Thematische Bibliographien / Photovoltaics cell

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Photovoltaics cell“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Photovoltaics cell"

Sim, Yeon Hyang, Min Ju Yun, Seung I. Cha und Dong Yoon Lee. „Fractal solar cell array for enhanced energy production: applying rules underlying tree shape to photovoltaics“. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, Nr. 2239 (Juli 2020): 20200094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0094.

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Plants and photovoltaics share the same purpose as harvesting sunlight. Therefore, botanical studies could lead to new breakthroughs in photovoltaics. However, the basic mechanism of photosynthesis is different to semiconductor-based photovoltaics and the gap between photosynthesis and solar cells must be bridged before we can apply the botanical principles to photovoltaics. In this study, we analysed the role of the fractal structures found in plants in light harvesting based on a simplified model, rotated the structures by 90° and applied them to fractal-structured photovoltaic Si solar cell arrays. Adoption of botanically inspired fractal structures can result in solar cell arrays with omnidirectional properties, and in this case, yielded a 25% enhancement in electric energy production. The fractal structure used in this study was two-dimensional and symmetric; investigating and optimizing three-dimensional asymmetric fractal structures would further enhance the performance of photovoltaics. Furthermore, this study represents only the first step towards the development of a new type of photovoltaics based on botanical principles, and points to further aspects of botanical knowledge that could be exploited, in addition to plant fractal structures. For example, leaf anatomy, phyllotaxis and chloroplastic mechanisms could be applied to the design of new types of photovoltaics.

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Bourdoucen, Hadj, Joseph A. Jervase, Abdullah Al-Badi, Adel Gastli und Arif Malik. „Photovoltaic Cells and Systems: Current State and Future Trends“. Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 5 (01.12.2000): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol5iss0pp185-207.

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Photovoltaics is the process of converting solar energy into electrical energy. Any photovoltaic system invariably consists of solar cell arrays and electric power conditioners. Photovoltaic systems are reliable, quiet, safe and both environmentally benign and self-sustaining. In addition, they are cost-effective for applications in remote areas. This paper presents a review of solar system components and integration, manufacturing, applications, and basic research related to photovoltaics. Photovoltaic applications in Oman are also presented. Finally, the existing and the future trends in technologies and materials used for the fabrication of solar cells are summarized.

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Zhou, Fu Fang, Qing Lan Ma, Yuan Ming Huang, Zhuo Ran She und Chun Xu Pan. „Effects of Phosphoric Acid on the Photovoltaic Properties of Photovoltaic Cells with Laminated Polypyrrole-Fullerene Layers“. Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.861.

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By applying phosphoric acid in dispersion of fullerene in the fabrication of polypyrrolefullerene photovoltaic cells we present laminated active structure of polypyrrole and subsequent fullerene layers, with two other reference methods to incorporate fullerene: (i) in a physically blended monolayer; and (ii) in a blend from chemical reaction. I-V characteristics show that a blend monolayer cell can display photosensitive effect however without photovoltaics; a bilayer cell displays photovoltaics either in dark or in illumination, with its VOC up to1V and its JSC up to12.5 μA cm-2 under AM1 105 mW cm-2 condition. The results demonstrate that phosphoric acid is effective in dispersion of fullerene as well as combining it with polypyrrole layer in a photovoltaic cell. The effects of phosphoric acid in fabricating a bilayered photovoltaic cell are discussed mainly in terms of H-bonding.

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Slaoui, Abdelilah, und Reuben T. Collins. „Advanced Inorganic Materials for Photovoltaics“. MRS Bulletin 32, Nr. 3 (März 2007): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2007.24.

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AbstractBy 2050, world annual energy consumption is predicted to grow from the present 13 terawatt - years (TWyr) to nearly 30 TWyr. Although all energy sources must be considered in meeting this challenge, solar energy may arguably be the only carbon-free source capable of supplying a significant fraction of energy at these levels. This issue of MRS Bulletin reviews the status and future development of solar photovoltaic technologies based on inorganic materials. The discussion begins with materials and cell designs for second-generation photovoltaics based on thin films [a-Si:H, Si, Cu(In, Ga)(Se, S)2, CdTe]. Recent advances in tandem cells and concentrators are alsoreported, along with photovoltaic approaches involving nanoscale materials such as quantum dot arrays. Finally, work on transparent conducting oxides that are critical to nearly all cell designs are discussed.

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Shin, Dong, und Suk-Ho Choi. „Recent Studies of Semitransparent Solar Cells“. Coatings 8, Nr. 10 (20.09.2018): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8100329.

