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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Philosophical Decision Theory“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Philosophical Decision Theory"
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Sandul, G. O., O. G. Sandul und A. O. Bulgakov. „On the Nuclear Decision-Making Theory“. Nuclear and Radiation Safety, Nr. 4(80) (03.12.2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2018.4(80).10.
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The study is devoted to the decision-making theory, its philosophical foundations and certain algorithms of practical activities. The paper is focused on activities in the field of nuclear industry.
The functioning of a technologically complex and large enterprise, for example, a nuclear power plant, is impossible without a complex management system, and the decision-making process is one of its elements. This paper is the primary description of the topic and its goal is to formulate approaches to several questions: why do we need a decision-making theory in general, how do we evaluate the correctness of an already made decision.
The significance of mathematical calculations in decision-making theory is described. The paper defines the basic terms that are used or will be used in the future, such as: methodology, technology, process, risk, human factor. The theoretical (philosophical) foundations that formed the basis of the decision-making doctrine are described, an attempt is made to answer the question why it is needed and by whom this theory is used and for what purpose. The connection between decision-making with the human factor is formulated. The distinction between the concepts of “decision” (as already existing) and “making decision” (as a complex process, a system of management actions, forecasting options and choosing between them) is described.
Certain procedures are presented in the implementation of the decisionmaking process in order to show possible approaches, stages and decisionmaking techniques, as well as the readiness to implement a specific solution. The dependence (efficiency) of the management organization on the decisions made and their implementation is indicated. Besides, the paper sets forth the logic of making the “right” decisions based on “information”.
The authors conclude about the importance of applying the decisionmaking theory during the safety analysis and predicting the likely extreme situations at nuclear power facilities and the need to continuously improve the management structures.
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Murali, Komal Patel. „End of Life Decision-Making: Watson’s Theory of Human Caring“. Nursing Science Quarterly 33, Nr. 1 (03.12.2019): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894318419881807.
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The phenomenon of end-of-life (EOL) decision-making is a lived experience by which individuals or families make decisions about care they will receive prior to death. A postmodern philosophical approach suggests EOL decision-making is a varied contextual phenomenon that is highly influenced by subjectivity. Thus, there is no specific definition for the phenomenon of EOL decision-making. Watson’s theory of human caring complements a postmodern approach in guiding the nursing process of caring for individuals as they experience EOL decision-making.
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Morozov, Vladimir Alexandrovich. „Neuroeconomics in operational and managerial decision-making: a philosophical aspect“. Management and Business Administration, Nr. 3 (18.10.2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/2075-1826-2021-3-04-09.
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This article is devoted to a philosophical discussion of the emerging field of neuroeconomics, which is the study of neural mechanisms involved in decision-making and their economic significance. Separate concepts of rational and irrational decision-making in philosophy, economics and psychology are presented. In the interdisciplinary field of neuroeconomics, through logic and individual examples, it explores approaches in the theory of decision-making. Neuroeconomical accounting of irrationality is characterized, and it is confirmed that a person does not always make rational decisions. It is noted that because of his brain activity, decisions can be predetermined in advance, creating the so-called «illusion of choice».
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Beary, Alina. „Dual Process Theory: A Philosophical Review“. American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 96, Nr. 2 (2022): 317–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acpq202221250.
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From experience, we know that some cognitive processes are effortless and automatic (or nearly automatic), while others are hard and deliberate. Dual process (DP) accounts of human cognition explain these differences by positing two qualitatively distinct types of cognitive processes within the human mind—types that cannot be reduced to each other. Because DP constructs are bound to show up in discourse on human cognition, decision-making, morality, and character formation, moral philosophers should take DP accounts seriously. Here, I provide an overview of the current state of DP accounts—their basic tenets, major concepts, and the various models of the DP framework—and note some of its more salient criticisms from the psychological research community. Finally, I show that DP accounts’ commitment to a real qualitative distinction between rational and non-rational human behavior puts them at odds with a Thomistic/Aristotelian view of practical rationality.
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Boichenko, N. M., und N. A. Fialko. „Legitimation of Euthanasia Decisions: A Philosophical Assessment of the Assisted Life Termination“. Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, Nr. 24 (29.12.2023): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i24.295295.
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The purpose of this article is to find out whether philosophical and anthropological studies of human nature affect the legitimization of decisions about human life and death, using the example of a philosophical analysis of the problem of euthanasia. Theoretical basis. Philosophically and anthropologically based situational analysis in bioethics is chosen as the research methodology, which reveals the legitimation of euthanasia as a complex and highly responsible moral decision, which should be based on both the consideration of all the patient’s special circumstances and the competent and adequate application of fundamental knowledge about the human being. Originality. From a philosophical point of view, it would be correct to legalize euthanasia, but under the condition of significantly limiting the cases of its application, clearly defining the conditions for its provision and strict control over its implementation. It is morally unacceptable to justify either murder or torture, so euthanasia appears as an attempt to avoid both at the same time. Conclusions. Specific solutions to practical problems often indicate the necessary direction for solving theoretical difficulties. Thus, making proper moral decisions about euthanasia requires reliance on fundamental knowledge about human beings, but at the same time it provides arguments "for" and "against" artificial termination of life. The basic principles of bioethics – autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and respect for the dignity of human life – serve as criteria for making balanced ethical decisions both in theory and in practice. These principles should be complemented by a coherent ethical, legal and philosophical position on euthanasia, which is achieved through legitimation procedures. Decisive for making a decision on euthanasia should be the strong desire of the patient himself.
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Moskovsky, A. „Institutionalism: Theory, Decision-making Basis, Method of Criticism“. Voprosy Ekonomiki, Nr. 3 (20.03.2009): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2009-3-110-124.
