Dissertationen zum Thema „Phrases relatives“
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Bellier, Marion Aubin Ghislaine. „La compréhension des phrases relatives objets chez les aphasiques quelle rééducation ? /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=19066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiu, Chang. „Existential Sentences in Mandarin Chinese : (Les phrases existentielles en chinois mandarin)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation investigates the syntax and semantics of four types of Existential sentences (ESs) classified by Huang (1987) in Mandarin Chinese. These ESs are based on yǒu ‘have’ (Type I), verbs of (dis)appearances like lái ‘come’ and sǐ ‘die’ (Type II), locational verbs like zuò ‘sit' (Type III) and Presentational Amalgam Constructions (Type IV). For each type of ESs, I propose non-uniform syntactic analysis based on their syntactic and semantic properties.In Chapter 2, we investigate the yǒu ‘have’-ES both in root contexts and in certain embedded contexts. Full-fledged yǒu ‘have’-ESs are composed of a pre-yǒu localiser phrase, yǒu ‘have’, a pivot and a coda. Scholars have compared them to English there be existentials (Milsark 1974, McNally 1997). In root contexts, it is argued that the ES with a subject (a localiser phrase) has a predication structure, and the pivot denotes property. By contrast, the ES without an overt subject has an expletive subject, and the pivot is an internal argument. We argue that yǒu ‘have’ is not an unaccusative verb. With a coda, the complement of yǒu ‘have’ is argued to be a left-headed Internally Headed Relative Clause, in which the internal head moves to Spec,CP of the clause (Raising Analysis, see also Simpson 2003/1997). It is further argued that this type of RC in yǒu-ESs has a common core structure with the pre-nominal relative clause with a demonstrative head noun (without the modification marker de). This is reminiscent of the analysis that definite and indefinite free relatives share a common relative clause structure in Chuj (Kotek & Erlewine 2016).In certain embedded contexts such as rúguǒ ‘if’-clause and sentential subject, the yǒu-ES does not exhibit the Definiteness Effect (Li 1996). We follow Li in analysing the complement of yǒu ‘have’ as having a vP/VP structure. We take this vP to denote event type. The subject is an expletive. Furthermore, I provide my first analysis of Presentational Amalgam Constructions (PACs). The PAC has been studied under the name Secondary Predication Constructions in the literature (Tsai 1994, Del Gobbo 2014). The term implies the analysis in which the coda is a secondary predicate. I argue that the post-verbal sequence has a relative clause, in which the pivot is the External Head, and the coda is originally left-adjoined to the pivot. Inside the coda clause, the Internal Head NP moves and gets elided against the External Head (Matching Analysis). The surface pivot-coda order is achieved as a result of the movement of the pivot to a higher object position. This analysis partially revives Tai’s (1978) analysis
Benshenshin, Marwa. „Le mot quoi et ses équivalents arabes mā et māḏā dans les phrases interrogatives, percontatives, relatives et intégratives : Étude Contrastive“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis comparative study examines the interrogative, percontative, relative (with antecedent)and integrative (with no antecedent) uses of quoi the indefinite pronoun in French and itsequivalents mā and māḏā in Arabic. Our corpus is taken from twentieth century literature,especially novels and plays of Margueritte Duras and Marcel Pagnol for French, and NaguibMahfouz for Arabic. We first see how the uses of these three pronouns are governed by theircharacteristics and syntactic properties. We analyze the syntactic behavior of mā and māḏā intheir interrogative uses compared with their French equivalent quoi. We will see that there aresimilarities and differences between the two languages, especially regarding their syntacticautonomy in their position in the sentence. We also examine the use of quoi, mā and māḏā insubordination, as percontatifs, relatives and integratives. Our analysis shows that the differentforms of percontative are explained by the characteristics of the three pronouns. For the lasttwo uses, there are many points of divergence between mā and quoi, especially regarding thetype of antecedent being used. In terms of integrative use mā, through its syntactic properties,admits more functions in the sentence than its equivalent quoi
Le, Pesant Denis. „La regle de montee une regle pour l'analyse des constructions relatives, des descriptions definies, des extractions et des phrases interrogatives. Syntaxe du francais“. Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe borrowed from j. R. Vergnaud the principle of the analysis according the rule of raising. For us there is one condition to raising: the np that is to be raised must be provided with an indefinite determiner. The np is shifted to the head of the sentence. Besides it is provided with the discontinuous unit "le. . . Qu-": je vois un homme. L'homme que je vois. We have mainly distinguished two relativizations. We start from a basic structure with two sentences such as: si je vois un homme s2 (e) est luc relativization 1: the gap in s2 is filled by a np produced by raising in s1. S1 is then erased. We have got: l'homme que je vois est luc. Relativization 2: same process as seen above, without the erasing of s1. The np embedded in s2 is converted, according morphosyntactic rules, into one of the forms of the relative pronoun or into other pronominal forms. We have got either "je vois un homme qui est luc" or "je vois un homme. Celui-ci est luc". Thus relativization is a particular case of pronominalization. Besides it appeared to us that a np generated by raising is underlying in every definite np, except if it is a name or a noun referring to a unique thing. We eventually tried to use raising in the analysis of extractions (c'est. . . Qu-) and interrogative sentences
Le, Pesant Denis. „La Règle de montée une règle pour l'analyse des constructions relatives, des descriptions définies, des extractions et des phrases interrogatives : syntaxe du français /“. Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376073315.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHaffar, Bilal Kamel. „La phrase relative chez Terence : étude linguistique et philologique de la phrase relative dans l'œuvre de P. Terentius Afer“. Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040244.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of the relative clause shows that is impossible to reduce the relative clause to a unique pattern which is adopted by the majority of the linguistic theoreticians: the pattern with antecedent. Others patterns emerge and the casual distribution of the relative pronoun shows that are three patterns fundamentally different : the binary pattern : qui is ; the is. . . Qui pattern and the tripartite pattern: antecedent + relatif pronoun + sv. The philological exam and the numeric analyses had renforced our hypothesis