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It is necessary to develop semitransparent photovoltaic cell for increasing the energy density from sunlight, useful for harvesting solar energy through the windows and roofs of buildings and vehicles. Current semitransparent photovoltaics are mostly based on Si, but it is difficult to adjust the color transmitted through Si cells intrinsically for enhancing the visual comfort for human. Recent intensive studies on translucent polymer- and perovskite-based photovoltaic cells offer considerable opportunities to escape from Si-oriented photovoltaics because their electrical and optical properties can be easily controlled by adjusting the material composition. Here, we review recent progress in materials fabrication, design of cell structure, and device engineering/characterization for high-performance/semitransparent organic and perovskite solar cells, and discuss major problems to overcome for commercialization of these solar cells.

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Jäger-Waldau, Arnulf. „Thin Film Photovoltaics: Markets and Industry“. International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/768368.

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Since 2000, total PV production increased almost by two orders of magnitude, with a compound annual growth rate of over 52%. The most rapid growth in annual cell and module production over the last five years could be observed in Asia, where China and Taiwan together now account for about 60% of worldwide production. Between 2005 and 2009, thin film production capacity and volume increased more than the overall industry but did not keep up in 2010 and 2011 due to the rapid price decline for solar modules. Prices for photovoltaic electricity generation systems have more than halved over the last five years making the technology affordable to an ever-increasing number of customers worldwide. With worldwide over 60 GW cumulative installed photovoltaic electricity generation capacity installed in November 2011, photovoltaics still is a small contributor to the electricity supply, and another 10 to 15 years of sustained and aggressive growth will be required for photovoltaic solar electricity to become one of the main providers of electricity. To achieve this, a continuous improvement of the current solar cell technologies will be necessary.

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Abu Hamed, Tareq, Nadja Adamovic, Urs Aeberhard, Diego Alonso-Alvarez, Zoe Amin-Akhlaghi, Matthias Auf der Maur, Neil Beattie et al. „Multiscale in modelling and validation for solar photovoltaics“. EPJ Photovoltaics 9 (2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2018008.

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Photovoltaics is amongst the most important technologies for renewable energy sources, and plays a key role in the development of a society with a smaller environmental footprint. Key parameters for solar cells are their energy conversion efficiency, their operating lifetime, and the cost of the energy obtained from a photovoltaic system compared to other sources. The optimization of these aspects involves the exploitation of new materials and development of novel solar cell concepts and designs. Both theoretical modeling and characterization of such devices require a comprehensive view including all scales from the atomic to the macroscopic and industrial scale. The different length scales of the electronic and optical degrees of freedoms specifically lead to an intrinsic need for multiscale simulation, which is accentuated in many advanced photovoltaics concepts including nanostructured regions. Therefore, multiscale modeling has found particular interest in the photovoltaics community, as a tool to advance the field beyond its current limits. In this article, we review the field of multiscale techniques applied to photovoltaics, and we discuss opportunities and remaining challenges.

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Davis, Mark W., A. Hunter Fanney und Brian P. Dougherty. „Prediction of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Cell Temperatures*“. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 123, Nr. 3 (01.03.2001): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1385825.

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A barrier to the widespread application of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is the lack of validated predictive performance tools. Architects and building owners need these tools in order to determine if the potential energy savings realized from building integrated photovoltaics justifies the additional capital expenditure. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) seeks to provide high quality experimental data that can be used to develop and validate these predictive performance tools. The temperature of a photovoltaic module affects its electrical output characteristics and efficiency. Traditionally, the temperature of solar cells has been characterized using the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT), which can be used in conjunction with a calculation procedure to predict the module’s temperature for various environmental conditions. The NOCT procedure provides a representative prediction of the cell temperature, specifically for the ubiquitous rack-mounted installation. The procedure estimates the cell temperature based on the ambient temperature and the solar irradiance. It makes the approximation that the overall heat loss coefficient is constant. In other words, the temperature difference between the panel and the environment is linearly related to the heat flux on the panels (solar irradiance). The heat transfer characteristics of a rack-mounted PV module and a BIPV module can be quite different. The manner in which the module is installed within the building envelope influences the cell’s operating temperature. Unlike rack-mounted modules, the two sides of the modules may be subjected to significantly different environmental conditions. This paper presents a new technique to compute the operating temperature of cells within building integrated photovoltaic modules using a one-dimensional transient heat transfer model. The resulting predictions are compared to measured BIPV cell temperatures for two single crystalline BIPV panels (one insulated panel and one uninsulated panel). Finally, the results are compared to predictions using the NOCT technique.

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Kazmerski, Lawrence L. „Photovoltaics characterization: A survey of diagnostic measurements“. Journal of Materials Research 13, Nr. 10 (Oktober 1998): 2684–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0372.

