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Hayder, Aneela, Stephen Vanderburgt, Rafael M. Santos und Yi Wai Chiang. „Phosphorous runoff risk assessment and its potential management using wollastonite according to geochemical modeling“. Open Agriculture 4, Nr. 1 (31.12.2019): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0075.
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AbstractLoss of phosphorus from agricultural land through water runoff causes serious detrimental effects on the environment and on water quality. Phosphorous runoff from excessive use of fertilizers can cause algal blooms to grow in nearby water systems, producing toxins that contaminate drinking water sources and recreational water. In this study, a risk analysis of the algal toxin micro-cystin-LR and the mitigation of phosphorus from agriculture runoff is discussed. A risk analysis was performed on the algal bloom toxin microcystin-LR considering the Lake Erie algal bloom event of 2011 as a case study. Toxicity risk analysis results show that relatively low concentrations of microcystin-LR compared to recent case studies pose an acute health risk to both children and adults, and a significant increase in the risk of developing cancer is suggested but subject to further study given the assumptions made. This study investigated the potential of using wollastonite to mitigate phosphorus pollution, considering thermodynamic conditions of a constructed wetland receiving influent water from agriculture runoff, by using geochemical modelling. Geochemical modelling results show that wollastonite can react with phosphorus and capture it in the stable mineral form of hydroxyapatite, offering a possible strategy for risk mitigation of phosphorous runoff. A removal efficiency of 77% of phosphorus using wollastonite is calculated with the help of geochemical modelling.
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Haque, Shama E. „How Effective Are Existing Phosphorus Management Strategies in Mitigating Surface Water Quality Problems in the U.S.?“ Sustainability 13, Nr. 12 (09.06.2021): 6565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126565.
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Phosphorus is an essential component of modern agriculture. Long-term land application of phosphorous-enriched fertilizers and animal manure leads to phosphorus accumulation in soil that may become susceptible to mobilization via erosion, surface runoff and subsurface leaching. Globally, highly water-soluble phosphorus fertilizers used in agriculture have contributed to eutrophication and hypoxia in surface waters. This paper provides an overview of the literature relevant to the advances in phosphorous management strategies and surface water quality problems in the U.S. Over the past several decades, significant advances have been made to control phosphorus discharge into surface water bodies of the U.S. However, the current use of phosphorus remains inefficient at various stages of its life cycle, and phosphorus continues to remain a widespread problem in many water bodies, including the Gulf of Mexico and Lake Erie. In particular, the Midwestern Corn Belt region of the U.S. is a hotspot of phosphorous fertilization that has resulted in a net positive soil phosphorous balance. The runoff of phosphorous has resulted in dense blooms of toxic, odor-causing phytoplankton that deteriorate water quality. In the past, considerable attention was focused on improving the water quality of freshwater bodies and estuaries by reducing inputs of phosphorus alone. However, new research suggests that strategies controlling the two main nutrients, phosphorus and nitrogen, are more effective in the management of eutrophication. There is no specific solution to solving phosphorus pollution of water resources; however, sustainable management of phosphorus requires an integrated approach combining at least a reduction in consumption levels, source management, more specific regime-based nutrient criteria, routine soil fertility evaluation and recommendations, transport management, as well as the development of extensive phosphorus recovery and recycling programs.
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UUSITALO, R., E. TURTOLA und J. GRÖNROOS. „Finnish trends in phosphorus balances and soil test phosphorus“. Agricultural and Food Science 16, Nr. 4 (04.12.2008): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960607784125339.
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Soil test phosphorus (P) concentration has a major influence on the dissolved P concentration in runoff from agricultural soils. Thus, trends in soil test P partly determine the development of pollution potential of agricultural activities. We reviewed the changes of soil test P and P balances in Finnish agriculture, and assessed the current setting of P loss potential after two Agri-Environmental Programs. Phosphorus balance of the Finnish agriculture has decreased from +35 kg ha1 of the 1980s to about +8 kg P ha1 today. As a consequence, the 50-yr upward trend in soil test P concentrations has probably levelled out in the late 1990s, as suggested by sampling of about 1600 fields and by a modelling exercise. For the majority of our agricultural soils, soil test P concentrations are currently at a level at which annual P fertilization is unlikely to give measurable yield responses. Soils that benefit from annual P applications are more often found in farms specialized in cereal production, whereas farms specialized in non-cereal plant production and animal production have higher soil test P concentrations. An imbalance in P cycling between plant (feed) and animal production is obvious, and regional imbalances are a result of concentration of animal farms in some parts of the country. A major concern in future will be the fate of manure P in those regions where animal production intensity is further increasing.;
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Djodjic, Faruk. „Phosphorus, Agriculture and Water Quality“. Journal of Environmental Quality 28, Nr. 5 (September 1999): 1685–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050041x.
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N.B., Pokharnikar, A. S. Jadhav, Bhosale P.R., Patil Y.Y. und Raut P.D. „Studies on Degradation of Organic Food Waste, Municipal Solid Waste, and Agriculture Waste from Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India“. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, suppl (2023): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i06s.062.
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Present study deals with different types of organic waste samples collected from different areas of Kolhapur city such as food waste, agricultural waste and municipal waste. Different organic waste samples were degraded with increase in retention time from 1 to 50 days. The parameters like pH, EC, Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium were studied after every 10 days of interval. The results were interesting showing increased degradation activity by using microorganisms. It is also evident in the study that if less energy is available for growth of microorganism less microbial biomass is produced. The result suggests that food waste degradation shows decrease in nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous whereas organic carbon, organic matter was also decreased. Agriculture waste degradation shows organic carbon, organic matter, nitrogen decrease and increase in phosphorus, potassium. Municipal solid waste degradation shows decrease in nitrogen, phosphorus and slight increase in potassium and decrease in organic carbon and organic matter
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Kauppi, L. „The Contribution of Agricultural Loading to Eutrophication in Finnish Lakes“. Water Science and Technology 17, Nr. 6-7 (01.06.1985): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0208.
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Agriculture accounts for 9 per cent of the total surface area of Finland and generates the greatest single nutrient input to Finnish watercourses. Since agricultural activity is scattered throughout the whole country its effects in lakes are less pronounced than those of domestic and industrial effluents. On the other hand, point source phosphorus loading of lakes and rivers decreased significantly during the nineteen-seventies. Phosphorus is the nutrient which primarily limits production in most Finnish lakes. The availability of phosphorus in agricultural runoff waters is therefore a crucial question in the evaluation of the eutrophicating effects of agriculture. Our results indicated that in runoff waters available phosphorus can be 60-70 per cent of the total phosphorus. However, the concentrations of available P were so low that they could be achieved in Finnish lakes of low ionic concentration through simple chemical desorption without the assistance of the algal uptake. The utilization of the spring maximum of runoff phosphorus in lakes would thus not depend on the concurrence of the maxima of loading and algal growth.
