Zeitschriftenartikel: „Photovoltaic diode“

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Rajagukguk, Antonius, Dedet Candra Riawan und Mochamad Ashari. „Performance Characteristics of Miniature Photovoltaic Farm Under Dynamic Partial Shading“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, Nr. 1 (01.07.2018): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp400-408.

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<p>This paper presents investigation of performance characteristic on a miniature photovoltaic farm under dynamic partially shaded condition. Effects of applying bypass diodes in each photovoltaics modul and the transient current of the diode is also investigated. The miniature of PV Farm consisting 4 photovoltaic panels, connected in series to form one string. The whole system comprises 5 photovoltaic strings, which are connected in parallel producing 30 volt and 60 watt peak power fromminiature PV farm. Shading of 10%, 20 % up to 50 % with dynamically changed is applied. Result from both laboratory tests and simulations is investigated and show very similar.</p>

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Amin, Hajizadeh, und Warrier Anil Kumar Jishnu. „Parameter Identification and Effect of Partial Shading on a Photovoltaic System“. E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186406006.

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Partial shading cause significant losses to the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) system. So, it is imperative to study effects of partial shading; for that a two-diode model of the experimental setup made. Upon verifying the model with the experimental parameters, a MATLAB/Simulink model is made based on this model. Various shading patterns, the effect of bypass diodes; the effect of overlapping bypass diode is studied on this MATLAB/Simulink model. It is found out that the reduction in power loss is depended on the location of the shaded cell but not the area of the shaded cell. Also, the over-lapping bypass diode configuration has a slight improvement in the PV performance compared to the non-overlapping bypass diode configuration. An experimental test is also conducted by applying different shading pattern and they proves the results are compatible with the simulated results.

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Shin, Woo, Suk Ko, Hyung Song, Young Ju, Hye Hwang und Gi Kang. „Origin of Bypass Diode Fault in c-Si Photovoltaic Modules: Leakage Current under High Surrounding Temperature“. Energies 11, Nr. 9 (12.09.2018): 2416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092416.

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Bypass diodes have been widely utilized in crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules to maximize the output of a PV module array under partially shaded conditions. A Schottky diode is used as the bypass diode in c-Si PV modules due to its low operating voltage. In this work, we systematically investigated the origin of bypass diode faults in c-Si PV modules operated outdoors. The temperature of the inner junction box where the bypass diode is installed increases as the ambient temperature increases. Its temperature rises to over 70 °C on sunny days in summer. As the temperature of the junction box increases from 25 to 70 °C, the leakage current increases up to 35 times under a reverse voltage of 15 V. As a result of the high leakage current of the bypass diode at high temperature, melt down of the junction barrier between the metal and semiconductor has been observed in damaged diodes collected from abnormally functioning PV modules. Thus, it is believed that the constant leakage current applied to the junction caused the melting of the junction, thereby resulting in a failure of both the bypass diode and the c-Si PV module.

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Aftab, Sikandar, Samiya, Rabia, Saqlain Yousuf, Muhammad Usman Khan, Rafia Khawar, Ayesha Younus, Mumtaz Manzoor, Muhammad Waqas Iqbal und Muhammad Zahir Iqbal. „Carrier polarity modulation of molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) for phototransistor and switching photodiode applications“. Nanoscale 12, Nr. 29 (2020): 15687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr03904g.

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Vieira, Romênia G., Fábio M. U. de Araújo, Mahmoud Dhimish und Maria I. S. Guerra. „A Comprehensive Review on Bypass Diode Application on Photovoltaic Modules“. Energies 13, Nr. 10 (14.05.2020): 2472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102472.

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Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has shown significant expansion on the installed capacity over the last years. Most of its power systems are installed on rooftops, integrated into buildings. Considering the fast development of PV plants, it has becoming even more critical to understand the performance and reliability of such systems. One of the most common problems faced in PV plants occurs when solar cells receive non-uniform irradiance or partially shaded. The consequences of shading generally are prevented by bypass diodes. A significant number of studies and technical reports have been published as of today, based on extensive experience from research and field feedbacks. However, such material has not been cataloged or analyzed from a perspective of the technological evolution of bypass diodes devices. This paper presents a comprehensive review and highlights recent advances, ongoing research, and prospects, as reported in the literature, on bypass diode application on photovoltaic modules. First, it outlines the shading effect and hotspot problem on PV modules. Following, it explains bypass diodes’ working principle, as well as discusses how such devices can impact power output and PV modules’ reliability. Then, it gives a thorough review of recently published research, as well as the state of the art in the field. In conclusion, it makes a discussion on the overview and challenges to bypass diode as a mitigation technique.

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Álvarez-Tey, Germán, José Antonio Clavijo-Blanco, Álvaro Gil-García, Rafael Jiménez-Castañeda und Carmen García-López. „Electrical and Thermal Behaviour of Crystalline Photovoltaic Solar Modules in Shading Conditions“. Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 15 (27.07.2019): 3038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153038.