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The advancement of the photovoltaic technology is closely linked to the standard evaluation of the product, the diagnosis of problems, the validation of materials and cell properties, and the engineering and documentation of the ensemble of device properties from internal interfaces through power outputs. The focus of this paper is on some of the more common, visible, and important techniques dealing with physical-chemical through electro-optical parameters, which are linked intimately to the performance quality of materials and devices. Two areas, defined by their spatial-resolution qualities, are emphasized: macroscale and microscale measurement technologies. The importance, strengths, and limitations of these techniques are stressed, especially their significance to photovoltaics. Included are several techniques that have been developed specifically to address problems and requirements for photovoltaics. The regime of measurement literally covers arrays through atoms.

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ADIKAARI, A. A. D. T., und S. R. P. SILVA. „EXCIMER LASER CRYSTALLIZATION AND NANOSTRUCTURING OF AMORPHOUS SILICON FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS“. Nano 03, Nr. 03 (Juni 2008): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292008000915.

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Excimer laser crystallization of amorphous silicon has been extensively studied for electronic applications. Most of the early works has been on thin film transistor fabrication from laser crystallized silicon. However, in parallel, the applicability of the technique for photovoltaics has also been pursued. Direct crystallization of the absorber layer of a thin film amorphous silicon cell has proven unsuitable, due to poor device performance. The surface nanostructuring capability of the laser process, as a result of the crystallization appears to be of more scientific significance, and a number of applications have been reported. This review covers the established physics of excimer laser crystallization in the context of photovoltaics. It also expands on more recent applications of excimer laser nanostructuring of amorphous silicon, especially for photovoltaic applications. The outlook of the technique for photovoltaics is discussed with the use of reported successes, briefly discussing the fundamental improvements.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Photovoltaics cell"

Pérez, Boix Pablo. „Organic Photovoltaics: cell processing, device physics and electrical characterization“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669172.

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Esta tesis tiene como objetivo el estudio de las células solares basadas en materiales orgánicos, lo que nos permitirá tanto acceder a un conocimiento exhaustivo de sus mecanismos de operación como señalar posibles mejoras para el funcionamiento de estos dispositivos. Para ello exploraremos su procesado, la caracterización eléctrica y, especialmente, el modelaje físico de las células de heterounión masiva. La capa activa de éstas está formada por una mezcla de material donador (normalmente un polímero como el P3HT i el PPV) que recolecta la luz, y material aceptor (de forma habitual un derivado del fullereno); siendo en la interface de estos dos materiales se produce la separación de cargas que origina el fotón absorbido. Con electrón y hueco en medios distintos, podemos extraerlos transportándolos hasta sus respectivos contactos. Para entender que provoca estos procesos partimos del confinamiento del campo eléctrico debido al dopaje. Existen distintas evidencias que apuntan a que el polímero que forma la capa activa tiene, debido a la humedad, oxígeno y defectos estructurales derivados del procesado, un dopaje que forma una zona de carga descubierta. Con esto la recombinación se convierte en el mecanismo principal de pérdida energética, determinando la curva de corriente-voltaje, fill factor y, junto a la distribución de estados del material aceptor, el potencial a circuito abierto.

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Yandt, Mark. „Characterization and Performance Analysis of High Efficiency Solar Cells and Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20535.

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As part of the SUNRISE project (Semiconductors Using Nanostructures for Record Increases in Solar-cell Efficiency), high efficiency, III-V semiconductor, quantum-dot-enhanced, triple-junction solar cells designed and manufactured by Cyrium Technologies Inc. were integrated into OPEL Solar, MK-I, Fresnel-lens-based, 550x concentrating modules carried on a dual axis tracker. Over its first year of operation 1.8 MWh of AC electrical energy was exported to the grid. Measurements of the direct and indirect components of the insolation, as well as the spectral irradiance of light incident on the demonstrator in Ottawa, Canada are presented. The system efficiency is measured and compared to that predicted by a system model to identify loss mechanisms so that they can be minimized in future deployments.

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Taylor, Paul Alan. „Proton radiation effects on space solar cell structures and materials“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242506.

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Kang, Moon Hee. „Development of high-efficiency silicon solar cells and modeling the impact of system parameters on levelized cost of electricity“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47647.

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The objective of this thesis is to develop low-cost high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells which are at the right intersection of cost and performance to make photovoltaics (PV) affordable. The goal was addressed by improving the optical and electrical performance of silicon solar cells through process optimization, device modeling, clever cell design, fundamental understanding, and minimization of loss mechanisms. To define the right intersection of cost and performance, analytical models to assess the premium or value associated with efficiency, temperature coefficient, balance of system cost, and solar insolation were developed and detailed cost analysis was performed to quantify the impact of key system and financial parameters in the levelized cost of electricity from PV.

