZING ADDITIVES BY INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND X-RAY SPECTRAL ANALYSIS“. Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 5, Nr. 11 (04.12.2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-11-24-31.
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Increasing the volume of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete used in the upper layers of road surfaces requires the development of effective stabilizing additives that ensure the uniformity of the asphalt mixture during short-term storage and transportation, as well as improving the properties of asphalt concrete. This additives include a complex stabilizing additive of the following composition: 90 % cellulose fibers from waste paper, 5 % rubber powder, 5 % viscous petroleum bitumen of the BND 90/130 brand. This article presents the results of a study of bitumen with the addition of "Viatop 66" and a complex cellulose-containing stabilizing additive (CSD). Using Fourier-transform spectroscopy, graphical data are obtained. as a result of their analysis, it is found that the interaction of stabilizing additives for crushed-mastic asphalt concrete with bitumen leads to the appearance of additional absorption bands characteristic of aromatic compounds (CH, benzene ring), sulfur-containing functional groups S=O st, R-SO-R, R-SO-OH, R-SO2-R, C=S st, as well as for C-O-H groups. X-ray spectral analysis confirmed the presence of additional sulfur-containing spectra in the composition of stabilizing additives. It is found that depending on the chemical composition of the stabilizing additives, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the bituminous binder and the resulting asphalt concrete change.
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Ledenev, A., S. Kozodaev, V. Percev, E. Baranov, T. Zagoruyko und D. Vnukov. „MECHANISMS OF ACT OF VARIOUS KINDS OF ORGANIC MINERAL ADDITIVES IN CEMENT SYSTEM“. Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, Nr. 9 (13.09.2021): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-9-8-19.
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The article presents the direction of development of the scientific and practical foundations of the technology of cement concretes associated with the use of organic mineral additives. It allows to improve the physical and mechanical characteristics of products and structures. The purpose of research is determination of the mechanism of act organic-mineral additives including reductants of the various physical and chemical nature and an experimental estimation of their effect on a mineral phase structure and properties of cement system. Organic mineral additives are applied in studies for which new options of components of the various physical and chemical nature are observed and received. The study of possible mechanisms of effect organic mineral additives conducted on a water-cement paste and on concreting cement system with roent-gen-phase analysis application are made. The effect of organic mineral additives on properties watering out and concreting cement systems is established. The effect of organic mineral additives including reduct-ants of the various physical and chemical nature, on a modification of a mineral phase structure of growths in the course of a hydration solidification and set strength is determined. The data obtained allow to broaden the understanding of organic-mineral additives effect on a structure and properties of cement sys-tem and to suggest accessible raw reductants in new effective organic mineral additives for obtaining of cement concretes with improved physical-mechanical performances.
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Chen, Qing, Jin Song Zhou, Qin Feng Mei und Zhong Yang Luo. „The Release Behavior of Potassium and Sodium in the Biomass High-Temperature Entrained-Flow Gasification“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (Juli 2011): 2434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2434.
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Experiments were performed to investigate the release behavior of potassium and sodium in the biomass high-temperature entrained-flow gasification with the addition of acid oxide SiO2, basic oxide MgO, amphoteric oxide Al2O3. The results showed that the volatilization of alkali was found to strongly depend on temperature. High gasification temperature strengthened the alkali release. When the reactor temperature was 1200°C, the volatilization of alkali species were about 37.87% for K and 71.14% for Na. Three additives all favored the retention of potassium and sodium and the content of water-soluble potassium and sodium in the ash. Among the three additives, MgO had the best retention effect. The potassium and sodium content in the gas phase was as low as 46.6% and 67.3% compared with raw straw, respectively. In the entrained-flow gasification with short residence time, the additives retained more alkali metals by the physical and chemical adsorption. Part of the additive utilized as physical adsorbent during the gasification enhanced the ash melting point of the residue carbon.
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Ajekwene, Kingsley Kema, Johnson Oseghale Oboh, Ugonna Kingsley Ugo und Simon Ikechukwu Ichetaonye. „Preparation of Multifunctional Additive [MFA] from Castor Oil (CO) and Study of its Effects on the Physical Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates“. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology 11, Nr. 3 (30.09.2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32622/ijrat.111202311.