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Oenema, O., und C. W. J. Roest. „Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agriculture into surface waters; the effects of policies and measures in the Netherlands“. Water Science and Technology 37, Nr. 3 (01.02.1998): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0167.
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The increased input of fertilizers and animal wastes after 1950 has boosted agricultural crop production to a high level in many industrialized countries, but it has also contributed to increased nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from agriculture to groundwaters and surface waters. This paper summarizes the pathways and controls of nitrogen and phosphorus losses to surface waters, and it presents estimates and predictions of the losses from agricultural soils in The Netherlands into surface waters, before and after the implementation of policies and measures to reduce nutrient losses from agriculture. Implementation of the nutrient accounting system MINAS, aiming at a step-wise lowering of nitrogen and phosphorus surpluses at farm level, will decrease the total nitrogen and phosphorus surpluses between the years 1985 and 2008 by 58 and 82%, respectively. These large decreases are the result of a strong decrease in the input via fertilizers and animal wastes, combined with only a minor decrease in the output via harvested products. Nitrogen emissions from agricultural land to surface waters will decrease by 38% between 1985 and 2008. Phosphorus emissions from agricultural land to surface waters are expected not to decrease on the short term.
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Bochove, Eric van, Georges van Thériault, Farida Dechmi, Marie-Line Leclerc und Nadia Goussard. „Indicator of risk of water contamination by phosphorus: Temporal trends for the Province of Quebec from 1981 to 2001“. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 87, Special Issue (01.03.2007): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s06-067.
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An indicator of risk of water contamination by phosphorus (IROWC-P) was developed to estimate the risk of phosphorus (P) contamination in water by agriculture, and to evaluate how this risk changes over time based on the census data obtained every 5 yr. For the province of Quebec, IROWC-P is calculated with census data from 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001. In 2001, 85% of the Soil Landscapes of Canada (SLC) agricultural polygons of Quebec were in the low and moderate risk classes and the remaining 15% in the high risk class. Although agricultural production statistics show marked changes from 1981 to 2001 in livestock herd composition, area under cultivation, agricultural land use and use of inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and animal manure, no trend was observed in the estimated risk over the same period. Increased risk of P transport from agricultural fields to water is expected when agricultural soils are rich in P or have excess P relative to crop needs and have a high potential for soil erosion and surface runoff. Key words: Risk indicator, water contamination, phosphorus, soil landscapes of Canada, agriculture
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Davydiuk, H. V., L. I. Shkarivska, I. I. Klymenko, N. I. Dovbash, M. A. Kushсhuk und V. V. Hirnyk. „Features of mobile phosphorus accumulation under different systems of agriculture in agricultural landscapes“. Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice, Nr. 1 (18.05.2022): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.01.03.
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The aim of the article was to establish the features of the phosphorus regime of the soil under different systems of agriculture in the agricultural landscapes of the Right Bank and Left Bank Forest-Steppe in the cultivation of grain crops. The study used the method of agroecological monitoring and laboratory (methods of chemical, physico-chemical analysis using modern methods of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame photometry in accordance with the requirements of the quality management system, DSTU 3973-2000). The research was conducted in the right-bank Forest-Steppe on the basis of long-term experiments of departments: technologies of grain crops and technologies of legumes, cereals and oilseeds crops, located within the research fields of NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS» (Fastiv district of Kyiv region), and in the left-bank Forest-Steppe on the Panfil Research Station of NSC «IZ NAAN» in a stationary experiment of the department of crop change and agriculture on reclaimed lands for determining the impact of different systems of farming for growing cereals crop in crop rotations and permanent crops. Under the extensive system of agriculture on dark gray podzolic soil and typical chernozem, the development of degradation processes was noted, namely the negative impact on the content of mobile phosphorus compounds, regardless of the method of growing crops. Over more than 30 years of research, periodic application of ameliorants and annual incorporation of plant residues has led to a reduction of more than 1.5 times the amount of mobile phosphorus. The organic system of agriculture, which provided for the introduction of ameliorants and annual incorporation of plant residues at a dose equivalent to 5 t/ha of straw, increased the number of mobile phosphorus compounds by almost 21% compared to 1988 baseline (1988). The introduction of different options for intensive farming systems has increased the amount of mobile phosphorus compounds in the soil by 1.4-2.1 times compared to baseline, during the observation period, 1.4–2.1 times. The largest increase in their number, almost 2.1 times over 30 years, was observed in the variant with the introduction of N105,0P86,3K101,3 per 1 ha of crop rotation area (intensive № 2).
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Rashmi, I., A. K. Biswas und V. R. Ramkrishana Parama. „Phosphorus management in agriculture: a review“. Agricultural Reviews 35, Nr. 4 (2014): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-0741.2014.00913.1.
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Wakelin, Steven. „Phosphorus solubilising Penicillium spp. for agriculture“. Microbiology Australia 24, Nr. 3 (2003): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma03340.
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Many Penicillium species found in soil provide vital ecosystem services such as turnover of organic matter and mineral weathering. Recently, some such species have been shown to increase the growth of plants, particularly on soils that bind phosphorus tightly. There is now interest in the exploitation of this group of Penicillium as a means to increase agricultural production. Could this be the next chapter in our exploitation of this genus?
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Powlson, David S. „PHOSPHORUS, AGRICULTURE AND WATER QUALITY: Foreword“. Soil Use and Management 14, s4 (Juni 1998): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00629.x.
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Harika, Darla, Victor Debbarma und M. G. Thrupthi. „Influence of Phosphorus and Bio-fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Phaseolus mungo L.)“. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, Nr. 13 (15.05.2023): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i132985.
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The field study took place in kharif 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.). to determine the “Effect of Phosphorus and Bio -fertilizer on growth and yield of black gram (Phaseolus mungo L).” The results revealed that treatment -9 [Phosphorus -50 kg/ha + Rhizobium +PSB] significantly increased plant height (45.69 cm), number of nodules/ plant (38.15), plant dry weight (6.64 g), Crop growth rate (2.99 g/m2/day), number of pods/plant (40.8), maximum number of seeds/pod(6.23), test weight (34.75 gm), seed yield (1371 kg/ha), stover yield (2980 kg/ha), gross return (INR 89,290.00/ha), and net return (INR 60,797.00/ha). also, the maximum B:C ratio (2.13) was taken captive in treatment-9[ phosphorous 50 kg/ha + Rhizobium + PSB] in comparison to different treatments.
