Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Phosphatic fertilizers Evaluation“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Phosphatic fertilizers Evaluation":
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Rojas, John, Julian Quintero, Yhors Ciro und Javier Silva. „Comparative Evaluation of Sonicated Shrimp Waste Hydrolysates as Potential Fertilizers for Legumes“. HortScience 54, Nr. 9 (September 2019): 1585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14103-19.
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The global annual production of shrimp is nearly 4.8 million metric tons, generating almost half this weight in waste. The aim of this study was to assess the development and crop production of legumes fertilized with alkaline sonicated shrimp waste under greenhouse conditions. Plants were grown separately under the following fertilization regimes: untreated soil, untreated cotton substrate, two commercial fertilizers [commercial organic fertilizer (COF) and commercial synthetic fertilizer (CSF)], and shrimp waste having hydrolysis degrees of 0%, 15%, 18%, and 25%. Electrical conductivity of shrimp-based fertilizers (SBFs) decreased with hydrolysis degree. However, pH (6.7–6.9), densification (0.2–0.3 g·cm–3) and conductivity (10–21 µS·cm–1) of soil was unaffected by fertilization. Furthermore, CSF had the greatest ionic exchange capability. Sonolysis resulted in an assimilable source of C, N, and O, mainly derived from carbohydrates and proteins, and increased the availability of minerals such as Ca and phosphate. The greatest plant growth in both legumes was achieved when treated with CSF, whereas the raw shrimp waste caused a beneficial plant growth and crop yield mainly for Phaseolus vulgaris. All fertilizers showed typical type II isotherms, and soil substrate per se exhibited the largest water uptake. The soil microbiota increased during the growing cycle and then decreased as the reproductive phase started. In fact, soil planted with Phaseolus vulgaris showed a greater microbial population than Pisium sativum. These shrimp waste hydrolysates can be used as alternative organic soil fertilizers and are suggested as substitutes for synthetic fertilizers.
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Shiri, Manochehr, Morteza Kamrani und Asghar Ebadi. „Evaluation of integrated nitrogen and phosphorous management using the TT biplot method in soybean“. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 65, Nr. 1 (2020): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2001019s.
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To investigate the effects of integrated nutrient management on oil, protein, grain yield and some traits of soybean, we conducted a factorial experiment involving 4 bio-fertilizer (no inoculation, inoculation with Barvar-2, inoculation with Biosoy and dual inoculation with Biosoy and Barvar-2) and 3 chemical fertilizer levels (no chemical fertilizer, 66 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphates + 50 kg ha-1 urea, 132 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphates + 100 kg ha-1 urea) with 100% chemical fertilizer (200 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphates + 150 kg ha-1 urea) as control base in a randomized complete block with four replications at the research farm of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran. Analysis of variance showed that treatment combinations affected most of the traits (P>0.01). We used the biplot analysis as the treatment ? trait (TT) biplot to determine the best treatment combinations and traits. The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained 94 and 96% of the total variant of the standardized data in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Accordingly, application of Biosoy and 150 kg ha-1 urea + 200 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphate significantly increased stem height at harvest, number of grains per plant, biomass, hundred-grain weight, oil and protein yield, protein percent and grain yield compared to the other treatment combinations. The results showed that there were positive correlations between these traits. Also, non-inoculated plants and no chemical fertilizer treatments significantly increased oil percent. The results indicate that higher-yielding treatment combinations had lower oil percent. The biplot was used for ranking of treatment combinations based on a single trait. These study results suggest that bio-fertilizers had a positive influence on soybean and that they could diminish the use of chemical fertilizers. The study reveals that the TT biplot was able to graphically show the interrelationships between traits and support visual comparison of treatments.
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Hall, William L., und Sanford Siegel. „Evaluation of Commonly Used Methods for the Analysis of Acid-Soluble Phosphate in Internationally Traded Inorganic Fertilizers“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 97, Nr. 3 (01.05.2014): 742–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.13-376.