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This experiment focuses on the synthesis of Multifunctional Additives (MFA) from Castor seed oil (CO) and pure Oleic acid (OA) respectively. These multifunctional additives (CO-MFA and OA-MFA) were investigated as potential substitutes for process oil, activator, co-activator, and accelerator in the formulation of a natural rubber vulcanizate. During processing, the castor seed oil was characterized for acid value (AV), free fatty acid (FFA) and saponification value (SV) and subsequently reacted with 1, 6-hexane diamine to obtain a mixture of salts termed castor oil-based multifunctional additives (CO-MFA), similarly, a pure oleic acid was also reacted with 1, 6-hexane diamine to obtain a pure salt termed oleic acid-based multifunctional additive (OA-MFA). These compounds were investigated as substitutes for process oil/stearic acid, process oil/stearic acid/zinc oxide, process oil/MBT, and process oil/stearic acid/zinc oxide/MBT in the formulation and compounding of natural rubber vulcanizate. The pre-mastication of the rubber and subsequent mixing with additives was carried out in a Banbury Internal Mixer at a rotor speed of 50 rpm for 7 mins while the vulcanization was achieved on a compression molding machine at a temperature of 140oC for 15 mins. The various vulcanizates samples were evaluated for tensile properties, compression set, abrasion resistance, and hardness. The use of castor seed oil-based multifunctional additives (CO-MFA) as a substitute for process oil/stearic acid/zinc oxide/MBT gave the highest value of tensile strength (12.24 MPa) as against the conventional rubber compound (4.21 MPa).
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Liu, Wenwen, Xiaoxi Qiao, Shida Liu und Ping Chen. „A Review of Nanomaterials with Different Dimensions as Lubricant Additives“. Nanomaterials 12, Nr. 21 (27.10.2022): 3780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12213780.
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Lubricant additives can effectively enhance the performance and environmental adaptability of lubricants and reduce the energy loss and machine wear caused by friction. Nanomaterials, as important additive materials, have an essential role in the research and development of new lubricants, whose lubrication performances and mechanisms are not only related to their physical and chemical properties, but also influenced by the geometric shape. In this paper, the friction reduction and antiwear performances of nanomaterials as lubricant additives are first reviewed according to the classification of the dimensions, and their lubrication mechanisms and influence rules are revealed. Second, the recent research progress of composite nanomaterials as lubrication additives is introduced, focusing on their synergistic mechanism to improve the lubrication performance further. Finally, we briefly discuss the challenges faced by nanoadditives and provide an outlook on future research. The review expects to provide new ideas for the selection and development of lubricant additives to expand the application of nanoadditives.
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YASUHIRA, Hitomi. „Miso without Additives and/or without Physical Treatment“. JOURNAL OF THE BREWING SOCIETY OF JAPAN 93, Nr. 6 (1998): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan1988.93.425.
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Ibru, Timothy, Kashyap Mohan und Antonia Antoniou. „Physical properties of elastomer composites with scintillating additives“. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 280 (September 2018): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.07.059.
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Zeynalov, Shucayat Aman, Farhad Shamil Kerimov, Sevinj Ittifaq Safarova, Babakishi Garaja Garajaev und Gulshan Salman Jafarova. „Effect of phenol-formaldehyde resin on mechanical durability and structure of low-density polyethylene“. Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University Series Physics, Nr. 54 (23.11.2023): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.54919/physics/54.2023.96.
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Relevance. The development of technology for producing new polymer modifications with specific properties, which remain stable even when exposed to external factors, is a key area of focus for researchers in the field of high-molecular compounds. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to create new composite materials based on low-density polyethylene. Methodology. The extrusion blowing method on an industrial URP 1500 unit was used for processing low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and its modified films. Electron microscopic images of the surface were captured using a S-570 scanning microscope (Japan) at X1000 magnifications. Results. The composition and quantity of a low-molecular organic additive that alters the electrical characteristics of low-density polyethylene grade 10803-020 was ascertained. The modified low-density polyethylene is noteworthy for its minimal usage of additives and their compatibility with technology. Based on experimental data, it was found that the inclusion of 0.05 wt% phenol-formaldehyde resin in low-density polyethylene increases its mechanical strength to the highest level when compared to both the unaltered low-density polyethylene and low-density polyethylene with other additives. Furthermore, the study found that the addition of phenol-formaldehyde resin in small proportions (0.05 wt%) substantially enhances mechanical strength at varying temperatures. Conclusions. The electrophysical characteristics of low-density polyethylene and its modified versions were comprehensively investigated. The adequately altered low-density polyethylene exhibits considerably improved mechanical durability. It was indicated that the additives used, at optimal levels, influence the physical framework of low-density polyethylene, highlighting their technological compatibility differences
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Hutchinson, Allan, Patricia H. Winfield und Denise Morrey. „Automotive Structures: Design for Disassembly and the Role of Adhesive Bonding“. Materials Science Forum 765 (Juli 2013): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.765.721.