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Gupta, Sheetanshu, Dhirendra Kumar, Milind D. Joshi, Santosh Marahatta, Aakriti Tamrakar, Kumari Sunita, Anoop G. Zacharia und Wajid Hasan. „Harnessing the Power of Microflora Diversity: Exploring Alternative Solutions to Phosphorus Scarcity in the Soil-Plant System“. International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences 5, Nr. 1 (20.06.2024): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2024.519.
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Phosphorus (P) scarcity poses a significant challenge to sustainable agriculture, impacting plant growth and crop productivity. While arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have been extensively studied for their role in enhancing phosphorus acquisition, this review explores the potential of diverse microflora as alternative solutions. The diverse microflora groups, including rhizobacteria, actinomycetes, and cyanobacteria, contribute to phosphorus availability through various mechanisms. These microfloras produce organic acids, enzymes, and chelators that enhance phosphorus solubility and mineralization, facilitating nutrient cycling. Moreover, they promote root growth, nutrient uptake efficiency, and plant growth through the production of growth-promoting substances. Unravelling the molecular interactions between microflora and plants has provided insights into signalling pathways and genetic mechanisms governing the symbiotic association. Harnessing the power of diverse microflora offers potential benefits, including reduced reliance on chemical fertilizers, improved nutrient use efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Future research directions involve exploring unexplored microflora groups, manipulating microbial communities, and integrating microflora-based strategies with precision agriculture technologies. This review highlights the significance of diverse microflora as alternative solutions to address phosphorus scarcity and advance sustainable agricultural practices.
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NALLAGATLA VINOD KUMAR und PATIL M.B. „Effect of different organic amendments on phosphorus dynamics of blackgram (Vigna mungo)“. Indian Journal of Agronomy 69, Nr. 1 (05.05.2024): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i1.5493.
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Legumes play a significant role in sustainable agriculture through their ability to improve soil fertility and health. With a mutual symbiotic relationship with some bacteria in soil, they can improve nitrogen (N) amount through biological N-fixation (BNF). But to maximize such functions, legumes need more phosphorus (P) as it is required for energy transformation in nodules. Besides, P also plays a significant role in root development, nutrient uptake and growth of legume crops. A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2019 at IFS unit, College of Agriculture, (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad), Vijayapur, Karnataka to study the effect of different combination of organic sources on phosphorus dynamics of blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. Among different treatments, the application of vermicompost + ghanajeevamrutha @ 100% RDP + Rhizobium + PSB recorded significantly higher soil available phosphorus (36.30 kg/ha) and uptake by blackgram (16.08 kg/ha). This study has demonstrated the dynamics of phosphorus through different organic sources in blackgram.
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Chaudhari, Sonali, und Vallabh Zinzala. „Advances for Improving Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Agriculture“. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, Nr. 21 (10.11.2023): 1108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i214083.
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An impending crisis is the continuous availability of phosphate fertilizers, which underlie global food production. The rock phosphate deposits on which the world depends are not only finite but many are polluted and many are located in geopolitically unstable locations, implying that significant changes will be required to maintain food supply for an increasing global population. There is no single solution, but a combination of phosphorus management measures is required not just to extend the life of the remaining non-renewable rock phosphate sources, but also to result in a more efficient, sustainable phosphorus cycle. Improving the effectiveness of fertilizer applications to agricultural land, as well as a better understanding of phosphorus cycling in soil-plant systems and the interplay between soil physics, chemistry and biology in conjunction with plant characteristics are among the solutions. The finite nature of rock phosphate supply and the development of other sources of phosphorus fertilizers is unavoidable. There are clear prospects and it is now critical to prioritize a concerted effort to increase phosphorus usage efficiency.
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Krechetnikova, E. O., V. V. Krechetnikov, I. E. Titov und V. K. Kuznetsov. „Geoinformation system for designing adaptive landscape farming systems on the radioactively contaminated territory of the Tula research institute of agriculture“. Geoinformatika, Nr. 4 (2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47148/1609-364x-2020-4-12-19.
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GIS project was developed for the radioactively contaminated territory of the Tulskii NII. It was created in order to project the adaptive landscape agricultures. It was based on the information on the concentrations of 137Cs radionuclide in soil, compiled over 16 years. Electronic maps have been developed to create a GIS project and included the location of agricultural lands; crop rotation systems; distribution of specific activity values for artificial 137Cs radionuclide in agricultural lands; agrochemical indexes (the humus content, potassium content, contribution of phosphorus, the acidity), soil types, relief. The created GIS project and the corresponding data bases will be used to collect, store and analyse the results of the survey in order to project the adaptive landscape agricultures. Key words: GIS project, adaptive landscape agriculture, agricultural lands, radiation safety.
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Chen, M., und J. Chen. „Phosphorus release from agriculture to surface waters: past, present and future in China“. Water Science and Technology 57, Nr. 9 (01.05.2008): 1355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.256.
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So far, there is no clear picture at national level regarding the severity, spatial distribution, trend and driving forces of phosphorus (P) release from agriculture to surface waters in China, which presents a major obstacle for surface water quality management and relevant policy-making. By applying a proposed Activity-Unit-Balance (AUB) methodology, this paper retrospects and prospects phosphorus release from agricultural activities to surface waters from1978 to 2050 in China. Modelling results reveal that P load from agriculture has increased 3.4 times during 1978–2005 and will increase by 1.8 times during 2005–2050. Although major contribution factors are mineral fertiliser application (MFA) and livestock feeding activities (LFAs), LFAs will be the single largest source of increased total P load in the next decades. Most importantly, agricultural pollution in China is spatially overlapped with industrial and domestic pollution, and regions in the southeast to “Heihe-Tengchong” line have to be confronted with an austere challenge to control and manage industrial and domestic pollution as well as pollution from agriculture at present and in future.
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Alcántara-Plazola, J. Javier, und Erick de la Barrera. „Quantification of embedded phosphorus in Mexican agriculture“. Sustainable Production and Consumption 28 (Oktober 2021): 824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.07.011.
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McLaughlin, Michael. „The Future of Phosphorus Use in Agriculture“. Better Crops with Plant Food 103, Nr. 1 (11.03.2019): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24047/bc103157.
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Securing the nutritional needs for our increasing population will continue to drive a healthy demand for P. Innovation will continue to broaden our viable choices for P, which combined with social drivers, will continue to generate momentum towards a more closed P cycle. Further advances in plant breeding, agronomy, and fertilizer technology are required for today’s agricultural systems on soils with high P sorption capacity.
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Withers, P. J. A., und P. M. Haygarth. „Agriculture, phosphorus and eutrophication: a European perspective“. Soil Use and Management 23, s1 (September 2007): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2007.00116.x.