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Weber, Oliver. „Structural chemistry of hybrid halide perovskites for thin film photovoltaics“. Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761012.

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Hybrid lead halide perovskites, AMX 3 compounds in which A = CH 3 NH 3 (MA), CH(NH 2 ) 2(FA), Cs; M = Pb,Sn; X = I, Br, Cl, display remarkable performance in solution-processed optoelectronic devices, including > 22% efficient thin film photovoltaic cells. These compounds represent the first class of materials discovered to exhibit properties associated with high performance compound semiconductors, while being formed at or near room temperature using simple solution chemistry techniques. This thesis is focused on the synthesis, structural characterisation and phase behaviour of MAPbI 3 , FAPbI 3 , A-site solid solutions and novel organic metal halide framework materials. The complete atomic structure and phase behaviour of methylammonium lead iodide is elucidated for the first time, including hydrogen positions, using high flux, constant wave-length neutron powder diffraction. At 100 K an orthorhombic phase, space group Pnma, is observed, with the methylammonium cations ordered as the C–N bond direction alternates in adjacent inorganic cages. Above 165 K a first order phase transition to tetragonal, I4/mcm, occurs with the unlocking of cation rotation, which is disordered primarily in the ab plane. Above 327 K a cubic phase, space group Pm3m, is formed, with the cations isotropically disordered on the timescale of the crystallographic experiment. The high temperature phase of formamidinium lead iodide, α-FAPbI 3 is shown for the first time to be cubic, (Pm3m), at room temperature using time-of-flight, high resolution neutron powder diffraction. Polymorphism and the low temperature phase behaviour of FAPbI 3 have been further investigated using reactor and spallation neutron sources with high resolution in temperature. A tetragonal phase, P4/mbm, is confirmed in the temperature range 140-285 K.The composition, structural and optical parameters of ’A’ site solid solutions (MA/FA)PbI 3 have been investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy and 1 H solution NMR. A composition-dependent transition in the crystal class from tetragonal to cubic(or pseudo-cubic) at room temperature is identified and correlated to trends in the optical absorption. Novel hybrid materials with inorganic frameworks of varying dimensionality from 0D to 2D, including imidazolium lead iodide and piperazinium lead iodide, have been synthesised using various templating organic cations and their atomic structures solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

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Park, Yoonseok. „Light trapping substrates and electrodes for flexible organic photovoltaics“. Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-219686.