Bassols, Codina Sergio. „La phrase relative en kurde central : étude syntaxique“. Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030129.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work offers a synchronic study of the relative claus in central kurdish or sorani, principal dialect in iraq and iran. This study, excepting one collection of popular tales from the erbil's district (iraqi kurdistan), is based on a corpus of written texts, which come from the literary language, as it is actually used by the kurds in iraq and iran. The divergences between the various speechs which come from central kurdish have been studied using particular forms which appear in the different texts of the corpus. Nevertheless, we didn't find relevant differencies for the relative clause in these different texts. In the analysis of the relative, the syntaxic aspect has been largely priviligied. But, the semantic aspect was not neglected, particulary when it was morpho-syntaxically pertinent. The study includes six principal parts : 1) general considerations about the relative clause; 2) the antecedent : nature and determination of the antecedent, the demonstrative as antecedent; 3) structure of the relative clause: place of the relative clause, particles, pronouns of resumption, structure of indefinite relative clauses; 4) kinds of relative clauses: descriptive and restrictive clauses; circumstantial relative clauses; 5) complex relative clauses : coordinate relative clauses, subordinate relative clauses , clauses subordinated to relative clauses; 6) the use of tenses and modes. A comparison with northern kurdish or kurman dji is sketched out in the conclusions
Taghvaipour, Mehran A. „Persian relative clauses in head-driven phrase structure grammar“. Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418361.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHennequin, Laurent. „Les relations syntaxiques dans la phrase en thai͏̈“. Paris, INALCO, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INAL0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study gives a comprehensive description of syntactic relations in the sentences of contemporary standard Thai by using the methods affiliated to the Saussurian school of linguistics. After a review of the literature on the subject (Chapter I), the study proceeds in examining the working concepts used for the description, as well as the problems which occur when adapting them to a language such as Thai (Chapter II). Particular attention is paid to the importance of word order in this language and to the treatment which is given to the signifying units by examining the problems of their invariability and of their liability to asume various syntactic functions. This is followed by a description of the syntactic structure of Thai sentences with an analysis of their components, namely a predicate, participants, adjunct phrases, dependencies of the former elements, and relators, together with the devices used to establish the hierarchic structure of the sentence (Chapter III). The following chapter makes the inventory of the various syntactic relations the elements can contract between each other within a sentence depending on its hierarchy and the inventory of the paradigms instituted by the possible relations. Some other facts are observed concerning the behaviour of signifying units in order to indicate some features original to Thai. The last chapter (Chapter V) examines, in terms of tendencies, how the units are allocated to the various paradigms thus identified. Finally, the conclusion examines the correlations between the components of the syntactic system as identified and between these components and the rest of the system as a whole so as to present an insight into the outline of the systemic organisation of Thai in its originality
Bouanane, Ahmed. „Analyse syntactico-sémantique de la phrase relative en arabe littéraire écrit“. Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we have emphasized on some syntactic and semantic questions related to the way how relative sentences could be constructed in written arabic, and its specific characteristics as compared to on the one hand, the morrocan arabic and on the other hand, other languages belonging to different language families. Firstly, we have analysed the formal structure of relative sentences by emphasizing on their formal similarities with concessive and indirect interrogative sentences. Secondly, we have identified tow types of relative sentences: those which are with and without antecedent
Klipple, Elizabeth Mary. „The aspectual nature of thematic relations : locative and temporal phrases in English and Chinese“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13364.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBelcadi, Khadija. „Les relations interphrastiques, analyses et interprétations“. Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to study the essential linguistic processes that make it possible to create a connection between two contiguous phrases. These processes are, by definition, syntactic, semantic and prosodic (particularly intonation). We examined a number of the problems intrinsic to the subject during this research, such as the definition of the analysis unit and its delimitation, as before one can discuss interphraseological relations, it is first necessary to know where a phrase stops. We treated this subject in parallel with concepts of coherence and cohesion which made it possible, during our analysis, to link the study of interphraseological contunuity with parameters such as the opposition of written and oral codes, dialogic and monologic registers and, finally and most importantly, speech typology. Three types of sequences were chosen : narration, description and conversation. It can be seen that each of the cited aspects has some influence on the choice and use of continuity processes, whether in terms of their frequency, behaviour or nature
Lee, Il-jae. „Development of morphosyntactic features of the complementizer phrase in L2 relative clauses of Korean learners“. Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed on Nov. 20, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-165). Also issued in print.