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Roberts, Terry L., und A. Edward Johnston. „Phosphorus use efficiency and management in agriculture“. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 105 (Dezember 2015): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.09.013.
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Bera, Swagota, Arti Shrivastava, Himani Agrawal und Sunandal Mandal. „A Review on Estimation of soil Macronutrients using Satellite Image Processing“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2576, Nr. 1 (01.09.2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2576/1/012003.
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Abstract Major portion of Indian economy depends on agriculture. More than 40 % of the Indian land is used for agriculture which contributes to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country and also provides employ to the population of the country. Increment in the population day by day increases the requirement for the increment in the yield of the agricultural products. There are several factors which is responsible to control the agricultural product yield. Among them Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium are the macronutrients are the vital elements of the soil . Due to the instability in the climatic condition of India and also due to other biotic and abiotic factors macronutrients get varies. To increase the crop yield, the perfect handling of macronutrients i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are required. As the technology is developing day by day, the application of remote sensing in agriculture is becoming promising. The satellite images of agricultural land can be processed and analysed to provide vital information for efficient agricultural practices. This paper is the review of the present state of art in the field of satellite image processing techniques for the estimation of the macronutrients of the agricultural land. This review will promote the acceptance of hyperspectral image technology for the investigation of soil NPK.
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Damor, S., und P. Goswami. „Bacterial Strain Improvement via Random Physical Mutation to Improve Phosphate Solubilization Efficiency for Sustainable Crop Growth“. Journal of Scientific Research 16, Nr. 1 (01.01.2024): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v16i1.64892.
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Phosphorus deficiency in soil due to cation-mediated fixation reduces agricultural output from otherwise fertile lands. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria can solubilize this immobilized phosphate. The goal of this study was to use random UV mutagenesis to improve the phosphate solubilizing efficiency of the bacterial strains isolated from agriculture soils of Jaipur, Rajasthan. The phosphate solubilizing capacity was determined using the colorimetric chlorostannous reduced molybdo phosphoric acid blue method. When UV treated for 40, 50, and 60 min. Strain B5 depicted 58.54 %, 133.27 %, and 159.09 % enhanced phosphate solubilization, respectively, in the phylogenetic tree constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolate B5 clustered with Pseudomonas putida strains. Thus wild strains such as Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. can be mutagenically exploited to avail incapacitated phosphorus in soil. This can be an ecologically desired elucidation; however, more research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved and their repercussions.
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Silva, Leandro Israel da, Marlon Correa Pereira, André Mundstock Xavier de Carvalho, Victor Hugo Buttrós, Moacir Pasqual und Joyce Dória. „Phosphorus-Solubilizing Microorganisms: A Key to Sustainable Agriculture“. Agriculture 13, Nr. 2 (15.02.2023): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020462.
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Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential macronutrients for plant growth, being a highly required resource to improve the productive performance of several crops, especially in highly weathered soils. However, a large part of the nutrients applied in the form of fertilizers becomes “inert” in the medium term and cannot be assimilated by plants. Rationalizing the use of phosphorus is a matter of extreme importance for environmental sustainability and socioeconomic development. Therefore, alternatives to the management of this nutrient are needed, and the use of P-solubilizing microorganisms is an option to optimize its use by crops, allowing the exploration of less available fractions of the nutrient in soils and reducing the demand for phosphate fertilizers. The objective of this study is to discuss the importance of phosphorus and how microorganisms can intermediate its sustainable use in agriculture. In this review study, we present several studies about the role of microorganisms as phosphorus mobilizers in the soil. We describe the importance of the nutrient for the plants and the main problems related to the unsustainable exploitation of its natural reserves and the use of chemical fertilizers. Mainly we highlight how microorganisms constitute a fundamental resource for the release of the inert portion of the nutrient, where we describe several mechanisms of solubilization and mineralization. We also discussed the benefits that the inoculation of P-solubilizing microorganisms provides to crops as well as practices of using them as bioinoculants. The use of microorganisms as inoculants is a viable resource for the future of sustainable agriculture, mainly because its application can significantly reduce the application of P and, consequently, reduce the exploitation of phosphorus and its reserves. In addition, new research must be conducted for the development of new technologies, prospecting new biological products, and improvement of management practices that allow for higher efficiency in the use of phosphorus in agriculture.
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Dantas Mendes, Lipe Renato. „Edge-of-Field Technologies for Phosphorus Retention from Agricultural Drainage Discharge“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 2 (16.01.2020): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020634.
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Agriculture is often responsible for the eutrophication of surface waters due to the loss of phosphorus—a normally limiting nutrient in freshwater ecosystems. Tile-drained agricultural catchments tend to increase this problem by accelerating the transport of phosphorus through subsurface drains both in dissolved (reactive and organic phosphorus) and particulate (particle-bound phosphorus) forms. The reduction of excess phosphorus loads from agricultural catchments prior to reaching downstream surface waters is therefore necessary. Edge-of-field technologies have been investigated, developed and implemented in areas with excess phosphorus losses to receive and treat the drainage discharge, when measures at the farm-scale are not able to sufficiently reduce the loads. The implementation of these technologies shall base on the phosphorus dynamics of specific catchments (e.g., phosphorus load and dominant phosphorus form) in order to ensure that local retention goals are met. Widely accepted technologies include constructed wetlands, restored wetlands, vegetated buffer strips and filter materials. These have demonstrated a large variability in the retention of phosphorus, and results from the literature can help targeting specific catchment conditions with suitable technologies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the currently used edge-of-field technologies for phosphorus retention in tile-drained catchments, with great focus on performance, application and limitations.
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Zhao, Guangxu. „Beneficial microorganisms in agriculture“. International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences 2, Nr. 1 (03.03.2023): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijbls.v2i1.5620.
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Beneficial microorganisms are used more and more frequently in the field of agriculture. Beneficial microorganisms can be divided into growth promoting bacteria and biocontrol bacteria. Growth promoting bacteria include improving the nutritional state of plants (such as nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, etc.) and improving the state of plants themselves (producing plant hormones, ACC deaminase, ferricarrier, etc.). Beneficial microorganisms are often used as biofertilizers in agricultural production and multifunctional biofertilizers are preferred. In this paper, the classification of beneficial microorganisms and their application in agriculture were reviewed in order to provide reference for the study of beneficial microorganisms.
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Withers, P. J. A., A. C. Edwards und R. H. Foy. „Phosphorus cycling in UK agriculture and implications for phosphorus loss from soil“. Soil Use and Management 17, Nr. 3 (19.01.2006): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2001.tb00020.x.