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The shadow effect caused by nearby objects or the lack of cleaning significantly affects the performance of photovoltaics (PV) installations. This article analyses the bypass diode electrical behaviour and the thermal response of a PV crystalline module under shading or soiling conditions. PV cells of different substrings were covered progressively to simulate the effect of shading or soiling while a programmable electronic DC load was connected to a PV module to set an operating voltage. Three different tests were made to different PV crystalline technology. The paper characterizes in real conditions the I–V curve, bypass diode current, and front and back side PV cell temperature with contact sensor and infrared (IR) thermography, respectively. The results showed that the operation voltage established in the PV module defines the electrical bypass diode current and thermal response under normal operating conditions, shading or soiling. To show the bypass diode behaviour in such conditions, I–V curves were obtained, pointing out the value of the current that flows through bypass diodes in the whole voltage range.

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Utami, Dwi Prima Putri, und Antonius Rajagukguk. „Analysis Of Power Generation Photovoltaic Array 9×10 Wp Under Shading Effect“. International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering 3, Nr. 1 (28.02.2020): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.3.1.13-16.

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There are several problems that can interfere with the performance of large-scale PV. One that enhances PV performance is shading on a PV module, that make interferes PV performance. This research studied about the effect of shading on the performance of large-scale PV systems through testing a 9 × 10 Wp miniature PV array and simulation using Matlab software. The use of diodes on a PV module can be done to prevent damage to the PV module due to shading. Through the power-voltage (P-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristic curves the effect of shading and the use of bypass and blocking diodes can be determined. Shading effect gave in a decrease in power in the PV module. From the results of this study note that the bypass diode and blocking diode output power generated by the PV module can be optimal.

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Sawano, Naoki, Takuo Notohara, Yasuyuki Ota und Kensuke Nishioka. „Output Characteristic Analysis of Partially Shaded Back Surface of Bifacial Photovoltaic Solar Module“. Advanced Materials Research 893 (Februar 2014): 769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.769.

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Using an equivalent circuit model, the output characteristics of a bifacial photovoltaic solar module under various shaded conditions of the back side of the module were analyzed in detail. From the dark current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of bifacial photovoltaic solar cell, the diode parameters were extracted. The extracted diode parameters were applied to the equivalent circuit model for the bifacial photovoltaic solar module, and the solar-module performance was calculated. There was good agreement between the measured and calculated IV characteristics of the bifacial photovoltaic solar module under various shaded conditions.

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Cress, Cory D., Stephen J. Polly, Seth M. Hubbard, Ryne P. Raffaelle und Robert J. Walters. „Demonstration of a nipi -diode photovoltaic“. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 19, Nr. 5 (02.01.2011): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.1071.

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Cárdenas-Bravo, Carlos, Rodrigo Barraza, Antonio Sánchez-Squella, Patricio Valdivia-Lefort und Federico Castillo-Burns. „Estimation of Single-Diode Photovoltaic Model Using the Differential Evolution Algorithm with Adaptive Boundaries“. Energies 14, Nr. 13 (30.06.2021): 3925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133925.

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This study proposes a calculation methodology that determines the optimal boundary parameters of the single-diode photovoltaic model. It allows the calculation of the single-diode photovoltaic model when no reference parameter boundaries are available. The differential evolution algorithm, integrated with a step-by-step boundary definition module, is used to calculate the optimal parameters of the single-diode photovoltaic model, improving the performance of the classic algorithm compared with other studies. The solution is validated by comparing the results with well-established algorithms described in the state-of-the-art, and by estimating the five important points (cardinal points) of an IV curve, namely short-circuit, maximum power, and open circuit points, using a database composed of 100 solar photovoltaic modules. The results show that an optimal set of parameter boundaries enables the differential evolution algorithm to minimize the error of the estimated cardinal points. Moreover, the proposed calculus methodology is capable of producing high-performance response photovoltaic models for different technologies and rated powers.

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Калиновский, В. С., Е. В. Контрош, Г. В. Климко, С. В. Иванов, В. С. Юферев, Б. Я. Бер, Д. Ю. Казанцев und В. М. Андреев. „Разработка и исследование туннельных p-i-n-диодов GaAs/AlGaAs для многопереходных преобразователей мощного лазерного излучения“. Физика и техника полупроводников 54, Nr. 3 (2020): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2020.03.49034.9298.

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Fabrication of connecting tunnel diodes with high peak tunnel current density exceeding the short-circuit current density of photoactive p−n junctions is an important task in development of multi-junction III−V photovoltaic converters of high-power optical radiation. Based on the results of a numerical simulation of tunnel diode current−voltage characteristics, a method is suggested for raising the peak tunnel current density by connecting a thin undoped i-type layer with thickness of several nanometers between the degenerate layers of a tunnel diode. The method of molecular-beam epitaxy was used to grow p−i−n GaAs/Al0.2Ga0.8As structures of connecting tunnel diodes with peak tunnel current density of up to 200A/cm2 .

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Bouhaki, L., R. Saadani und M. Rahmoune. „Comparison between single-diode and two diodes models of a grid connected PV technologies: numerical study and experimental validation“. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, Nr. 2 (01.06.2020): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp914-920.

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<p>This article presents a simulation model comparison between a diode and two diodes of a photovoltaic cell. The simulation model created under the Matlab-Simulink environment predicts annual performances of the three photovoltaic field technologies connected to the grid. The simulation models have been validated by the experimental data of the photovoltaic system in the meteorological conditions of the city of Meknes. The interest is to inspect the closest model that allows to obtain more reliable results in order to follow the performances and the operation of the installation in the coming years, Also to compare between the efficiency of the three photovoltaic technologies (monocrystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous) in the same climatic conditions of Meknes city in Morocco which is a Mediterranean climate with very cold winters and very hot summer.</p>

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Azzouzi, M., D. Popescu und M. Bouchahdane. „Modeling of Electrical Characteristics of Photovoltaic Cell Considering Single-Diode Model“. Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 4, Nr. 6 (2016): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2016.4.6.323.