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Abstract Several methodologies are used throughout the world to determine phosphate concentration (measured as PO4 and expressed as % P2O5) in fertilizers. Concentrated phosphate materials, including diammonium phosphate (DAP) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP), are traded in large volumes (millions of metric tons) internationally. The International Fertilizer Association (IFA) identified a need to assess the methods currently being used to measure the phosphate content for suitability (scope), accuracy, and repeatability. Even small discrepancies in the expressed P2O5 content can have a major financial impact on buyers and sellers as contracts are settled and import regulations are imposed. The IFA's Technical Committee selected a working group to address issues dealing with harmonization of fertilizer sampling and analytical methodologies. The working group identified phosphate content in DAP and MAP fertilizers as a major concern for commerce. The working group initiated a method screening and comparison project to assess method performance and to determine which methods, if any, could be considered best practice methods and, therefore, be deemed acceptable for use by the industry. In order to systematically review the acceptability of methods for consideration, the task force developed an assessment protocol outlined in a white paper involving three steps: (1) compile all known relevant methods practiced in global fertilizer trade, (2) review and evaluate methods based upon specific evaluation criteria, and (3) compare the methods that most closely fit the evaluation criteria by multilaboratory analysis of unknown materials for accuracy and repeatability. Six methods were evaluated for analysis of total phosphate in concentrated phosphate products. From these methods, four were determined to be acceptable as best practice methods. The study members proposed three of the methods, while a fourth method was commonly used among the participating laboratories. This publication is a summary of the method comparison process and statistical evaluation of analysis of total phosphate content in concentrated phosphate fertilizers.
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Thamaraiselvi, R,, und K. Arulmozhiselvan. „Fixation of soluble forms of fertilizer phosphorus in salt affected soils of Ramanathapuram and Trichy districts and acid soil of Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu“. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, Nr. 2 (10.06.2020): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.vi.2284.
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Soluble phosphorus (P) applied through phosphatic fertilizers is quickly converted into low soluble P compounds in soil. For evaluating fixation ability of P fertilizers laboratory incubation experiments were conducted with saline, sodic and acid soils. Phosphatic fertilizers selected were single super phosphate (SSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), monopotassium phosphate (MPP) and 19:19:19 N, P2O5, K2O % (All-19). Fixation of P was computed based on the amount of P recovered after addition of P in the soil in increasing levels. At a typical P addition at 16 kg ha-1 the results were compared in all soils. In saline soil, high fixation of P occurred when DAP (12.18 kg ha-1) and MPP (11.28 kg ha-1) were applied. In sodic soil, high fixation of P resulted when SSP (7.10 kg ha-1) was applied. In acid soil, high fixation of P occurred when All -19 (12.64 kg ha-1), MAP (12.40 kg ha-1), SSP (12.22 kg ha-1), and DAP (11.74 kg ha-1) were applied. With all forms of phosphatic fertilizers fixation of added P occurred to the extent of 57.9 to 79.0 per cent in acid soil, 55.0 to 70.5 per cent in saline soil and 25.5 to 44.4 per cent in sodic soil. In saline soil availability of P might be higher for SSP and All-19 compared to ammonium/ potassium phosphate fertilizers. On the other hand, MPP, MAP and All-19 may be preferably applied in sodic/ acid soils alternative to SSP or DAP for realizing higher P release in soils from added fertilizers for the benefit of crop utilization.
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Boyhan, George E., Reid L. Torrance, Ronald H. Blackley, M. Jefferson Cook und C. Randell Hill. „EVALUATION OF FERTILITY PRACTICES FOR VIDALIA ONIONS“. HortScience 40, Nr. 3 (Juni 2005): 885e—886. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.885e.