Mohammed, Ali Aousouk. „Agreement in relative clauses and the theory of phrase structure : a study of Standard Arabic“. Thesis, Bangor University, 2004. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/agreement-in-relative-clauses-and-the-theory-of-phrase-structure--a-study-of-standard-arabic(427cf53f-65f8-46f3-8466-2ee54c6b0fb3).html.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiakité, Mohamed Lamine. „Relations entre les phrases : contribution à la représentation sémantique des textes pour la compréhension automatique du langage naturel“. Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work described in this thesis presents an approach of semantic representation of texts to contribute to an automatic comprehension of the natural language. The proposed approach is based on the evidence of the need for knowledge on the analyzed texts in order to discover their meaning. We thus proposed a semi-automatic approach of knowledge acquisition from texts. This acquisition is guided by a hierarchy of classes of entities organized in an ontology. Based on the principle of compositional semantic, we propose to identify relations between different entities of the text. We were interested in particular in the problem of pronominal anaphora for which we proposed a resolution method
Cohen, Maria Antonieta Amarante de Mendonça. „Syntactic change in portuguese : relative clauses and the position on the adjective in the noun phrase“. [s.n.], 1989. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/268977.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is the examination of syntactic changes in the Portuguese Noun Phrase. The data on which it is based consist of successive texts which are taken as representative of consecutive periods of the Portuguese language, from the 14th c onwards. Some information about present-day Brazilian Portuguese also given. Firstly, the position of the Adjective with respect to the Noun in the Noun Phrase 15 investigated within a word order change framework. According to the statistical analysis of the Adjective, Old/Middle Portuguese has shown a predominant order adjective/Noun (AN) whereas Modern Portuguese is predominantly Noun/Adjective (NA). The data available show a sharp decrease in the use of of Adjectives around the 18th C. After that time Postposition replaced Anteposition as the preferred order...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
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Hafidi, Mohamed. „Structure syntaxique et semantique de la phrase complexe en arabe litteraire contemporain. (topicalisee, completive et relative)“. Paris 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA030088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research is devoted to the analysis of two major topics. First, the relationship between form and content (syntax and semantic). Second, the analysis of certain aspects of the complex sentence in contemporary literary arabic. The first point, however constitutes the general body in which this study is treated. In fact, the principal question risen here is as follows : is the linguistic analysis, exclusively based on the form -regard less to the content- rigorous and exhaustive for the study of a given language? the answer this study presents is a negative one. However, the study of certain linguistic theories such as the generative grammar and the structural syntax (in the first part), and the analysis of concrete structure of language, arabic in this case (in the second, third and fourth parts), such a study shows us that the formal ana- lyses are too far to illuminate the problems that the analysis of the structure of a language rises. Departing from the formalist studies of g. Ayoub, "la structure de la phrase verbale en arabe standard" and a. Fassi fihri, "la linguistique arabe, form et interpretation", it seems that a formal analysis does not exhaust all the problems of the structures of arabic lan- guage suggest, such as the topic structure, the completing structure and the relative structure. Some formal hypothesises like "topic" and "complementzer phrase". . . Remain non convincing. Therefore we think that an analysis not separating form and content is as adequate as necessary. Hence, the implicit postulate "functional structure" is the most pertinent level for the study of a language as well as for the analysis of the relationship between the syntax and the semantic
Hafidi, Mohamed. „Structure syntaxique et sémantique de la phrase complexe en arabe littéraire contemporain topicalisée, complétive et relative“. Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598141v.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArvine, Mehdi. „Approche contrastive des phrasèmes persans et français relatifs à MAIN-DAST“. Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030122.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe choice of this work was justified, initially, by the lack of a Persian - French and French - Persian dictionary of phrasemes relating to the parts of the human body. Taking into account the considerable number of the phrasemes relating to the parts of the human body; this work laid down the aim to study the phrasemes relating to the parts of the human body most employed in the French and Persian phrasemes, that’s to say main (hand in French) and دست /dast/ (hand-arm in Persian). Then we created the meta-linguistics word MAIN-DAST. This task enabled us to distinguish three categories of phrasemes by crossing the semantics and syntactic studies. These three categories (“formulary” meaning, “emblematic” meaning and “compositional” meaning) are proposed to compose each article of our future dictionary of phrasèmes. The semantic unity of the phrasemes will help this dictionary to put a mono-semantic phraseme of the original language opposite a mono-semantic phraseme of the target language, which will help the translator or the interpreter to avoid the problem of the polysemy of the lexemes