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Withers, P. J. A., P. J. A. Withers, A. C. Edwards und R. H. Foy. „Phosphorus cycling in UK agriculture and implications for phosphorus loss from soil“. Soil Use and Management 17, Nr. 3 (01.09.2001): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/sum200181.
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Colombo, Federico, Michele Pesenti, Fabrizio Araniti, Salvatore Roberto Pilu und Fabio Francesco Nocito. „An Integrated and Multi-Stakeholder Approach for Sustainable Phosphorus Management in Agriculture“. Agronomy 14, Nr. 4 (10.04.2024): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14040780.
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Conventional agriculture relies on non-renewable rock phosphate as a source of phosphorus. The demand for food has led to increased phosphorus inputs, with a negative impact on freshwater biodiversity and food security. The importation of phosphorus fertilizers makes most food systems vulnerable to phosphorus supply risks. The geopolitical instability generated by the pandemic and the current Russia–Ukraine conflict, which has led to a 400% increase in phosphorus commodity prices, offers the international community and institutions an opportunity to embrace the global phosphorus challenge and move towards a more circular system. Here, we discuss an integrated and multi-stakeholder approach to improve phosphorus management in agriculture and increase the efficiency of the whole chain, highlighting the contribution of conventional breeding and genetic engineering, with a particular focus on low-phytic-acid (lpa) crops, whose grains may help in reducing phosphorus-management-related problems. In recent decades, the choice of short-term strategies—such as the use of phytase as a feed additive—rather than lpa mutants, has been carried out without considering the long-term money saving to be derived from lpa crops. Overall, lpa crops have the potential to increase the nutritional quality of foods and feeds, but more research is needed to optimize their performance.
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Husemann, Christoph, Vesna Rodić und Jovana Husemann. „Phosphorus as a Bottleneck for a Sustainable Food Suply“. Contemporary Agriculture 67, Nr. 2 (01.07.2018): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2018-0025.
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Summary Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for all forms of life, which means that food cannot be produced without it. As the phosphate rock (concentrated source of phosphorus) is a non-renewable and finite resource, with no substitute, without more sustainable management of phosphorus its deposits could be depleted in a rather short period. In addition, much of phosphorus eventually ends up in environment, where it causes pollution. Hence, one could say that the lack of phosphorus and its inappropriate management could be a bottleneck for a sustainable food supply and agricultural development in general. Nevertheless, unlike some other challenges that modern agriculture has to face (for example, water and energy scarcity, climate changes etc) the problem of phosphorus limited availability and accessibility has been largely neglected until recently. This paper’s particular intention is to explain why phosphorus management is one of key issues for the sustainable food supply and agricultural development, which factors have to be considered when dealing with this topic and which technologies could be applied as potential solutions. One solution to become independent from the fossil deposits of phosphorus might be its extraction from wastewater, which could contribute significantly to overcome the looming phosphorus and growing environmental crisis.
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Kauppi, L., O. P. Pietiläinen und S. Knuuttila. „Impacts of Agricultural Nutrient Loading on Finnish Watercourses“. Water Science and Technology 28, Nr. 3-5 (01.08.1993): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0449.
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Eutrophication of lakes, rivers and coastal waters is the main environmental problem caused by agriculture in Finland. Water quality of most Finnish watercourses is good or excellent, but in the intensively cultivated region of southern and western Finland the turbidity of water as well as algal blooms are a common problem. Generally, phosphorus is the limiting nutrient for primary production in Finnish lakes, but in eutrophic lakes and coastal waters the role of nitrogen becomes more important. Nitrogen from agriculture enters the watercourses mainly in dissolved form. By contrast, most phosphorus is transported in association with small particles. According to bioassays the algal availability of this paniculate P is very low. Therefore, the eutrophying effect of agriculture can be estimated on the basis of dissolved nutrients. In shallow lakes, typical in agricultural regions, the release of dissolved P from the bottom sediment often induces the development of N2-fixing blue- green algal blooms. In some cases the internal load may exceed the external load. For the recovery of such a lake the introduction of better agricultural practices in the drainage basin has to be coupled with in-lake measures.
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Ulén, Barbro. „Nutrient Exports from Two Agriculture-Dominated Watersheds in Southern Sweden“. Hydrology Research 29, Nr. 1 (01.02.1998): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1998.0003.
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Nutrient concentrations and exports were monitored for eight years in two agriculture-dominated watersheds in the central part of the Västgöta Plain in Sweden. The hydrology and the nutrient concentrations in the streams were very similar. Concentrations (monthly flow-weighted) of dissolved phosphate-phosphorus (PO4P) varied substantially during the year (from 0.03 to 0.27 mg 1−1) whereas concentrations of particulate phosphorus (PartP) varied less (from 0.03 to 0.16 mg −1). No trends in nutrient export during the eight years were found after flow-normalization of export data. Three wet periods dominated the long-term loads of the streams. Although a few events dominated annual yields of suspended solids (SS) from drainage pipes, standard deviation of annual mean SS concentration was reasonably constant between different years. However, when further developing phosphorus load models the variation in SS concentration should probably be considered. In-stream processes may contribute nearly as much to the phosphorus export as those occurring on and in arable soils in terms of their impact on the magnitude of phosphorus export. Total nitrogen (TotN) mean concentration was 5 mg 1−1 and was similar in drainage pipes and in the streams.
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Lorick, Dag, Robin Harder und Magdalena Svanström. „A Circular Economy for Phosphorus in Sweden—Is it Possible?“ Sustainability 13, Nr. 7 (26.03.2021): 3733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073733.
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More sustainable management of phosphorus requires comprehensive understanding of phosphorus stocks and flows. With the purpose of shedding light on the possibilities for an increased level of recirculation of phosphorus in Sweden, phosphorus flows entering and exiting biomass production sectors were quantified along with waste flows, that is, flows that are not currently utilized in biomass production. Relevant waste flows were also characterized in terms of phosphorus concentration, plant availability, contamination and geo-spatial distribution. The theoretical recirculation potential of phosphorus in Sweden was then estimated. The results indicate that there is a large potential for making phosphorus management more circular, especially regarding the utilization of phosphorus in sewage sludge as well as wood ashes from the forestry sector. Moreover, there is a large amount of phosphorus in mining waste that could potentially be used for fertilizer production. It is concluded that the amount of phosphorus in flows fit for recirculation in forestry could more or less balance today’s output. In agriculture, however, recirculation can only sufficiently replace imported mineral phosphorus at current demand if the phosphorus in mining waste is utilized. Thus, if the goal is to replace all of the mineral phosphorus, the agricultural sector also has to become much more efficient in its phosphorus usage.