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The author analyzes the state of institutional economics in contemporary Russia. It is characterized by arbitrary confusion of the ideas of «old», «new» and «mathematical» versions of institutionalism which results in logical inconsistency and even eclectics to be observed in the literature. The new and mathematical versions of institutionalism are shown to be based on legal, political and mathematical determinism tightly connected with the so-called «economic approach» (G. Becker). The main attention is paid to the discussion of theoretical and practical potential of the contemporary classical («old») institutionalism. The author focuses on its philosophical grounds and its technological imperative, the institution of science, the method of criticism, the opportunity of using classical institutionalist ideas as the ideology of economic reforms in Russia.
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Cheng, Chung-Ying. „The “C” Theory: and a Chinese Philosophical Approach to Management Decision-Making“. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 19, Nr. 2 (10.02.1992): 125–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15406253-01902001.
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CHENG, CHUNG-YING. „THE "C" THEORY: A CHINESE PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT AND DECISION-MAKING“. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 19, Nr. 2 (Juni 1992): 125–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6253.1992.tb00115.x.
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Swaminathan, Shivprasad. „What the Centipede Knows: Polycentricity and ‘Theory’ for Common Lawyers“. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 40, Nr. 2 (2020): 265–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqaa005.
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Abstract For Michael Polanyi, ‘polycentricity’ was a method of decision making—of which he saw the common law as a prime exemplar—where numerous decision makers mutually adjust their decisions to their expectations of what will pass muster with the community of decision makers, without the use of any common blueprint. This article argues that Polanyi’s idea of polycentricity—once disentangled from Lon Fuller’s borrowed, but unrelated, use of the term—has the potential to illuminate much for the legal theorist. First, from several elements in the common law’s functioning that are liable to come across as ‘muddling through’, polycentricity helps us glean a sophisticated philosophical method primed to cut through difficult moral problems. Secondly, the idea of polycentricity helps locate—and address—the incongruity between the functioning of the common law and the theoretical model typically used to construct ‘theory’ in various areas, especially private law, which manifests in practitioners’ wariness of theory.
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Ullmann-Margalit, Edna. „Big Decisions: Opting, Converting, Drifting“. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 58 (März 2006): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100009358.
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I want to focus on some of the limits of decision theory that are of interest to the philosophical concern with practical reasoning and rational choice. These limits should also be of interest to the social-scientists' concern with Rational Choice.Let me start with an analogy. Classical Newtonian physics holds good and valid for middle-sized objects, but not for the phenomena of the very little, micro, sub-atomic level or the very large, macro, outer-space level: different theories, concepts and laws apply there. Similarly, I suggest that we might think of the theory of decisionmaking as relating to middle-sized, ordinary decisions, and to them only. There remain the two extremes, the very ‘small’ decisions on the one hand and the very ‘big’ decisions on the other. These may pose a challenge to the ordinary decision theory and may consequently require a separate treatment.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Philosophical Decision Theory"
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Nogueira, Alexandre de Castro. „O uso inadequado da interpretação da lei das inelegibilidades na justiça eleitoral: críticas à interpretação teleológica como recurso hermenêutico interpretativo tradicional“. Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3130.
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O presente estudo investiga a aplicação da Lei das Inelegibilidades (Lei Complementar nº 64/90) pelos Tribunais Eleitorais e o Supremo Tribunal Federal, que em sua atuação jurisdicional utilizam corriqueiramente do método intitulado de interpretação teleológica, que contraria a forma contemporânea de interpretar, mas encontra respaldo no art. 5º da Lei de Introdução às normas do Direito Brasileiro, Decreto-lei nº 4.657/42. Com o objetivo de demonstrar que tal método interpretativo ofende o Estado Democrático de Direito aponta-se, através da análise de julgados, a existência de um padrão que deforma, sem qualquer justificativa, o sentido da norma levando a posicionamentos em desconformidade com a letra da lei e a Constituição Federal. O reconhecimento e a utilização da Hermenêutica contemporânea, calcada nos estudos de Heidegger e Gadamer, é identificada como correção à essa situação, vez que demonstra ser o sujeito não mais um mero observador do evento a ser interpretado, mas parte do próprio processo de compreensão. Surge então análise da importância do neoconstitucionalismo, que serviu para abalar somente o positivismo exegético, e não conseguiu superar a discricionariedade (im)posta pelo positivismo moderno, calcado nas teorias de Hart e Kelsen. Esse movimento incentivou o uso de pamprincípios, confundindo valores com princípios, e normatividade de textos legais com vontade pessoal do intérprete. Na superação dessa cultura (anti-) hermenêutica, uma teoria da decisão judicial deve ser (re)apresentada, com fortes bases na hermenêutica filosofia e no reconhecimento de um direito fundamental à decisão judicial constitucionalmente adequada, como defende Lênio Streck em algumas de suas obras. Por isso se propõe um roteiro hermenêutico, como instrumento para inibir as soluções arbitrárias assentes na jurisprudência brasileira, firmada através de cinco critérios a serem observados na esteira da uma teoria da decisão judicial defendida por Streck, no processo de aplicação da lei, visando vincular o interprete à Constituição, à Lei e aos fatos apresentados por meio do devido processo legal.
This study investigates the application of the Law of ineligibility (Complementary Law No. 64/90) by the Electoral Courts and the Supreme Court, which in its jurisdictional action routinely use the method called teleological interpretation, which contradicts the contemporary form of interpreting, but finds support in the art. 5º of the Introductory Law to the rules of the Brazilian Law, Decree-Law No. 4.657 / 42. Aiming to demonstrate that such interpretative method offends the democratic state is pointed out, by analyzing judged, the existence of a pattern that deforms without any justification, the meaning of the rule leading to positions in violation of the letter of law and the Federal Constitution. The recognition and the use of contemporary hermeneutics, based on studies of Heidegger and Gadamer, is identified as a correction to this situation, it proves to be the subject no longer a mere observer of the event to be interpreted, but part of the process of understanding itself. Then comes analysis of the importance of neoconstitutionalism that only served to undermine the exegetical positivism, and could not overcome the discretion (im) posed by modern positivism, trampled on the theories of Hart and Kelsen. This movement encouraged the use of pamprincípios, confusing values with principles, and normativity of legal texts with personal will of the interpreter. In overcoming this culture (anti) hermeneutics, a theory of judicial decision must be (re) presented, with strong bases in hermeneutic philosophy and the recognition of a fundamental right to constitutionally adequate judicial decision, as advocated Lênio Streck in some of his works. Therefore we propose a hermeneutical script as a tool to inhibit arbitrary solutions based on Brazilian law, signed by five criteria to be followed in the wake of a theory of judicial decision defended by Streck, in the process of law enforcement, seeking to link the interpret the Constitution, the law and the facts presented by means of due process.