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Organic solar cells are one of the most promising candidates for future solar power generation. They are thin and lightweight with several additional advantages such as scalability, environmental sustainability and low cost for processing and installation. However, the low charge carrier mobility of the absorbing material for organic solar cells requires thin absorber layers, limiting photon harvesting and the overall power conversion efficiency. Several attempts, e.g., periodically patterned structures and scattering layers have been tried to enhance the absorption of thin-film solar cells as light trapping elements. However, much effort is required to introduce light trapping structures to conventional rigid metal oxide electrodes and glass substrate. For instance, almost 13 hours are required to fabricate micro structures of 1 m2 area on glass, in contrast, 1 minute on PET using a same laser set-up and an additional scattering layers are demanded for providing light trapping effects to solar cells. In the last years, flexibility is emerging as the one of the major advantages of organic solar cells. To realize flexibility of solar cells, the classically used glass substrates and ITO electrodes are too brittle. Therefore, polymer materials are promising candidates to replace them as flexible electrodes and substrates. In this thesis, the highly transparent conducting polymer, PEDOT:PSS and PET equipped with an AlOx encapsulation layer are used as electrode and substrate, respectively. Besides the flexibility, additional light trapping elements, e.g. scattering particles, nano- and microstructures can be easily applied to the polymer materials since they have the potential for easier shaping and processing. In this study, we apply different light trapping and in-coupling approaches to organic solar cells. First, PET substrates are structured with a direct laser interference patterning system, which is a powerful and scalable one-step technique for patterning polymers. Almost 80 % of the light is diffracted by these patterned PET substrates and thereby the light path in the absorption layer is increased. Optical display films, commercially developed to be used as back light units of liquid crystal displays are also examined as light trapping substrates and exhibit similar enhancement as patterned PET. Moreover, since PEDOT:PSS is prepared by a solution-based process, TiO2 nanoparticles are added as light scattering elements to the PEDOT:PSS electrodes. Consequently, those electrodes provide a dual function as electrical contact and light trapping element. Finally, 2- or 3-dimensional nanostructures are printed by a nano-imprinting technique onto the surface of PEDOT:PSS with PDMS stamps. By controlling the temperature and the time of PEDOT:PSS during an annealing step, nanostructures are transferred from PDMS masks to PEDOT:PSS. To evaluate the effects of light trapping for all above mentioned approaches, flexible organic solar cells are produced by vacuum evaporation using blends of DCV5T-Me and C60 as absorber layer. The substrates are optically characterized using UV-vis spectrometer and goniometer measurements. The topography of the samples is measured by atomic force microscopy, scanning microscopy and optical microscopy. Bending tests with various radii are performed to test the flexibility of the substrates. In summary, light trapping effects are successfully implemented in the electrodes and substrates for OPVs, giving efficiency improvements of up to 16 %. The light trapping mechanisms in our approaches are extensively discussed in this thesis
Organische Photovoltaik ist einer der vielversprechendsten Kandidaten für die zukünftige Solarstromgewinnung auf flexiblen Substraten. Um diese Flexibilität zu ermöglichen, sind herkömliche Glassubstrate mit ITO-Elektroden zu spröde. Ein vielversprechender Kandidat, um sowohl flexible Elektroden als auch flexible Substrate herzustellen, sind Polymere, da diese sehr biegsam und leicht zu verarbeiten sind. Deshalb wird in dieser Arbeit das hoch transparente, leitfähige Polymer PEDOT:PSS als Elektrode und PET (mit einer AlOx Verkapselungsschicht) als Substrat untersucht. Aufgrund der guten Prozessierbarkeit der Polymere konnten wir zusätzlich zu den eigentlichen Funktionen des Substrates und der Elektrode noch den Mechanismus des Lichteinfangs hinzufügen. Zusätzlich zu ihrer Flexibilität haben organische Solarzellen noch weitere Vorteile: sie sind dünn, leicht, skalierbar und verursachen vergleichsweise geringe Kosten für Herstellung und Installation. Ein Nachteil organischer Solarzellen ist die vergleichsweise geringe Ladungsträgerbeweglichkeit der Absorbermaterialien, welche oft die Schichtdicke der Absorbermaterialien begrenzt. Dies hat weniger absorbierte Photonen, weniger Stromdichte und somit einen geringeren Wirkungsgrad zur Folge. In den letzten Jahren wurden periodisch strukturierte Substrate und streuende Schichten als Lichteinfangelemente eingesetzt, um den Wirkungsgrad organischer Solarzellen mit dünnen Absorberschichten zu erhöhen. Gestaltungsregeln für solche Lichteinfangelemente sind noch weitestgehend unbekannt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit strukturieren wir PET Substrate mit einem direkten Laserinterferenzsystem, welches ein leistungsfähiges, skalierbares Einschrittverfahren zur Polymerstrukturierung ist. Da PEDOT:PSS aus der Lösung prozessiert wird, können wir weiterhin Nanopartikel hinzufügen, die der Elektrode zusätzlich noch lichtstreuende Eigenschaften geben. Außerdem können 2- bzw. 3-dimensionale Nanostrukturen leicht mithilfe einer Stempeltechnik eingeprägt werden. Um die Effekte des Lichteinfangs, welcher durch die oben genannten Methoden erzeugt wird, zu untersuchen, werden flexible organische Solarzellen mittels Vakuumverdampfung prozessiert. DCV5T-Me und C60 bilden dabei die photoaktive Schicht. Somit werden die Licht fangenden Eigenschaften dieser flexiblen Solarzellen ausgenutzt und ausführlich in der Arbeit diskutiert

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Aronsson, Oscar, Daniel Nyqvist und Simon Robertsson. „Solar energy production at Heby Skola : A pilot study of a photovoltaic installation in Sweden“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201894.

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Photovoltaic is a renewable energy technology that creates electricity by converting the energy of light. Photovoltaics are usually installed on buildings. In this pilot study, the viability of such an installation on the roof of the school Heby skola is examined with respect to produced electricity, economic potential and environmental impact. This is done with the software Solelekonomi, together with 11-years of solar irradiance data and measurements of the properties of the intended roof, which made it was possible to simulate the production patterns of a photovoltaic system. The simulations were made on two possible system sizes 50 m2 and 200 m2 with respectively 7.75 and 31 kWpeak installed power. Among other things, the results showed that 1.1% and 4.45% of the total electricity consumption could be replaced by the systems. A PV investment was found to be a good option with respect to the sections examined. Furthermore, considering PVinstallations, the school was found to be representative for schools in Sweden, and thus this essay can provide a basis for other PV pilot project on Swedish schools.

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Lee, Jae-Hyeong. „Studies on Coating Process for Organic/Inorganic Thin-Films for Photovoltaics“. Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188819.

