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Hayat, Zain, Nizar Bchellaoui, Claire Deo, Rémi Métivier, Nicolas Bogliotti, Juan Xie, Malcolm Buckle und Abdel I. El Abed. „Fast Active Merging of Microdroplets in Microfluidic Chambers Driven by Photo-Isomerisation of Azobenzene Based Surfactants“. Biosensors 9, Nr. 4 (01.11.2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9040129.
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In this work, we report on the development of a newly synthesized photoactive reversible azobenzene derived surfactant polymer, which enables active and fast control of the merging of microdroplets in microfluidic chambers, driven by a pulsed UV laser optical stimulus and the well known cis-trans photo-isomerisation of azobenzene groups. We show for the first time that merging of microdroplets can be achieved optically based on a photo-isomerization process with a high spatio-temporal resolution. Our results show that the physical process lying behind the merging of microdroplets is not driven by a change in surface activity of the droplet stabilizing surfactant under UV illumination (as originally expected), and they suggest an original mechanism for the merging of droplets based on the well-known opto-mechanical motion of azobenzene molecules triggered by light irradiation.
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Hernández, José G. „Mechanochemical borylation of aryldiazonium salts; merging light and ball milling“. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (26.07.2017): 1463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.144.
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Merging of photo- and mechanochemical activation permitted studying the role of eosin Y in the borylation of aryldiazonium salts in a ball mill. Simultaneous neat grinding/irradiation of the reactants and the photocatalyst led to the formation of boronates in a molten state. On the other hand, the catalyst-free liquid-assisted grinding/irradiation reaction also led to product formation, featuring a direct photolysis pathway facilitated by substrate–solvent charge-transfer complex formation.
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Kumar, Prashant, und Ram Krishan Sharma. „On merging of resonant periodic orbits 4:3; 3:2 and 2:1 in Sun-Jupiter photo gravitational restricted three-body problem“. International Journal of Advanced Astronomy 7, Nr. 1 (11.05.2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijaa.v7i1.17346.
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We explore the merging of resonant periodic orbits in the frame work of planar circular restricted three body problem with the help of Poincaré surface of section. We have studied the effect of solar radiation pressure on 4:3, 3:2 and 2:1 periodic orbits. It is found that radiation pressure helps in merging these orbits (4:3 and 3.2 into 1:1 resonance and 2:1 into 1:1 resonance). At the time of merging these orbits become near-circular. The period and size of these orbits reduce with the increase in radiation pressure.
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Gittings, John. „Assignment Shanghai: Photographs on the Eve of Revolution. By Jack Birns, edited by Carolyn Wakeman and Ken Light. [Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. 144 pp. $34.95; £22.95. ISBN 0-520-23990-3.]“. China Quarterly 178 (Juni 2004): 527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004340294.
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The image of a desperate Shanghai on the eve of Liberation – memorably conveyed in Henri Cartier-Bresson's picture of a crowd queuing for gold outside a bank – is amplified by this fine volume of photos from Jack Birns, then on assignment for Life magazine. Many of his China negatives, which include some taken on side trips to cover the defence of Mukden and the battle of Xuzhou, were unused and lay in the TimeLife archives for half a century before being disinterred.Life, as Orville Schell notes in his foreword, was the vehicle for some of the best photo-journalism of the mid-2000s, merging “a gritty current-affairs realism with a keen eye and fine sense of composition.” Yet the picture of Kuomintang brutality, muddle and corruption was often too gritty for Life's publisher Henry R. Luce who over the years had placed Chiang Kai-shek seven times on the cover.
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Sinibaldi, Arianna, Valeria Nori, Andrea Baschieri, Francesco Fini, Antonio Arcadi und Armando Carlone. „Organocatalysis and Beyond: Activating Reactions with Two Catalytic Species“. Catalysts 9, Nr. 11 (06.11.2019): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9110928.
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Since the beginning of the millennium, organocatalysis has been gaining a predominant role in asymmetric synthesis and it is, nowadays, a foundation of catalysis. Synergistic catalysis, combining two or more different catalytic cycles acting in concert, exploits the vast knowledge acquired in organocatalysis and other fields to perform reactions that would be otherwise impossible. Merging organocatalysis with photo-, metallo- and organocatalysis itself, researchers have ingeniously devised a range of activations. This feature review, focusing on selected synergistic catalytic approaches, aims to provide a flavor of the creativity and innovation in the area, showing ground-breaking examples of organocatalysts, such as proline derivatives, hydrogen bond-mediated, Cinchona alkaloids or phosphoric acids catalysts, which work cooperatively with different catalytic partners.
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Chen, Minjun, Guido Bolognesi und Goran T. Vladisavljević. „Crosslinking Strategies for the Microfluidic Production of Microgels“. Molecules 26, Nr. 12 (20.06.2021): 3752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123752.
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This article provides a systematic review of the crosslinking strategies used to produce microgel particles in microfluidic chips. Various ionic crosslinking methods for the gelation of charged polymers are discussed, including external gelation via crosslinkers dissolved or dispersed in the oil phase; internal gelation methods using crosslinkers added to the dispersed phase in their non-active forms, such as chelating agents, photo-acid generators, sparingly soluble or slowly hydrolyzing compounds, and methods involving competitive ligand exchange; rapid mixing of polymer and crosslinking streams; and merging polymer and crosslinker droplets. Covalent crosslinking methods using enzymatic oxidation of modified biopolymers, photo-polymerization of crosslinkable monomers or polymers, and thiol-ene “click” reactions are also discussed, as well as methods based on the sol−gel transitions of stimuli responsive polymers triggered by pH or temperature change. In addition to homogeneous microgel particles, the production of structurally heterogeneous particles such as composite hydrogel particles entrapping droplet interface bilayers, core−shell particles, organoids, and Janus particles are also discussed. Microfluidics offers the ability to precisely tune the chemical composition, size, shape, surface morphology, and internal structure of microgels by bringing multiple fluid streams in contact in a highly controlled fashion using versatile channel geometries and flow configurations, and allowing for controlled crosslinking.
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Narayanan, Nripasree, und N. K. Deepak. „Praseodymium – A Competent Dopant for Luminescent Downshifting and Photocatalysis in ZnO Thin Films“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 73, Nr. 5 (24.05.2018): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2017-0430.
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AbstractHighly transparent and conducting Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films doped with Praseodymium (Pr) were deposited on glass substrates by using the spray pyrolysis method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the polycrystallinity of the deposited films with a hexagonal wurtzite structure, whereas the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis confirmed the incorporation of Pr in the films. The optical energy gap decreased by Pr doping due to the merging of the conduction band with the impurity bands formed within the forbidden gap. The room temperature photoluminescence spectra of the Pr-doped film showed enhancement of visible emission, suggesting efficient luminescent downshifting. The photocatalytic activity of the Pr-doped films is higher than that of undoped films due to the effective suppression of the rapid recombination of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs. The impurity levels formed within the forbidden gap act as efficient luminescent centers and electron traps, which lead to luminescent downshifting and enhanced photocatalytic activity.
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Murtagh, Fionn. „Hierarchical Matching and Regression with Application to Photometric Redshift Estimation“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S325 (Oktober 2016): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317001569.
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AbstractThis work emphasizes that heterogeneity, diversity, discontinuity, and discreteness in data is to be exploited in classification and regression problems. A global a priori model may not be desirable. For data analytics in cosmology, this is motivated by the variety of cosmological objects such as elliptical, spiral, active, and merging galaxies at a wide range of redshifts. Our aim is matching and similarity-based analytics that takes account of discrete relationships in the data. The information structure of the data is represented by a hierarchy or tree where the branch structure, rather than just the proximity, is important. The representation is related to p-adic number theory. The clustering or binning of the data values, related to the precision of the measurements, has a central role in this methodology. If used for regression, our approach is a method of cluster-wise regression, generalizing nearest neighbour regression. Both to exemplify this analytics approach, and to demonstrate computational benefits, we address the well-known photometric redshift or ‘photo-z’ problem, seeking to match Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectroscopic and photometric redshifts.
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Ramos, M. M., und F. Remondino. „Data fusion in Cultural Heritage – A Review“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W7 (13.08.2015): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w7-359-2015.
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Geometric documentation is one of the most important task of the Cultural Heritage (CH) conservation and management policies. 3D documentation, prior to any conservation and restoration works, is considered a basic pre-requisite for preserving, understanding, communicating and valorizing CH sites and objects (London Charter, 2009; Sevilla Principles, 2011). <br><br> 3D models have become the usual way of digitally preserving, communicating, explaining and disseminat ing cultural knowledge, as they have the capability of reproducing ancient states and behaviors. Using photo-realistic and accurate 3D models, the current conservation state can be shown and preserve for future generations. But despite the large request of 3D models in the CH field, there is no 3D documentation method which can properly satisfy all the areas with their requirements, therefore a fusion methodology (of data and sensors) is normally required and performed. The paper analyzes the fusion concept and levels as well as some merging approaches so far presented in the research community. While the paper will be necessarily incomplete due to space limitations, it will hopefully give an understanding on the actual methods of data fusion and clarify some open research issues.
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Blanco-Pons, Silvia, Berta Carrión-Ruiz, Michelle Duong, Joshua Chartrand, Stephen Fai und José Luis Lerma. „Augmented Reality Markerless Multi-Image Outdoor Tracking System for the Historical Buildings on Parliament Hill“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 16 (07.08.2019): 4268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164268.