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Morais, Valério Pimenta de. „Decisão judicial e sua influência sobre a Legislação Tributária Paulista: uma perspectiva neopositivista“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6214.
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Previous issue date: 2013-09-17This essay analyses the influence of judicial decisions over São Paulo s tax law, taking as reference the moment of taxation by Public Administration, notedly the moment of tax assessment and its revision, which are markedly positivist, over all when taking into consideration the interpretation of the articles 142 and 149 of Brazilian Tax Code. The neopositivist premise has guided the development of the present essay, since its features have always been present at the analysis promoted, which can be reduced to an idea of complementarity, not only the activities of the government (Legislative, Executive and Judiciary), but also of a philosophical currents of Law. Note that the present analysis focus on Brazilian Federal Constitution, mainly on its principles, which join amplified by the multiplicity of interpreters, bringing semantic fill to the equation that assumes that rule of law is the result of interaction between law (work of Legislative and Executive, acting on its sanction and initiative), interpretation (a result of multiple social actors), and, finally, case law (deriving from the action of Judiciary). In this respect, this essay also examines the systems theory of Niklas Luhmann, that, considering the concept of legal system adopted, served as a support for the analysis of the position occupied by Executive, Legislative and Judiciary relatively to the same system, as well as the analysis of the principles and of the philosophical currents of law and the taxation, conceiving, as a result, the rule of law (which derives from the interaction of the elements which were mentioned above, within the neopositivist idea) and the new role played by case law as a source of law, made possible by the performance of the ideal model of a judge as a guardian-judge. In this context, in response to the questions thrown during the formulation of the introduction of this essay, we apprehend that judgments irradiate normativity, through individual and concrete rule up to general and abstract rule, either through compliance with regulatory expectations contrary to facts or even in case of objectification of judicial proceedings, being responsible for enough irritation that, over all taken into consideration, stimulate legislators create new laws. Thus, the approach between ethics and law, originally built by judicial decisions, tend to pervade the entire the legal system, also serving as a base for taxation moments as well as the moments before taxation, which begin to reproduce the aforementioned approach, representing a final translation of the principles of legal certainty and of equality
Esta dissertação tem por finalidade o estudo da influência das decisões judiciais sobre a legislação tributária paulista, tomando como referência o momento exacional de atuação da sua Administração Tributária, notadamente com o lançamento de ofício e sua revisão, que são tidos como marcadamente positivistas, sobretudo ao se levar em consideração a interpretação do Código Tributário Nacional, em seus artigos 142 e 149. A premissa neopositivista - diga-se de plano - norteou o desenvolvimento do trabalho, uma vez que suas características sempre estiveram presentes na análise que foi promovida, podendo mesmo ser reduzida a uma ideia de complementaridade, não só das atividades dos Poderes de Estado, mas, antes mesmo, das correntes filosóficas do direito. Neste passo, suas notas essenciais, tomadas em consideração, estabeleceram-se pela ambientação na Constituição da República de 1988, com pauta em forte medida principiológica, que, por sua vez, ingressa amplificada pela multiplicidade dos intérpretes, trazendo preenchimento semântico à equação concebida de que a norma jurídica é encontrada como o resultado da interação entre lei (obra dos Poderes Legislativo e Executivo, ao atuar na sua sanção e iniciativa), interpretação (resultado de multíplices atores sociais), e, por fim, jurisprudência (decorrente da atuação do Poder Judiciário). Nessa medida, foi também objeto de nossa investigação a consideração da teoria dos sistemas de Niklas Luhmann, que serviu de suporte para a apreciação, segundo a concepção de sistema jurídico adotada, da posição ocupada pelos Poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário em relação ao mesmo sistema, a par da apreciação formulada, ainda, da principiologia e das correntes filosóficas do direito e da tributação, concebendo-se, assim, em decorrência, a norma jurídica (resultado da interação dos elementos, antes apontados, fundamentadas no neopositivismo) e no novo papel assumido pela jurisprudência como fonte do direito, viabilizado pela atuação do modelo típico-ideal de juiz, na forma do juiz-guardião. Nesse contexto, com base no quanto se sacou das análises empreendidas ao longo do presente trabalho, em resposta às indagações lançadas durante a formulação da introdução deste, apreendemos que as decisões judiciais irradiam normatividade, num caminho de norma individual e concreta até a geral e abstrata, seja por meio do cumprimento de expectativas normativas contrafáticas, seja mesmo no caso da objetivação das lides submetidas ao Poder Judiciário, sendo responsáveis pela irritação suficiente para que, sobretudo dentro da consideração empreendida, o legislador estadual ou distrital, produza o novo direito positivado. A aproximação efetuada entre a ética e o direito, dessa forma, construída, originariamente, pelas decisões judiciais do Poder Judiciário, tende a perpassar todo o sistema jurídico, servindo de base, ainda, para os momentos pré-exacionais e exacionais, que passam também a reproduzir, de sua parte, esta mencionada aproximação, representando uma tradução final dos princípios da segurança jurídica e da isonomia
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Jabarian, Brian. „Opérationnaliser l'incertitude morale : définir un cadre d'analyse pour l'esprit critique dans un monde incertain“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H223.
