Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Phylloderma“

A reproductive colony of Phylloderma stenops was established in captivity. The bats were maintained in 1/2" wired screen cages sized 90 × 60 × 80 cm in a room with cycles of 13 hours of light and 11 hours of dark and with temperature and humidity ranging from 27 to 31 °C and 75 to 90% respectively. Bats were fed with a semi-liquid diet composed of chopped fruits, raw eggs, bovine meat, dog food, honey, dehydrated shrimp, salt and a vitamin and mineral complex offered daily. In the first two years of confinement the diet was complemented with laboratory-raised cockroaches, mealworms, young mice and seasonal fruits. Nine births occurred from three wild caught females 770-1050 days after capture and two captive-born females. Births occurred in September, February and November-December. The neonate measured 15.0 g of weight and present 34.1 mm of forearm length. Two captive-born females gave birth for the first time at 402-445 days of age. Phylloderma stenops species presents postpartum oestrus, gestation of 5.5 months, lactation of 3.3 months and sexual maturity at 8.0-8.5 months. Fetuses are palpable around two months before birth and females may present synchronisation of births.

There are only a few published bat surveys from the southwestern Brazilian Amazon, but recent studies have reported additional bats species in the region. We provide the first list of bat species from Floresta Estadual do Antimary (Antimary State Forest) and record for the first time Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896 and Phylloderma stenops Peters, 1865 in the state of Acre, increasing to 64 the number of species known from this state. Our survey enlarges the known geographic range of G. sylvestris in Brazilian territory and improves the inventory of bat species in a poorly sampled region of the Amazon. 

Based on revisionary work of recently collected material in Colombian museums we confirm the presence of Phylloderma stenops Peters, 1865 in 6 new localities for the country, including the first record of the species in the dry lowlands of the northern Caribbean coast, and the increase by more than 800 m of the elevational range of the species in Colombia. DNA-barcoding confirmed our morphological identification, and supported a paraphyletic composition of the cis-Andean populations. Our records exemplify the little knowledge on the ecogeographic distribution of this species and provide further evidence to consider this as a widespread but rare species.

Phyllodesma permana sp. nov. is described from wastelands of northern China (Ningxia Hui AR). A new species is compared with Phyllodesma sinina (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891), Phyllodesma jurii I. Kostjuk, 1992 and Phyllodesma mongolicum I. Kostjuk & Zolotuhin, 1994. Adults and male genitalia of two latter species are illustrated, and the differences among these taxa and Ph. permana sp. nov. are discussed. The holotype will be deposited in the Insect collection, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University (Tianjin, China). A list of the nowadays known from China Phyllodesma is given.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the taxonomic diversity of fossil and extant bats from the region of the Serra da Mesa in the State of Goias, Central Brazil. Quaternary fossils were obtained from four limestone caves, namely Igrejinha, Carneiro, Nossa Senhora Aparecida, and Itambé. Information on extant bat fauna used for comparison were obtained from literature and from the collection of Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro). The taxonomic identification of the fragments was based on a comparative study of the masticatory apparatus of extant and fossil bat species. A total of 430 fragments were identified, comprising 27 species: Anoura geoffroyi, Artibeus sp., Carollia sp., Chrotopterus auritus, Desmodus rotundus, Desmodus sp., Emballonuridae sp. indet., Eptesicus/ Histiotus, Glossophaga sp., Lionycteris spurrelli, Lonchorhina aurita, Micronycteris megalotis, Mimon bennetti, Mimon crenulatum, Molossidae sp. indet., Myotis sp., Natalus stramineus, Phylloderma sp. n., Phyllostomus discolor, Phyllostomus hastatus, Platyrrhinus sp., Pteronotus davyi, Pteronotus parnelli, Sturnira sp., Tonatia sp. n., Lophostoma silvicola, and Trachops cirrhosus. Phyllostomidae was the most speciose family, but surprisingly most of the fossil fragments were attributed to the families Natalidae and Mormoopidae. Both of which are rare in the area today. The population reduction of these hot-humid-cave dwelling species (Natalus and Pteronotus) may suggest the climate of the area was warmer and wetter during some interval of the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene. This study presents the first record of the genera Lionycteris, Lonchorhina and Trachops from the Quaternary of South America. The diversity of Chiroptera found in Serra da Mesa is equivalent to that described for Bahia, which heretofore has the most abundant record for Quaternary bats from South America.

