Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Phyllidiidae“

Nudibranchia are mollusks without a shell. They are simultaneous hermaphrodites and are carnivores while some of them are cannibals. Nudibranchia are frequent occupants and foraging on coral reefs. The study was conducted at two locations, namely Waleo Village Waters representing the waters of Mollucas and Sulawesi Sea was represented by Kalasey Village. The difference in the location of the two waters is expected to affect the existence of community structures. The present study includes diversity, richness, evenness, dominance and similarity. A line transect was used to collect data. We found 84 individuals from both study sites representing 8 species of Nudibranchia, which fall into 4 genera and 3 families namely, Pteraeolididae, Phyllidiidae, and Chromodorididae. The most common family was the Phyllidiidae. The similarity value at both locations was 54.5%© Penelitian tentang struktur komunitas gastropoda nudibranchia telah dilakukan di dua lokasi yaitu Desa Waleo (Laut Maluku) dan Desa Kalasey (Laut Sulawesi). Struktur komunitas yang dikaji meliputi studi keanekaragaman, kekayaan, kemerataan, dominansi dan kesamaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah line transect. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, dari kedua lokasi, ditemukan 84 individu yang terdiri dari 8 jenis yang masuk dalam 4 genera dan 3 famili (Pteraeolididae, Phyllidiidae, dan Chromodorididae). Famili Phyllidiidae adalah yang paling umum ditemukan. Nilai kesamaan di kedua lokasi adalah 54,5%©

Nudibranchia is the largest order of Opistobranchia which is known to have about 3,000 species. Nudibranchia is a popular macro photography object among divers. Although Tulamben Waters, Bali is one of popular destination for macrobiota’s habitat, but research on marine biota, especially nudibranchia in these waters is still very rare. This study uses two methods, which is direct observation to reveal diversity and species number, belt transect methods to estimate density or abundance per sampling area using diving techniques . A transect line of 50 m at each point of observation site was used to evaluate abundance. This study wants to see the level of diversity, mapping various species and abundance of nudibranchia. For biodiversity, 31 species from 15 families are found, Chromodoridae, Dorididae, Elysiidae, Facelinidae, Flabellinidae, Goniodorididae, Halgerdidae, Hexabranchidae, Phyllidiidae Polyceridae, Hydatinidae, Costasiellidae, Elysiidae and Limapontiidae. Whereas the transect method found 12 species from 6 families, Chromodoridae, Facelinidae, Phyllidiidae Aglajidae, Costasiellidae, and Elysiidae. With a diversity index of 2.27 and the highest level of abundance found in Pteraeolidia ianthina species with a relative abundance of 0.19%.

Pantai Penimbangan terletak Desa Baktiseraga, Kecamatan Buleleng merupakan kawasan pusat kota Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali yang memiliki hamparan pasir hitam. Kegiatan konservasi penyu di kawasan ini meningkatkan gairah masyarakat dalam menjaga kelestarian ekosistem terumbu karang. Salah satu biota yang beriteraksi di ekosistem terumbu karang adalah nudibranch. Keberadaan nudibranch di Pantai Penimbangan diharapkan mampu menjadi alternatif potensi wisata yang bisa dikembangkan, sehingga antusiasisme masyarakat untuk menjaga kelestarian ekosistem pesisir akan terus terjaga. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperkuat data dasar ekologi tentang keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan nudibranch. Penelitian populasi nudibranch dinilai dengan sensus visual mengikuti line intercept transect. Penelitian nudibranch di Pantai Penimbangan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 12 famili yaitu Chromodorididae, Phyllidiidae, Discodorididae, Aeolidiidae, Elysiidae, Aglajidae, Bornellidae, Facelinidae, Flabellinidae, Hexabranchidae, Limapontiidae, dan Pleurobranchidae, dengan 42 jenis. Kelompok Chromodorididae dan Phyllidiidae adalah kelompok yang umum dijumpai di Perairan Pantai Penimbangan. Kedua kelompok ini memanfaatkan patahan karang yang menjadi subsrat perairan sebagai tempat berlindung. Komposisi substrat sangat menentukan kekayaan nudibranch, kategori substrat yang menentukan keberadaan nudibranch adalah dead coal with alga, sponge, dan hard coral. Tingginya persentase dead coral with alga, dan sponge berbanding lurus dengan keanekaragaman nudibranch, dan hard coral berbanding terbalik dengan keanekaragaman nudibranch. Kriteria indeks keanekaragaman tinggi dengan nilai 2,6199, Indeks keseragaman 0,7055 dan nilai dominansi 0,0342. Tingkat kelimpahan tertinggi pada jenis Hypselodoris tryoni. Penimbangan Beach is located in Baktiseraga Village, Buleleng District, which is the downtown area of Buleleng Regency, Bali which has a stretch of black sand. Turtle conservation activities in this area increase the enthusiasm of the community in preserving the coral reef ecosystem. One of the biota that interacts in the coral reef ecosystem is the nudibranch. The existence of nudibranchs at Penimbangan Beach is expected to be an alternative tourism potential that can be developed, so that public enthusiasm for preserving coastal ecosystems will continue to be maintained. This study aims to strengthen the basic ecological data on the diversity and abundance of nudibranchs. The study of the nudibranch population was assessed by visual census following the line intercept transect. Research on nudibranchs at Penimbangan Beach showed that there were 12 families namely Chromodorididae, Phyllidiidae, Discodorididae, Aeolidiidae, Elysiidae, Aglajidae, Bornellidae, Facelinidae, Flabellinidae, Hexabranchidae, Limapontiidae, and Pleurobranchidae, with 42 species. Chromodorididae and Phyllidiidae groups are common groups found in Penimbangan Beach. Both of these groups take advantage of coral fractures which become the substrate of the waters as a shelter. Substrate composition greatly determines the richness of nudibranchs, the substrate categories that determine the presence of nudibranchs are dead coral with algae, sponges, and hard corals. The high percentage of dead coal with algae, and sponges is directly proportional to nudibranch diversity, and hard coral is inversely proportional to nudibranch diversity. The criteria for the high diversity index are 2.6199, the uniformity index is 0.7055 and the dominance value is 0.0342. The highest abundance level was in Hypselodoris tryoni.

With the complexity of the family Phyllidiidae and the problems of identification in the Indo-West Pacific, the story of the Red Sea species continues to unfold. One new species and one new record are added to the Red Sea fauna, both belonging to the genus Phyllidiella. Phyllidiella amphitritesp. nov. is described from a single specimen from the northern Red Sea and clearly differs from all species of Phyllidiella in having pale yellow pigment on the tubercles. Phyllidiella zeylanica is newly recorded from the Red Sea with five specimen records and several photographed individuals; other than this, it has a western Indian Ocean distribution. Phyllidia schupporum was collected for the first time since its original description; because its distribution is now extended to the Persian Gulf, it is no longer considered endemic to the Red Sea. The distribution of the Red Sea endemic Phyllidia dautzenbergi is extended northwards to Hurghada, Egypt. A small specimen of the endemic Phyllidiopsis sinaiensis was found at 214–237 m depth just at the mouth of the Red Sea, which is a bathymetrical range extension from its previous shallow coral reef records. The identifications of other species are revisited. A new species of Paradoris is described as Paradoris hypocritasp. nov., differing from the well-known but localised West Pacific P. liturata which also resembles a phyllidiid. This new species was recorded many years ago by published photographs, and it is relatively common in the Red Sea, evidenced by several specimens and additional photographs. It is described herein, and is considered a Red Sea endemic, differing from both the unnamed Indian Ocean species and the named Pacific species.