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Ce doctorat en philosophie explore le problème de l'incertitude normative, c'est-à-dire le problème éthique complexe qui consiste à savoir ce que nous devrions faire lorsque nous sommes incertains de ce que nous devrions faire. Nous menons notre thèse dans la tradition oubliée de la philosophie des sciences, celle de l'opérationnalisation. Cette dernière est une approche analytique approfondie qui permet de définir un cadre d’analyse pour conduire des études appliquées d'un un concept dont les implications empiriques ne sont, à l’origine, ni prouvées ni claires. Dans notre cas d'évaluation ou de choix éthique, l'opérationnalisation comprend deux dimensions principales : (1) fournir un cadre pour le raisonnement, la comparaison des valeurs des options et la prise de décision par des individus ou des groupes ; (2) fournir des preuves empiriques pour démontrer la pertinence du concept pour la recherche appliquée et les investigations scientifiques ultérieures. Nous divisons notre thèse en deux grandes parties suivant ces dimensions. Dans une introduction préalable, nous discutons l'incertitude normative et ses relations avec d'autres concepts éthiques et méta-éthiques. La première partie fournit un cadre complet pour comparer les valeurs des options, raisonner et prendre des décisions individuelles dans un contexte d'incertitude normative, en fonction des types et de la quantité d'informations dont dispose le décideur. La deuxième partie montre comment nous pouvons utiliser l’éthique et la philosophie du langage dans les méthodes d'enquête et établir l'incertitude normative comme un fait empirique en combinant ces deux disciplines. La conclusion résume les principales contributions de notre thèseThis Ph.D. in philosophy explores the normative uncertainty problem, i.e. the complex ethical problem of what should we do when uncertain about what we should do? We conduct our thesis in the tradition of the long-forgotten philosophy of science tradition of operationalization. The latter is a thorough analytical approach that allows for applied investigations of a concept whose empirical implications are neither proven nor clear. In the case of an ethical evaluation or choice problem, operationalization includes two main dimensions: (1) providing a framework for reasoning, comparing the values of options, and decision-making by individuals or groups; (2) providing empirical evidence to demonstrate the concept’s relevance for applied research and further scientific investigations. We divide our thesis into two main parts based on these dimensions. A preceding introduction addresses normative uncertainty and its relations to other ethical and meta-ethical concepts. Part I provides a comprehensive framework for comparing the values of options, reasoning, and making individual decisions under normative uncertainty, depending on the types and amount of information available to the decision-maker. Part II demonstrates how we may employ humanities in survey methods and establish normative uncertainty as an empirical fact by combining both disciplines. The conclusion summarizes our thesis’ main contributions
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Phang, Kevin. „Decision under Complete Uncertainty: Bridging Economic and Philosophical Research“. 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/15392.
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This thesis explores the topic of decision under conditions of complete uncertainty,
advocating an interdisciplinary perspective that benefits from the insights of both
economists and philosophers. Thus far, most of the results in the field have been the
work of economists who have been responsible for important theorems and axiomatic
characterizatoins of a variety of decision rules. While proceeding from a different
methodology and focus, tantalizingly similar conjectures have been made by philosophical logicians. While the work of the latter has not (yet) become as advanced
in deriving important theorems, I suggest that philosophers have something useful
to offer in their method of analysis that would be useful in evaluating the different
solutions to standard problems in the field. I attempt to provide a new solution
motivated by both disciplines.
Bücher zum Thema "Philosophical Decision Theory"
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Williamson, Jon. Bayesian nets and causality: Philosophical and computational foundations. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
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Kant, Immanuel. Sette scritti politici liberi. Herausgegeben von Maria Chiara Pievatolo. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-000-6.
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At the end of the eighteenth century, before and during the French Revolution, Kant wrote intensively about politics. This book brings together the translations of his principal philosophical-political works, with the editor's annotations, from the essay on Enlightenment through to the writing on progress. The texts are subject to a Creative Commons licence, so that they can be amended without restrictions, retaining the same rights. Open access publication alone can achieve freedom in the public use of reason. The decision to free a classic work from economic monopoly and censure is intended to demonstrate that open access is not an academic theory but a reality that can give value and meaning to the establishment of a public university. Making Kant read means much more than merely reading him.
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Easwaran, Kenny. Foundations of Bayesian Epistemology: A Philosophical Introduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Easwaran, Kenny. Foundations of Bayesian Epistemology: A Philosophical Introduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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Easwaran, Kenny. Foundations of Bayesian Epistemology: A Philosophical Introduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Williamson, Jon. Bayesian Nets and Causality: Philosophical and Computational Foundations. Ebsco Publishing, 2004.
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Williamson, Jon. Bayesian Nets and Causality: Philosophical and Computational Foundations. Oxford University Press, 2005.
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Levi, Isaac. Decisions and Revisions: Philosophical Essays on Knowledge and Value. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Attanasio, John. Philosophical Ruminations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847029.003.0007.
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Ideas matter. Constitutional jurisprudence decisions reflect overarching intellectual trends in society. The Buckley Constitution reflects the influence of modern individualistic libertarianism in contemporary American society. Some prominent authors have glimpsed more inclusive approaches to free speech. For example, renowned First Amendment theorist Alexander Meiklejohn sought to illustrate an inclusive approach to freedom of speech in his timeless metaphor of a town meeting. This chapter begins by outlining several wrong turns that the campaign finance cases have taken which render an inclusive approach impossible. One involves equating spending money with speaking. Spending money to speak is at most a combination of speech and action. Moreover, monetary limitations on political campaigning are similar to content neutral time, place, and manner restrictions. Some authors concerned with the distribution of speech rights have overtly offered a more egalitarian free speech approach. They include Jürgen Habermas, Bruce Ackerman, and Ronald Dworkin.