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Fertilizer rates of N, P, K were evaluated over 4 years (2000–03) as were different sources of experimental and commercial fertilizers. The highest total yields and yields of jumbos (≥7.6 cm) occurred with nitrogen rates of 140–168 kg·ha–1. Neither phosphorus nor potassium rates had an affect on total yield. Phosphorus rates of 0-147 kg·ha–1 and potassium rates of 0–177 kg·ha–1 were evaluated. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer resulted in increasing leaf tissue nitrogen, but did not affect P, K, Ca, or S. Increasing phosphorus fertilizer increased leaf tissue phosphorus only slightly (p = 0.060) with no affect on other leaf nutrient levels. Increasing potassium fertilizer did affect leaf tissue potassium 2 out of 4 years with none of the other leaf nutrient levels affected. Several fertilizers were also evaluated including an experimental fortified peat (10%N), calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, 5–10–15 (56 kg·ha–1 N), 18-6-8 liquid, 14–0–12 8%S liquid, 19–8–19 slow-release at rates of 140 and 168 kg·ha–1 nitrogen. All were used to supply 168 kg·ha–1 nitrogen unless noted otherwise. P and K were supplied according to soil test recommendations unless they were part of the fertilizer formulation. There were no differences between the different fertilizer sources for total yield and differences in jumbo yields only occurred one year out of three years of testing and for medium (≥5.1 and <7.6 cm) yields there were differences two years out of three years of testing.
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Boyhan, George E., Reid L. Torrance, David E. Curry, Pamela M. Lewis, Donna O. Linton und C. Randy Hill. „Evaluation of Transplant Fertility of Short-day Onions in Southeast Georgia“. HortScience 37, Nr. 4 (Juli 2002): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.4.651.
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Preplant levels of 5N-4.4P-12.4K (-5S or -9S) and sidedress applications of CaNO3 were evaluated in onion (Allium cepa L.). In addition, high phosphorus fertilizers 18N-20.1P-0K (diammonium phosphate) and liquid 10N-14.8P-0K were evaluated on sites with and without high residual phosphorus levels as well as their interaction with onion cultivars. Sidedress applications of CaNO3 had a significant effect on plant height and an interaction with preplant 5N-4.4P-12.4K fertilizer. There was a linear increase in plant height with increasing applications of 5N-4.4P-12.4K from 0 to 1569 kg·ha-1 with the CaNO3 applications. Neither 5N-4.4P-12.4K nor CaNO3 applications affected stand count. 5N-4.4P-12.4K fertilizer had significant linear effects on tissue potassium and sulfur. Tissue nitrogen and calcium increased with CaNO3 applications while phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur decreased. CaNO3 also had a positive effect on suitability for transplanting. There was an interaction effect between 5N-4.4P-12.4K and CaNO3 for tissue phosphorus levels. There was a linear decrease in tissue phosphorus levels with increasing amounts of 5N-4.4P-12.4K fertilizer with the sidedress CaNO3 treatments. High phosphorus fertilizers applied directly after seeding had no effect on plant stand or plant height either on soils with or without high residual phosphorus in 1998. In 1999, 10N-14.8P-0K fertilizer had a significant effect on plant height while 18N-20.1P-0K did not. Based on this study, we conclude that additional applications of high phosphorus fertilizers applied post seeding are not required due to the relatively warm conditions found in southeast Georgia in September. There were differences between cultivars, but cultivar× high phosphorus fertilizer interactions were nonsignificant.
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Souza, Henrique Antunes de, Maria Diana Melo Araújo, Vinícius de Melo Benites, Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu, Fernando Lisboa Guedes, William Natale, Ane Caroline Melo und Luiz Fernando Carvalho Leite. „Agronomic Efficiency and Productivity of Sorghum in Response to Fertilizers With Different Phosphorus Solubilities in Greenhouse Conditions“. Journal of Agricultural Science 11, Nr. 17 (15.10.2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n17p177.
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The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil, to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizers with different solubilities on the cultivation of sorghum in a Luvisol. The experimental design comprised randomized blocks in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme (two genotypes and five phosphorus treatments plus the control, without phosphorus). The treatments were: monoammonium phosphate, triple superphosphate, sheep manure, organic compost based on livestock residues, and organomineral fertilizer. Three blocks were used, and each plot comprised composed of a pot containing two plants. Sixty-five days after germination, the plants were harvested for evaluation of biometric data, biomass, accumulation of nutrients in the aerial part, soil fertility, agronomic efficiency index of the phosphate fertilizers and triple superphosphate equivalent. The organomineral and triple superphosphate fertilizers had the highest agronomic efficiency for production of sorghum biomass. The more soluble sources (organomineral, triple superphosphate and monoammonium phosphate) enabled a better phosphorus recovery rate and physiological efficiency than the sources with low solubility.