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Augmented Reality (AR) applications have experienced extraordinary growth recently, evolving into a well-established method for the dissemination and communication of content related to cultural heritage—including education. AR applications have been used in museums and gallery exhibitions and virtual reconstructions of historic interiors. However, the circumstances of an outdoor environment can be problematic. This paper presents a methodology to develop immersive AR applications based on the recognition of outdoor buildings. To demonstrate this methodology, a case study focused on the Parliament Buildings National Historic Site in Ottawa, Canada has been conducted. The site is currently undergoing a multiyear rehabilitation program that will make access to parts of this national monument inaccessible to the public. AR experiences, including simulated photo merging of historic and present content, are proposed as one tool that can enrich the Parliament Hill visit during the rehabilitation. Outdoor AR experiences are limited by factors, such as variable lighting (and shadows) conditions, caused by changes in the environment (objects height and orientation, obstructions, occlusions), the weather, and the time of day. This paper proposes a workflow to solve some of these issues from a multi-image tracking approach.
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Kalkina, Valeriya. „Between Humour and Public Commentary: Digital Re-appropriation of the Soviet Propaganda Posters as Internet Memes“. Journal of Creative Communications 15, Nr. 2 (23.02.2020): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973258619893780.
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Over the last two decades, Russian Internet accumulated a range of images originating from the Soviet epoch, including everything from official portraits of Soviet leaders to representations of Soviet greeting cards and postage stamps. While some of those digitised items remain intact, others become a part of different creative practices inherent to online environment, such as photo manipulating, remixing, recombining and merging with elements attributing to other historical or national contexts. The current article investigates one instance of creative re-appropriation of the Soviet visual legacy on the Internet: construction of digital memes from the former Soviet propaganda posters. Upon focusing on three iconic posters, namely Did you Volunteer? (1920), Do not Talk! (1941) and Motherland is Calling! (1941), this study examines how the propaganda images have been transformed by contemporary Russian users into ‘templates’ for meme-making. Furthermore, the article identifies two particular functions of memes based on the Soviet propaganda posters: first, as a form of a peculiar humour, known in Russian tradition as stiob and, second, as an instrument for voicing of public opinion, through which users comment on urgent political and social issues. The article concludes that the remakes of Soviet propaganda images do not fall within any hitherto discovered category of humorous, political or historical memes, and therefore, they should be considered as a separate case in contemporary production of memes.
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Singh, S. P., K. Jain und V. R. Mandla. „A new approach towards image based virtual 3D city modeling by using close range photogrammetry“. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-5 (28.05.2014): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-5-329-2014.
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3D city model is a digital representation of the Earth's surface and it’s related objects such as building, tree, vegetation, and some manmade feature belonging to urban area. The demand of 3D city modeling is increasing day to day for various engineering and non-engineering applications. Generally three main image based approaches are using for virtual 3D city models generation. In first approach, researchers used Sketch based modeling, second method is Procedural grammar based modeling and third approach is Close range photogrammetry based modeling. Literature study shows that till date, there is no complete solution available to create complete 3D city model by using images. These image based methods also have limitations <br><br> This paper gives a new approach towards image based virtual 3D city modeling by using close range photogrammetry. This approach is divided into three sections. First, data acquisition process, second is 3D data processing, and third is data combination process. In data acquisition process, a multi-camera setup developed and used for video recording of an area. Image frames created from video data. Minimum required and suitable video image frame selected for 3D processing. In second section, based on close range photogrammetric principles and computer vision techniques, 3D model of area created. In third section, this 3D model exported to adding and merging of other pieces of large area. Scaling and alignment of 3D model was done. After applying the texturing and rendering on this model, a final photo-realistic textured 3D model created. This 3D model transferred into walk-through model or in movie form. Most of the processing steps are automatic. So this method is cost effective and less laborious. Accuracy of this model is good. For this research work, study area is the campus of department of civil engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. This campus acts as a prototype for city. Aerial photography is restricted in many country and high resolution satellite images are costly. In this study, proposed method is based on only simple video recording of area. Thus this proposed method is suitable for 3D city modeling. <br><br> Photo-realistic, scalable, geo-referenced virtual 3D city model is useful for various kinds of applications such as for planning in navigation, tourism, disasters management, transportations, municipality, urban and environmental managements, real-estate industry. Thus this study will provide a good roadmap for geomatics community to create photo-realistic virtual 3D city model by using close range photogrammetry.
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Hunting, Amabel, und Denise Conroy. „Spirituality, stewardship and consumption: new ways of living in a material world“. Social Responsibility Journal 14, Nr. 2 (04.06.2018): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-06-2016-0097.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how spirituality impacts on the consumption choices of consumers who are adopting a sustainable lifestyle. Design/methodology/approach This is a longitudinal study of urban-based consumers who are actively engaged in living sustainably. To effectively study these lifestyles, a multi-modal research design was used, which combined photo-elicitation, journaling, interviews and observational data. Findings Spirituality and material consumption are traditionally depicted as being in opposition, with research finding a decrease in conspicuous consumption when spirituality is enhanced. This research demonstrates sustainability-mindful consumers who are reversing this trend by enacting their deeply held ideological beliefs through their consumption choices. The merging of ideology with consumption elevates even mundane purchases to be acts of meaning and purpose. Practical implications With an unwillingness to compromise on their beliefs, there is a growing gap between these consumers’ demands and what the market is offering. The study found evidence of these consumers developing their own consumables in direct response to a lack of appropriate market alternatives. Originality/value This study demonstrates consumers for whom spirituality is at the centre of their consumption choices. Further, it provides evidence that supports Maslow’s theory of being motives (self-actualization and self-transcendence), in which people are motivated by the desire to fulfil their highest life potential. This research suggests opportunities for those businesses that are willing to meet consumers’ transcendent needs through more transparent and socially responsible practices.
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Boselli, A., M. Fossati, G. Consolandi, P. Amram, C. Ge, M. Sun, J. P. Anderson et al. „A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE)“. Astronomy & Astrophysics 620 (Dezember 2018): A164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833914.
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We observed the late-type peculiar galaxy NGC 4424 during the Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Galaxy Evolution (VESTIGE), a blind narrow-band Hα+[NII] imaging survey of the Virgo cluster carried out with MegaCam at the Canada-French-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). The presence of a ∼110 kpc (in projected distance) HI tail in the southern direction indicates that this galaxy is undergoing a ram pressure stripping event. The deep narrow-band image revealed a low surface brightness (Σ(Hα) ≃ 4 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2) ionised gas tail ∼10 kpc in length extending from the centre of the galaxy to the north-west, thus in the direction opposite to the HI tail. Chandra and XMM X-rays data do not show a compact source in the nucleus or an extended tail of hot gas, while IFU spectroscopy (MUSE) indicates that the gas is photo-ionised in the inner regions and shock-ionised in the outer parts. Medium-resolution (MUSE) and high-resolution (Fabry-Perot) IFU spectroscopy confirms that the ionised gas is kinematically decoupled from the stellar component and indicates the presence of two kinematically distinct structures in the stellar disc. The analysis of the SED of the galaxy indicates that the activity of star formation was totally quenched in the outer disc ∼250–280 Myr ago, while only reduced by ∼80% in the central regions. All this observational evidence suggests that NGC 4424 is the remnant of an unequal-mass merger that occurred ≲500 Myr ago when the galaxy was already a member of the Virgo cluster, and is now undergoing a ram pressure stripping event that has removed the gas and quenched the activity of star formation in the outer disc. The tail of ionised gas probably results from the outflow produced by a central starburst fed by the collapse of gas induced by the merging episode. This outflow is sufficiently powerful to overcome the ram pressure induced by the intracluster medium on the disc of the galaxy crossing the cluster. This analysis thus suggests that feedback can participate in the quenching process of galaxies in high-density regions.
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Rusli, Edial. „IMAJINASI KE IMAJINASI VISUAL FOTOGRAFI“. REKAM: Jurnal Fotografi, Televisi, dan Animasi 12, Nr. 2 (20.01.2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/rekam.v12i2.1426.