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Zhang, Jun Hong, Xue Ye Wei und Zi Nan Hui. „Study on the Characteristics of Photovoltaic Large Array Based on the Double Diode Model“. Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (Oktober 2013): 1145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1145.

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Research on the mathematical model and output characteristics of a large photovoltaic array has important significance for optimal allocation and maximum power point tracking. Based on the double-diode model of photovoltaic cells, this paper deduced the mathematical model of a large photovoltaic array and made the improvement to the model and parameter optimization. According to the principle of the maximum power point matching, the large photovoltaic array MATLAB simulation mode of the improved double diode was established by use of the Newton - Ravson algorithm to determine the values of Rs and Rp. The model has the advantages of simple structure, fast operation, and the output characteristics for various light irradiation and temperature levels could be simulated exactly only by use of some parameters from photovoltaic cell production businesses. The output current data of PV module under different temperature and illumination were measured by experiment. Compared with the simulation model, it is concluded that the precision of the model in low light and high temperature condition is better than that of the single diode model, and can be applied to various types of large photovoltaic array..

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Zebiri, Mohamed, Mohamed Mediouni und Hicham Idadoub. „Modeling and simulation of the shading effect on the performance of a photovoltaic module in the presence of the bypass diode.“ E3S Web of Conferences 37 (2018): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183706002.

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In photovoltaic renewable energy production systems where production is dependent on weather conditions, maintaining production at a suitable level is more than essential. The shading effect in photovoltaic panels affects the production of electrical energy by reducing it or even causing the destruction of some or all of the panels. To circumvent this problem, among the solutions proposed in the literature we find the use of by-pass diode and anti-return diode to minimize these consequences.In this paper we present a simulation under Matlab-Simulink of the shading effect and we compare the current voltages characteristics (I-V) and power voltage (P-V) of a photovoltaic system for different irradiations in the presence and absence of diode by -pass. For modeling, we will use the diode model and the Lambert W-function to solve the implicit equation of the output current. This method allows you to analyze the performance of a panel at different shading levels.

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Shang, Er Song, und Tao An. „Two-Diode Model Analysis and Experimental Verification for Photovoltaic Cells“. Advanced Materials Research 684 (April 2013): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.684.269.

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This paper analyzed a kind of two-diode model and reasonably simplified the mathematical calculation process under different irradiance, proposing a method which can use maximum power point to calculate simultaneously series and parallel resistance. Two kinds of PV modules should be tested in order to validating the accuracy of the proposed method. It is calculated that the relative error of single diode model is 1.72% and the two-diode model is 0.45%. The result shows that more accuracy can be performed for two-diode model in reflecting the output characteristics of photovoltaic cells.

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Mahmoud, Soliman, Mejd Alsari, Esra Reda und Ruqiya Alhammadi. „MATLAB Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Modules“. Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (Mai 2012): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.246.

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In this paper a modeling method is investigated that finds the non-linear equation parameters of a photovoltaic (PV) module in order to obtain the desired PV model using any circuit simulator. This modeling method adjusts the I-V curve at three remarkable points: the open circuit voltage, the short circuit current, and the maximum power point [1]. Three models are realized using this technique namely, the single-diode model, the two-diode model, and the three-diode model. The evaluation study of the accuracy of these three models showed relative errors ranging from 32% to 50%. Further, this technique is improved by adjusting the I-V curve at more than three points depending on the number of unknowns to be found for each model, which showed a reduction in the relative error ranging from 0.37% to 38%.

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Ibrahim, Banaz S., Sarkar Jawhar M. Shareef und Hilmi F. Ameen. „Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Panels Under the Effect of Electrical and Environmental Parameters in Erbil City“. UKH Journal of Science and Engineering 5, Nr. 1 (30.06.2021): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v5n1y2021.pp101-110.

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This paper presents the performance analysis of a photovoltaic cell derived from a single diode equivalent circuit under the influence of several kinds of electrical and environmental parameters. The characteristics of a solar cell have been investigated using MATLAB simulation and have been validated experimentally. In this paper the photovoltaic cell is represented by an exact equivalent circuit including all parameters such as a diode saturation current, light generated current, temperature effects, series and shunt resistance values. Also, this paper includes the impacts of clouds, dust, chalk powder, fly ash and bird droppings on the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. A comparison between the experimental and model simulation results confirmed the reality of results, and indicate the validity of the exact model for photovoltaic performance analysis.

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Zhou, Yutao. „Photovoltaic-powered light-emitting diode lighting systems“. Optical Engineering 44, Nr. 11 (01.11.2005): 111311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2130109.

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Ren, Huixue, und Peide Han. „Necessity Analysis of Bypass Diode for AC Module under Partial Shading Condition“. Energies 14, Nr. 16 (06.08.2021): 4778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164778.