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Diallo, Adama, Boubacar Traore, Souleymane Dambe, Sanata Traore, Antoine Padou Diarra, Hamidou Konare, Brahima B. Traore, Mama Plea und Lars Erickson. „Evaluation de l’impact de l’utilisation du diammonium phosphate sur la disponibilité du zinc dans un sol rizicole au Mali“. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, Nr. 7 (07.12.2020): 2629–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i7.21.
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L’utilisation des fertilisants chimiques dans l’agriculture s’est fortement accentuée ce dernier temps au Mali. En effet l’apport régulier du diammonium phosphate (DAP) peut influencer la mobilité du zinc, car les phosphates fixent cet élément. L’étude a pour but d’évaluer l’impact de l’utilisation de ce fertilisant phosphaté sur la disponibilité du zinc. Ainsi pour la caractérisation, l’échantillon est analysé par plusieurs méthodes physico-chimiques : la diffraction des rayons X et la microscopie électronique à balayage. Des essais d’absorption ont été réalisés avec cinq pots numérotés (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4) contenant chacun 1 kg d’échantillon auxquels a été ajouté respectivement 0 ; 2 ; 4 ; 8 et 10 g du fertilisant. D’autres essais ont été conduits avec 3 g d’échantillons prélevés dans le pot P4, auxquels ont été appliqué respectivement 150 ppm, 300 ppm, 450 ppm et 600 ppm de zinc. Il ressort de ce travail que la quantité de Zn retenu est proportionnelle à celle du DAP et que la limite (rétention en 21 jours) = 499,9993 ppm > limite (rétention en 15 jours) = 499,9991 ppm > limite (rétention en 7 jours) = 499,9990 ppm > limite (rétention en 1 jour) = 499,9980 ppm. Cette étude a montré que le diammonium phosphate retient le zinc et influence donc sa biodisponibilité.Mots clés : Sol rizicole, Pana au Mali, rétention du zinc, impact de l’utilisation, Diammonium phosphate.
English Title: Estimate the impact of phosphate diammonium usage on the availability of zinc in a rice producing soil in Mali
The use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture has highly increased this last time in Mali. In fact the regular contribution of DAP can influence the mobility of zinc, because the phosphate fix this element. The object of this study is to estimate the impact of this phosphate fertilizer on the availability of zinc. So for the characterization, the sample is analysed through several physico-chemical methods: the X rays diffraction and the sweeping electronic microscopy. Some absorbing tests have been carried out with five numbered pots (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4) containing each 1 kg of sample to which has been added respectively 0; 2; 4; 8 and 10 g of the fertilizer. Other tests have conducted with 3 g samples removed from the pot P4, to which has been applied respectively 150 ppm, 300 ppm, 450 ppm and 600 ppm of zinc. As a result of the work the quantity of zinc retained is proportional to the one of DAP and the limit (retention in 21 days) = 499.9993 ppm > limit (retention in 15 days) = 499.9991 ppm > limit (retention in 7 days) = 499.9990 ppm > limit (retention in 1 day) = 499.9980 ppm. This study has shown that the phosphate diammonium retains the zinc and influences in this case its bioavailability.Keywords: Rice producing soil, Pana in Mali, zinc retention, the impact of the usage, phosphate diammonium.
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Lefroy, RDB, M. Dana und GJ Blair. „A glasshouse evaluation of sulfur fertilizer sources for crops and pastures. III. Soluble and non-soluble sulfur and phosphorus sources for pastures“. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, Nr. 7 (1994): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9941525.