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Lisovskiy, Petro, und Yulia Lisovska. THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. Kyiv: Vydavnychyi dim «Kondor», 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36994/978-617-8052-97-3-2022-176.
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In the textbook, the authors highlight the philosophical-historical process of the wisdom of the peoples of the world as a hypothetical picture of the quality of the reinterpretation of the individual, the state, and society in the theory of international relations. Attention is focused on the method of quantum computerization as a phenomenal digital communication in the international legal field. It is predicted that under the conditions of the international post-covid syndrome, quantum vaccination occupies a significant place in the hierarchical nature of the crystalline structure of the universe. This will contribute to a qualitatively new cycle of wise decisions among the peoples of the world. The manual is designed for teachers, students and anyone interested in international relations.
Buchteile zum Thema "Philosophical Decision Theory"
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Smith, Anthony Paul. „Theory of the Philosophical Decision“. In A Non-Philosophical Theory of Nature, 59–72. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137331977_6.
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Jensen, KarstenKlint. „A Philosophical Assessment of Decision Theory“. In Handbook of Risk Theory, 405–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1433-5_16.
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Bradley, Richard. „Decision Theory: A Formal Philosophical Introduction“. In Introduction to Formal Philosophy, 611–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77434-3_34.
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Van Dalen, Dirk. „Algorithms and Decision Problems: A Crash Course in Recursion Theory“. In Handbook of Philosophical Logic, 245–311. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9833-0_4.
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Gonzalez, Wenceslao J. „The Philosophico-Methodological Standpoint: The Issue of Prediction as a Requisite for Science“. In Theory and Decision Library A:, 3–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08885-3_1.
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Terfloth, Lutz, Michael Schaffer, Heike M. Buhl und Carsten Schulte. „Adding Why to What? Analyses of an Everyday Explanation“. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 256–79. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13.
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AbstractIn XAI it is important to consider that, in contrast to explanations for professional audiences, one cannot assume common expertise when explaining for laypeople. But such explanations between humans vary greatly, making it difficult to research commonalities across explanations. We used the dual nature theory, a techno-philosophical approach, to cope with these challenges. According to it, onan explain, for example, an XAI’s decision by addressing its dual nature: by focusing on the Architecture (e.g., the logic of its algorithms) or the Relevance (e.g., the severity of a decision, the implications of a recommendation). We investigated 20 explanations of games using the theory as an analytical framework. We elaborate how we used the theory to quickly structure and compare explanations of technological artifacts. We supplement results from analyzing the explanation contents with results from a video recall to explore how Explainers (EX) justified their explanation. We found that EX were focusing on the physical aspects of the game first (Architecture) and only later on aspects of the Relevance. Reasoning in the video recalls indicated that EX regarded the focus on the Architecture as important for structuring the explanation initially by explaining the basic components before focusing on more complex, intangible aspects. EX justified shifting between addressing the two sides by explanation goals, emerging misunderstandings, and the knowledge needs of the explainee. We discovered several commonalities that inspire future research questions which, if further generalizable, provide first ideas for the construction of synthetic explanations.
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Neves, M. Patrão, und A. Betâmio de Almeida. „Before and Beyond Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Challenges“. In Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the Law, 107–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41264-6_6.
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AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) and digital systems are currently occupying a fundamental place throughout society. They are devices that shape human life and induce significant civilizational changes. Given their huge power, namely systems with autonomous decision-making capacity, it is natural that the potential social effects deserve a critical reflection on the opportunities and challenges addressed by AI. This is the main goal of this text. The authors begin by explaining the philosophical position from which they start, and which contextualizes their reflection on technological innovation in general, then briefly considering the genealogy (“before”) of AI, in its main characteristics and direction of evolution (“Can machines imitate humans?”). It is considering the path of development of AI and its disruptive effects on human life (“beyond”) that it is proposed its systematization in three categories—functional, structural, identity—(“Can humans imitate machines?”).Regardless of the optimistic or pessimist expectations towards technological evolution, there is a need for a public debate about its current and future regulation. The text also identifies major ethical principles and legal requirements to regulate AI in order to protect fundamental human rights.
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Lewis, David. „Causal Decision Theory“. In Philosophical Papers Volume II, 305–37. Oxford University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0195036468.003.0012.
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Tsoukas, Haridimos. „Strategic Decision Making and Knowledge“. In Philosophical Organization Theory, 131–58. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794547.003.0005.
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Organizations undertake action even in the absence of decisions, and make decisions without necessarily following them through with actions. An outcome that may appear to an observer to be the product of a sequence of decisions, may not be so if approached from the perspective of the actor. How is that possible? A Heideggerian perspective enables us to accommodate most currently available theories of decision making into a new ontology. A lot of what ordinarily passes for “decision making” is nothing else but either practical coping or deliberate coping, both occurring in the midst of action, and a great deal of action routinely undertaken in organizations consists of either spontaneous responses to the circumstances at hand, or deliberate choices often made in an analogical manner. These points are illustrated with the Abu Ghraib prison scandal that was revealed by the award-winning journalist Seymour Hersh in 2004.
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Lewis, David. „Richter’s Problem (1983)“. In Philosophical Manuscripts, 174–78. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847393.003.0032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Philosophical Decision Theory"
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Galily, Daniel. „The theory of nineteenth-century American pragmatism“. In 9th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade - Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.09.11105g.