Abdoulhamid, Ali. „La subordonnée participiale au participe passé en Français : de la phrase au discours“. Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe typology of French subordinate participial clauses studied here is grounded in their context, which is shown to partially determine their distribution (‘pure’ or naked, introduced by a temporal adverbial, or yet containing the auxiliary étant ‘being’). When naked, the clause always entertains a relationship of coreference with the events denoted in the preceding context, and its verb is resultative, yielding a temporal interval between the two eventualities. In some cases, the participial clause does not introduce any new information : it simply generalises the contents of the (not necessarily immediately) preceding sentence, indicates that the main clause is consequent upon it, and functions like a discursive connective or a pure temporal adjunct. In other cases, it is rhematic, at least in so far has it provides aspectual specifications, and thus play anundeniable narrative rôle. When a temporal expression (une fois, sitôt…) introduces the clause, the semantic value of the participle is also specified, and the clause acquires a form of syntactic autonomy it does not have otherwise. Finally, when the auxiliary étant occurs, the subordinate clause can denote a hitherto unknown eventuality, whose aspectual properties are distinct from the aforementioned cases ; in particular, reference is only made to the end point, never to the beginning of the action thus described. This third type of participial clause is also shown to entertain textual and/or discursive relations with the context that are crucially different from the other types
Minard, Anne-Lyse. „Extraction de relations en domaine de spécialité“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777749.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJEON, KYUNG-JUN. „Relations anaphoriques et ellipses structurales en coreen : essai sur la grammaire de la phrase et la grammaire du discours“. Paris 8, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080397.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is a study of the linguistic phenomena that involve the anaphoric relation between two ( or several ) elements of a sentence or of a discourse. At first, this thesis defines the anaphoric relation as the retaking of the ( lexical or and referential ) properties of the antecedent by the anaphoric element. Next, the data that involve an anaphoric relation ( above all, reflexive pronoun, null pronoun, and pro-forms in relative clauses ) are examined. The examination of the data shows that the syntactic principles concerning the anaphoric relation must be completed by discourse principles in order to be able to conserve a descriptive and explicative interest. For account for the distribution of the anaphoric elements such as reflexive pronoun and null pronoun, this work proposes the principles that involve discourse categories such as point of view, mininal subject of consciousness, probability of an interpretation in a discourse context, topic-comment relation, and unmarked occurrence
Laur, Dany. „Sémantique du déplacement et de la localisation en français : une étude des verbes, des prépositions et de leurs relations dans la phrase simple“. Toulouse 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU20037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation deals with the semantics of motion and localization in simple sentence in french. Several basic definitions are first given in order to build a set of semantic properties associated with verbs of motion and spatial prepositions they may be combined with. The analysis of the spatial relations implied by the combination of categories of verbs and categories of prepositions enables to point out the semantical function of each of these categories in the semantics of motion and localization, revealing that this semantics does not result from simple sum of the respective properties, but from the interrelation of the various components of the sentence
Skaf, Roula. „Le morphème d= en araméen-syriaque : étude d’une polyfonctionalité à plusieurs échelles syntaxiques“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INAL0012/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe behaviour of the polyfunctional morpheme d= in the Syriac language of the Gospels of the Peshiṭta is described in a typological perspective, in synchrony and in comparison, for some properties, with other varieties of Syriac and with other Semitic languages. d=, a former demonstrative in Proto-Semitic, is a relator at various syntactic levels: a determination place-holder, a genitival and relative marker, an introducer of completive and adverbial clauses.Chapter 1 introduces the topic of the study and the theoretical framework and chapter 2 discusses the state of art.Chapter 3 is dedicated to the study of the genitive phrase. We discovered that a syntactic criterion allows to distinguish semantically between alienable and inalienable phrases, to different degrees according to the semantic categories of the inalienable set, i.e. kinship and body part terms.In chapter 4, we showed that even though syntactic structures are similar for restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses, it is impossible to relativize the latter for object, dative and adjoint relatives clauses. The syntactic gap strategy constitutes the primary strategy in the accessibility hierarchy and all the functions of the head in the main clause, except the object of comparison, are relativizable.Chapter 5 deals with the functions of d= as a complementizer and an introducer of adverbial clauses. The complementizer uses are wider than in Old Semitic. d= is employed with 12 of the 14 types of predicates of Noonan's typological classification as against 3 in Old Semitic. Syriac conforms to the implicational hierarchy named Complement Deranking-Argument Hierarchy. For adverbial clauses, the syntactic criterion of saturation of the verbal valency as well as semantic and contextual criteria permit to distinguish adverbial clauses from complement clauses. When d= forms conjunctive locutions with prepositions or adverbs, the polysemy of values is disambiguated thanks to the context. Only the conjunction mo d= is monosemous (with a temporal meaning).In the last chapter (chap. 6) on reported speech, we showed that direct reported speech is mostly introduced without d=, whereas it is always the case for indirect speech. Greek did not have any influence on the use of d=