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AbstrakImaji visual fotografi merupakan media rekam visual yang objektif dan representatifkebenarannya dalam merekam suatu realitas. Revolusi teknologi menyebabkan perubahandari teknologi fotografi analog sebagai salah satu media yang menyatakan kebenaran ataubukti dan sebagai media yang representatif kebenarannya ke teknologi digital yang dapatmemungkinkan untuk merekayasa gambar digital melalui perangkat lunak. Teknologi digitaltelah menjadikan kebenaran dalam sebuah foto tidak lagi absolut. Akhirnya fotografi sebagaialat perekam imaji yang representatif kebenarannya semakin diragukan. Karena semakin sulituntuk membedakan foto asli atau palsu, bahkan sebuah foto asli bisa saja dikatakan sebagaihasil manipulasi. Penciptaan imajinasi visual fotografi ini dihasilkan dari suatu olah daya pikirmanusia. Dalam proses tersebut dibutuhkan suatu kreativitas dari penggabungan imaji-imajisebelumnya atau sekarang ini untuk diimajinasikan. Pemaknaan akan bergeser dari imaji visualfotografi menjadi imaji visual fotografi yang baru. Proses artistik imajinasi visual ini diciptakandengan didasarkan pada artistik yang berdasarkan imajinasi, artistik berdasarkan imajinasi danartistik didasarkan pada kombinasi antara kenyataan dan imajinasi. Penciptaan Imajinasi visualfotografi merupakan daya untuk mengonstruksi ataau menggabungkan kembali dari berbagaiimaji-imaji atau foto- secara imajinatif dan kreatif dengan persepsi yang menyertainya untukmenjadi imaji baru yang utuh, logis, dan mungkin terjadi dengan menggunakan teknik danefek fotografi. Proses mengonstruksi membutuhkan suatu kemampuan berimajinasi untukmenggabungkan dan menyatukannya untuk menjadi satu kesatuan (unity) yang utuh dalam satupermukaan gambar/imaji secara ekspresif dan imajinatif melalui proses estetis yang kreatifberdasarkan ciri personal penciptanya. Dengan demikian, hasil dari proses konstruksi tersebutsudah tidak tampak lagi imaji sebelumnya dan pemaknaannya sudah bergeser menjadi karyaimaji dengan pemaknaan baru.AbstractImage to Photography Visual Imagination. Visual image of photography is a visual recordingmedia which is objective and representative in revealing the truth when recording a reality. Thetechnology revolution led to the change in photography, from analog photographic technologyas one of the media for promoting truth or evidence and as media representing truth to thedigital technology which allow people to manipulate digital images through software. Digitaltechnology has made the truth in a photograph is no longer absolute. In the end, photographyas an images recording tool representing truth is doubted. It is getting harder and moredifficult to distinguish the original or fake photo, even an original photo can be said as aresult of manipulation.The creation of visual imagination photography is produced by thepower of human thought. The process requires a creativity of merging the previous or recentimages to imagine. The meanings will be shifted from visual image photography into a newvisual image photography. Visual imagination of the artistic process is created on the basisof artistic imagination, artistic imagination and artistic are based on a combination of realityand imagination.The creation of visual photography imagination is a power to construct orrecombine from multiple images or pictures imaginatively and creatively with the perceptionto be a whole new image, logical, and may occur with the use of techniques and photographiceffects. The process of constructing requires an ability of imagining to combine and unitethem into a single unit as a unity which is intact on s single surface of the picture/image,expressively and imaginatively through an aesthetic creative process based on the personalcharacteristics of the creator. By doing so, the construction process will no longer visible onthe former image and the meaning will shift into an image with a new meaning.
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Davis, T. A., A. Heiderman und D. Iono. „Chemical complexity and star-formation in merging galaxies“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S292 (August 2012): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313001191.
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AbstractWhen galaxies merge the resulting conditions are some of the most extreme found anywhere in nature. Large gas flows, shocks and active black holes all can affect the ISM. Nearby merging galaxies with strong starbursts are the only places where we can conduct detailed study of star formation in conditions that mimic those under which the majority of stars in the universe formed. Here we study molecular gas tracers in 8 galaxies selected from the VIRUS-P Investigation of the eXtreme ENvironments of Starbursts (VIXENS) survey. Each galaxy has also been observed using the integral field unit spectrograph VIRUS-P, allowing us to investigate the relation between the chemical state of the gas, star formation and total gas content. Full details can be found in Heiderman et al. (2011). Here we report on new results obtained from IRAM-30m/NRO-45m 3mm line surveys towards 14 positions in these 8 merging galaxies. We detect ≈ 25 different molecular transitions towards these objects, many which have never been observed in these galaxies before. Our measurements show that the mean fraction of dense gas increases in later-stage mergers (Fig. 1, left), as does the average optical depth of the gas. Molecular diagnostic diagrams (Fig. 1, right) show that molecular regions we probe are, in general, UV photon dominated. Triggered AGN activity, and/or cosmic ray ionisation (from SNe II in the starburst) are not yet energetically important in determining the state of the gas.
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Araya Vergara, José F., und Ricardo Vilaró. „The draa Cerro Medanoso (Atacama, Chile) and its importance in the study of desert“. Investigaciones Geográficas, Nr. 52 (30.12.2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-5370.2016.43247.
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This work presents a morphological analysis of the Cerro Medanoso draa (Atacama Marginal Desert) and the type of contact with the desert pavements of neighboring glacis and piedmont. This study is based on an analysis of aerial photos, and a digital elevation model. Aster GDEM was used as a basis for the survey. Fieldwork observations covered two principal zones: the nucleus and the envelope. Following fieldwork, analysis of satellite imagery was conducted. It was possible to identify the following phases of formation: construction of a stellate nucleus, merging of the eastern envelope, merging of the southern envelope and merging of a complex western envelope. The southeastern facing envelope is much bigger than the northwestern facing one. Consequently, the construction of the complex draa is asymmetric. The correlation of this megadune with similar star and compound draas to other deserts in the world indicates that the closest analogue exists in Namibia, but without merging signals between the envelope and the nucleus. Star draas observed in other deserts exhibit a lack of this envelope. With reference to the neighboring piedmont, the beginning of its deflation must be necessarily correlative to the initial construction of the nuclear twin star draa. The later deflation could be responsible for the pulses, which formed the envelope. Therefore, the neighboring desert pavement and the draa are correlative landforms, which represent a very long time formation, in an important part of the desert history, as evidenced by the cited and referenced research works.
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Rodríguez Espinosa, J. M., J. M. Mas-Hesse und R. Calvi. „Is the Bremer Deep Field reionized, at z ∼ 7?“ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, Nr. 3 (01.03.2021): 4242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab545.
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ABSTRACT We show herein that the population of star-forming galaxies in the Bremer Deep Field (BDF) has enough ionizing power to form two large ionized bubbles that could be in the process of merging into a large one with a volume of 14 000 cMpc3. The sources identified in the BDF have been completed with a set of expected low-luminosity sources at z ∼ 7. We have estimated the number of ionizing photons per second produced by the different star-forming galaxies in the BDF. This number has been compared with the number that would be required to ionize the bubbles around the two overdense regions. We have used, as reference, ionizing emissivities derived from the AMIGA (Analytic Model of Intergalactic-medium and Galaxies) cosmological evolutionary model. We find that even using the most conservative estimates, with a Lyman continuum escape fraction of 10${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, the two regions we have defined within the BDF would be reionized. Assuming more realistic estimates of the ionizing photon production efficiency, both bubbles would be in the process of merging into a large reionized bubble, such as those that through percolation completed the reionization of the Universe by z = 6. The rather small values of the escape fraction required to reionize the BDF are compatible with the low fraction of faint Ly α emitters identified in the BDF. Finally, we confirm that the low-luminosity sources represent indeed the main contributors to the BDF ionizing photon production.
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Sinicropi, Adalgisa, Elena Martin, Mikhail Ryazantsev, Jan Helbing, Julien Briand, Divya Sharma, Jérémie Léonard et al. „An artificial molecular switch that mimics the visual pigment and completes its photocycle in picoseconds“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, Nr. 46 (11.11.2008): 17642–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802376105.
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Single molecules that act as light-energy transducers (e.g., converting the energy of a photon into atomic-level mechanical motion) are examples of minimal molecular devices. Here, we focus on a molecular switch designed by merging a conformationally locked diarylidene skeleton with a retinal-like Schiff base and capable of mimicking, in solution, different aspects of the transduction of the visual pigment Rhodopsin. Complementary ab initio multiconfigurational quantum chemistry-based computations and time-resolved spectroscopy are used to follow the light-induced isomerization of the switch in methanol. The results show that, similar to rhodopsin, the isomerization occurs on a 0.3-ps time scale and is followed by <10-ps cooling and solvation. The entire (2-photon-powered) switch cycle was traced by following the evolution of its infrared spectrum. These measurements indicate that a full cycle can be completed within 20 ps.
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Wang, Longlong, Samo Stanič, William Eichinger, Xiaoquan Song und Marko Zavrtanik. „Polarization Raman Lidar for Atmospheric Monitoring in the Vipava Valley“. EPJ Web of Conferences 237 (2020): 02029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023702029.
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We report on the design, construction and performance of a polarization Raman lidar, built for atmospheric monitoring in the Vipava valley in SW Slovenia, a regional air pollution hot-spot where aerosols are expected to originate from a number of different sources. Its key features are automatized remote operation capability and indoor deployment, which provide high duty cycle in all weather conditions. System optimization and performance studies include the calibration of the depolarization ratio, merging of near-range (analog) and far-range (photon-counting) data, determination of overlap functions and validation of the retrieved observables with radiosonde data.
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Gadoury, David M., Laura M. Wakefield, Lance Cadle-Davidson, Ian B. Dry und Robert C. Seem. „Effects of Prior Vegetative Growth, Inoculum Density, Light, and Mating on Conidiation of Erysiphe necator“. Phytopathology® 102, Nr. 1 (Januar 2012): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-11-0085.
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Initiation of asexual sporulation in powdery mildews is preceded by a period of superficial vegetative growth of mildew colonies. We found evidence of a quorum-sensing signal in Erysiphe necator that was promulgated at the colony center and stimulated conidiation throughout the colony. Removal of the colony center after putative signal promulgation had no impact upon timing of sporulation by 48-h-old hyphae at the colony margin. However, removal of the colony center before signaling nearly doubled the latent period. A relationship between inoculum density and latent period was also observed, with latent period decreasing as the number of conidia deposited per square millimeter was increased. The effect was most pronounced at the lowest inoculum densities, with little decrease of the latent period as the density of inoculation increased above 10 spores/mm. Furthermore, light was shown to be necessary to initiate conidiation of sporulation-competent colonies. When plants were inoculated and maintained in a day-and-night cycle for 36 h but subjected to darkness after 36 h, colonies kept in darkness failed to sporulate for several days after plants kept in light had sporulated. Once returned to light, the dark-suppression was immediately reversed, and sporulation commenced within 12 h. Merging of colonies of compatible mating types resulted in near-cessation of sporulation, both in the region of merging and in more distant parts of the colonies. Colonies continued to expand but stopped producing new conidiophores once pairing of compatible mating types had occurred, and extant conidiophores stopped producing new conidia. Therefore, in addition to a quorum-sensing signal to initiate conidiation, there appears to be either signal repression or another signal that causes conidiation to cease once pairing has occurred and the pathogen has initiated the ascigerous stage for overwintering.