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To protect a photovoltaic module from the hot spot effect more efficiently, an AC (alternating current) module that contains a module-level MPPT (maximum power point tracking) has been put forward. In this paper, operation states of shadowed solar cells and relevant bypass diodes were studied through MATLAB/Simulink tools, and a commercial PV module was used to reveal the temperature change when working at different LMPP (local maximum power point). Experiment results show that bypass diode can reduce power loss for the AC module to some extent but has a limited effect on protecting the AC module from the hot spot effect. Instead, it is more likely to form a local hot spot when the bypass diode turns on, and the worst shading condition for the AC module with bypass diode is about 46.5% during work states.

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Gil-Escrig, Lidón, Giulia Longo, Antonio Pertegás, Cristina Roldán-Carmona, A. Soriano, Michele Sessolo und Henk J. Bolink. „Efficient photovoltaic and electroluminescent perovskite devices“. Chemical Communications 51, Nr. 3 (2015): 569–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc07518h.

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Planar diode structures employing hybrid organic–inorganic methylammonium lead iodide perovskites lead to multifunctional devices exhibiting both a high photovoltaic efficiency and good electroluminescence.

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Chitti Babu, B., Suresh Gurjar und Ashish Meher. „Analysis of Photovoltaic (PV) Module during Partial Shading based on Simplified Two-Diode Model“. International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 16, Nr. 1 (01.02.2015): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2014-0164.

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Abstract Generally, the characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) array are largely affected by solar temperature, solar irradiance, shading patterns, array configuration and location of shading modules. Partial shading is due to moving clouds and shadows of nearby obstacles and can cause a significant degradation in the output of PV system. Hence, the characteristics of PV array get more multifaceted with multiple peaks. The ultimate aim of the paper is to analyze the performance of PV module during such adverse condition based on simplified two-diode model. To reduce the computational time, the simplified two-diode model has a photocurrent source in parallel with two ideal diodes. Only four parameters are required to be calculated from datasheet in order to simulate the model. Moreover, the performance of PV array is evaluated at different shaded patterns and it is found that the model has less computational time and gives accurate results.

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Zhong, Zhi You, C. Y. Yang und J. H. Gu. „Study on the Output Characteristics of Organic Photovoltaic Cells“. Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (Oktober 2011): 1314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1314.

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Based on the analysis of the equivalent circuit model of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, the explicit expression of current, short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage was obtained by means of W-function, and the effects of internal resistances and diode quality factor on the output characteristics of OPV cells were studied. The results demonstrate that the series resistance can effect short-circuit current but not open-circuit voltage, and the shunt resistance and diode quality factor can influence open-circuit voltage but short-circuit current unchanged. The decrease in series resistance and the increase in shunt resistance and diode quality factor can enhance the fill factor and energy conversion efficiency of OPV cells. This conclusion is essential in preparing OPV cells and improving device performance.

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Chahid, El Hadi, Mohammed Idali Oumhand, M’barek Feddaoui, Mohammed Erritali und Abdessamad Malaoui. „Effect of Measurement Factors on Photovoltaic Cell Parameters Extracting“. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, Nr. 1 (01.02.2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp50-57.

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In this paper, we study the influence of external factors on the measurement for the current–voltage (I-V) characteristic of the photovoltaic cell. These factors are the size of the number of measurements, the range of the cell generated voltage and the influence of measures step and mode combination of photovoltaic cells (parallel, serial, or hybrid). The main extracted parameters solar cell are the photocurrent Iph, the reverse diode saturation current I0, the ideality factor of diode n, the series resistance Rs and the shunt resistance Rsh. A method for finding these parameters, according to the single-diode model, was developed by Newton-Raphson’s method using Matlab. To assess the accuracy of this method, measured and calculated I–V characteristics were compared with provided data by the manufacturer at standard test condition (STC). The measurement results showed that these parameters are highly dependent on these four factors.

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Yesilbudak, Mehmet. „Parameter Extraction of Photovoltaic Cells and Modules Using Grey Wolf Optimizer with Dimension Learning-Based Hunting Search Strategy“. Energies 14, Nr. 18 (12.09.2021): 5735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185735.

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With the increase in the share of solar energy in the sustainable development, accurate parameter identification plays a significant role in designing optimal solar photovoltaic systems. For this purpose, this paper extensively implements and evaluates the grey wolf optimizer with a dimension learning-based hunting search strategy, an improved version of GWO named I-GWO, in the parameter extraction of photovoltaic cells and modules. According to the experimental results, the double-diode model leads to better fitness than the other diode models in representing the physical behaviors of both photovoltaic cells and photovoltaic modules. For further performance validation, firstly, the internal parameters extracted by the I-GWO algorithm and the corresponding output current data are compared with a number of widely-used parameter extraction methods in the literature. Then, the best goodness-of-fit results achieved by the I-GWO algorithm are evaluated considering many state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms in the literature. The accuracy measures including root mean squared error and sum of individual absolute errors show that I-GWO is fairly promising to be the efficient and valuable parameter extraction method for both photovoltaic cells and photovoltaic modules.

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Sayyad, Javed K., und Paresh S. Nasikkar. „Solar photovoltaic module performance characterisation using single diode modeling“. E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017001023.