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The purpose of this overview is to give a short introduction to the ideas and activities of nineteenth-century American pragmatism theory for a philosophy conference at the BEN Science Institute in Bulgaria. Pragmatism is a philosophical theory that sees thought as a tool and device for predicting, solving problems and planning action. The philosophy of pragmatism addresses the practical consequences of ideas by examining them in the light of human experience, so that the truth of a claim is determined by practical results and the utility it serves. Pragmatism began in the United States around 1870 by Charles S. Pierce. In addition to Peirce, philosophers such as William James and John Dewey who were members of the “Metaphysical Club” held at Cambridge University in the late 19th century (where the theory was formulated) helped to develop its principles. By reviewing the theory of pragmatism, we must concentrate on the Pragmatic Maxim, the rule for clarifying ideas, which for both Peirce and James, was the core of pragmatism. Another important idea in the theory is Skepticism and fallibilism. This idea claims, according to Pierce, that we should try to doubt propositions and keep them only if they are with absolutely certainty and there is no way to doubt them. The test of certainty, as Peirce points out, lies in the individual mind: trial by doubt is something each must do for himself, and the examination of our beliefs is guided by reflection on hypothetical possibilities: we cannot trust our perceptual beliefs. For example, because we cannot rule out the possibility that they were created by a dream or by evil scientists manipulating our minds. The more we try to avoid errors, the more likely we are to miss truths; And the more effort we put into searching for truths, the more likely we are to introduce errors. The doubt method may make sense in the special case where enormous weight is given to avoiding mistakes, even if it means losing truth. Once we recognize that we are making a practical decision about the relative importance of two good options, the Cartesian strategy no longer seems the only rational one. Inquiry, as already suggested, is pragmatic accounts of the normative standards to which we must act in arriving at beliefs about the world cast in terms of how we can conduct inquiries in a disciplined, self-controlled manner. That is, our ability to think about external things and constantly improve our understanding of them is based on our experience. It would be wrong to conclude that pragmatism is limited to the United States or that the only important pragmatist thinkers were Peirce, James, and Dewey. Richard Rorty has described his philosophy as “pragmatist” on several occasions - what pragmatists teach us about truth, he tells us, is that there is nothing very systematic or constructive to say about truth at all.
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Voitsekhovich, Viacheslav Emerikovich, Ilja Nikolaevich Volnov und Georgii Gennadyevich Malinetskii. „On the way to a strong AI: Socio-philosophical problems“. In 5th International Conference “Futurity designing. Digital reality problems”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/future-2022-12.
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The authors define the concepts of consciousness, mind, reason, intellect. The most important properties of consciousness: understanding of the self, reflection, freedom, creativity. Mind is the ability to understand the absolute. Reason is the ability to understand the relative. Intellect is the ability of a subject to solve by rational and logical methods a wide class of tasks related to the life of the subject. Types of artificial intelligence (AI): weak, strong, super-strong AI. Problems that arise on the way of turning a weak AI into a strong one: freedom, trust, alienation. The main problem is freedom. It is the actualization of potencies (G. Hegel). There are two types of intellect possible: having freedom (human) and not having it (weak AI based on an algorithm). If a strong AI is reduced to an algorithm, then it will not gain freedom, it will not grow to reason. If a weak AI evolves, mutates, it will become independent, gain freedom and subsequently grow to reason and spiritual life. For the emergence of freedom, an evolving AI must have a different substantial basis and thinking (primarily mathematics). The substance must be mobile and capable of random changes. The basis of randomness is the microcosm. The functioning of AI should be based on the mathematics of mobile concepts and logic based on the generalized law of identity. The second problem of creating a strong AI is the problem of trust. Sometimes weak AI leads to wrong decisions, which leads to dangerous mistakes in economics, politics, and the military field. To avoid risk and trust AI, it is necessary to make the AI's work understandable to humans. The third problem is alienation. Technology (especially AI) becomes more complicated and becomes independent of the person, of the decision makers. It invades culture imperceptibly and replaces the human with the inhuman. A strong AI will become friendly towards a person if it follows the highest spiritual values (truth, goodness, beauty, love ...).
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Sima, Adriana. „A PHILOSOPHICAL VIEW OF GOD, FAITH AND UNBELIEF IN 21ST CENTURY SOCIETY“. In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2023/fs03.03.
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Faith in God also enables individuals to make sense of their lives in the midst of chaos and to find meaning and purpose in life�s challenges, a sense of peace and security, especially during difficult times, It can provide hope for a brighter future and a sense of assurance that no matter what life throws our way, God is always with us, knowing that God will never leave them and that He has a plan for their lives. The debate on creation versus evolution is an ongoing, heated debate that has been going on for many years. The debate is between those who believe that God created the universe and those who believe that evolution is the process by which the universe was created. Creationists believe that the Bible is literal and that God created the world in six days. Evolutionists believe that the universe developed over billions of years through natural processes. The debate is ongoing because there is no clear answer to the question of how the universe was created. The evidence for both sides is inconclusive, with no one side able to definitively prove their point of view. The issue of faith and unbelief in God in 21st century society is a complex one. It is important to remember that everyone has the right to make their own decisions when it comes to their beliefs and that there is no one right answer, the important thing is to respect the beliefs of others, no matter what they may be. Alternative sources of spiritual guidance, such as meditation, mindfulness and yoga can take the place of a higher, omniscient and omnipresent Being to whom are attributed all the positive traits that he imprints on people in the form of moral and ethical values, without denying the positive aspects that they have on the human mind and on physical well-being? Therewith, the internet has provided access to a variety of religious perspectives, so more people are exposed to different beliefs and the idea of religious diversity. There is also a growing sense of skepticism about faith among many people. With the rise of science and the prevalence of �fake news�, people are increasingly questioning the validity of religious claims. In the last 10 years, with the emergence of several types of manifestations, several surveys have been conducted in many countries of the world regarding belief in God, the weight of religion in everyday life and people's attitude toward faith. The results were surprising because it could be observed that more and more people perceive the relation to faith and to the Divinity in a completely different way than in the previous centuries. Given the above, it is necessary to try to find answers to some questions that may give us a better understanding of the human-Divinity relationship in the society of the 21st century. Does today's society still believe in God and the moral laws promoted by the church? When and why did people begin to give up belief in God? Why is there a growing sense of skepticism about faith? Are people now more likely to question the traditional beliefs? Do people belive in God in 21st century society or this is the century of unbelif and theism? 21st century society - a society of faith in God, a society of unbelif or a society of atheism? Faith in God remains a powerful force in the world today?