Il funzionamento del morfema polifunzionale d= del siriaco nei Vangeli della Peshiṭta è descritto in una prospettiva tipologica, in sincronia e attraverso la comparazione, in alcuni punti, con altre versioni e con altre lingue semitiche. Tale morfema deriva dal pronome dimostrativo proto-semitico *ḏV e funge da relatore in diversi livelli sintattici: supporto di determinazione, indicatore delle relazioni genitivali e relative, introduttore delle proposizioni completive e avverbiali. Il capitolo 1 introduce la problematica della ricerca e dell’ambito teorico; il capitolo 2 presenta uno stato dell’arte sull’argomento.Il capitolo 3 è consacrato allo studio del sintagma genitivale. Un criterio sintattico ha permesso di distinguere semanticamente i sintagmi genitivali alienabili e inalienabili, anche se questa distinzione tende ad attenuarsi, in diversi punti, secondo le categorie semantiche d’inalienabile, termini di parentela e parti del corpo.Nel capitolo 4 abbiamo mostrato che, se da una parte le strutture sintattiche sono simili per le relative restrittive e le non-restrittive, dall’altra è impossibile relativizzare le ultime per le relative complemento oggetto, complemento di termine e complemento circostanziale. La strategia con gap sintattico è la strategia primaria nella gerarchia d’accessibilità e tutte le funzioni della testa nella proposizione matrice, tranne l’oggetto della comparazione, sono relativizzabili.Il capitolo 5 tratta le funzioni di d= come complementatore e introduttore di proposizioni avverbiali. Gli impieghi del complementatore sono più ampi rispetto al semitico più antico. Il morfema d= si impiega infatti per 12 dei 14 tipi di predicato della classificazione tipologica di Noonan invece dei 3 del semitico più antico. Il siriaco è conforme alla gerarchia implicativa, Complement Deranking-Argument Hierarchy. Per le proposizioni avverbiali, il criterio sintattico di saturazione della valenza verbale e dei criteri semantici e contestuali permettono di distinguere le avverbiali dalle completive.Quando d= forma delle locuzioni congiuntive con delle preposizioni o degli avverbi, la polisemia dei valori è disambiguato grazie al contesto, fatta eccezione della congiunzione monosemica temporale mo d=Nell’ultimo capitolo, sul discorso indiretto, mostriamo che il discorso “riprodotto” è introdotto senza d= nella maggior parte dei casi, mentre si usa d= nel discorso “riformulato”. Il greco non ha alcuna influenza sul suo utilizzo
Cokal, Derya. „A Contrastive Analysis Of The Pronominal Usages Of This And That In Academic Written Discourse“. Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606268/index.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelles version (2000) of Rhetorical Structure Theory is used to analyze the rhetorical relations in which the expressions are used. The study also investigate the possible factors that lead an addresser to select one deictic expression instead of the other. The study concludes that this and that are cue phrases rather than discourse markers that construct local and global coherence.
Theledi, Kgomotso Mothokhumo Ambitious. „Descriptive nominal modifiers in Setswana“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52755.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study focused on three descriptive nominal modifiers which specify the attributes of nouns, i.e. the morphological adjective, the relative clause and the descriptive possessive. The morphological adjective appears in an adjectival phrase, which has to consist of a determiner and an adjective. The adjective must have agreement with the head noun in an NP. The adjective root may appear with nominal suffixes such as -ana and -gadi, it can be reduplicated, it may be transposed to other categories and it may even be compounded. The AP may also occur in predicative position as well as in comparative clauses. The relative clause may have the same semantic properties as the adjective. The relative clause in Setswana consists of a determiner in the position of the complementizer followed by an lP. Such an lP may have a copulative or non-copulative verb. Attention in this study has focused on the nominal relative, which appears as a complement of a copulative verb. These nominal relative stems have been divided into two sections, i.e. a section in which the nominal relative stems may not appear in a descriptive possessive construction and a second section where these stems may also appear as a complement of the possessive [a]. The semantic features of these nominal relative stems have been isolated and it is clear that they show a wide variety of semantic features. This type of relative clause represents the most prolific category, which specifies the attributes of nouns. The third category, which displays the semantic feature of an attribute of a noun, is the descriptive possessive construction. The syntactic and semantic structure of this type of phrase has been investigated. A wide variety of complements of the possessive [a] have been isolated in Setswana and some semantic features have received specific attention, i.e. group nouns and partitives.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie fokus op drie deskriptiewe nominale bepalers wat die attribute van naamwoorde spesifiseer nl. die morfologiese adjektief, die relatief en die deskriptiewe possessief. Die morfologiese adjektief kom voor in 'n adjektieffrase wat bestaan uit 'n bepaler en 'n adjektief. Die adjektief moet klasooreenstemming hê met die kernnaamwoord in 'n naamwoordfrase. Die adjektiefstam kan voorkom met nominale suffikse soos ana en gadi, dit kan geredupliseer word, oorgeplaas word na ander kategorieë en selfs samestellings vorm. Die adjektieffrase kan ook voorkom in 'n predikatiewe posisie sowel as in vergelykings. Die relatief kan dieselfde semantiese eienskappe hê as die adjektief. Die relatief in Setswana bestaan uit 'n bepaler in die posisie van die komplementeerder gevolg deur 'n infleksiefrase. So 'n infleksiefrase kan 'n kopulatiewe of nie-kopulatiewe werkwoord bevat. Die aandag in hierdie studie het gekonsentreer op die nominale relatief wat voorkom as 'n komplement van 'n kopulatiewe werkwoord. Hierdie nominale relatiewe stamme is verdeel in twee afdelings nl. 'n afdeling waarin die nominale relatiewe stamme nie kan voorkom in 'n deskriptiewe possessiewe konstruksie en 'n tweede afdeling waar hierdie stamme ook kan voorkom as 'n komplement van die possessiewe [a]. Die semantiese kenmerke van hierdie nominale relatiewe stamme is geïsoleer en dit is duidelik dat hulle 'n wye verskeidenheid van semantiese kenmerke het. Hierdie tipe relatief verteenwoordig In baie wye keuse t.o.v. die attribute van naamwoorde. Die derde kategorie wat die semantiese kenmerk van 'n attribuut van 'n naamwoord vertoon, is die deskriptiewe possessiewe konstruksie. Die sintaktiese en semantiese struktuur van hierdie tipe frase is nagegaan. 'n Groot verskeidenheid komplemente van die possessiewe [a] is geïsoleer in Setswana en sommige semantiese kenmerke het spesifieke aandag gekry nl. groepnaamwoorde en partitiiewe.