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Decreasing terms of trade of animal producers and increasing awareness of environmental problems associated with fertilizer use has resulted in increased emphasis on improving fertilizer use efficiency. Elemental S and reactive phosphate rock offer two sources of fertilizers with slower nutrient release rates than gypsum or monocalcium phosphate. A randomized block experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions. Undisturbed soil cores of an Aquic Haplustalf soil were oversown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens, L.), and a factorial combination of two S sources (elemental S and gypsum), two P sources (triple superphosphate, (TSP), or North Carolina reactive phosphate rock (RPR), two methods of S and P application (S mixed with granulated TSP or RPR and S coated onto TSP or granulated RPR). An unfertilized control (C) was included in order to calculate fertilizer S recovery using the 35S reverse dilution technique. Pots were either watered to field capacity (NL) or watered to 25% excess to promote leaching (L). Harvests of tops were made at 4 or 8 weekly intervals up to 96 weeks after application when the pots were destructively harvested. Yields were lower in the leached than the unleached pots between weeks 8 and 44 where TSP or G was applied. Clover yields were initially highest with G, but elemental S gave more sustained production. Yields and P content of tops were lower with RPR than TSP up to week 36. Recovery of fertilizer S was higher in the TSP than RPR treatments up to week 24. Leaching losses of S were higher from G than elemental S sources up to week 17 and were higher where TSP was the P source. Manipulation of P and S source has been shown to improve the efficiency of utilization of the applied fertilizers.
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Kulczycki, Grzegorz, Elżbieta G. Magnucka, Małgorzata P. Oksińska, Jolanta Kucińska, Rafał Kobyłecki, Katarzyna Pawęska, Robert Zarzycki, Andrzej Kacprzak und Stanisław J. Pietr. „The Effect of Various Types of Biochar Mixed with Mineral Fertilization on the Development and Ionome of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedlings and Soil Properties in a Pot Experiment“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 12 (02.12.2020): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121903.
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This paper focuses on the agronomic evaluation of a synthetic NPK (N in the form of urea, P and K in the form of phosphate monopotassium) fertilizers blended with four types of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood biochar prepared at different thermal regimes (300 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C). The evaluation of benefits was done based on crop nutritional status and soil fertility. The pot experiment was set up with fertile Haplic Luvisol fertilized with 1.85 g kg−1 of blends of biochar (1.25 g) with urea (310 mg) and KH2PO4 (290 mg), which is equivalent to 500 kg ha−1 (biochar ~67.6%; N ~7.8%; P ~3.6%; K ~4.7%) applied before sowing. Only NPK blends made with biochar containing 75% or 85% carbon increased the biomass of 27-day old wheat seedlings from 12% to 20% in comparison to NPK applied alone. These blends raised the content of Mn and Fe in plants but decreased the contents of Ca and Mg. All the tested mixtures enhanced soil fertility by increasing the content of humic acids. Additionally, the content of potentially phytotoxic phenolic compounds was lower. In general, the addition of biochar to NPK fertilizer did not show a negative effect on crop quality. The overall results of the study suggest that the application of low doses of biochar to synthetic fertilizer can benefit crops and can support soil fertility.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Phosphatic fertilizers Evaluation":
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Fleming, Nigel Kevin. „Polyphosphates and microbial uptake of phosphorus : studies with soil and solution culture“. Title page, contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09af598.pdf.
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Yusiharni, Baiq Emielda. „An evaluation of chicken litter ash, wood ash and slag for use as lime and phosphate soil amendments“. University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0078.