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DONOAGĂ, Diana. „Reflections on the progressive process of conceptualizing freedom from the perspective of philosophy of education“. In Probleme ale ştiinţelor socioumanistice şi ale modernizării învăţământului. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.v3.25-03-2022.p170-174.
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The subject of freedom in education, with profound ethical implications, has been and will remain one of the cardinal landmarks of educational thinking. In the theoretical debate of the problems of freedom, in the history of philosophical thinking, illustrious concepts have been developed in this sense by researchers such as I. Kant, J. J. Rousseau, Plato and others. We will present some of them, not in their chronological order, but in the order in which the transition from one interpretation to another allows us to capture the phases that the progressive process of conceptualizing freedom goes through. The philosophical theme of freedom, aims at the possibility of the manifestation of the human being in individual acts of action, taking into account the premises of value and decision. This is the maxim that concentrates the ideas of the philosophy of education in the space between the XV-XVIII centuries, which remains current until today.
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Sanda, Mohammed-Aminu, Lilian Ama Afun, Anna Alacovska und Obi Berko Damoah. „Humane Entrepreneurship in the Creative Fashion Industry: Role of Entrepreneurs’ Intuition on Entrepreneurial Decision-making and Performance“. In AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004255.
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The purpose of this study was to identify the humane-oriented factors that are predictive of creative entrepreneurs’ intuition, decision-making and entrepreneurial performances, and also to establish the dynamics between their intuitions, decision-making and entrepreneurial performances when engaged in their entrepreneurial activities. The study was informed by the realization that the traditional concept of entrepreneurship has mainly focused on new venture creation with the entrepreneur at the centre of all entrepreneurial activities. But with the changing tide of conceptualization, the human aspect of entrepreneurship has evolved as humane entrepreneurship and is operationalized as the pursuit of entrepreneurial growth and humane development for opportunity realization and sustainable organization. Yet, unlike the application of the business aspect of entrepreneurship in established firms, the human aspect of the creative entrepreneurial approaches are often overlooked, and thus represent a knowledge gap. Thus, in the pursuit of filling such gap, exploring the human-oriented dynamics in entrepreneurship has attracted much attention and continue to gain currency in humane entrepreneurship research. In this stead, the following questions were explored relative to creative entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial activities in the Ghanaian fashion industry. (i) what factors are predictive of the entrepreneurs’ intuitions, and decision-making as well as their entrepreneurial performance. (ii) is there an influencing association between the entrepreneurs’ intuitions, decision-making and entrepreneurial. Using the quantitative philosophical approach informed by the entrepreneurs’ subjective evaluations of their intuitions in decision-making and entrepreneurial performance was enabled, data was obtained from 728 respondents operating in the Ghanaian creative fashion industry. Analytical Findings from principal components analysis identified seven (7) factors that are predictive of the Entrepreneurs’ intuitions in decision-making, eight (8) factors that are predictive of their entrepreneurial decision-making, and ten (10) factors that are predictive of their entrepreneurial performances. The influencing association between the entrepreneurs’ intuitions, decision-making and entrepreneurial is also established. The study outcome provides an important insight on the dynamics of human-factors in creative entrepreneurship and the influencing significance of entrepreneurs’ intuition in their entrepreneurial performances. The insights provide human-oriented perspectives that could enable educators associate with the neuroergonomics constraints in creative entrepreneurship development over the past years and the impact it has, and continue to have, on individuals in developing economies who desire to create business around their creativities. The study outcome provides a good understanding of the influence of creative entrepreneurs’ intuitions on their entrepreneurial performances in the to educators and administrators, which could be used to effectively design a humane-centered creative entrepreneurship skills and practices in the Ghanaian fashion industry.
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Koychuev, Turar, und Merim Koichueva. „On the Non-Economic Factors of Impact on the Eurasian Economic Cooperation“. In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01287.
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Treat the entire Asia and Europe as a geo-economic space is impossible and counterproductive. In our opinion, Eurasian geo-economic space can be considered as a geographical area, which is the junction between Europe and Asia. Geographically, it is - the Urals, the Volga region, the Caspian Sea region of Russia, post-Soviet Central Asia, the Caucasus and the territory where Turkey and Xinjiang is located. The economic interests of the Eurasian countries for "unity" can be the same, but there are non-economic conditions (state and political system, the mode of government - authoritarian, democratic, way of life of the state - secular, religious, moral and cultural values, ideological differences, and historical features of interethnic relations) that as factors may influence positively or negatively.
Principles of formation of the Eurasian Economic Cooperation shall include economic feasibility and mutual benefit, political loyalty, ideological, philosophical and ethnic tolerance, peer contacts, peace-loving nature and solving conflict with a positive decision.
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Nishijima, Kazuyoshi, Michael Havbro Faber und Marc A. Maes. „Probabilistic Assessment of Extreme Events Subject to Epistemic Uncertainties“. In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57172.
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Over the years the modeling and treatment of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties in probabilistic assessments has repeatedly been an issue of discussion and also some controversy. The philosophical and mathematical aspects may be said to be well appreciated, however, there are cases in practice where principles seem to be violated and frequently the effects of the epistemic uncertainty are treated inconsistently in the probabilistic modeling. The present paper first reviews the general principles for the modeling and treatment of uncertain characteristics subject to both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. Thereafter, the general principles are applied considering three examples concerning the probabilistic modeling of extreme events; 1) the n-year maximum distribution, 2) the corresponding return period and 3) the exceedance probability in hazard analysis. Through these examples typical inconsistencies made in practical probabilistic assessments are pointed out. The results from the examples are interpreted and discussed from a structural design perspective and from a rational risk-based decision perspective. Finally, a practical solution to avoid the inconsistencies is suggested emphasizing the analogy of the analysis of extreme events with the analysis of portfolios.