Colonna, Saveria. „Facteurs influençant la levée des ambiguïtés syntaxiques“. Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00088824.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuelle stratégie adopte le lecteur lorsqu'il rencontre une ambiguïté ?
Quelles sont les informations utilisées pour résoudre une ambiguïté syntaxique ?
Les modèles actuels de la compréhension de phrases ne permettent pas de rendre compte de l'ensemble des données inter-langues observées dans le cas de l'attachement d'une Proposition Relative (PR) ambiguë. Une série d'expériences a donc été réalisée afin de déterminer les facteurs responsables de l'attachement d'une PR. Nous avons utilisé la technique d'enregistrement des mouvements oculaires afin d'appréhender le décours temporel des opérations qui ont lieu pendant la lecture. Nous avons observé que la longueur des constituants influence la préférence d'attachement d'une PR (Expériences 1-4). Pour rendre compte de ces résultats, nous faisons l'hypothèse que certains attachements peuvent être laissés en suspens (sous-spécifiés) en attendant que l'information désambiguïsatrice soit disponible. À partir de cette hypothèse, nous avons implémenté un modèle qui nous permet de simuler nos résultats et de faire de nouvelles hypothèses quant aux facteurs susceptibles d'influencer la préférence d'attachement d'une PR. Ces prédictions ont été vérifiées dans l'Expérience 5. L'idée qu'en cas d'ambiguïté syntaxique, la décision syntaxique peut être reportée est développée dans la théorie Construal (Frazier et Clifton, 1996). Cependant, contrairement à notre modèle qui prédit que tous les constituants peuvent recevoir une description sous-spécifiée, la Construal propose que seules les relations non primaires reçoivent une analyse sous-spécifiée, les relations primaires recevant immédiatement une analyse syntaxique unique et spécifiée. Les Expériences 6-11 révèlent que la distinction entre relations primaires et non primaires proposée par la Construal n'est pas pertinente et nous permettent de conclure en faveur de notre modèle.
Henadeerage, Kumara, und kumara henadeerage@anu edu au. „Topics in Sinhala Syntax“. The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060426.142352.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuang, Yahui 1973. „On the form and meaning of Chinese bare conditionals : not just "whatever"“. Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2264.
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YUH-YUN, CHEN, und 陳玉芸. „An Action Research on Curriculum Development for Third Grade’s Mandarin Relative Phrases“. Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87205211336796145276.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle臺北市立教育大學
課程與教學研究所課程與教學碩士學位班
101
This action research on curriculum development aiming at improving the third graders’ ability to make use of relative phrases. The purpose of the research includes: (1) Developing an appropriate curriculum of relative phrases for the researcher’s class. (2) Practicing this curriculum development. (3) Studying the result of the practicing of this curriculum development. During the process, through interviewing the students, observing the teaching, data analyzing and collecting and studying data and materials, the researcher concluded for the following aspects: 1.Aspect of curriculum development (1)For third grade, the incapable application of relatives phrases can be mainly generalized into logic errors, inappropriate methods of application and insufficient narrative ability. (2)The third graders especially need to strengthen on these relative phrases like「…and…」、「 First…, then…. 」、「 not only…but…」、「 Although…」、「 As long as…」. (3)Providing situations, giving example sentences, practicing complete sentences, classifying phrases, sorting events and making associative connection can be effective and applicable approaches. 2.Aspect of the process of application (1)Students think the most effective activities to learn relative phrases are 「story introduction」,「errors correction」and「phrases classification」. (2)There are 4 steps for instructing relative phrases. They are situational teaching, examples giving, diversified practicing and sentences making. 3.Aspect of the result (1)The curriculum of relative phrases can improve students’ ability to make relative sentences. (2)The most effective materials are the simple stories with easy content. The more difficult sentence pattern they are, the more clues and situations the teacher should provide. (3)In a friendly and easy environment, students can discuss and use the new expressions they learned in their sentences. (4)Reminding students always inspecting and modifying sentences to get more accurate and fluent sentences. According to the above result, the researcher gives some suggestions for developing curriculum: 1.Using interesting pictures, picture books or animations as teaching materials. 2.Abundant clues should be provided to guide the students to make sentences regarding rather difficult relative phrases. 3.Proving more situation teaching for students to understand the connections of different phrases. 4.Providing more sentence patterns from their living experiences leading them to observe the links of different phrases. 5.Providing more complete rhetorical sentences to improve their narrative ability. 6.The approach of phrases classification can be used to teach coordinative and gradual compound sentences to help students to get a better idea. 7.While teaching complex compound sentences, teachers can apply the approach of sorting events for students to get a better concept of timing. 8.Logic connection approach can be used to help student to understand the connections of the main clause and subordinate while teaching disjunctive and conditional complex compound sentences. 9.The creative contents in sentences should be always taken into account during the teaching process and evaluation.