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Kumagai, Takanori, Kengo Muta, Yasuyuki Matoba, Yoshiaki Kawano, Nobuo Kamiya, Julian Davies und Masanori Sugiyama. „Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of bleomycin-binding protein from bleomycin-producing Streptomyces verticillus“. Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 54, Nr. 1 (01.01.1998): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444997008871.
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A bleomycin-binding protein (BLMA) produced by bleomycin-producing Streptomyces verticullus was crystallized in a form suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis using the vapor-diffusion method. Crystals were grown at pH 5.7, in 0.2 M NH4 actate and 0.1 M Na acetate, using 30% PEG 4000 as a precipitant. They belong to the orthorhombic system, with space group P21212, cell dimensions a = 54.90, b = 67.94, c = 35.60 Å, and one BLMA molecule in the asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract X-rays well and the diffraction intensity data was collected up to 1.5 Å resolution with a merging R value of 0.054 at beamline 6B of the Photon Factory. The diffraction data set is 94% complete.
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Cody, Will B., und Herman B. Scholthof. „Plant Virus Vectors 3.0: Transitioning into Synthetic Genomics“. Annual Review of Phytopathology 57, Nr. 1 (25.08.2019): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100301.
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Plant viruses were first implemented as heterologous gene expression vectors more than three decades ago. Since then, the methodology for their use has varied, but we propose it was the merging of technologies with virology tools, which occurred in three defined steps discussed here, that has driven viral vector applications to date. The first was the advent of molecular biology and reverse genetics, which enabled the cloning and manipulation of viral genomes to express genes of interest (vectors 1.0). The second stems from the discovery of RNA silencing and the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies that allowed the convenient and widespread use of virus-induced gene silencing (vectors 2.0). Here, we briefly review the events that led to these applications, but this treatise mainly concentrates on the emerging versatility of gene-editing tools, which has enabled the emergence of virus-delivered genetic queries for functional genomics and virology (vectors 3.0).
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Wang, Xiaorong. „Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry of π0 and η Mesons at RHIC/PHENIX“. International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 40 (Januar 2016): 1660044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516600442.
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We presented measurements of the transverse single spin asymmetries ([Formula: see text]) for neutral [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] meson at forward rapidities and central rapidity with the PHENIX detector at RHIC at 62.4 GeV and 200 GeV. At mid-rapidity, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are reconstructed from di-photon decay. At forward rapidities, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] meson are measured using di-photons decays and electromagnetic clusters due to the photon merging effects are significant for energy [Formula: see text]. The neutral-pion measurement of [Formula: see text] at mid-rapidity is consistent with zero with uncertainties a factor of 20 smaller than previous publications, which will lead to improved constraints on the gluon Sivers function. At higher rapidities, both neutral [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] exhibit sizable asymmetries. The origin of the forward [Formula: see text] is presently not understood quantitatively. We also measured [Formula: see text] meson cross section for [Formula: see text] GeV/c and [Formula: see text]. It is well described by a NLO pQCD calculation.
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Flick, Johannes, Nicholas Rivera und Prineha Narang. „Strong light-matter coupling in quantum chemistry and quantum photonics“. Nanophotonics 7, Nr. 9 (08.09.2018): 1479–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0067.
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AbstractIn this article, we review strong light-matter coupling at the interface of materials science, quantum chemistry, and quantum photonics. The control of light and heat at thermodynamic limits enables exciting new opportunities for the rapidly converging fields of polaritonic chemistry and quantum optics at the atomic scale from a theoretical and computational perspective. Our review follows remarkable experimental demonstrations that now routinely achieve the strong coupling limit of light and matter. In polaritonic chemistry, many molecules couple collectively to a single-photon mode, whereas, in the field of nanoplasmonics, strong coupling can be achieved at the single-molecule limit. Theoretical approaches to address these experiments, however, are more recent and come from a spectrum of fields merging new developments in quantum chemistry and quantum electrodynamics alike. We review these latest developments and highlight the common features between these two different limits, maintaining a focus on the theoretical tools used to analyze these two classes of systems. Finally, we present a new perspective on the need for and steps toward merging, formally and computationally, two of the most prominent and Nobel Prize-winning theories in physics and chemistry: quantum electrodynamics and electronic structure (density functional) theory. We present a case for how a fully quantum description of light and matter that treats electrons, photons, and phonons on the same quantized footing will unravel new quantum effects in cavity-controlled chemical dynamics, optomechanics, nanophotonics, and the many other fields that use electrons, photons, and phonons.
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Utari, Prahastiwi, und Tanti Hermawati. „Cyber Media Analysis: How to Read Cyber Bullying Messages Among Children“. KnE Social Sciences 2, Nr. 4 (13.06.2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v2i4.885.
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In this paper, we focused on a novel method to explain cyberbullying experience among children in the Facebook. The method is Cyber Media Analysis (CMA). It is a mixed-method of analysing the stages of text and context. The text level discusses the form of messagesrelated to cyberbullying produced and received by children. They are sentences, photos or other visual representation in the Facebook that examine cyberbullying phenomenon. To obtain cyberbullying text, we conducted a content analysis of Facebook posts by children aged 8 to 12 (N=250) in the elementary schools in Solo areas. In the context level, we conducted in-depth interviews and group discussion to find out why children produced cyberbullying messages and how they reacted when receiving cyberbullying messages. Merging these two methods gives a comprehensive explanation of cyber bullying phenomenon among children.
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Hoffmann, Nico, Florian Weidner, Peter Urban, Tobias Meyer, Christian Schnabel, Yordan Radev, Gabriele Schackert et al. „Framework for 2D-3D image fusion of infrared thermography with preoperative MRI“. Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 62, Nr. 6 (27.11.2017): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2016-0075.
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AbstractMultimodal medical image fusion combines information of one or more images in order to improve the diagnostic value. While previous applications mainly focus on merging images from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonic and single-photon emission computed tomography, we propose a novel approach for the registration and fusion of preoperative 3D MRI with intraoperative 2D infrared thermography. Image-guided neurosurgeries are based on neuronavigation systems, which further allow us track the position and orientation of arbitrary cameras. Hereby, we are able to relate the 2D coordinate system of the infrared camera with the 3D MRI coordinate system. The registered image data are now combined by calibration-based image fusion in order to map our intraoperative 2D thermographic images onto the respective brain surface recovered from preoperative MRI. In extensive accuracy measurements, we found that the proposed framework achieves a mean accuracy of 2.46 mm.
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Qi, Zhong, Teng Zhang, Ge Han, Dongcang Li, Xin Ma und Wei Gong. „A nonlinear merging method of analog and photon signals for CO2 detection in lower altitudes using differential absorption lidar“. Optics Communications 388 (April 2017): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2016.11.071.
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Kahraman, Ayşe. „YENİ MEDYADA ÇAĞINDA AKILLI TELEFONLARDA FOTOĞRAF“. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 15, Nr. 4 (31.10.2020): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2020.15.4.d0263.
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With combining new media and technology, there has emerged a different field. So, it has been made hard to determine the definition and scope of the new media. Constant change and development of technological opportunities also affect communication processes. Besides, the origin of the new media is computer-based; it has become desktop publishing programs, smart tablets, and manipulations on photos. The merging of photography and new media art has become one of the most popular areas via technology and the internet. This article gives information about the formation, development, and technologies of photography in smartphones in the new media age. The study aims to provide information about what is photography, photography as a form of art, the art of new media, technological migration from the camera to the mobile phone, photographs on smartphones from new media tools, advances in science and technology, and how photography is continuously increasing. It is thought that the study may contribute to the field literature to be under a single roof.
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Wang, Longlong, Samo Stanič, William Eichinger, Xiaoquan Song und Marko Zavrtanik. „Development of an Automatic Polarization Raman LiDAR for Aerosol Monitoring over Complex Terrain“. Sensors 19, Nr. 14 (19.07.2019): 3186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143186.
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High temporal and spatial resolution profiling of aerosol properties is required to study air pollution sources, aerosol transport, and features of atmospheric structures over complex terrain. A polarization Raman LiDAR with remote operation capability was developed for this purpose and deployed in the Vipava Valley, Slovenia, a location in the Alpine region where high concentrations of aerosols originating from a number of different local and remote sources were found. The system employs two high-power Nd:YAG pulsed lasers at 355 nm and 1064 nm as transmitters and provides the capability to extract the extinction coefficient, backscatter coefficients, depolarization ratio, Ångström exponent, and LiDAR ratio profiles. Automatized remote operation in an indoor environment provides a high duty cycle in all weather conditions. In addition to the detailed description of the device, an assessment of its potential and the retrieval uncertainties of the measured quantities is discussed. System optimization and performance studies include calibration of the depolarization ratio, merging of near-range (analog) and far-range (photon counting) data, determination of overlap functions, and validation of the retrieved observables with radiosonde data. Two cases for assessing LiDAR performance under specific weather conditions (during rain and in the presence of mineral dust) are also presented.