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Lee, Michael M. „Organic-inorganic hybrid photovoltaics based on organometal halide perovskites“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9384fc54-30de-4f0d-86fc-71c22d350102.

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This thesis details the development of a novel photovoltaic device based on organometal halide perovskites. The initial focus of this thesis begins with the study of lighttrapping strategies in solid-state dye-sensitised solar cells (detailed in chapter 3). While I report enhancement in device performance through the application of near and far-ﬁeld light-trapping techniques, I ﬁnd that improvements remain step-wise due to fundamental limitations currently employed in dye-sensitised solar cell technology— notably, the available light-sensitising materials. I found a promising yet under researched family of materials in the methyl ammonium tri-halide plumbate perovskite (detailed in chapter 4). The perovskite light-sensitiser was applied to the traditional mesoscopic sensitised solar cell device architecture as a replacement to conventional dye yielding world-record breaking photo-conversion e!ciencies for solid-state sensitised solar cells as high as 8.5%. The system was further developed leading to the conception of a novel device architecture, termed the mesoporous superstructured solar cell (MSSC), this new architecture replaces the conventional mesoporous titanium dioxide semiconductor with a porous insulating oxide in aluminium oxide, resulting in very low fundamental losses evidenced through high photo-generated open-circuit voltages of over 1.1 V. This development has delivered striking photo-conversion ef- ﬁciencies of 10.9% (detailed in chapter 6).

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Patrick, Christopher Edward. „Photoemission spectra of nanostructured solar cell interfaces from first principles“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fa2333ea-7016-4d6f-8d55-aee4178482a6.

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Photovoltaic (PV) technologies could provide abundant, clean and secure energy through the conversion of sunlight into electricity, but currently are too expensive to compete with conventional sources of power. Novel PV devices incorporating nanostructured materials, such as the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC), have been identified as viable, low-cost alternatives to traditional solar cell designs. In spite of technological progress in the field over the last twenty years, the underlying physics governing DSC operation is still not well understood. In this thesis, first-principles (i.e. parameter-free) calculations are performed with the aim of connecting experimentally-measured photoemission data to the underlying atomistic and electronic structure of interfaces found in DSCs. The principal system under study is the interface between anatase titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and the "N3" dye molecule, one of the most widely-investigated device designs in DSC research. Atomistic models of the interface are determined within density-functional theory. Core-level spectra of these interface models are then calculated using a ∆SCF approach. Comparison of the calculations to published experimental data finds that intermolecular interactions have a significant effect on the spectra. Next, the electronic structure of bulk TiO₂ and of isolated N3 molecules is calculated using the GW approximation and ∆SCF method respectively. For the former, it is shown that including Hubbard U corrections in the initial Hamiltonian reduces the GW gap by 0.4 eV. These calculations are then used to determine the valence photoemission spectrum of the full interface. By including image-charge effects, thermal broadening and configurational disorder, quantitative agreement with experimentally-measured spectra is demonstrated. In addition to the N3/TiO₂ system, calculations of the core-level spectra of the interfaces between TiO₂ and H₂O and bi-isonicotinic acid are also presented. The thesis concludes with a study of the X₂Y₃/TiO₂ interfaces (X=Sb, Bi; Y=S, Se) found in recently-developed semiconductor-sensitized solar cells.

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Bücher zum Thema "Photovoltaics cell"

Institute for Energy (European Commission) und European Commission. Joint Research Centre., Hrsg. PV status report 2008: Research, solar solar cell production and market implementation of photovoltaics. Luxembourg: Office of Official Publications of the European Communities, 2008.

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Tsakalakos, Loucas. Nanoscale photonic and cell technologies for photovoltaics: 11 and 13 August 2008, San Diego, California, USA. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2008.

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Tsakalakos, Loucas. Nanoscale photonic and cell technologies for photovoltaics: 11 and 13 August 2008, San Diego, California, USA. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2008.

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Tsakalakos, Loucas. Nanoscale photonic and cell technologies for photovoltaics II: 2-4 August 2009, San Diego, California, United States. Herausgegeben von SPIE (Society). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2009.

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Peter, Toggweiler, Hrsg. Photovoltaik und architektur: Die Integration von Solarzellen in Gebäudehüllen = Photovoltaics in architecture : the integration of photovoltaic cells in building envelopes. Basel: Birkhäuser, 1993.

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Photovoltaics developments, applications, and impact. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Tanaka, Hideki. Photovoltaics developments, applications, and impact. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Zhang, Chunfu, Jincheng Zhang, Xiaohua Ma und Qian Feng. Semiconductor Photovoltaic Cells. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9480-9.

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Applied photovoltaics. 3. Aufl. London: Earthscan, 2012.