Cette thèse explore la systématique moléculaire et morphologique des chauves-souris Phyllostomidées, utilisant des génomes mitochondriaux complets pour éclairer les relations évolutives, le statut taxonomique et la spéciation cryptique au sein de cette famille diverse. Dans le premier chapitre, je présente une phylogénie révisée des Phyllostomidae basée sur des génomes mitochondriaux complets de 26 espèces, dont 23 ont été nouvellement séquencées pour cette étude. Grâce à une analyse minutieuse, j'ai établi un cadre évolutif robuste qui clarifie les relations auparavant incertaines parmi les sous-familles, notamment celles des Lonchorhininae et des Macrotinae. Ce travail pose les bases pour une classification plus précise au sein de la famille. Le deuxième chapitre se concentre sur le genre Trachops, réévaluant son statut taxonomique à travers une approche intégrée combinant des données morphologiques, morphométriques et moléculaires. Nos découvertes suggèrent l'élévation de T. cirrhosus ehrhardti au rang d'espèce, reconnaissant sa distinction génétique et morphologique dans le sud-est du Brésil. En plus, je ne trouve aucun soutien pour maintenir T. c. coffini comme une sous-espèce distincte. Le genre Trachops comprendrait alors deux espèces monotypiques, T. cirrohosus et T. ehrhardti. Le troisième chapitre enquête sur la biodiversité et la spéciation cryptique potentielle au sein des genres Phylloderma et Macrophyllum, avec un accent particulier sur la révélation d'une nouvelle espèce cryptique d'Amérique centrale. Les analyses complètes indiquent la présence de deux clades fortement soutenus au sein de Phylloderma stenops et Macrophyllum macrophyllum, menant à la proposition d'élever la population d'Amérique centrale du Nord de Phylloderma, P. s. septentrionalis, au rang d'espèce, et l'introduction de Macrophyllum sp. nov., une nouvelle espèce endémique de la région. Cette thèse souligne la complexité de la diversité des chauves-souris Phyllostomidées et le rôle crucial des analyses moléculaires et morphologiques intégrées pour découvrir la diversité cachée. Cette contribution fournit une compréhension plus claire des processus de spéciation chez les chauves-souris tropicales, soulignant l'importance d'une classification taxonomique précise pour des stratégies de conservation efficaces
This thesis explores the molecular and morphological systematics of Phyllostomid bats, utilizing complete mitochondrial genomes to illuminate the evolutionary relationships, taxonomic status, and cryptic speciation within this diverse family. In the first chapter, I present a revised phylogeny of Phyllostomidae based on complete mitochondrial genomes from 26 species, 23 of which are newly sequenced for this study. Through meticulous analysis, I achieved a robust evolutionary framework that clarifies previously uncertain relationships among subfamilies, notably those of Lonchorhininae and Macrotinae. This work sets the stage for a more accurate classification within the family. The second chapter focuses on the genus Trachops, reassessing its taxonomic status through an integrated approach that combines morphological, morphometric, and molecular data. Our findings suggest the elevation of T. cirrhosus ehrhardti to species status, recognizing its genetic and morphological distinctiveness in southeastern Brazil. Additionally, I find no support for maintaining T. c. coffini as a distinct subspecies. The genus Trachops would then consist of two monotypic species, T. cirrohosus, and T. ehrhardti. Chapter three investigates the biodiversity and potential cryptic speciation within the genera Phylloderma and Macrophyllum, with a particular emphasis on revealing a new cryptic species from Central America. Our comprehensive analyses indicate the presence of two highly supported clades within both Phylloderma stenops and Macrophyllum macrophyllum, leading to the proposal of elevating the North Central American population of Phylloderma, P. s. septentrionalis, to species status, and the introduction of Macrophyllum sp. nov., a new species endemic to the region. This thesis underscores the complexity of Phyllostomid bat diversity and the critical role of integrated molecular and morphological analyses in uncovering hidden diversity. This contribution provides a clearer understanding of speciation processes in tropical bats, emphasizing the importance of accurate taxonomic classification for effective conservation strategies