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Single or double diode electrical modeling of SPV module gives valuable results which will help to identify the exact behavior of SPV module under the normal operating condition. Accurate modelling of SPV module will also help to calculate internal resistances (Rs, Rsh) and parasitic of the SPV module. The main contribution of this work is the stepwise simplification of the current equation of single and double diode electrical model of SPV module. Then the single diode model of SPV module having 36 SPV cells in series is simulated in LTspice simulator. Simulated results are compared with labelled electrical parameters which shows close proximity to the labelled parameter at particular values of series and shunt resistance. This paper also presents the effect of variation in series resistance (Rs) and shunt resistance (Rsh) on the performance of the SPV module under normal operating condition. The dependency of SPV electrical parameters (Imax, Vmax, Pmax, FF, η) with the variation of series resistance (Rs) and shunt resistance (Rsh) is simulated, and the effects are discussed in details.

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N. Abdullah, M., M. Z. Hussin, S. A. Jumaat, N. H. Radzi und Lilik J. Awalin. „Estimation of Photovoltaic Module Parameters based on Total Error Minimization of I-V Characteristic“. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 7, Nr. 3 (01.09.2018): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v7i3.1274.

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Mathematical Modelling of photovoltaic (PV) modules is important for simulation and performance analysis of PV system. Therefore, an accurate parameters estimation is necessary. Single-diode and two-diode model are widely used to model the PV system. However, it required to determine several parameters such as series and shunt resistances that not provided in datasheet. The main goal of PV modelling technique is to obtain the accurate parameters to ensure the I-V characteristic is closed to the manufacturer datasheet. Previously, the maximum power error of calculated and datasheet value are considered as objective to be minimized for both models. This paper proposes the PV parameter estimation model based minimizing the total error of open circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current (ISC) and maximum power (PMAX) where all these parameters are provided by the manufacturer. The performance of single-diode and two-diode models are tested on different type of PV modules using MATLAB. It found that the two-diode model obtained accurate parameters with smaller error compared to single-diode model. However, the simulation time is slightly higher than single-diode model due extra calculation required.

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D, Karthikeyan, Vijayakumar K und Jagabar M. „Generalized Cascaded Symmetric and Level Doubling Multilevel Converter Topology with Reduced THD for Photovoltaic Applications“. Electronics 8, Nr. 2 (01.02.2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020161.

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In this paper, two different converter topologies for a basic new switched capacitor diode converter with a reduced number of power electronics components, suitable for grid connected photovoltaic applications were proposed. The two different structures of switched diode multilevel converter proposed were: (i) cascaded switched diode and (ii) cascaded switched diode with doubling circuit. The switched-diode multilevel converter was compared with other recent converters. In addition, a new dc offset nearest level modulation technique was proposed. This proposed dc offset technique offers low voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) and high RMS output voltage. The proposed modulation technique was compared with conventional nearest level modulation (NLM) and modified NLM control techniques. The performance of the proposed dc offset modulation technique was implemented using a FPGA Spartan 3E controller and tested with a novel switched capacitor-diode multilevel converter. However, to prove the authenticity of the switched-diode multilevel converter and modulation technique, a laboratory-based prototype model for 7-level and 13-level converters was developed.

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Choi, T., S. Lee, Y. J. Choi, V. Kiryukhin und S. W. Cheong. „Switchable Ferroelectric Diode and Photovoltaic Effect in BiFeO3“. Science 324, Nr. 5923 (19.02.2009): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1168636.

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Baek, Dohyun, Jaehyeong Lee, Pyungho Choi und Byoungdeog Choi. „Photovoltaic Module Outdoor Characterization by Single Diode Model“. Science of Advanced Materials 8, Nr. 3 (01.03.2016): 554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2016.2504.

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31

Houiji, Imen, Mounira Mahdouani, Mahfoudh Raïssi und Ramzi Bourguiga. „Modeling and optimization of organic tandem photovoltaic solar cells using silver nanowires as electrode and interconnecting layer“. European Physical Journal Applied Physics 93, Nr. 2 (Februar 2021): 20202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2021200354.

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Much research has been conducted to improve the performance of photovoltaic solar cells. Transparent conductive film and interconnection layers have a significant impact on the performance of photovoltaic cells. In this work, we analyze the experimental results obtained on tandem organic photovoltaic solar cells with simple inverted structures using silver nanowires AgNW as transparent conductive electrode (TE) and as interconnection layer (ICL) between PEDOT: PSS and ZnO. This type of contact leads to a strong ohmic contact in both sub-cells having P3HT: ICBA as the lower active layer and having PTB7: PC71BM (1: 1.5) as the upper active layer with a good complement of the absorption spectrum. To study the advantages of using AgNWs as an interconnection layer (PEDOT: PSS/AgNWs/ZnO) in tandem photovoltaic solar cells and as an anode and its impact on the performance of these organic cells, we have simulated the electrical characteristics obtained by these tandem organic photovoltaic cells using an equivalent circuit model. This model is based on a single diode model with five photovoltaic parameters. We therefore extracted all the physical parameters of the illuminated photovoltaic cell from its experimental characteristics (J–V), such as the diode saturation current density (J0), the series and shunt resistors (RS, RSh), the ideality factor (n) and the photogenerated current density (JPh). For this we have solved the analytical equations of the current density using Newton Raphson's method. The equations are derived from the single diode equivalent circuit proposed to simulate the measured current density as a function of the voltage of the manufactured tandem type organic solar cells. A good agreement was obtained between the theoretical model and the experimental electrical characteristics. This confirms that the use of AgNWs between PEDOT: PSS and ZnO as an interconnection layer in reverse geometry of these tandem devices, has improved the efficiency (PCE = 9.24%) and is proving to be an efficient recombination layer for tandem organic photovoltaic solar cells.