Tremblay, Jean-François. „Conceptions et pratiques déclarées relatives à l'enseignement des groupes constituants de la phrase de base au troisième cycle du primaire“. Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16476.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArseneau, Rosianne. „Coopérer pour apprendre la syntaxe écrite : recherche-action sur la phrase subordonnée relative en troisième secondaire“. Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18595.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research aims to document the learning of grade-nine students in writing situation following the testing of a didactic sequence based on cooperation. Given the large number of syntactic errors in the texts of secondary students as reported by the MELS (2012), our series of courses targets a syntactic structure, the relative clause. In addition to causing problems for learners of French regarding the choice of the relative pronoun in particular, the relative clause is a dense teaching object known for posing many challenges to French teachers according to the work of Groupe de recherche pour l’analyse du français enseigné (e.g. Dolz et Schneuwly, 2009a, 2009b). After describing the writing situation and the relative clause conceptually, we extricate principles from the fields of grammar didactics and writing didactics deemed relevant to foster the learning of the relative clause and the mobilization of grammatical knowledge in writing situation. An innovative principle for teaching is integrated, one based on cooperation. Developed in the field of cooperative learning, cooperation is an educational approach aimed at structuring work in small groups to establish a dynamic of positive interdependence (Johnson and Johnson, 2009) so as to induce the unfolding of verbal interactions between students shown to be more fruitful in terms of learning than those prevailing in the absence of cooperative framework (e.g. Krol et al., 2004). Following an action research approach conducted jointly with a teacher, the series of courses is designed and tested with 55 students from three grade-nine students classes of Montreal (Canada) in order to actualize the didactic principles extricated. Two instruments are used to document students’ learning. The text aims to document the evolution in the production of subordinate clauses, while metagraphic interviews are aiming at metalinguistic skills related to these relative clauses. The analysis of texts collected at pretest and post test (n = 107) shows a significant decrease of mistakes in the use of relative pronoun in the texts, and a significant increase in use of complex relative pronouns such as "dont" (whose) and "auquel" (which). Analysis of metagraphic interviews at pretest and post test (n = 34) shows that students rely more on syntactic criteria to explain their use of the relative pronoun, and they use significantly more metalanguage in their explanations. The results of this research highlight the interest of implementing in French class didactic principles used, and more specifically the innovative cooperation one in order to reduce the syntactic errors in the texts and to develop students’metalinguistic skills.
Lee, Hung-Chieh, und 李宏杰. „An analysis in the relations between the key phrases andthe stock performance in Taiwanese stock market(e.g., Technology stocks and food industry stocks)“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/chetvs.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle國立臺灣大學
國際企業學研究所
106
Nowadays, the fundamental and technical analysis are often used as analysis techniques by publics in Taiwanese stock market. Related research from many scholars present that both techniques take great part in the research progress, but utter difficulties and restrictions are coming up in the forecasting stock prices. For examples, scholars found it hard to solve the problems such as short analysis interval, short-term fluctuations or difficulties to know the detailed information from policies in companies. Also, there are more measuring problems about setting indexes. In practice, when it comes to forming up an investment strategy or entering certain conditions, both analysis prove themselves as valuable methods to forecast the market trend, but they are still insufficient to explain the trend. The Taiwanese stock market are often considered as a nearly-inefficient market. Many investors desire to gather first-hand information as soon as possible in order to help decision in the meantime. In this research, this hypothesis also exists. However, it is hard to forecast the market by the information-gathering approach due to the lack in time and several issues, like huge data range, the different choosing ways in the text. In short, many complicated factors needed to be concerned. In order to solve these problems, many scholars applied the text mining approach to help analyze the performance in the stock market and sample the needed text on the website. This research will be mainly focus on data mining by using ( Python 3.6 ) Pandas toolbox techniques to select the stocks in the same categories. For example, TSMC and HTC belongs to technology stocks. We will choose the Taiwanese market observation post system to capture daily historical message on the three year basis and compare with the counterpart daily stock price. Then, mark positive and minus on the selective nouns and verbs to help the latter analysis. We will use CKIP and Jeiba system in the progress of this research. By finding the key words and valuation, we can improve this way of forecasting stock price and help investors understand more details about text mining in forecasting stock prices.