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A controllable adhesive disbonding mechanism can be achieved by activating functional additives located within the matrix of an adhesively bonded joint. This action facilitates the disassembly and material recovery from structurally bonded assemblies. The engineering capabilities of bonded joints containing a range of physical foaming agents were investigated. The effect of the physical foaming agents on joint disassembly was mostly attributable to the volumetric expansion efficiency of the additive whilst constrained within an adhesive matrix.
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Musyaroh, Musyaroh, Widya Wijayanti, Mega Nur Sasongko und Ahmad Difal Rizaldy. „Efek Intermolecular Forces: Perubahan Physical Properties pada Campuran Premium dan Bio-Additive Orange Peel“. Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 12, Nr. 1 (31.05.2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jrm.2021.012.01.15.
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<p class="Abstract"><span lang="PT-BR">The addition of bio-additive in gasoline was needed in order to improve the anti-knock quality. The bio-additive used was orange peel in the form of essential oil. Nevertheless, it make any changes of fuel properties affecting standard compliances: physical properties, engine performances and exhaust gas emissions due to some main compound effects of orange oil; limonene up to 90%. </span><span lang="PT-BR">The recent study aimed to analyze the blends of bio-additives and premium gasoline experimentally related to improve the fuel properties theoretically. By verifying the blends, they were tested at blending concentration ratio from 1% to 75%. For each blend, the physical properties; kinematic viscosity, density, and calorific value were measured using ASTM D 445, ASTM D 92, and ASTM D 250. The results show that the limonene gave many impacts on the change of properties fuel. Limonene is a non-polar compound with high intramolecular force intensity. It causes a spontaneous dipole and gave propagation effect on premium gasoline molecular compound. The effect influences dynamic molecular distribution by increasing the attractive force between opposite pole of premium gasoline and bio-additives blend. The decrease of intermolecular movement intensity will decrease the viscosity of the mixture. In contrary, the kinematic viscosity of the mixture will increase with increasing bio</span><span lang="IN">-</span><span lang="PT-BR">additive concentration. In other pysical properties, the premium gasoline-bio</span><span lang="IN">-</span><span lang="PT-BR">additive blends have low density at 1%, 5%, 10% and 25% addition concentration but it has high heating value of fuel blends.</span></p>
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Bartalné Berceli, Mónika, Eszter Izsó, Szilveszter Gergely und András Salgó. „Development and application of novel additives in bread-making“. Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 6 (07.01.2019): 470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/380/2017-cjfs.
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There is a great need for good quality and low-cost food since. A large proportion of the population does not have access to food with adequate quality from the nutritional point of view. This paper deals with the increasing of the nutritional value of widely consumed bread products. The development and incorporation of seven different food additives prepared with simple physical or physiological/biotechnological modifications have been studied in bread model. Bran with four different particle sizes and soy-based sprouted additive were applied in the experiment carried out in laboratory scale. These additives are rich in vitamins, bioactive components, dietary fibre and other health-beneficial compounds. A few of them have been selected for further examination. Aleurone-rich flour and wheat bran sourdough were supplemented to the selected additives and the experiment was carried out in industrial scale. The quality of the baked products was examined by analysing physical and sensory properties. The quality of the prepared bread products having limited amount of each additive does not decrease compared to the commercially available products, nevertheless their nutritional value increased. Four new bread products rich in dietary fibre, in vitamins and in minerals have been developed during the experiment carried out in industrial scale. They are relatively cheap comparing commercially available products so they are accessible for the population with low income. These new products can be labelled as fibre rich products and are applicable in several diets.