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Jiménez-Díaz, Edgar, Mariel Cano-Jorge, Diego Zamarrón-Hernández, Lucia Cabriales, Francisco Páez-Larios, Aarón Cruz-Ramírez, Genaro Vázquez-Victorio, Tatiana Fiordelisio und Mathieu Hautefeuille. „Micro–Macro: Selective Integration of Microfeatures Inside Low-Cost Macromolds for PDMS Microfluidics Fabrication“. Micromachines 10, Nr. 9 (30.08.2019): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10090576.
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Microfluidics has become a very promising technology in recent years, due to its great potential to revolutionize life-science solutions. Generic microfabrication processes have been progressively made available to academic laboratories thanks to cost-effective soft-lithography techniques and enabled important progress in applications like lab-on-chip platforms using rapid- prototyping. However, micron-sized features are required in most designs, especially in biomimetic cell culture platforms, imposing elevated costs of production associated with lithography and limiting the use of such devices. In most cases, however, only a small portion of the structures require high-resolution and cost may be decreased. In this work, we present a replica-molding method separating the fabrication steps of low (macro) and high (micro) resolutions and then merging the two scales in a single chip. The method consists of fabricating the largest possible area in inexpensive macromolds using simple techniques such as plastics micromilling, laser microfabrication, or even by shrinking printed polystyrene sheets. The microfeatures were made on a separated mold or onto existing macromolds using photolithography or 2-photon lithography. By limiting the expensive area to the essential, the time and cost of fabrication can be reduced. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chips were successfully fabricated from the constructed molds and tested to validate our micro–macro method.
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Sullivan, Daniel C. „Challenges and Opportunities for In Vivo Imaging in Oncology“. Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 1, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2002): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460200100602.
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Advances in genomics, proteomics and technology are changing medicine in fundamental ways. There are increasing clinical and laboratory requirements to obtain cellular and molecular information in vivo. This is particularly true in oncology, where the behavior of tumor cells is inextricably linked to their milieu. If cancer cells are removed from their microenvironment, their pattern of gene expression changes. Therefore, non-invasive, quantitative means of detecting gene and protein activity are essential. In vivo imaging is one methodology for achieving this. Marked advances in tracer methods for PET scanning or single-photon nuclear medicine techniques have occurred in the past few years. MRI contrast agents that reflect physiologic information are also being developed, although larger mass quantities of injectable material are required. The useful concept of “activatable agents” was pioneered in MRI. Similarly, ultrasound and computed tomography are being re-engineered to reflect information at the cellular level. In vivo optical imaging technologies have matured to the point where they are indispensable laboratory tools for small animal imaging. Human applications are in the feasibility testing stage, and the future for clinical optical imaging techniques looks bright. Merging these molecular imaging techniques with minimally or non-invasive image-guided therapeutic delivery techniques is a subsequent goal in the fight against cancer.
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Nuzzolese, Emilio. „VIRDENTOPSY: Virtual Dental Autopsy and Remote Forensic Odontology Evaluation“. Dentistry Journal 9, Nr. 9 (05.09.2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9090102.
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The identification of human remains relies on the comparison of post-mortem data, collected during the autopsy, with the ante-mortem data gathered from the missing persons’ reports. DNA, fingerprints, and dental data are considered primary identifiers and are usually collected during any human identification process. Post-mortem dental data should be collected and analyzed by forensic odontologists, as a dental autopsy must not be confused with a dental examination. The virdentopsy project was inaugurated in 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, to allow the correct process of human remains by collecting dental data from teeth and jaws, which was then transmitted to forensic odontologists remotely for an expert opinion to achieve a generic profile of the unidentified human remains. The post-mortem dental biography is paramount to narrow the search for compatible missing persons but requires knowledge and experience of forensic odontologists. The virdentopsy process uses radiographic imaging (periapical X-rays, CT scans, panoramics), 2D/3D photos and video recording, photogrammetry documentation, 3D scanning, and live streaming where possible. This registered term was created by merging the terms “virtual” and “dental autopsy” but with no commercial benefits. The proposed process combines research topics under the field of the human rights of the dead and humanitarian forensic odontology services. It should enhance and accelerate the human identification process of the deceased, age estimation of the living, analysis of panoramic X-ray images, and be an educational tool for remote live training in forensic odontology and anatomy of skulls. This paper presents an overview of the virdentopsy process in the field of forensic odontology as a remote consultation as well as an educational tool for undergraduates and postgraduates.
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Suchomel, Matthew, Gregory Halder und Lynn Ribaud. „Synchrotron powder diffraction simplified; management of an APS mail-in program“. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (05.08.2014): C789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314092109.
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Synchrotrons have revolutionized powder diffraction. They enable rapid collection of data with tremendous angular resolution and exceptional statistics. High resolution powder diffraction beamlines employing multiple single crystal analyzer detectors routinely reveal subtle crystallographic distortions undetectable on other powder instruments, and are an important tool at most modern synchrotrons for structural studies of a diverse range of materials. Beamline 11-BM at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) is a dedicated high resolution (ΔQ/Q ~2×10-4) powder diffraction instrument which uses vertical and horizontal beam focusing capabilities and a counting system consisting of twelve perfect crystal analyzers paired with scintillator detectors. This APS beamline supports both traditional on-site experiments and a highly successfully rapid access mail-in program mode. This mail-in program has greatly simplified access for a growing user community (> 250 in 2013) to world-class synchrotron quality powder data for their research and resulting publications (> 100 11-BM citations in 2013). The presentation will provide an overview of 11-BM's unique mail-in program. It will be presented both from the view of an external remote user, and will also highlight the numerous alignment, calibration, correction and merging software routines needed to efficiently and accurately reduce the numerous multi-bank detector datasets associated with a high throughput user program. An integrated web interface has been developed to serve as a user-friendly relational database interface for tracking of samples and datasets throughout all stages of the measurements; from the initial user request to sample disposal. The database and software tools critical for this high-throughput synchrotron powder diffraction program will be discussed in detail. More information about the 11-BM and its mail-in program can be found on the beamline webpage: http://11bm.xray.aps.anl.gov
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Duran, Denis, Sebastien Le Couster, Gavin Fox, Roger Fourme, Rob Meijers, Jean-Pierre Samama, Martin Savko und William Shepard. „PROXIMA 2A: A New Micro-focus Beamline for Macromolecular Crystallography“. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (05.08.2014): C1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314083272.
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PROXIMA 2A is a new micro-focus and energy tunable beamline dedicated to biological macromolecular crystallography at Synchrotron SOLEIL. The beamline officially opened in March 2013, and its first year of user operation has yielded excellent results. The X-ray source is a powerful in-vacuum U24 undulator coupled to a cryo-cooled Si[111] channel-cut monochromator and a pair of focussing bimorph mirrors in Kirpatrick-Baez configuration. This combination delivers a photon flux of over 10**12 ph/s into a focal spot of 10 μm × 5 μm (H×V FWHM), which is tunable over 6 – 15 keV. The supports of the optical elements have been designed to minimise the effects of vibrations and thermal dilations on the X-ray beam position, which is stable to within 5 microns over a day. The experimental station consists of a high performance micro-diffractometer, a cryostream, an area detector (ADSC Q315r), and an X-ray fluorescence detector. The X-ray energies for MAD experiments are directly calibrated on the sample. A robot equipped with a large 9 uni-puck dewar (CATS Irelec) is available to users for the automated transfer and screening of cryo-cooled samples. The users launch their experiments via an MXCuBE interface [1], which permits the centering of the sample, collecting of diffraction images, recording of X-ray spectra and the transfer of samples. The X-ray diffraction data are of an excellent quality, and the users readily exploit the micro-focused X-rays to select the best zones of their crystals. The first year of results from users has yielded a variety of success stories including novel protein structures resolved from crystals as small as 5 microns, as well as those solved by SAD & MAD methods. The future perspectives include automated helical and grid scans, in situ plate screening and multi-crystal merging techniques.
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Huang, Meng-Yuan, Shau-Lian Wong und Jen-Hsien Weng. „Rapid Light-Response Curve of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Terrestrial Plants: Relationship to CO2 Exchange among Five Woody and Four Fern Species Adapted to Different Light and Water Regimes“. Plants 10, Nr. 3 (26.02.2021): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030445.
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The rapid light response of electron transport rate (ETRR), obtained from chlorophyll fluorescence parameters by short illumination periods (10–30 s) at each light level, can provide a rapid and easy measurement of photosynthetic light response in plants. However, the relationship between ETRR and the steady-state light response of CO2 exchange rate (AS) of terrestrial plants has not been studied in detail. In this study, we compared the ETRR and AS for five woody and four fern species with different light and/or water adaptations. Under well-watered conditions, a constant temperature (25 °C) and with stomatal conductance (gs) not being a main limiting factor for photosynthesis, ETRR and AS were closely related, even when merging data for regression analysis for a species grown under different light conditions and measured under different light intensity and air humidity. However, when Alnus formosana was treated with low soil water and air humidity, because of the decrease in AS mainly due to stomatal closure, the ETRR–AS relation was not so close. In addition, at both 100 and 2000 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), ETRR and AS were significantly correlated within a plant group (i.e., woody plants and ferns) regardless of the broad difference in AS due to different species or environmental factors. The results indicate that the relationship between the ETRR and AS is varied by species. We concluded that 1) ETRR could reflect the variation in AS at each irradiance level within a species under well-watered conditions and 2) ETRR at 100 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD (as the efficiency of light capture) or 2000 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD (as a maximum photosynthetic parameter) could be used to compare the photosynthetic capacity within a plant group, such as woody plants and ferns.