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Popescu, Lavinia, und Safta Sorinela. „The role of phosphates in agriculture and highlighting key issues in agriculture from a climate change perspective“. Ekonomika poljoprivrede 68, Nr. 4 (2021): 1001–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopolj2104001p.
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This paper investigates in the foreground the state of agricultural systems in interdependence with climate change, a condition synec vanon of decarbonization of agriculture. The relationship between ecologically responsible agricultural systems places the innovative design of agricultural processes as the first factor in achieving the success of environmental responsibilities in addressing any agricultural processes customized to the area through the symbiosis between production in order to protect the biosphere. Thus, the constraints of reducing the consumption of chemical fertilizers in agriculture have gained new value at the same time as the interest of producers to gradually comply with the new more sustainable environmental requirements by optimizing synergies in the vision of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The paper also identifies the risks of degradation of natural resources as an effect of environmental change, such as phosphorus, a much-needed element in agriculture, a declining global resource. From the empirical analysis of the analyzed sources we followed on the basis of statistical data a calibration of the risk trends generated by the impact of the adaptability of agriculture to environmental requirements, in achieving an agriculture designed for sustainability.
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Mayowela, Beatrice Eugen, und Juma Said Ally. „Real-Time Monitoring of Parameters Contributing to Soil Quality in Palm Oil Plantation“. East African Journal of Information Technology 6, Nr. 1 (05.11.2023): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajit.6.1.1557.
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Soil sustains the life of both animals and plants in the world. Most agriculture activities are conducted in soil. Real-time soil parameter data were collected in three villages of Kyela district (Kisare, Lupaso, and Mabunga) lowland zones during the September 2023 dry season. Observed real-time parameters were soil pH, Electric conductivity, temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, and humidity. Soil sensor, multifunctional converter, solar panel, 4G WIFI, and cloud platform (USRIOT) were used. The result shows that nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, pH, and Electric conductivity have a positive correlation with each other while demonstrating a negative correlation to pH and temperature. Although outliers were observed in real-time nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and electric conductivity datasets, they denote a wide variation of such parameters in selected villages. Furthermore, the selected study area demonstrates a relatively low amount of phosphorus compared to other macronutrients
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Daneshgar, Saba, Armando Buttafava, Arianna Callegari und Andrea Capodaglio. „Simulations and Laboratory Tests for Assessing Phosphorus Recovery Efficiency from Sewage Sludge“. Resources 7, Nr. 3 (31.08.2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources7030054.
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Phosphorus is a potential environmental pollutant, which could lead to the eutrophication of water bodies. For this reason, wastewater treatment plants worldwide are often designed and operated to eliminate phosphorous from effluents, at substantial cost. At the same time, phosphorus is an essential nutrient for agriculture and, consequently, human life. Data seem to suggest that the world will run out of phosphorus by around 2300, in the best case scenario, although even shorter estimates exist. This situation evokes the need for more efficient phosphorus recovery technologies, in order to meet current water quality requirements and—at the same time—critical future phosphorous needs. Chemical precipitation is the main process for achieving a phosphorus-containing mineral suitable for reuse as a fertilizer, where Struvite is an example of such a product. In this study chemical equilibrium of struvite precipitation was simulated using US Geological Survey (USGS)’ PHREEQC model, and results were compared to laboratory precipitation tests to evaluate struvite recovery efficiency under various conditions. pH had the most significant effect on the results and P recovery of >90% was achieved at pH = 9.5. Simulations indicated that struvite precipitation is affected by the presence of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) and calcite in the final product of the process. The model showed great potential for predicting equilibrium conditions, and could be very helpful for future optimization of the process.
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Manikandan.S, Dr.R.T. Ajaykarthik, Adhithya.M, Barath.S und Ramachandran.S. „Agriculture Soil Nutrition Auto Sprayer“. International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 2, Nr. 03 (21.03.2024): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0088.
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Modern agriculture demands precise management of soil nutrition to optimize crop yield and minimize resource wastage. This presents a smart agriculture solution that utilizes an NPK sensor to monitor and regulate the levels of essential nutrients - Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) in soil. The system is designed to automatically adjust nutrient levels when they fall below optimal values. Integrating NPK sensors in agriculture soil nutrition management represents a significant advancement in precision farming. These sensors are designed to detect the levels of the essential nutrients in the soil accurately. When the nutrient levels fall below optimal thresholds, a signal is sent to open the corresponding solenoid valve, allowing for the precise application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium fertilizers. Solar panels are considered a clean energy source because they do not produce harmful emissions of greenhouse gases during electricity generation. They rely solely on sunlight, which is an abundant and renewable resource An LCD provides real-time information to farmers, offering insights into nutrient levels and helping them make informed decisions about fertilization.
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Panagos, Panos, Anna Muntwyler, Leonidas Liakos, Pasquale Borrelli, Irene Biavetti, Mariia Bogonos und Emanuele Lugato. „Phosphorus plant removal from European agricultural land“. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety 17, Nr. 1 (05.02.2022): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00003-022-01363-3.
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AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an important nutrient for all plant growth and it has become a critical and often imbalanced element in modern agriculture. A proper crop fertilization is crucial for production, farmer profits, and also for ensuring sustainable agriculture. The European Commission has published the Farm to Fork (F2F) Strategy in May 2020, in which the reduction of the use of fertilizers by at least 20% is among one of the main objectives. Therefore, it is important to look for the optimal use of P in order to reduce its pollution effects but also ensure future agricultural production and food security. It is essential to estimate the P budget with the best available data at the highest possible spatial resolution. In this study, we focused on estimating the P removal from soils by crop harvest and removal of crop residues. Specifically, we attempted to estimate the P removal by taking into account the production area and productivity rates of 37 crops for 220 regions in the European Union (EU) and the UK. To estimate the P removal by crops, we included the P concentrations in plant tissues (%), the crop humidity rates, the crop residues production, and the removal rates of the crop residues. The total P removal was about 2.55 million tonnes (Mt) (± 0.23 Mt), with crop harvesting having the larger contribution (ca. 94%) compared to the crop residues removal. A Monte-Carlo analysis estimated a ± 9% uncertainty. In addition, we performed a projection of P removal from agricultural fields in 2030. By providing this picture, we aim to improve the current P balances in the EU and explore the feasibility of F2F objectives.
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Hrynyk, I. V., A. M. Berdnikov, L. V. Potapenko und T. B. Milyutenko. „PHOSPHORUS PROBLEM IN AGRICULTURE OF POLISSYA REGION AND WAYS OF ITS SOLUTION“. Agriciltural microbiology 18 (31.03.2014): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.18.146-158.