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Unnisa Begum, Dr Baby Abrar, Ms Shilpa Jadav, P. shrenika und H. Vindya. „The Influence of Electro Less Ni-P Coating Comprising of Nano Additive on Surface Topography of Mg Alloy“. INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, Nr. 008 (12.09.2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37392.
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Coating is found due to the max fitted process. To enhance the damage and corrosion conduct of alloys. The Mg alloys base has well range of commercial application. The alloys have a max unique strength but bad attire and resistance corrosion. The Ni, Zn & Cu, Normal Coating gives a physical barrier towards a physical barrier beside the wear and tear rate and corrosion attack of Mg Substrate. The current studies on plating Ni-P thru on AZ91 composite by immersing example into Ni sulphate bath in previous surfactants. The outcome of ZnO, Al2O3, SiO and Nano-additives and outcome with different quantities we investigate 0.5 g/l additive Nano Al2O3 improve the Ni-P on AZ91 deposition Mg Composite and therefore the like consequences are seen just in case of SiO accumulation . The ZnO results were also seen. To scale back the corrosion it is extremely detect that coating of Ni-P is effective and rise the wear and tear behavior therefor the surfactants if both with No additive. Keywords: surfactants, Coating, Scanning Electron Microscope, Nano-additives.
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Abd El-Wahab, H. „Synthesis and characterisation of the flame retardant properties and corrosion resistance of Schiff’s base compounds incorporated into organic coating“. Pigment and Resin Technology 44, Nr. 2 (02.03.2015): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-05-2014-0042.
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Purpose – This paper aims to report on the synthesis and characterisation of new flame retardants and anticorrosive additives based on Schiff’s base compounds, which were added physically to organic coating. Design/methodology/approach – Flame retardants are incorporated into polymeric materials either as additives or as reactive materials. Additive-type flame retardants are widely used by incorporating into polymeric materials by physical means. In this research, Schiff’s base (azomethine) compounds are added physically to alkyd paint as flame-retardant additives. Elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterise the structure of the prepared Schiff’s base compounds. Thermal gravimetric analysis was used to evaluate their thermal stability. Experimental coatings were manufactured on a laboratory scale, and then applied by brush on wood and steel panels. Findings – Results of an oxygen index value indicated that alkyd paints containing Schiff’s base compounds as additives exhibit very good flame-retardant effects. Also the physical, mechanical and corrosion resistance properties were studied to evaluate the drawbacks of the additives. The additives did not affect the flexibility of the paint formula. The gloss and the impact strength were decreased by the additives, but the hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance were significantly improved by these additives. Research limitations/implications – Alkyd resins are the most extensively used synthetic polymers in the coating industry. Nitrogen compounds are a small but rapidly growing group of flame retardants which are in the focus of public interest concerning environment-friendly flame retardants. So, the focus of this study is on Schiff’s base compounds as flame retardants and anticorrosive additives for alkyd resins to assess their applicability. Practical implications – Schiff’s base compounds can be used as new additives in paint formulations to improve the flame-retardant and corrosion properties. Originality/value – In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the nitrogen-based family of materials because they not only have a wide range of thermal and chemical stabilities, but can also provide improved thermal and flame-retardant properties to polymers. The present paper reports on the synthesis and characterisation of Schiff’s base compounds and their performance in alkyd resin coatings.
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Fitri, Noor, Rahmat Riza, Muhammad Kurnia Akbari, Nada Khonitah, Rifaldi Lutfi Fahmi und Is Fatimah. „Identification of Citronella Oil Fractions as Efficient Bio-Additive for Diesel Engine Fuel“. Designs 6, Nr. 1 (14.02.2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs6010015.
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Escalation fuel consumption occurs in various regions of the world. However, world oil reserves decline from year to year so that it becomes scarce and causes oil prices to surge up. This problem can be solved by saving fuel consumption. One method of saving fuel is adding bio-additives from citronella oil as a sustainable resource to diesel fuels. Citronellal, citronellol and geraniol are the main components of citronella oil which can be used as fuel additives. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of citronella oil fractions as bio-additives to the performance of diesel engine. The research stages include: extraction of citronella oil, vacuum fractionation of citronella oil, physical chemical characterization of citronella oil and its fractions, formulation of bio-additive -fuel blending, characterization of blending, and evaluation of fuel efficiency. The effect of concentration of the bio-additives was examined towards three diesel fuels; dexlite, pertamina-dex, and biosolar. The results showed two main fractions of citronella oil; citronellal dominant component (FA) and citronellol-geraniol dominant components (FB). The concentration variation of bio-additives was 0.1–0.5%. Fuel consumption efficiency was tested using diesel engine at an engine speed of 2000 rpm and a load increment of 1000, 2000 and 3000 psi with 7 min running time. The fractions represented the different tendencies to enhance the fuel efficiency up to 46%, influenced by the mixture’s concentration. Generally, citronella oil and the fractions showed the potency as bio-additive to diesel fuels.