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Photovoltaic materials. London: Imperial College Press, 1998.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Photovoltaics cell"

Müller, Monika Freunek. „Indoor Photovoltaics: Efficiencies, Measurements and Design“. In Solar Cell Nanotechnology, 203–22. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118845721.ch8.

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Kim, Byeong Jo, und Hyun Suk Jung. „Flexible Perovskite Solar Cell“. In Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics, 325–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35114-8_13.

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Chen, Hsiang-Yu, Zheng Xu, Gang Li und Yang Yang. „Improving Polymer Solar Cell Through Efficient Solar Energy Harvesting“. In WOLEDs and Organic Photovoltaics, 199–236. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14935-1_8.

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Shanmugam, Mariyappan, und Bin Yu. „Two Dimensional Layered Semiconductors: Emerging Materials for Solar Photovoltaics“. In Solar Cell Nanotechnology, 117–34. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118845721.ch4.

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Ito, Seigo. „Inorganic Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cell“. In Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics, 343–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35114-8_14.

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Amiri, Iraj Sadegh, und Mahdi Ariannejad. „Development of Solar Cell Photovoltaics: Introduction and Working Principles“. In SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17395-1_1.

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Mazher, Javed, Asefa A. Desta und Shabina Khan. „PAn-Graphene-Nanoribbon Composite Materials for Organic Photovoltaics: A DFT Study of Their Electronic and Charge Transport Properties“. In Solar Cell Nanotechnology, 357–407. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118845721.ch14.

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Beaumont, B., P. Garabedian, J. C. Guillaume, G. Nataf und C. Verie. „A InP Lattice-Matched Ga0.47.In0.53As Cell for Multispectral Photovoltaics“. In Seventh E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 766–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3817-5_136.

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Abbassi, Abderrahman. „Advanced Materials for Solar Cell Applications: Case of Simple and Composite Oxides“. In Advanced Technologies for Solar Photovoltaics Energy Systems, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64565-6_1.

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Aminou Moussavou, A. A., A. K. Raji und M. Adonis. „Controlling the Hybrid PV/T System Self-heating Using Extrinsic Cell Resistance“. In Advanced Technologies for Solar Photovoltaics Energy Systems, 315–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64565-6_11.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Photovoltaics cell"

Davis, Mark W., A. Hunter Fanney und Brian P. Dougherty. „Prediction of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Cell Temperatures“. In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-140.

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Abstract A barrier to the widespread application of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is the lack of validated predictive performance tools. Architects and building owners need these tools in order to determine if the potential energy savings realized from building integrated photovoltaics justifies the additional capital expenditure. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) seeks to provide high quality experimental data that can be used to develop and validate these predictive performance tools. The temperature of a photovoltaic module affects its electrical output characteristics and efficiency. Traditionally, the temperature of solar cells has been characterized using the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT), which can be used in conjunction with a calculation procedure to predict the module’s temperature for various environmental conditions. The NOCT procedure provides a representative prediction of the cell temperature, specifically for the ubiquitous rack-mounted installation. The procedure estimates the cell temperature based on the ambient temperature and the solar irradiance. It makes the approximation that the overall heat loss coefficient is constant. In other words, the temperature difference between the panel and the environment is linearly related to the heat flux on the panels (solar irradiance). The heat transfer characteristics of a rack-mounted PV module and a BIPV module can be quite different. The manner in which the module is installed within the building envelope influences the cell’s operating temperature. Unlike rack-mounted modules, the two sides of the modules may be subjected to significantly different environmental conditions. This paper presents a new technique to compute the operating temperature of cells within building integrated photovoltaic modules using a one-dimensional transient heat transfer model. The resulting predictions are compared to measured BIPV cell temperatures for two single crystalline BIPV panels (one insulated panel and one uninsulated panel). Finally, the results are compared to predictions using the NOCT technique.

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Cui, J. B., und U. J. Gibson. „All-Oxide Embedded-Nanowire Solar Cell“. In Optical Nanostructures for Photovoltaics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pv.2010.pwe2.

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Fanney, A. Hunter, Brian P. Dougherty und Mark W. Davis. „Measured Performance of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels“. In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-138.