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[Truncated abstract] Standard AOAC methods of chemical analysis have been used to characterize and evaluate the industrial byproducts; partly burnt chicken litter ash (CLA), totally burnt chicken litter ash (CLAT), wood ash (WA) and iron smelting slag for use as a combined liming agent and phosphate fertilizer. Rock phosphate has this function and was included for comparison purposes. All the byproducts had pH values above 9 and a liming capacity above 90% of pure lime, as a result, these materials will be effective as liming agents. Total P concentrations for CLA, CLAT, slag, and WA were 3.6%, 4.75%, 0.26%, and 0.44% respectively indicating that they could be used as P fertilizers when applied at the high rates required for liming soils. ... The RE values for all the materials relative to monocalcium phosphate (100%) for the first harvest are as follows, 50% for dicalcium phosphate, 31% for rock phosphate, 7% for partly burnt chicken litter ash, 7% for totally burnt chicken litter ash and 1% for wood ash and slag. The RE values for the second harvest were 100% for monocalcium phosphate, 80% for dicalcium phosphate, 40% for rock phosphate, 10% for partly burnt chicken litter ash, 8% for totally burnt chicken litter ash and 2% for wood ash and slag. Data for subsequent harvests are not reported due to the death of many plants. Clearly chicken litter ash has appreciable value as a phosphate fertilizer whereas wood ash and slag are ineffective. Explanations for these differences in effectiveness are discussed in the text. An evaluation of the liming effect of the byproducts indicates that they may be used as a soil amendment on acid soils and are nearly as effective as standard lime (CaCO3). Byproducts are also sources of other plant nutrients so they may be regarded as a form of compound fertilizer and liming agent.
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Maria, Aoun. „Development of Analytical methods for the evaluation of the impact of phosphate fertilizer industry on marine environment“. Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3033.
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Développement de méthodes analytiques pour l’évaluation de l'impact de l'industrie de fertilisants chimiques sur le milieu marinDevelopment of Analytical methods for the evaluation of the impact of phosphate fertilizer industry on marine environment
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Thurston, Molly Adair. „Identification of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and evaluation of their application with insoluble phosphorus fertilizers to soils from certified organic orchards affected by replant disease“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44949.
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Replant disease (RD) affects the growth and establishment of young fruit trees in old orchard soils. Organic management strategies are needed as an alternative to chemical controls. Improved phosphorus (P) nutrition to stimulate root growth and improve tree establishment is a well-established strategy; however, only insoluble Rock Phosphate (RP) and Bone Meal (BM) inputs are available to Canadian organic growers. The ability of specific plant growth promoting rhizobacteria to solubilize phosphate may improve P availability and its uptake in young apple trees, replanted into inoculated orchards. In this study, 101 bacteria isolated from the roots of legumes from Saskatchewan soils were screened for P solubilization. Thirty-four of these bacteria were positive for P solubilization as measured by halo diameter production on calcium phosphate medium. Twelve isolates showing the largest halo diameters and three known P solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were compared on three media: calcium phosphate, Pikovskaya (PVK) and PVK with bromophenol blue. All twelve isolates previously identified as Pseudomonas, Rhanella, Serratia and Klebsiella spp. solubilized P on all media, although the halo diameters varied among media. The isolates were tested in liquid culture, where a marked decrease in the pH of the solution was observed and six isolates were identified for further testing in growth pouch assays in the presence of insoluble P. The root growth of apple seedlings inoculated with one of the six bacterial isolates, showed significant increases in total root length, surface area and the number of root tips compared to the control after four weeks of incubation. Three isolates were selected for greenhouse bioassays using five RD-affected soils collected from organic orchards. These isolates were inoculated onto apple trees, alone or in combination with RP or BM. Two field trials were simultaneously conducted in organic apple orchards, using
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the same treatments; however there were no significant effects of the isolate treatments in either set of experiments. Although the strongest P solubilizers did not enhance tree growth in the greenhouse and orchard trials, the in vitro work showed the potential of PSB as a tool to mitigate the impact of RD.
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Guaya, Caraguay Diana Elizabeth. „Evaluation of phosphate and ammonium removal and valorization from urban waste waters by impregnated metal hydrated oxides inorganic natural zeolites“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461091.
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Phosphate and ammonium removal from waste water by adsorption using inorganic natural sorbents has been identified as a promising technology. The advantages of this methodology are associated with its availability and effective low cost.
Some natural and synthetic zeolite materials have been used for the individual phosphate and ammonium removal from aqueous solutions. The zeolites revealed high affinity for ammonium removal. However, some modifications stages are indispensable to enhance their oxyanionic sorption capacity to achieve high phosphate removal ratios. So, it is highly desirable to obtain a single sorbent for both cation and anion removal capacity from aqueous solutions. For this purpose, a natural zeolite with clinoptilolite as major mineral phase, was impregnated with metallic oxyhydroxides after conversion to the sodium form. As a result, hydrated metal oxides (HMO) of Al, Fe and Mn were immobilized on the zeolite surface structure.