Huynh, Thi Tram Sinh. „L'évolution des conceptions et des pratiques relatives à la notion de phrase en FLE d’enseignants vietnamiens du secondaire engagés dans une formation continue en syntaxe“. Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research aims to describe the evolution of conceptions and teaching practices related to the notion of sentence of five Vietnamese French teachers involved in a training program about syntax in new grammar and children’s literature. To examine the evolution of teachers’ conceptions of sentence, we conducted two semi-structured interviews, one before and one after the training program. To study the evolution of teaching practices on sentence, we observed only one teacher after training. In addition, she described her practices on sentence in a telephone interview that took place at the end of each month (November 2011-March 2012). Our results indicate that teachers changed their conceptions on sentence. Indeed, in the second interview, we observed for the five teachers better results in identifying sentences, most convincing identification criteria, improved accuracy in the comments relative to the definitions and in explanations of errors. As far as practices are concerned, the teacher we followed has completed activities on sentence after training, which constitutes an improvement in practices since before training, this concept was neglected. Her observed and reported practices indicate that she has integrated in her class the key concepts of new grammar concerning the sentence and children’s literature in teaching this concept.
Merizzi, Pascale. „L'enchaînement de phrases par coordination et par subordination à l'écrit chez les élèves de première secondaire : mise à l'essai d'une séquence didactique“. Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10850.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research proposes a series of lessons for working subordination and coordination. The goal is to foster the transfer of grammar knowledge in writing compositions. First, we have noticed that students learn grammar rules, but they have a great difficulty to tranfer this knowledge in writing contexts. A lot of researchers (Bilodeau, 2005; Paret, 1992; Chartrand, 2003) stress the relevance of breaking the limits of the various domains of the study of French in class (grammar, writing and reading). This “open” approach is seens as helping the transfer of grammatical knowledge, notably with the use of an heuristic approach (cf. Chartrand, 1996). We focused on the syntax of the sentence, more specifically the construction of complex sentences by linking simple sentences together. We consider these grammatical notions as difficult for most of the students at the beginning of «secondary school », and believe that the teaching is too often rare or totally separate from witing. So, we created a series of lesson that aims at working these grammatical concepts, keeping in mind that it is primordial to foster the transfer of grammatical knowledge to writing contexts. We have tested the series of lesson in an experimental group of the first year of secondary school (age 12-13) and we have verified its efficacity using a pretest and a posttest (written composition and interview on the text). By comparing the experimental and the control group, the results of the research show us qualitative (but not quantitative) that the didactic sequence has a positive effect on the experimental group. After an analysis of the results conducted by a professional statistician, we unfortunately could not prove that the sequence has an significant impact on the experimental group.
Henadeerage, Kumara. „Topics in Sinhala Syntax“. Phd thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/47148.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleScholzová, Dagmar. „Překladové protějšky anglických postmodifikátorů“. Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324937.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleŠkodová, Kateřina. „Finitní a participiální postmodifikace v mluveném akademickém diskurzu: přírodní a společenské vědy“. Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322940.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThetso, 'Madira Leoniah. „The distribution and interpretation of the qualificative in seSotho“. Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25561.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study explores the syntax of the substantive phrase, more especially substantive phrase composed of more than one qualificative, in Sesotho. Adopting interviews, questionnaires and documents, the study seeks to investigate the syntactic sequence of qualificatives, their relation to the modified head word and influence of such ordering pattern in the phrase. Structurally, qualificatives comprise two components, namely the qualificative concord and stem. The qualificative serves to give varied information about the implicit or explicit substantive resulting in seven types of qualificatives in Sesotho, be they the Adjective, Demonstrative, Enumerative, Interrogative, Possessive, Quantifier and Relative. From the Minimalist perspective, the qualificative is recursive. The study established a maximum of five qualificatives in a single phrase. The number is generally achieved by recurrence of the Adjective, the Possessive and the Relative up to a maximum of four of the same qualificative in a single phrase. It is observed that the recurrence of the Demonstrative, Interrogative, Enumerative and Quantifier is proscribed in Sesotho. Regarding the ordering of qualificatives, it is also observed that the Demonstrative, Interrogative, Quantifier and Possessive mostly occupy the position closer to the substantive while the Adjective, Enumerative, Possessive and Quantifier mostly occur in the medial position. The Possessive and Relative occur in the outer-border position of the phrase. Such a sequence is influenced by several factors including focus, emphasis, the nature of the relationship between the head word and the dependent element, the syntactic complexity of the qualificative and the knowledge shared by both the speaker and the hearer about the qualified substantive. It can, therefore, be concluded that there are no strict rules of occurrence of the qualificatives in Sesotho.
African Languages
D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)