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Abstract The photovoltaic industry is experiencing rapid growth. Industry analysts project that photovoltaic sales will increase from their current $1.5 billion level to over $27 billion by 2020, representing an average growth rate of 25% [1]. To date, the vast majority of sales have been for navigational signals, call boxes, telecommunication centers, consumer products, off-grid electrification projects, and small grid-interactive residential rooftop applications. Building integrated photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic cells into one of more of the exterior surfaces of the building envelope, represents a small but growing photovoltaic application. In order for building owners, designers, and architects to make informed economic decisions regarding the use of building integrated photovoltaics, accurate predictive tools and performance data are needed. A building integrated photovoltaic test bed has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to provide the performance data needed for model validation. The facility incorporates four identical pairs of building integrated photovoltaic panels constructed using single-crystalline, polycrystalline, silicon film, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic cells. One panel of each identical pair is installed with thermal insulation attached to its rear surface. The second paired panel is installed without thermal insulation. This experimental configuration yields results that quantify the effect of elevated cell temperature on the panels’ performance for different cell technologies. This paper presents the first set of experimental results from this facility. Comparisons are made between the electrical performance of the insulated and non-insulated panels for each of the four cell technologies. The monthly and overall conversion efficiencies for each cell technology are presented and the seasonal performance variations discussed. Daily efficiencies are presented for a selected month. Finally, hourly plots of the power output and panel temperatures are presented and discussed for the single-crystalline and amorphous silicon panels.

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Guler, Urcan, und Rasit Turan. „Metal Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Solar Cell Applications“. In Optical Nanostructures for Photovoltaics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pv.2010.pwb3.

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Shapira, Ofer, Nicholas Orf und Yoel Fink. „Towards Thermally-Drawn Nano-Structured Solar Cell“. In Optical Nanostructures for Photovoltaics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pv.2010.pwd1.

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Schwalm, M., C. Lange, W. W. Rühle, W. Stolz, K. Volz und S. Chatterjee. „Solar Cell Characterization with High Spatial Resolution“. In Optical Nanostructures for Photovoltaics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pv.2010.pwe4.

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Han, Hongwei. „Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cell: From Cell to Module“. In 2nd Asia-Pacific Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics. Valencia: Fundació Scito, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.ap-hopv.2018.048.

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Abass, Aimi, Honghui Shen, Peter Bienstman und Bjorn Maes. „Increasing Polymer Solar Cell Efficiency with Triangular Silver Gratings“. In Optical Nanostructures for Photovoltaics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pv.2010.pwa5.

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Boehm, Robert. „Assessment of Solar Development in Taiwan“. In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91020.

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A study of the state of solar energy development in Taiwan has been performed. In this work, general energy use, solar research issues, and solar manufacturing status and applications were surveyed in late 2011. It was found that there are active research efforts underway in a variety of solar technologies, primarily in photovoltaics, and to a limited extent in solar domestic water heating. Significant manufacturing capabilities in photovoltaic cells have developed within the last decade, and this has grown rapidly, such that Taiwan has edged out Germany for the number two spot in the list of top manufacturers. Very little in the line of photovoltaic installations are found on the island, however. Another characteristic in terms of solar water heating manufacturing and application is that not much is found in Taiwan in contrast to what has taken place on the mainland of China. Some government efforts to stimulate the Taiwanese consumer market both in photovoltaics as well as water heating are outlined, but goals for the PV installations seem overly optimistic based upon recent history.

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Subbiah, Jegadesan, Haotian Wang, Wallace W. H. Wong und David J. Jones. „Efficient, square-centimetre inverted organic solar cell using a metal grid coated transparent electrode (Conference Presentation)“. In Organic Photovoltaics XVII, herausgegeben von Zakya H. Kafafi, Paul A. Lane und Ifor D. Samuel. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2238525.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Photovoltaics cell"

Gabor, A., und F. van Mierlo. Self Aligned Cell: Scaling Up Manufacture of a Cost Effective Cell Architecture for Multicrystalline Silicon Photovoltaics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1001446.

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Buonassisi, Tonio. Defect Engineering, Cell Processing, and Modeling for High-Performance, Low-Cost Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Februar 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1064431.

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Wohlgemuth, J. H., und S. Narayanan. Photovoltaic concentrator initiative: Concentrator cell development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10176851.

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Easoz, J., R. Rosey, R. Campbell, R. Rupnik, R. Sprecace, P. Piotrowski, J. McHugh und R. Seidensticker. Dendritic web silicon photovoltaic cell research. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6904462.

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Yang, Rui Q., Michael B. Santos und Matthew B. Johnson. Interband Cascade Photovoltaic Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157586.

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Barber, Greg D. Dye Sensitized Tandem Photovoltaic Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061491.

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Newman, Nathan, und Mark van Schilfgaarde. II-IV-V Based Thin Film Tandem Photovoltaic Cell. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1242996.

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Babinec, Susan. Lithium Ion Cell Development for Photovoltaic Energy Storage Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Februar 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1064418.

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Felder, Jennifer. Design & Fabrication of a High-Voltage Photovoltaic Cell. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1050222.

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Harris, James. Optimization of concentrator photovoltaic solar cell performance through photonic engineering. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1431038.

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