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Chitti Babu, B., Suresh Gurjar und Tomas Cermak. „Investigation on the accurate parameter estimation of photovoltaic (PV) module based on simplified two-diode model“. World Journal of Engineering 13, Nr. 3 (13.06.2016): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-06-2016-030.

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Purpose This paper aims to present a detailed investigation on the parameter estimation of a photovoltaic (PV) module by using a simplified two-diode model. Design/methodology/approach The studied PV module in this paper resembles an ideal two-diode model, and to reduce the computational time, the proposed model has a photocurrent source and two ideal-diodes and neglects the series and shunt resistances. Hence, for calculating the unknown parameters, only four parameters are required from the datasheet. Moreover, the studied model is simple and uses an easy modeling approach which is free from complexities. Findings The performance of the PV module is analyzed under non-standard test conditions by considering partial shading at different shaded levels, and it is found that the model has less computational time and gives accurate results. Originality/value The usefulness of this PV model is demonstrated with the help of several illustrative figures, and the performance of the PV module is evaluated.

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Galarza, Jose. „Methodology to improve the accuracy of the model in photovoltaic systems“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, Nr. 1 (01.04.2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp28-37.

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The present research proposes a methodology to improve the estimation of the unknown parameters of the unitary diode model of the photovoltaic panel. To check the accuracy, a comparison with other methodologies known in the scientific literature is made. Through an iterative process, the best value of the series resistance and the ideality factor for different temperature and irradiance conditions are identified. The objective is to determine a simplified model that accurately estimates the power supplied by a photovoltaic installation. To check the effectiveness of the methodology, a comparison was made between the power estimated by the model and the power measurements of an experimental photovoltaic installation. The results based on statistical indicators show that the proposed methodology determines a simplified model of the unitary diode with a better capacity and accuracy with respect to the known methodologies.

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Patil, Miss Dhanashree S. „Solar PV-Wind System Integration with Power Grid System“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, Nr. VIII (15.08.2021): 672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37448.

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This paper describes a photovoltaic (PV) and wind hybrid power system that is equipped with a Diode Clamped Multi-Level Inverter and LC filter for the generation of renewable energy. Due to their environmental friendliness and availability, wind and solar energy are ideal for hybrid systems in India. Due to fluctuations in the output voltage, equipment that require a consistent supply will be damaged by hybrid power systems that are completely dependent upon intermittent renewable energy sources. Matlab Simulink is used to create a model of the hybrid system using a Diode Clamped Multi-Level Inverter and an LC filter. Before merging a DC voltage hybrid system with the main grid of the power system, blocks such as the wind model, solar model, Diode Clamped Multi-Level Inverter, and LC filter are developed independently.... The input parameters for the project simulation include different irradiance values and varied wind speeds. Initially, a DC voltage hybrid system with the main grid of power system is constructed separately, taking into account the characteristics of the wind and photovoltaic models developed, as well as the simulation results for hybrid systems with and without Diode Clamped Multi-Level Inverters and LC filters. The input parameters for the project simulation include different irradiance values and varied wind speeds. Present are the wind and photovoltaic model characteristics, as well as simulation results for a hybrid system with and without a Diode Clamped Multi-Level Inverter and LC Filter. The results suggest that hybrid systems are more reliable in terms of generating output voltage than solo systems in this study. As well as this, the hybrid system's Diode Clamped Multi-Level Inverter and LC Filter can reduce output voltage fluctuations.

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Ramadan, Rehab, und Raúl J. Martín-Palma. „Electrical Characterization of MIS Schottky Barrier Diodes Based on Nanostructured Porous Silicon and Silver Nanoparticles with Applications in Solar Cells“. Energies 13, Nr. 9 (01.05.2020): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092165.

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The accurate determination of the electrical properties of photovoltaic devices is of utmost importance to predict and optimize their overall optoelectronic performance. For example, the minority carrier lifetime and the carrier diffusion length have a strong relationship with the carrier recombination rate. Additionally, parasitic resistances have an important effect on the fill factor of a solar cell. Within this context, the alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrical characteristics of Si-based metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) Schottky barrier diodes with the basic structure Al/Si/TiO2/NiCr were studied, aiming at using them as photovoltaic devices. The basic diode structure was modified by adding nanostructured porous silicon (nanoPS) layers and by infiltrating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the nanoPS layers, leading to Al/Si+nanoPS/TiO2/NiCr and Al/Si+nanoPS+AgNPs/TiO2/NiCr structures, respectively. The AC electrical properties were studied using a combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott–Schottky analysis, while the DC electrical properties were determined from current–voltage measurements. From the experimental results, an AC equivalent circuit model was proposed for the three different MIS Schottky barrier diodes under study. Additionally, the most significant electrical parameters were calculated. The results show a remarkable improvement in the performance of the MIS Schottky barrier diodes upon the addition of hybrid nanoPS layers with embedded Ag nanoparticles, opening the way to their use as photovoltaic devices.