The efficiency of aluminium, iron and manganese hydrated metal oxides was individually evaluated for the simultaneous phosphate and ammonium removal from aqueous solutions through batch and continuous mode assays using a granular natural zeolite sample. High selectivity was developed by modified zeolites towards these species in the presence of competing ions commonly present in urban and industrial waste waters. The regeneration assays demonstrated the limited use of modified zeolites in operational cycles as losses of the hydrated metal oxide along within the operation cycles will require re-impregnation stages. Then, an alternative option for final valorization of ammonium and phosphate is the use of the loaded zeolites as soil amendment for agricultural and forestry purposes or for environmental rehabilitation of degraded soils.
Therefore, a second approach could be to use the impregnated zeolites as nutrients carriers, improving their fertilizing properties by including potassium. For this purpose, powder samples of the natural zeolite in the potassium form were impregnated with the metallic oxyhydroxides and were enriched on nutrients (N,P,K) by using treated waters from the secondary effluent from "El Prat" Waste Water Treatment Plant using batch mode assays. The N-P-K release rates of the enriched zeolite samples were determined by column test using mixtures with three different types of agricultural soils.La recuperación de fosfato y amonio de agua residual mediante adsorción usando adsorbentes inorgánicos naturales ha sido identificado como una tecnología muy prometedora. Las ventajas de esta metodología se asocian a la amplia disponibilidad de adsorbentes de este tipo y su bajo costo. Algunos materiales zeolíticos naturales y sintéticos han sido usados para la adsorción individual de fosfato y amonio de soluciones acuosas. Las zeolitas revelan alta afinidad para la adsorción de amonio. Sin embargo, algunas etapas de modificación son indispensables para incrementar la capacidad de adsorción oxianiónica y conseguir altas tasas de adsorción de fosfato. Entonces, resulta conveniente obtener un solo adsorbente para la adsorción simultánea de cationes y aniones de soluciones acuosas. Con este propósito, una zeolita natural que contiene clinoptilolita como mayor fase mineralógica, se impregnó con hidróxidos metálicos después de su conversión a la forma sódica. Como resultado, los óxidos metálicos hidratados (HMO) de Al, Fe and Mn fueron inmovilizados en la superficie de la estructura zeolítica. La eficiencia de los óxidos metálicos hidratados de aluminio, hierro y manganeso fue evaluada individualmente para la adsorción simultánea de fosfatos y amonio de soluciones acuosas mediante ensayos por lotes y en continuo usando una zeolita en forma granular. Una alta selectividad fue demostrada por parte de las zeolitas modificadas respecto a la adsorción de estas especies en presencial de iones competidores comúnmente existentes en aguas residuales urbanas e industriales. Los ensayos de regeneración demostraron el uso limitado de las zeolitas modificadas en continuo así como también la pérdida de los óxidos metálicos hidratados con cada ciclo de operación puesto que requiere de una nueva impregnación en cada etapa. Entonces, una opción alternativa para la final valorización de fosfato y amonio es el uso de las zeolitas saturadas como material de mejoramiento de suelos con propósitos agrícolas o también para la rehabilitación de suelos degradados. Es así que se evidencia una oportunidad en el uso de zeolitas impregnadas como transportadores de nutrientes, de tal forma que mejoren las propiedades fertilizantes mediante la inclusión de potasio. Para cumplir con este objetivo, la zeolita natural en polvo se impregnaron con oxihidróxidos metálicos que fueron enriquecidos con nutrientes esenciales (N, P, K) usándolas para tratar aguas residuales provenientes de efluentes secundarios, específicamente de la Planta de Tratamiento de Agua Residual "El Prat" usando ensayos por lotes. Las tasas de liberación de N-P-K de las zeolitas enriquecidas se determinaron mediante pruebas en columna usándolas como aditivos en tres tipos diferentes de suelos agrícolas.