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Armero, E., und C. Collar. „Antistaling additive effects on fresh wheat bread quality / Efectos de los aditivos antienvejecimiento sobre la calidad del pan fresco“. Food Science and Technology International 2, Nr. 5 (Oktober 1996): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329600200506.
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Straight and soured wheat breads formulated with antistaling additives (emulsifiers, hydrocol loids and fungal α-amylase) from white and whole flours were investigated for physico-chemical and sensory characteristics according to a fractionated factorial design, L32 . Quality of formulated fresh breads was related with chemical and physical properties. Additive effects were highly dependent on both the flour type and the breadmaking process used. Most of them performed as initial crumb softeners, effects being more pronounced in whole breads. Hydrocolloids showed similar softening effects to emulsifiers. Chemical parameters of doughs and breads were mainly influenced by the addition of emulsifiers. Antistaling additives also showed some secondary effects on other sensory properties (e.g., flavour and eatability), resulting in different crumb firmness- bread quality relationships. Synergistic and antagonistic interactions between additives were summarized (DATEM*SSL, α-amylase*SSL, α-amylase*HPMC).
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TRACHEVSKYI, V. V., und O. M. FAINLEIB. „MODIFICATION OF CEMENT-CONCRETE MIXTURES WITH POLYMER ADDITIVES, STRUCTURED CARBON NANOTUBES“. Polymer journal 44, Nr. 2 (20.06.2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.44.02.101.
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The use of complex modifiers for cement-concrete mixtures and concretes is becoming increasingly popular in modern materials science. The paper presents studies of the effect of a polymer additive structured with carbon nanomaterial on the physical and mechanical characteristics of cement-concrete mixtures. IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry revealed that the use of carbon nanomaterial significantly changes the structure of cement-concrete mixtures. As a result of the fact that high-strength nanomaterial is the center of crystallization of cement stone formations, a denser reinforced microstructure is formed, which significantly increases the strength characteristics of cement-concrete mixtures. Inclusion in the composition of cement-concrete mixtures of polymer complex additives leads to higher and longer plasticization, which plays an important role in the production of monolithic products. It is established that in the presence of a complex modifier (polymer additive structured with carbon nanotubes) the crystal structure of calcium hydrosilicates is compacted, which causes high physical and mechanical characteristics of modified cement-concrete mixtures. It is experimentally shown that the additive acts as an accelerator of hardening and hardening of cement paste, as well as increases its strength characteristics. In general, for all cement-concrete mixtures in this study there is a water-reducing effect of the additive. Water consumption decreases by 5 wt. %, while the strength increases by 19%. Formulations of cement-concrete mixtures modified with polymer additives, structured carbon nanotubes, with high performance characteristics have been developed.
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Gil, Damian Marek, und Grzegorz Ludwik Golewski. „Potential of siliceous fly ash and silica fume as a substitute for binder in cementitious concretes“. E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900030.
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Nowadays, concrete constructions are often erected from a material that has been modified with mineral additives or chemical admixtures. Thanks to such modifications, modern and innovative visions of architects and constructors are realizable. Modification of concrete microstructure with mineral additives results in a partial change of its properties as well as physical and mechanical parameters. Ecological and economic reasons are an additional cause of increased interest in the potential use of such additives as fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), lime powder or granulated blast-furnace slag. The basic physical mechanism of interaction of FA and SF with concrete is primarily to seal the composite microstructure. In the paper a concrete modified with a constant amount of densified silica fume, and a variable percentage amount of siliceous fly ash was analyzed. Concrete samples have been subjected to mechanical and physical tests. Their results allowed to determine the optimal composition of a concrete mix containing the mineral supplements in the context of planned experiments. The use of a combined SF and FA additive as a substitute for a cement binder in a concrete mix allows for an optimal increase in the strength parameters of the concrete, thus not degrading its physical properties. The article presents the characteristics of materials used to make concretes and then analyzes the results of the composites' tests. An in-depth analysis of the results showed the usefulness of silica fumes and siliceous fly ashes as useful raw materials for a concrete production.