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Meiso YOKOYAMA, Meiso YOKOYAMA, WU Chung-ming WU Chung-ming und SU Shui-hsiang SU Shui-hsiang. „Enhancing The Efficiency of White Organic Light-emitting Diode Using Energy Recyclable Photovoltaic Cells“. Chinese Journal of Luminescence 33, Nr. 1 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/fgxb20123301.0001b.

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37

Hassan, Mohamed H., Salah Kamel, M. A. El-Dabah und Hegazy Rezk. „A Novel Solution Methodology Based on a Modified Gradient-Based Optimizer for Parameter Estimation of Photovoltaic Models“. Electronics 10, Nr. 4 (16.02.2021): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040472.

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In this paper, a modified version of a recent optimization algorithm called gradient-based optimizer (GBO) is proposed with the aim of improving its performance. Both the original gradient-based optimizer and the modified version, MGBO, are utilized for estimating the parameters of Photovoltaic models. The MGBO has the advantages of accelerated convergence rate as well as avoiding the local optima. These features make it compatible for investigating its performance in one of the nonlinear optimization problems like Photovoltaic model parameters estimation. The MGBO is used for the identification of parameters of different Photovoltaic models; single-diode, double-diode, and PV module. To obtain a generic Photovoltaic model, it is required to fit the experimentally obtained data. During the optimization process, the unknown parameters of the PV model are used as a decision variable whereas the root means squared error between the measured and estimated data is used as a cost function. The results verified the fast conversion rate and precision of the MGBO over other recently reported algorithms in solving the studied optimization problem.

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Tarabsheh, Anas Al, Muhammad Akmal und Mohammed Ghazal. „Improving the Efficiency of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules without Bypass Diodes“. Electronics 10, Nr. 9 (29.04.2021): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091046.

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Photovoltaic (PV) modules comprise bypass diodes to limit hotspot formation. However, they suffer from performance reduction in the presence of partial shading. This paper proposes external circuitry to control the connection type (series/parallel) of the PV cells through a pair of on/off switches resulting in three different operation modes. Mode 1 represents the typical 36 series-connected cells, while mode 2 represents two parallel-connected strings, and mode 3 maximizes the output current where the four strings are connected in parallel. The added values of the approach are that (1) the output current of the PV module can be increased without the need for a buck-boost converter and (2) the partial shading has less impact on the output power than the adoption of bypass diodes. This work shows that simulating three monocrystalline PV modules (120 W, 200 W, and 241 W), consisting of 36, 60, and 72 series-connected cells, lose about 74% when one cell has 80% shading in the absence of bypass diodes. The application of a bypass diode for each pair of strings in the PV module improves this decrease to 61.89%, 40.66%, and 39.47%, respectively. According to our proposed approach, this power loss can be significantly decreased to 19.59%, 50%, and 50.01% for the three PV modules, respectively, representing more than a 42% improvement compared to bypass diodes.

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Xiong, Chao, Hong Chun Yuan, Lei Chen, Jin Xiao, Li Hua Ding, Xi Fang Zhu und Xiang Cai Zhou. „Fabrication and Characterization of p-CuSCN/n-Si Heterojunction Diode“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (Juni 2013): 470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.470.

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The p-CuSCN /n-Si heterojunction diode have been prepared at a low cost by chemical method. The prepared hexagonal β-CuSCN films are polycrystalline nature. The heterojunction shows a good rectifying behavior and photovoltaic effects. The current and 1/C2 versus voltage curve of the p-CuSCN/ n-Si heterojunction diode was shown. The linear relationships of 1/C2 versus voltage curve imply that the built-in potential Vbi and the conduction band offset of the heterojunction ware found to be 2.1 eV and 1.5 eV, respectively. The current transport mechanism is dominated by the space-charge limited current (SCLC) conduction at forward bias voltages. The electronic potential barrier in p-CuSCN/n-Si heterojunction interface higher than hole at forward bias voltages. In this voltages area, a single carrier injuction was induced and the main current of p-CuSCN/n-Si heterojunction is hole current.This heterojunction diode can be good used for light emission devices and photovoltaic devices.

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Usman, Ahmad Rosyid Idris, Sofyan und Irfan Syamsuddin. „Pemodelan dan Simulasi Photovoltaic Menggunakan Pendekatan Model Tiga Diode“. Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi 9, Nr. 4 (10.12.2020): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jnteti.v9i4.688.

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Pengukuran karakteristik kinerja photovoltaic (PV) membutuhkan suatu lingkungan yang dapat dikondisikan, yaitu pada kondisi radiasi matahari dan suhu standar, sehingga memerlukan peralatan khusus. Cara sederhana untuk melakukan hal ini adalah dengan memodelkan PV tersebut. Metode yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan kurva karakteristik PV adalah dengan menyamakan daya maksimal model dengan daya maksimal datasheet yang diimplementasikan pada MATLAB. Hasil simulasi yang diperoleh menunjukkan selisih antara 𝑷𝒎𝒑,𝒎 dengan 𝑷𝒎𝒑,𝒆 adalah 0,000314 W, sedangkan untuk arus hasil simulasi, dibandingkan dengan pengukuran, absolute error rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar 2,159%. Kurva I-V yang diperoleh pada model ini juga sangat identik dengan kurva I-V yang menggunakan pendekatan dua diode ataupun model satu diode. Hasil simulasi model ini juga dibandingkan dengan model yang sama, menggunakan algoritme MRFO, SFO, COA, WOA, SA, dan GA. Hasilnya menunjukkan kemiripan yang tinggi. Kurva I-V sangat dipengaruhi oleh konstanta 𝒂, 𝑹𝒔 , dan 𝑹𝒑. Konstanta 𝒂 memengaruhi kelengkungan kurva I-V, tepatnya kelengkungan pada 𝑰𝒎, 𝑽𝒎, sedangkan 𝑹𝒔 memengaruhi kelengkungan kurva I-V sebelum 𝑰𝒎, 𝑽𝒎, dan 𝑹𝒑 setelah 𝑰𝒎, 𝑽𝒎.