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The paper covers the problem with phosphorus supply at crops cultivation on sod-podzolic soils of Polissya region. Issues of P2O5 renewal in the arable soil layer of sod-podzolic soils were reviewed together with the relationship between the phosphorus balance and crop rotation productivity, as well as role of biological preparation Polymyxobacteryn at periodic and additional application of technical phosphorus.
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Pathak, H., S. Mohanty, N. Jain und A. Bhatia. „Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium budgets in Indian agriculture“. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 86, Nr. 3 (25.06.2009): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9292-5.
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Ho, Goen E., und Suprihanto Notodarmojo. „Phosphorus movement through soils and groundwater: application of a time-dependent sorption model“. Water Science and Technology 31, Nr. 9 (01.05.1995): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0347.
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Pollution of groundwater, wetlands, rivers, estuaries and near shore waters by phosphorus is now fairly common due to run-off from agricultural areas and wastewater discharges. In the application of fertilisers in agriculture it has been observed that sandy soils result in high phosphorus concentrations in the run-off. On the other hand loamy soils result in less phosphorus run-off. Phosphate-phosphorus sorption by soils has been observed to be time dependent. A model has been developed to describe the movement of phosphorus through soils to take into account the processes of convection, dispersion and time-dependent sorption. The model enables prediction of phosphorus breakthrough in a soil column. A comparison is made of predicted breakthrough curves with results obtained using two types of soil: a sandy soil from Australia and a loamy soil from Indonesia. The model has direct application to field situations where phosphate-phosphorus moves vertically downward through the unsaturated zone to the water table, and horizontally through the groundwater aquifer. Parameters of the model can potentially be derived from simple batch sorption experiments.
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Kruopienė, Jolita, Inga Gurauskienė und Aušra Randė. „Phosphorus Flow Analysis in Lithuania“. Sustainability 16, Nr. 14 (14.07.2024): 6001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16146001.
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Substance flow analysis was used to analyze phosphorus (P) flows, accumulations and losses in Lithuania. P and phosphate rock are included in the list of EU critical raw materials, showing their importance for the EU economy, especially agriculture, and supply risks. It is important to minimize P losses as much as possible, avoid inefficient use, and maximize the potential of secondary P. The analysis showed Lithuania’s huge dependence on P imports, which occurred because one of the largest P fertilizer factories operates in the country, and the country also grows and exports a significant amount of cereals. In total, 69% of P addition to soil is from mineral fertilizers. The potential of secondary P is only partially used, mainly via manure, which constitutes 83% of the recycled P and adds 26% of P to agricultural soil. In total, 58% of P “waste” is either lost or accumulated, largely in phosphogypsum stacks. If this P was fully utilized, the country could reduce the current usage of mineral fertilizers by 71%; without P in phosphogypsum, the reduction would be just 7.2%. The P balance in Lithuanian soil is close to neutral. Agricultural leaching and erosion are the main reasons for P entering water bodies (78% of P) and, therefore, should be further reduced.
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Heyl, Katharine. „Reducing Phosphorus Input into the Baltic Sea—An Assessment of the Updated Baltic Sea Action Plan and Its Implementation through the Common Agricultural Policy in Germany“. Water 15, Nr. 2 (11.01.2023): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020315.
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The eutrophication of the Baltic Sea is a longstanding environmental issue which is caused by excessive nutrient input including phosphorus0. In response, neighbouring states of the Baltic Sea adopted the Helsinki Convention and the updated Baltic Sea Action Plan. The Helsinki Convention aims at the ecological restoration of the Baltic Sea. The updated Baltic Sea Action Plan summarises actions to achieve a good environmental status of the Baltic Sea. It lists the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU as supporting legislation. Against this backdrop, this article aims to assess the extent to which the measures of the Common Agricultural Policy in Germany (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) implement the agriculture actions of the updated Baltic Sea Action Plan and thereby contribute to the objective of the Helsinki Convention. To this end, a qualitative governance analysis is applied. Results show that the Common Agricultural Policy addresses most agriculture actions of the updated Baltic Sea Action Plan. Agri-environment climate commitments in particular have the potential to reduce phosphorus input into the Baltic Sea. However, their potential will likely be offset by (1) unclear uptake due to voluntariness, (2) limited funding and (3) continuation instead of real reform of the Common Agricultural Policy. These shortcomings are supplemented by weak actions of the updated Baltic Sea Action Plan. Therefore, other effective policy instruments at the EU level are needed.
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Anastassakis, G. „Relationship between phosphates mineralogy and mineral processing - The case of Greece“. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, Nr. 4 (21.12.2016): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10999.
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Phosphorus is one of the most important elements for life and growth of plants, animals and humans. Its absence or depletion from the soil necessitates their addition in the form of fertilizers. The only realistic source of elemental phosphorus and phosphoric fertilizers on commercial scale is phosphate rock. The importance of phosphate rocks becomes greater by taking into account that phosphorus can’t be obtained by recycling processes as well as that there are no substitutes for it in agriculture. In most cases, phosphate deposits have to be processed in order to meet the commercial requirements. In the current paper, it is presented the various forms of phosphate deposits, the participating minerals in each case and the effect of mineralogical composition on the beneficiation method applied. Finally, details on the phosphate deposits of Greece are presented, their mineralogy, and the possibility of their beneficiation.
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Georgievskiy, Alexey F., und Viktoriya M. Bugina. „Actual situation and prospects for the development of the phosphate-raw material base of Russia“. RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 21, Nr. 3 (15.12.2020): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-3-197-207.
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The article analyzes the state of the phosphate raw material base in Russia and its role in the economic development of the country and in domestic agriculture especially. The problems that prevent the creation of a modern powerful phosphate production capable of satisfying the existing demands of agriculture in phosphoric mineral fertilizers are highlighted. The possible directions of the development of the phosphorus industry in the regions for the near and distant prospects are analyzed. The aim of the article is to analyze the current state of the domestic mineral resource base to produce phosphorus fertilizers, the acute shortage of which hinders the development of the country's agriculture. Actual base for research was mainly processed materials from specialized scientific articles and publicly available publications. In addition, data collected by the authors during thirty years of studying phosphorite deposits in Russia and foreign countries were involved. The analysis of published materials of leading Russian producers of phosphorus products, mining companies, databases of specialized federal and regional geological companies. It is concluded that before the country's geological services, the most important task remains to identify deposits of high-quality phosphate ores, and especially in Siberia and the Russian Far East. Significant prospects for the development of these regions are opened by the Northern Sea Route. The planned pace of its development offers unique opportunities for the economic development of the Taimyr-Anabar region, where huge resources of apatite-bearing carbonatites of the Tomptor alkaline massif and Meimech-Kotuy province are concentrated.