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Di Giuseppe, F., und A. M. Tompkins. „Impact of Cloud Cover on Solar Radiative Biases in Deep Convective Regimes“. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, Nr. 6 (01.06.2005): 1989–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3442.1.
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Abstract Conflicting claims have been made concerning the magnitude of the bias in solar radiative transfer calculations when horizontal photon transport is neglected for deep convective scenarios. The difficulty of obtaining a realistic set of cloud scenes for situations of complex cloud geometry, while certain characteristics such as total cloud cover are systematically controlled, has hindered the attempt to reach a consensus. Here, a simple alternative approach is adopted. An ensemble of cloud scenes generated by a cloud resolving model are modified by an idealized function that progressively alters the cirrus anvil coverage without affecting the realism of the scene produced. Comparing three-dimensional radiative calculations with the independent column approximation for all cloud scenes, it is found that the bias in scene albedo can reach as much as 22% when the sun is overhead and 46% at low sun angles. The bias is an asymmetrical function of cloud cover with a maximum attained at cirrus anvil cloud cover of approximately 30%–40%. With a cloud cover of 15%, the bias is half its maximum value, while it is limited for coverage exceeding 80%. The position of the peak occurs at the cloud cover coinciding with the maximum number of independent clouds present in the scene. Increasing the cloud cover past this point produces a decrease in the number of isolated clouds because of cloud merging, with a consequential bias reduction. With this systematic documentation of the biases as a function of total cloud cover, it is possible to identify two contributions to the total error: the geometrical consequences of the effective cloud cover increase at low sun angles and the true 3D scattering effect of photons deviating from the original path direction. An attempt to account for the former geometrical contribution to the 1D bias is made by performing a simple correction technique, whereby the field is sheared by the tangent of the solar zenith angle. It is found that this greatly reduces the 1D biases at low sun angles. Because of the small aspect ratio of the cirrus cloud deck, the remaining bias contribution is small in magnitude and almost independent of solar zenith angle.
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Veazey, Sena, Maria SerioMelvin, David E. Luellen, Angela Samosorn, Alexandria Helms, Allison McGlasson, Craig Fenrich, Patricia Colston und Jose Salinas. „41 Enhancing Burn Medical Care During a Disaster Using a Novel Augmented-Reality Application“. Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, Supplement_1 (01.04.2021): S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab032.045.
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Abstract Introduction In disaster or mass casualty situations, access to remote burn care experts, communication, or resources may be limited. Furthermore, burn injuries are complex and require substantial training and knowledge beyond basic clinical care. Development and use of decision support (DS) technologies may provide a solution for addressing this need. Devices capable of delivering burn management recommendations can enhance the provider’s ability to make decisions and perform interventions in complex care settings. When coupled with merging augmented reality (AR) technologies these tools may provide additional capabilities to enhance medical decision-making, visualization, and workflow when managing burns. For this project, we developed a novel AR-based application with enhanced integrated clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to manage large burn injuries for use in different environments, such as disasters. Methods We identified an AR system that met our requirements to include portability, infrared camera, gesture and voice control, hands-free control, head-mounted display, and customized application development abilities. Our goal was to adapt burn CPGs to make use of AR concepts as part of an AR-enabled burn clinical decision support system supporting four sub-applications to assist users with specific interventional tasks relevant to burn care. We integrated relevant CPGs and a media library with photos and videos as additional references. Results We successfully developed a clinical decision support tool that integrates burn CPGs with enhanced capabilities utilizing AR technology. The main interface allows input of patient demographics and injuries with step-by-step guidelines that follow typical burn management care and workflow. There are four sub-applications to assist with these tasks, which include: 1) semi-automated burn wound mapping to calculate total body surface area; 2) hourly burn fluid titration and recommendations for resuscitation; 3) medication calculator for accurate dosing in preparation for procedures and 4) escharotomy instructor with holographic overlays. Conclusions We developed a novel AR-based clinical decision support tool for management of burn injuries. Development included adaptation of CPGs into a format to guide the user through burn management using AR concepts. The application will be tested in a prospective research study to determine the effectiveness, timeliness, and performance of subjects using this AR-software compared to standard of care. We fully expect that the tool will reduce cognitive workload and errors, ensuring safety and proper adherence to guidelines.
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Wani, Nazar Ul Islam. „Pilgrimage in Islam: Traditional and Modern Practices“. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35, Nr. 4 (29.10.2018): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v35i4.474.
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Pilgrimage in Islam is a religious act wherein Muslims leave their homes and spaces and travel to another place, the nature, geography, and dispositions of which they are unfamiliar. They carry their luggage and belongings and leave their own spaces to receive the blessings of the dead, commemorate past events and places, and venerate the elect. In Pilgrimage in Islam, Sophia Rose Arjana writes that “intimacy with Allah is achievable in certain spaces, which is an important story of Islamic pilgrimage”. The devotional life unfolds in a spatial idiom. The introductory part of the book reflects on how pilgrimage in Islam is far more complex than the annual pilgrimage (ḥajj), which is one of the basic rites and obligations of Islam beside the formal profession of faith (kalima); prayers (ṣalāt); fasting (ṣawm); and almsgiving (zakāt). More pilgrims throng to Karbala, Iraq, on the Arbaeen pilgrimage than to Mecca on the Hajj, for example, but the former has received far less academic attention. The author expands her analytic scope to consider sites like Konya, Samarkand, Fez, and Bosnia, where Muslims travel to visit countless holy sites (mazarāt), graves, tombs, complexes, mosques, shrines, mountaintops, springs, and gardens to receive the blessings (baraka) of saints buried there. She reflects on broader methodological and theoretical questions—how do we define religion?—through the diversity of Islamic traditions about pilgrimage. Arjana writes that in pilgrimage—something which creates spaces and dispositions—Muslim journeys cross sectarian boundaries, incorporate non-Muslim rituals, and involve numerous communities, languages, and traditions (the merging of Shia, Sunni, and Sufi categories) even to “engende[r] a syncretic tradition”. This approach stands against the simplistic scholarship on “pilgrimage in Islam”, which recourses back to the story of the Hajj. Instead, Arjana borrows a notion of ‘replacement hajjs’ from the German orientalist Annemarie Schimmel, to argue that ziyārat is neither a sectarian practice nor antithetical to Hajj. In the first chapter, Arjana presents “pilgrimage in Islam” as an open, demonstrative and communicative category. The extensive nature of the ‘pilgrimage’ genre is presented through documenting spaces and sites, geographies, and imaginations, and is visualized through architectural designs and structures related to ziyārat, like those named qubba, mazār (shrine), qabr (tomb), darih (cenotaph), mashhad (site of martyrdom), and maqām (place of a holy person). In the second chapter, the author continues the theme of visiting sacred pilgrimage sites like “nascent Jerusalem”, Mecca, and Medina. Jerusalem offers dozens of cases of the ‘veneration of the dead’ (historically and archaeologically) which, according to Arjana, characterizes much of Islamic pilgrimage. The third chapter explains rituals, beliefs, and miracles associated with the venerated bodies of the dead, including Karbala (commemorating the death of Hussein in 680 CE), ‘Alawi pilgrimage, and pilgrimage to Hadrat Khidr, which blur sectarian lines of affiliation. Such Islamic pilgrimage is marked by inclusiveness and cohabitation. The fourth chapter engages dreams, miracles, magical occurrences, folk stories, and experiences of clairvoyance (firāsat) and the blessings attached to a particular saint or walī (“friend of God”). This makes the theme of pilgrimage “fluid, dynamic and multi-dimensional,” as shown in Javanese (Indonesian) pilgrimage where tradition is associated with Islam but involves Hindu, Buddhist and animistic elements. This chapter cites numerous sites that offer fluid spaces for the expression of different identities, the practice of distinct rituals, and cohabitation of different religious communities through the idea of “shared pilgrimage”. The fifth and final chapter shows how technologies and economies inflect pilgrimage. Arjana discusses the commodification of “religious personalities, traditions and places” and the mass production of transnational pilgrimage souvenirs, in order to focus on the changing nature of Islamic pilgrimage in the modern world through “capitalism, mobility and tech nology”. The massive changes wrought by technological developments are evident even from the profusion of representations of Hajj, as through pilgrims’ photos, blogs, and other efforts at self documentation. The symbolic representation of the dead through souvenirs makes the theme of pilgrimage more complex. Interestingly, she then notes how “virtual pilgrimage” or “cyber-pilgrimage” forms a part of Islamic pilgrimage in our times, amplifying how pilgrimage itself is a wide range of “active, ongoing, dynamic rituals, traditions and performances that involve material religions and imaginative formations and spaces.” Analyzing religious texts alone will not yield an adequate picture of pilgrimage in Islam, Arjana concludes. Rather one must consider texts alongside beliefs, rituals, bodies, objects, relationships, maps, personalities, and emotions. The book takes no normative position on whether the ziyāratvisitation is in fact a bid‘ah (heretical innovation), as certain Muslim orthodoxies have argued. The author invokes Shahab Ahmad’s account of how aspects of Muslim culture and history are seen as lying outside Islam, even though “not everything Muslims do is Islam, but every Muslim expression of meaning must be constituting in Islam in some way”. The book is a solid contribution to the field of pilgrimage and Islamic studies, and the author’s own travels and visits to the pilgrimage sites make it a practicalcontribution to religious studies.