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Gadjeva, Elissaveta, und Marin Hristov. „Development of Temperature-Dependent SPICE Computer Models of Photovoltaic Cells“. Materials Science Forum 856 (Mai 2016): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.856.322.

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Parameterized computer models of photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules are proposed in the paper. Four-and five-parameter one-diode models, two-diode model, as well as behavioral models of the PV cell are considered. The temperature-dependence of the model parameters is taken into account. Parameter extraction approach is developed to determine the model parameters, based on nullor equivalent circuit and datasheet characteristics of the PV cells and modules. PSpice description of the developed PV model is given in the form of parameterized block. The accuracy of the computer PV models is investigated by comparison to the datasheet characteristics.

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Malathy, S., und R. Ramaprabha. „Suitability of Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverters for Partial Shaded Photovoltaic Systems“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 622 (August 2014): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.622.173.

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The efficiency of building integrated photovoltaic (PV) system is greatly affected by the partial shaded conditions. The impact of shading conditions depends not only on the level of shading but also on other factors like array size, type of configuration adopted, pattern and intensity of the shade. The influence of partial shading is much pronounced in series configuration than any other types due to the absence of cross ties. Unless protected by bypass diodes, the thermal stress across the panel increases under shaded conditions and eventually leads to the development of hot spots that can damage the shaded panel permanently. Bypass diode totally isolates the shaded panel from the rest of the of the array leaving the array underutilized. To address this issue, this paper proposes repositioning of the panels to distribute the shade uniformly all over the array. Besides, a hybrid asymmetric multilevel inverter is proposed for power conversion.

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Qais, Mohammed H., Hany M. Hasanien, Saad Alghuwainem und Adnan S. Nouh. „Coyote optimization algorithm for parameters extraction of three-diode photovoltaic models of photovoltaic modules“. Energy 187 (November 2019): 116001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116001.

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44

Tolić, Ivan, Mario Primorac und Kruno Miličević. „Measurement Uncertainty Propagation through Basic Photovoltaic Cell Models“. Energies 12, Nr. 6 (16.03.2019): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061029.

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This paper presents measurement uncertainty propagation through four basic photovoltaic cell models: One-diode model without resistances, with one resistance and with two resistances and two-diode model with two resistances. The expressions for the output current of all photovoltaic cell models is presented as a function of global irradiance G and temperature T. Next, the expressions for all fill factor parameters: short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, current and voltage at the maximum power point, depending on the global irradiance G and temperature T are derived as well. For each parameter, Monte Carlo simulations to calculate the measurement uncertainty of the parameter are performed and the results were used as input values for the calculation of measurement uncertainty of fill factor. Practical calculations are performed in laboratory for renewable energy sources located on 45°32′ N and 18°44′ E. Final fill factor calculations are compared for three different module technologies.

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Abu, Md, S. M., Shariful Islam und M. Tanvirul. „Modeling of Single Diode Solar Photovoltaic Module using Matlab“. International Journal of Computer Applications 178, Nr. 3 (15.11.2017): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2017915772.

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46

Abu, Md, und S. M. „Modeling of Double Diode Solar Photovoltaic Module using Matlab“. International Journal of Computer Applications 179, Nr. 7 (15.12.2017): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2017915883.

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Dhar, Vikram. „Optimum diode geometry in a two-dimensional photovoltaic array“. Optical Engineering 39, Nr. 8 (01.08.2000): 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1303763.

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Liu, C. T., B. E. Kane, D. C. Tsui und G. Weimann. „Far‐infrared photovoltaic effect in a Landau level diode“. Applied Physics Letters 55, Nr. 2 (10.07.1989): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102130.

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49

Ma, Jieming, Ka Lok Man, T. O. Ting, Nan Zhang, Sheng-Uei Guan und Prudence W. H. Wong. „Approximate Single-Diode Photovoltaic Model for EfficientI-VCharacteristics Estimation“. Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/230471.

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Precise photovoltaic (PV) behavior models are normally described by nonlinear analytical equations. To solve such equations, it is necessary to use iterative procedures. Aiming to make the computation easier, this paper proposes an approximate single-diode PV model that enables high-speed predictions for the electrical characteristics of commercial PV modules. Based on the experimental data, statistical analysis is conducted to validate the approximate model. Simulation results show that the calculated current-voltage (I-V) characteristics fit the measured data with high accuracy. Furthermore, compared with the existing modeling methods, the proposed model reduces the simulation time by approximately 30% in this work.

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Dhimish, Mahmoud, und Zhicong Chen. „Novel Open-Circuit Photovoltaic Bypass Diode Fault Detection Algorithm“. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 9, Nr. 6 (November 2019): 1819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2019.2940892.

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