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Kumar, Guguloth Shiva, Biswarup Mehera, Prateek Kumar und Gandla Suresh Kumar. „Effect of Nano Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Groundnut Varieties (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Yield Prediction over SPSS Model“. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, Nr. 10 (18.08.2023): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102690.
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The experiment was conducted during the Summer season 2022, at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj (U.P.) to find out the “Effect of Nano phosphorus on growth and yield of different varieties of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Yield validation using SPSS model”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 9 treatments which include 3 varieties Kadiri Lepakshi (K1812), Kadiri 6 (K6) and Kadiri 9 (K9) and 3 Different levels of nano phosphorous 2ml/litre, 4ml/litre and 6m/litre. Whose effect is observed in Ground nut varieties The result was observed in K-1812 by the application of nano phosphorus at the rate of 6 ml/lit was recorded maximum plant height (61.39 cm), plant dry weight (42.34 g/plant), number of pods per plant (32.87), seed index (42.09 g), pod yield (2.98 t/ha) and haulm yield (4.46 t/ha) and harvest index (40.07 %) were recorded in K-1812 with application of Nano phosphorus at the rate of 6 ml/lit respectively. At the same time higher gross return (1,25,307.00 INR/ha), net return (88,467.35 INR/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.40).Treatment 3 has shown 42.28% increase over predicted yield where as there were 10.88% increase in treatment 7 over predicted yield through SPSS model.
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Zhang, Gucheng, Guicheng Xue, Ming Ruan, Yusheng He, Di Lin und Sumin Du. „Phosphorus Species, Influencing and Release Risks Assessment in Mangrove Wetland Sediments of Dongzhai Harbor on Hainan Island, China“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 21 (02.11.2022): 14344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114344.
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Mangrove wetlands are superior sites for the deposition of various pollutants, but they are also more susceptible to environmental contamination. To investigate the health threats of phosphorus to mangrove ecosystems, this study presents the distribution, chemical speciation and factors influencing phosphorus (P) forms in 38 surface sediments from the mangrove wetlands of Dongzhai Harbor on Hainan Island, China. P forms were measured using the sequential extraction (SEDEX) procedures. The results showed that the total phosphorus content in the sediment was at a high level, and there was a significant spatial variability of phosphorus in each form. Among them, inorganic phosphorus accounted for 74.64% of the total phosphorus, and organic phosphorus accounted for 25.35% of the total phosphorus. Among the inorganic phosphorus, detrital limestone phosphorus and Ca-bound phosphorus were dominant, while the content of exchangeable phosphorus and Fe-bound phosphorus had a smaller percentage. The concentration of biologically available phosphorus, ranged from 1.76 umol/g to 18.57 umol/g, and the Fe-bound and organic forms of phosphorus had a controlling effect on it. Based on Corg/OP, N/P and land use surveys, it was concluded that phosphorus was mainly an exogenous input. The correlation analysis concluded that the main sources of phosphorus in the study area are agriculture and aquaculture. The development of agriculture and aquaculture led to moderate levels of phosphorus pollution in the study area as a whole, with more serious a phosphorus pollution at the wetland park in the southeast corner of Dongzhai Harbor and in the western areas, with lush vegetation and developed river systems, mainly influenced by human activities, topography, vegetation and water system conditions.
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Pereira-Dias, Leandro, Daniel Gil-Villar, Vincente Castell-Zeising, Ana Quiñones, Ángeles Calatayud, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo und Ana Fita. „Main Root Adaptations in Pepper Germplasm (Capsicum spp.) to Phosphorus Low-Input Conditions“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 5 (01.05.2020): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050637.
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Agriculture will face many challenges regarding food security and sustainability. Improving phosphorus use efficiency is of paramount importance to face the needs of a growing population while decreasing the toll on the environment. Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is widely cultivated around the world; hence, any breakthrough in this field would have a major impact in agricultural systems. Herein, the response to phosphorus low-input conditions is reported for 25 pepper accessions regarding phosphorus use efficiency, biomass and root traits. Results suggest a differential response from different plant organs to phosphorus starvation. Roots presented the lowest phosphorus levels, possibly due to mobilizations towards above-ground organs. Accessions showed a wide range of variability regarding efficiency parameters, offering the possibility of selecting materials for different inputs. Accessions bol_144 and fra_DLL showed an interesting phosphorus efficiency ratio under low-input conditions, whereas mex_scm and sp_piq showed high phosphorus uptake efficiency and mex_pas and sp_bola the highest values for phosphorus use efficiency. Phosphorus low-input conditions favored root instead of aerial growth, enabling increases of root total length, proportion of root length dedicated to fine roots and root specific length while decreasing roots’ average diameter. Positive correlation was found between fine roots and phosphorus efficiency parameters, reinforcing the importance of this adaptation to biomass yield under low-input conditions. This work provides relevant first insights into pepper’s response to phosphorus low-input conditions.
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Church, Clinton D., Robert S. Hedin, Ray B. Bryant, Amy G. Wolfe, John T. Spargo, Kyle R. Elkin, Lou S. Saporito und Peter J. A. Kleinman. „Phosphorus Runoff from Soils Receiving Liquid Dairy and Swine Manures Amended with Mine Drainage Residual“. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, Nr. 2 (2021): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13715.
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HighlightsConcern over nutrient runoff from agriculture has prompted research to limit phosphorus (P) mobility.Mine drainage residuals (MDRs) can reduce phosphorus solubility in soils, sediments and liquid manure slurries.MDR amendment resulted in lower dissolved phosphorus in runoff from sites treated with dairy manure slurry, but not with swine manure slurry.This study underscores the value of testing under field conditions before making recommendations.Abstract. Concern over nutrient runoff from agriculture has prompted considerable research on amendments to limit phosphorus (P) solubility of manure slurries and P mobility following land application of the slurry. The concept of solving one industry’s problem with another industry’s problem is attractive, but successful examples are uncommon. Mine drainage residual (MDR), generated from the process of neutralizing acid discharge from coal mines, has been shown to reduce soluble P in soils, sediments and manure slurries. We therefore sought to test whether amending manure slurries with MDR was effective at reducing P in runoff once that slurry was applied to agricultural soils. A series of simulated rainfall experiments revealed that amending dairy manure slurry with MDR resulted in significantly less flow weighted dissolved P concentrations and loads in runoff. However, the same effect was not observed with runoff from soils amended with swine manure slurry, despite a greater reduction of water extractable P in swine manure slurry with MDR addition than in dairy manure slurry. This study underscores the value of testing amendments under field conditions before making manure management recommendations. Keywords: Manure, Phosphorus, Mine drainage residual, Engineered treatment, Simulated rainfall.