Nazar Ul Islam Wani, PhDAssistant Professor, Department of Higher EducationJammu and Kashmir, India
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Wani, Nazar Ul Islam. „Pilgrimage in Islam: Traditional and Modern Practices“. American Journal of Islam and Society 35, Nr. 4 (29.10.2018): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v35i4.474.
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Pilgrimage in Islam is a religious act wherein Muslims leave their homes and spaces and travel to another place, the nature, geography, and dispositions of which they are unfamiliar. They carry their luggage and belongings and leave their own spaces to receive the blessings of the dead, commemorate past events and places, and venerate the elect. In Pilgrimage in Islam, Sophia Rose Arjana writes that “intimacy with Allah is achievable in certain spaces, which is an important story of Islamic pilgrimage”. The devotional life unfolds in a spatial idiom. The introductory part of the book reflects on how pilgrimage in Islam is far more complex than the annual pilgrimage (ḥajj), which is one of the basic rites and obligations of Islam beside the formal profession of faith (kalima); prayers (ṣalāt); fasting (ṣawm); and almsgiving (zakāt). More pilgrims throng to Karbala, Iraq, on the Arbaeen pilgrimage than to Mecca on the Hajj, for example, but the former has received far less academic attention. The author expands her analytic scope to consider sites like Konya, Samarkand, Fez, and Bosnia, where Muslims travel to visit countless holy sites (mazarāt), graves, tombs, complexes, mosques, shrines, mountaintops, springs, and gardens to receive the blessings (baraka) of saints buried there. She reflects on broader methodological and theoretical questions—how do we define religion?—through the diversity of Islamic traditions about pilgrimage. Arjana writes that in pilgrimage—something which creates spaces and dispositions—Muslim journeys cross sectarian boundaries, incorporate non-Muslim rituals, and involve numerous communities, languages, and traditions (the merging of Shia, Sunni, and Sufi categories) even to “engende[r] a syncretic tradition”. This approach stands against the simplistic scholarship on “pilgrimage in Islam”, which recourses back to the story of the Hajj. Instead, Arjana borrows a notion of ‘replacement hajjs’ from the German orientalist Annemarie Schimmel, to argue that ziyārat is neither a sectarian practice nor antithetical to Hajj. In the first chapter, Arjana presents “pilgrimage in Islam” as an open, demonstrative and communicative category. The extensive nature of the ‘pilgrimage’ genre is presented through documenting spaces and sites, geographies, and imaginations, and is visualized through architectural designs and structures related to ziyārat, like those named qubba, mazār (shrine), qabr (tomb), darih (cenotaph), mashhad (site of martyrdom), and maqām (place of a holy person). In the second chapter, the author continues the theme of visiting sacred pilgrimage sites like “nascent Jerusalem”, Mecca, and Medina. Jerusalem offers dozens of cases of the ‘veneration of the dead’ (historically and archaeologically) which, according to Arjana, characterizes much of Islamic pilgrimage. The third chapter explains rituals, beliefs, and miracles associated with the venerated bodies of the dead, including Karbala (commemorating the death of Hussein in 680 CE), ‘Alawi pilgrimage, and pilgrimage to Hadrat Khidr, which blur sectarian lines of affiliation. Such Islamic pilgrimage is marked by inclusiveness and cohabitation. The fourth chapter engages dreams, miracles, magical occurrences, folk stories, and experiences of clairvoyance (firāsat) and the blessings attached to a particular saint or walī (“friend of God”). This makes the theme of pilgrimage “fluid, dynamic and multi-dimensional,” as shown in Javanese (Indonesian) pilgrimage where tradition is associated with Islam but involves Hindu, Buddhist and animistic elements. This chapter cites numerous sites that offer fluid spaces for the expression of different identities, the practice of distinct rituals, and cohabitation of different religious communities through the idea of “shared pilgrimage”. The fifth and final chapter shows how technologies and economies inflect pilgrimage. Arjana discusses the commodification of “religious personalities, traditions and places” and the mass production of transnational pilgrimage souvenirs, in order to focus on the changing nature of Islamic pilgrimage in the modern world through “capitalism, mobility and tech nology”. The massive changes wrought by technological developments are evident even from the profusion of representations of Hajj, as through pilgrims’ photos, blogs, and other efforts at self documentation. The symbolic representation of the dead through souvenirs makes the theme of pilgrimage more complex. Interestingly, she then notes how “virtual pilgrimage” or “cyber-pilgrimage” forms a part of Islamic pilgrimage in our times, amplifying how pilgrimage itself is a wide range of “active, ongoing, dynamic rituals, traditions and performances that involve material religions and imaginative formations and spaces.” Analyzing religious texts alone will not yield an adequate picture of pilgrimage in Islam, Arjana concludes. Rather one must consider texts alongside beliefs, rituals, bodies, objects, relationships, maps, personalities, and emotions. The book takes no normative position on whether the ziyāratvisitation is in fact a bid‘ah (heretical innovation), as certain Muslim orthodoxies have argued. The author invokes Shahab Ahmad’s account of how aspects of Muslim culture and history are seen as lying outside Islam, even though “not everything Muslims do is Islam, but every Muslim expression of meaning must be constituting in Islam in some way”. The book is a solid contribution to the field of pilgrimage and Islamic studies, and the author’s own travels and visits to the pilgrimage sites make it a practicalcontribution to religious studies.
Nazar Ul Islam Wani, PhDAssistant Professor, Department of Higher EducationJammu and Kashmir, India
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Buchok, Lianna. „V. Telychko’s “Children’s Album” as an example of the modern tonal image of the world: peculiarities of the musical vocabulary and melodic ideas.“ Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 49, Nr. 49 (15.09.2018): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-49.05.
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Background. The beginning of the development of musical art in Transcarpathia dates back to the end of the nineteenth century and lasts during the first third of the twentieth century. First of all, it was an interest in the genre of choral music (a synthetic genre based on the merging of the Word and Music), which fully corresponded to the enlightened spirit of life of the Transcarpathians under the political conditions of that time. And only in the second half of the twentieth century intensive blossoming of the varieties of instrumental (kind of «pure») music with its conceptually most complex types of creative thinking and adaptation to the methods of style transformation takes place. The piano music, one of the most abstract forms of the creative process, has revealed its peculiarities in this process. However, the researchers virtually never paid attention to piano pieces for children, which are naturally inferior by their practically necessary and didactically appropriate visual simplicity of musical vocabulary to the works of the so-called large genre. In addition, historically, the creative work of Transcarpathian composers has been considered only as a product of a purely regional significance. Therefore, it is important that the piano works of Transcarpathian composers for children should also be considered in the context of such integrity as the Intentional period of the music history, which has been defined as non-classical and at the same time permeated with the idea of global cultural synthesis Objectives. The essence of the tasks and the purpose is to present the "Child Album" by V. Telychko (the first in Transcarpathia sample of the genre of children’s musical album, 2016) as an example of the creation of the modern intonational image of the world - in its associative diversity and intentionality. Methods. A selection of research methods, namely, analytical (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematization, classification and generalization), comparative, systemic, phenomenological, functional, has been used in view of the holistic approach – in the spirit of spiritual development of the world. In this regard, the interpretive potential of the concepts of the intonational model and the modal nature of musical themes as types of thinking by sound images is considered methodologically appropriate: both purposefully focus attention of the recipient on the sound «body» and the intonational "soul" of the musical matter in the integrity of the creative idea of the work, and also is didactically productive in terms of comprehension of the architectonics of the world of music as a world of musical ideas. Results. V. Telichko’s "Children’s Album" is a cyclic structure of the linear/plot type, where step-by-step compositional and dramaturgical organization of the whole ensures the principle of successive naming of new, but equal in figurative semantic content pieces. At the same time, it will be superfluous to reflect on the fact that the structure of cycles such as "album" is rarely evaluated as such that it is actually "filled in" (for example, with memorable photos or pictures), and only since then its "white" (from alba) of the blank/empty sheets is filled in with the semantics and the logic of placement of fixed events, phenomena, impressions, etc in a certain order. Against the background of such reflection the memory recalls such "albums" of romantics: all of them are based on the logic of the course of a day lived by a child (for example, P. I. Tchaikovsky). V. Telichko’s principle of collecting pieces "into the album" has such a life-justifiable logic – the gradual flow of events of the day, embodied in a child’s only perception of the world and itself. The semantic code of the composer’s plan is referenced in his dedication: "I devote my love to grandchildren Angelina and Anna" - expressing love for grandchildren, admiring their fantasy and energy, caring for the formation of their worldview on a certain system of values (family, native land, diversity of traditions of the countries of the world , historical memory): the pieces "Morning", "My Mother", "Our Grandmother" represent an idea of an ingenuous and happy feeling of a child in the family; "Anna’s Teddy-Bear", "Angelina’s Hobbyhorse" and "Angelina’s Waltz " represent a lively imagination of children, each of them having a favorite game "theme"; the plays "About Transcarpathia", "Kolomyika", "Tropotyanka", "Long road" and "It’s raining" are outlined by the situation of instructive stories of grandfather about the regionally formed traditions of the Transcarpathians, their spirit and uneasy destiny; while the pieces "On Scotland", "On Slovakia" and "On Japan" outline the interests of somewhat different cognitive significance - the intention to comprehend a certain national "otherness", which has its own color of its culture; in the end, "A Lullaby for Anna" creates, so to say, a backlash against the grand finale-prologue, consisting of the pieces "On Austria" (the cultural center of the European musical classicism) and "On Romania" (regionally closest to Transcarpathia country). Another signifying circumstance of the idea and plan of the cycle refers to the types of performances and personification of images, both as members of the family circle and as a certain social unity: in addition to the versions of solo performance, in a considerable number of plays there is ensemble performance in four and six hands; at the same time, each of the parts is composed as a certain texture layer, which in aggregate (duo, terzetto) gives the effect of an "orchestral" score. However, the most important thing is that for the instrumentalist performer, and for the listener or analyst (who is also a "listener"), the "Children’s Album" by V. Telichko is a test of the ability to perceive musical vocabulary in the form of a certain sound form/idea with which it is necessary to have a relationship according to the algorithm of personal identification. On the one hand, in the musical text there is an opportunity to recognize the classical models of musical vocabulary (cantilena, recitation, motility, general forms of motion, signaling, sound illustration); and on the other - due to the constructive interference of the classical techniques of the creation of musical matter (emancipated dissonance, the non-systemic character of the tonality, etc.) the meanings are accumulated. Another important component of the composer’s plan is to introduce a purely methodical (level of methodical reception) task of developing the technology of the game on the piano into the original sound form/idea, which first of all requires a skillful usage of all the fingers. Conclusions. As a research material the "Children’s Album" by a contemporary composer from Transcarpathia, V. Telichko provides several important and mutually perceptible scientific tasks directly related to musicology and pedagogical practice: testing of the theoretically updated analytical apparatus for tracking the intonational field of music and its thoughts and comprehension of the didactically expedient implementation of its results in the educational sphere; in particular, in terms of the prospective guideline for the development of musicality (a high measure of the ability to self-identification with the musical image) and the piano skills of a child musician.