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Lo, Ming, Seyed Amir Paknejad, Harry Borrill, Wan K. Kong, Addo Addo-Kwabena, Mohamed Saidoune, Chris Powley, Naim Kapadia, Yang Zuo und Samjid H. Mannan. „Comparative study of how additives affect sintered silver microstructure in die-attach applications“. Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2019, HiTen (01.07.2019): 000061–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491.2019.hiten.000061.
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Abstract Die attach materials based on silver nanoparticles which sinter at temperatures in the range 200–300 °C are a comparatively new technology. The properties of the sintered structure can be affected by a wide range of additives which can alter the physical and chemical characteristics of the joints. In this study, a commercially available Ag nanoparticle paste has been used as the base, and a range of additives have been added principally to determine the effect of each additive on the sintered microstructure immediately after sintering, and after long term thermal ageing. The additives trialled include Au, Sn, Cu, and Zn. In each case the additive powder was mixed with the original paste and the microstructure after sintering was compared to the microstructure after ageing at 250 °C for 24 h. Another method of introducing an additive into the system is adding it as a mesh, interposed between die and substrate and immersed in the silver paste. Au was added in both this form, and in the form of a powder additive. The mesh results in a thermodynamically stable microstructure up to at least 500 °C. The design takes advantage of solid–solid interdiffusion bonding which results in a die attach assembly with a continuous, non-porous gold-silver interdiffusion layer running all the way from the die to the substrate.
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Komarov, M. I., E. S. Trapeznikova und N. A. Makarov. „INFLUENCE OF CARBON NANOSUBSTRUCTURES ON THE PHYSICAL AND EXPLOITATION PROPERTIES IN STRUCTURAL CERAMICS IN THE Al2O3–ZrO2 SYSTEM“. Steklo i Keramika, Nr. 7 (Juli 2022): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/glc.2022.07.pp.022-028.
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The influence of the concentration of decorated carbon nanotubes and the influence of the concentration of eutectic additives, as well as the effect of the firing regime on the strength characteristics of the structural ceramic material were considered. During the investigation, it was found that the best properties have samples with a four-component additive introduced in an amount of 6 wt. %. The optimum concentration of carbon nanotubes was 1.5 wt. %.
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Balykov, Artemy S., Tatyana A. Nizina, Vladimir V. Volodin und Vladimir M. Kyashkin. „Effects of Calcination Temperature and Time on the Physical-Chemical Efficiency of Thermally Activated Clays in Cement Systems“. Materials Science Forum 1017 (Januar 2021): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1017.61.
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Introduction of finely disperse mineral additives of natural and man-made origin to Portland cement in order to improve the indicators of its physical-mechanical properties and partially replace clinker is one of the urgent directions for solving the resource and energy saving problems, as well as environmental protection problems in the production and application of building materials. The expansion of the raw material base of mineral additives can be achieved by using calcined polymineral clays, which are common in many regions of the Russian Federation, including the Republic of Mordovia. The article presents the results of research on the effects of calcination temperature and time of thermally activated polymineral clays of the Republic of Mordovia on their physical-chemical efficiency in cement systems. According to the study results of dehydration processes of clay minerals using the synchronous thermal analysis, it is established that the optimum calcination temperature for clays of Nikitsky and Staroshaigovsky deposits located in the area of 500–800 °C. This temperature range corresponds to the processes of the initial crystal structure restructuring of clay minerals of the kaolinite and illite groups, associated with their dehydroxylation, which contributes to the transition of these phases to the active form. The optimization of calcination parameters of polymineral clays based on the study results of influence of their additives on the mixed cement binder activity confirmed the thermal analysis data. It was found that the production of mineral additives with the highest values of the activity index is facilitated by 2-hour heat treatment of clays at 700 °C. At the specified calcination parameters, the replacement of 10% of Portland cement with the additive of thermally activated Nikitsky clay allows achieving the mixed binder activity that exceeds by 3 % the same indicator of mixed binder based on Portland cement and high-quality metakaolin.