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Nongqwenga, Nqaba. „Evaluation of struvite from source-separated urine as a phosphate fertilizer“. Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9710.
Annotation:
The potential shortage of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is a threat to food security and closing the nutrient loop through recycling human excreta, especially urine, has been considered, so as to mitigate this crisis. Struvite (magnesium, ammonium phosphate), a material derived from human urine, is a product which is gaining credence with regards to using urine as a P amendment since more than 90% of P in urine can be captured during struvite production. A study to evaluate the potential of struvite as a P amendment in three contrasting soils was conducted. The soils used were an A horizon of Inanda (Ia), A horizon Sepane (Se) and an E horizon of Cartref (Cf).
Phosphate adsorption properties of the soils were studied and the Freundlich model used to derive sorption parameters. From these studies, Pmax was related to the Kf parameter of the Freundlich equation. Two sets of incubation studies were then conducted. The first ran for 122 days and the second for 22 days to examine in closer detail the early stages of dissolution of the struvite as the major P release occurred during this time period of the incubation. A pot experiment was conducted in a controlled environment so as to determine the effect of P released from struvite on maize growth.
The Ia, with high content of iron and aluminum oxides, displayed high sorption and affinity for P, whereas soil texture was a principal factor in the sorption properties of the Se (clayey) and Cf (sandy). The Kf decreased in the order Ia > Se > Cf and external P requirements decreased in the order Se > Ia > Cf. In the incubation studies solution P content increased with an increase in application rate of struvite. Struvite dissolution and P release varied between the different soils and the dissolution was found to be related to the P adsorption maximum of each individual soil and soil pH. The magnesium content also increased with time.
In the glasshouse study, drymatter yield after six weeks growth was improved by the addition of struvite. There were no benefits achieved by using more than the recommended application rates for each soil. Struvite was as effective as conventional single superphosphate in the Ia and Cf, while superphosphate outperformed struvite on the Se. The findings of this study suggest that struvite has the potential to release P in an available form although its effectiveness and
capability to release P could depend on soil pH, exchangeable acidity and initial P levels. Further research needs to focus on the effect of pH on struvite dissolution, the effect of struvite on soil pH, as well as comparison of nutrient release patterns between struvite and rock phosphate.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.
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HWU, MEEI-SHAN, und 胡美珊. „Rapid chemical testing method for evaluating fertilizer efficiency of rock phosphate and the transformation of rock phosphate in different soils“. Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18506364381525452549.
Bücher zum Thema "Phosphatic fertilizers Evaluation":
1
Chien, S. H. Agronomic evaluation of partially acidulated phosphate rocks in the tropics: IFDC's experience. Muscle Shoals, Ala: International Fertilizer Development Center, 1988.
2
Henao, Julio. An evaluation of strategies to use indigenous and imported sources of phosphorus to improve soil fertility and land productivity in Mali. Muscle Shoals, Ala: International Fertilizer Development Center, 1999.
3
Technology Absorption and Adaptation Scheme (India), India. Dept. of Scientific & Industrial Research. und National Workshop on Technology Evaluation & Performance Norms in Fertilizer Industry (1989 : New Delhi, India), Hrsg. Technology evaluation in phosphatic fertilizer industry: A report prepared under Technology Absorption and Adaptation Scheme. New Delhi: Dept. of Scientific & Industrial Research, Ministry of Science & Technology, 1989.
4
Baanante, Carlos A., und Julio Henao. An Evaluation of Strategies to Use Indigenous and Imported Sources of Phosphorus to Improve Soil Fertility and Land Productivity in Mali (Technical Bulletin ... Fertilizer Development Center), T-49.). International Fertilizer Development Center, 1998.
Buchteile zum Thema "Phosphatic fertilizers Evaluation":
1
Bationo, A., S. K. Mughogho und U. Mokwunye. „Agronomic evaluation of phosphate fertilizers in tropical Africa“. In Management of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers in Sub-Saharan Africa, 283–318. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4398-8_10.