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„Minisci Reaction with Organotrifluoroborates: Merging Photo- and Electrochemistry“. Synfacts 2019, Nr. 05 (15.04.2019): 0488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1612510.
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Östman, Sari. „Elämäjulkaiseminen – omaelämäkerrallisten traditioiden kuopus“. Elore 15, Nr. 2 (01.12.2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.30666/elore.78744.
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The article concerns life publishing. The new concept includes practices and activities used for publishing details and stories about personal selves and lives on the internet. Such practices include blogging, photo gallery or video publishing and acting on social networking sites. The author examines Finnish writing and video bloggers, gallerists and ‘facebookers’, as well as e-mail interviews with bloggers. The contents are observed and analyzed through the lens of multidisciplinary digital culture. The forms and especially the motives of life publishing are studied as theoretically separate, yet merging and interlacing in practice. Written blogs are ‘flavored’ with photos and video clips, video and photo publications are explained in words – and Facebook as a hybrid platform merges all possible forms of hypertext. Similarly, the motives – self reflection, narrative performance and play – can be seen as separate issues, but in most life publications they overlap and bind together. Often they are even impossible to tell from each other. In this article, a field is shaped onto which these aspects are placed. They form a new autobiographical practice that draws from traditions but creates a new sphere.
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„Secure the Data by using Image Compression in Multi-Cloud Storage“. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, Nr. 1S2 (31.12.2019): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a1013.1291s219.
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Cloud storage providers are in ability for trust the data available and accessible that makes physical condition to be secure and running. Organizations bargain storage capacity from the providers to store user data, business, or request data. Clients desires to furnish their data to public cloud servers (PCSs). Recently got security troubles take to solve and aid more client’s improvement their records in multi-cloud Storage. The customers allow saving information in the cloud the use of services supplied by using more than one cloud storage companies (CSPs). It is a hopeful method to enlarge the degree of records availability and confidentiality, as all at once these distinctive CSPs are out of provider at the identical time or collude with each other to extract records of a user. This suggest a survey on the viable protection merits by means of creating use of multiple wonderful clouds at the identical time. In addition, this advice work as merging and splitting standards at some point of storage in cloud environment. In file access, personal keys produced the use of digital key generator. 3DES encryption algorithm generates key in a cipher text format to the users. Towards facts confidentiality, this advocate an assured facts hiding and spitting picture technique in cloud storage. In propose work, essential purpose will be photo compression with mutable statistics hiding approach whilst storing in the real cloud for data hiding & photo compression via the use of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) algorithm.
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Visconti, P., K. M. Jones, M. A. Reshchikov, R. Cingolani, H. Morkoç, R. J. Molnar und D. J. Smith. „Defect investigation of GaN thin films etched by photo-electrochemical and hot wet etching by atomic force and transmission electron microscopy“. MRS Proceedings 680 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-680-e5.8.
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ABSTRACTThe availability of reliable and quick methods to investigate defects in GaN films is of great interest. Photo-electrochemical (PEC), and hot wet etching using both H3PO4 acid and molten KOH have been used to study structural defects in GaN layers grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy and molecular beam epitaxy. The purpose of this work is to determine whether, and under what conditions, these different methods of investigation are consistent and to get to a more accurate estimation of the defect density. As-grown and etched surfaces were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Free-standing whisker-like features and hexagonal etch pits were formed on the etched sample surfaces by PEC and wet etching, respectively. Using plan-view AFM, we found the density of whiskers (8x108-1×109 cm−2) to be similar to the etch pit densities when etched in both H3PO4 and molten KOH under precise etching conditions. During the wet etching process, a careful balance must be struck to ensure that every defect is delineated, but not overetched to cause merging which would lead to an underestimation of the defect density. Additionally, TEM observations confirmed the dislocation densities obtained by etching, which increased our confidence in the consistency of the methods used.
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Yang, Yuxin, Xiaofei Wei, Nannan Zhang, Juanjuan Zheng, Xing Chen, Qian Wen, Xinxin Luo et al. „A non-printed integrated-circuit textile for wireless theranostics“. Nature Communications 12, Nr. 1 (12.08.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25075-8.
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AbstractWhile the printed circuit board (PCB) has been widely considered as the building block of integrated electronics, the world is switching to pursue new ways of merging integrated electronic circuits with textiles to create flexible and wearable devices. Herein, as an alternative for PCB, we described a non-printed integrated-circuit textile (NIT) for biomedical and theranostic application via a weaving method. All the devices are built as fibers or interlaced nodes and woven into a deformable textile integrated circuit. Built on an electrochemical gating principle, the fiber-woven-type transistors exhibit superior bending or stretching robustness, and were woven as a textile logical computing module to distinguish different emergencies. A fiber-type sweat sensor was woven with strain and light sensors fibers for simultaneously monitoring body health and the environment. With a photo-rechargeable energy textile based on a detailed power consumption analysis, the woven circuit textile is completely self-powered and capable of both wireless biomedical monitoring and early warning. The NIT could be used as a 24/7 private AI “nurse” for routine healthcare, diabetes monitoring, or emergencies such as hypoglycemia, metabolic alkalosis, and even COVID-19 patient care, a potential future on-body AI hardware and possibly a forerunner to fabric-like computers.
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Hernández-García, L., F. Panessa, L. Bassani, G. Bruni, F. Ursini, V. Chavushyan, O. González-Martín et al. „A young and obscured AGN embedded in the giant radio galaxy Mrk 1498“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 16.08.2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2265.
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Abstract Mrk 1498 is part of a sample of galaxies with extended emission line regions (extended outwards up to a distance of ∼7 kpc) suggested to be photo-ionized by an AGN that has faded away or that is still active but heavily absorbed. Interestingly, the nucleus of Mrk 1498 is at the center of two giant radio lobes with a projected linear size of 1.1 Mpc. Our multi-wavelength analysis reveals a complex nuclear structure, with a young radio source (Giga-hertz Peaked Spectrum) surrounded by a strong X-ray nuclear absorption, a mid-infrared spectrum that is dominated by the torus emission, plus a circum-nuclear extended emission in the [OIII] image (with radius of ∼ 1 kpc), most likely related to the ionization of the AGN, aligned with the small and large scale radio jet and extended also at X-rays. In addition a large-scale extended emission (up to ∼ 10 kpc) is only visible in [OIII]. These data show conclusive evidence of a heavily absorbed nucleus and has recently restarted its nuclear activity. To explain its complexity, we propose that Mrk 1498 is the result of a merging event or secular processes, such as a minor interaction, that has triggered the nuclear activity and produced tidal streams. The large-scale extended emission that gives place to the actual morphology could either be explained by star formation or outflowing material from the AGN.
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Di Piazza, A., K. Z. Hatsagortsyan und C. H. Keitel. „Laser-photon merging in proton-laser collisions“. Physical Review A 78, Nr. 6 (11.12.2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.78.062109.
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Talebi, Nahid, Sophie Meuret, Surong Guo, Mario Hentschel, Albert Polman, Harald Giessen und Peter A. van Aken. „Merging transformation optics with electron-driven photon sources“. Nature Communications 10, Nr. 1 (05.02.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08488-4.
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Gies, Holger, Felix Karbstein und Nico Seegert. „Photon merging and splitting in electromagnetic field inhomogeneities“. Physical Review D 93, Nr. 8 (27.04.2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.93.085034.
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