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Petkova, Tatyana. „Geopolitical challenges in the 21st century – The place of the EU in international politics“. In 9th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade - Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.09.09083p.
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For the first time in Europe, until the start of the war in Ukraine by Russia in February 2022, there is such prosperity, such security and such freedom. A violence in the first half of the 20th century gave way to a period of peace and stability unprecedented in European history. The creation of the European Union was decisive for this development. It has changed the relationship between our countries and the lives of our citizens. European countries are determined to seek the peaceful resolution of disputes and to cooperate through common institutions. During this period, under the influence of the progressive spread of the rule of law and democracy, authoritarian regimes were transformed into secure, stable and dynamic democracies. The present study aims to present a political-philosophical view of the geopolitical challenges in the 21st century and the place of the EU in international politics. The main points of the article are: global challenges and main threats: security is a prerequisite for development; energy dependence; terrorism, etc.
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Hasanova, Aytakin. „PREDICTIVE GENETIC SCREENING“. In The First International Scientific-Practical Conference- “Modern Tendencies of Dialogue in Multidenominational Society: philosophical, religious, legal view”. IRETC MTÜ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/mtdms202029.
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Human, as a species, is very variable, and his variability is at the basis of his social organization. This variability is maintained, in part, by the chance effects of gene assortment and the variation in these genes is the result of mutations in the past. If our remote ancestors had not mutated we would not he here; further, since no species is likely to he able to reduce its mutation rate substantially by the sort of selection to which it is exposed, we may regard mutations of recent origin as part of the price of having evolved. We are here: all of us have some imperfections we would wish not to have, and many of us are seriously incommoded by poor sight, hearing or thinking. Others among us suffer from some malformation due to faulty development. A few are formed lacking some essential substance necessary to metabolize a normal diet, to clot the blood, or to darken the back of the eye. We will all die and our deaths will normally be related to some variation in our immu-nological defences, in our ability to maintain our arteries free from occlusion, or in some other physiological aptitude. This massive variation, which is the consequence both of chance in the distribution of alleles and variety in the alleles themselves, imposes severe disabilities and handicaps on a substantial proportion of our population. The prospects of reducing this burden by artificial selection from counsel¬ling or selective feticide will be considered and some numerical estimates made of its efficiency and efficacy. Screening is a procedure by which populations are separated into groups, and is widely used for administrative and other purposes. At birth all babies are sexed and divided into two groups. Later the educable majority is selected from the ineducable minority; later still screening continues for both administrative and medical purposes. Any procedure by which populations are sifted into distinct groups is a form of screening, the word being derived from the coarse filter used to separate earth and stones. In medicine its essential features are that the population to be screen¬ed is not knowingly in need of medical attention and the action is taken on behalf of this population for its essential good. A simple example is provided by cervical smear examination, the necessary rationale for which must be the haimless and reliable detection of precancerous changes which can be prevented from becoming irreversible. Any rational decision on the development of such a service must be based on a balance of good and harm and any question of priorities in relation to other services must be based on costing. The balance of good and harm is a value judgement of some complexity. In the example of cervical smears anxiety and the consequences of the occasional removal of a healthy uterus must be weighed against the benefits of the complete removal of a cancerous one, and such matters cannot be costed in monetary terms. In fact, even such an apparently simple procedure as cervical screening is full of unknowns and many of these unknowns can only be resolved by extensive and properly designed studies. In genetic screening the matter is even more complicated, since the screening is often vicarious; that is, one person is screened in order to make a prediction on what may happen to someone else, usually their children, who may be un¬conceived or unborn. Further, the action of such screening may not be designed to ameliorate disease, but to eliminate a fetus which has a high chance of an affliction, or to prevent a marriage in which there is a mutual predisposition to producing abnormal children. These considerations impose very considerable dif¬ferences, since the relative values placed on marriage, on having children within marriage, and on inducing abortion, vary widely between individuals and between societies.
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Stupar, Savo, Mirha Bićo Ćar und Haris Arslanagić. „The Importance of the Application of the Big Data Concept for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises“. In BASIC TECHNOLOGIES AND MODELS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRY 4.0. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2023.209.14.
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Business operations of companies in modern conditions are subject to enormous market, social and especially technological pressures from the environment. Information and communication technologies have become so incorporated both in our everyday life and in the operations of every company, that without them we feel almost lost and helpless. Big Data, as a theoretical (philosophical) concept has existed for decades, but only recently, thanks to the extraordinarily rapid development of information and communication technologies, it has become applicable in practice, and as a business concept it has been recognized as a unique opportunity for success in the business world. Like all organizations, small and medium-sized enterprises can find a unique opportunity to improve their own business in the application of this concept. The number of users is growing exponentially, generating a huge amount of different data every second through different sources (YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Google, Skype, Internet, E-mail). All those unimaginably large amounts of data need to be stored somewhere: processed, analyzed, presented and interpreted, and then propose (suggest) specific business solutions based on those results. Realization of those activities in real or reasonable time, and often unexpected and surprising conclusions, are made possible by the Big Data concept. This article aims to shed light on the concept and technology of Big Data and its application at the level of small and medium enterprises. Big Data is a theoretical and technological concept, which is able to revolutionize the way of decision-making in companies and achieve extraordinary and concrete results. A secondary, but no less important, goal of writing this paper is to point out the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises, which outnumber the large ones. Most of them strive for a stable, dominant and high market position, so it can be concluded that they are extremely important for development and progress of each country.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Philosophical Decision Theory"
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BESTAEVA, E., und U. TEDEEVA. SOME ASPECTS OF THE WORLDVIEW FOUNDATIONS OF BIOETHICS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-3-2-14-24.
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The purpose of the work is to determine the specifics of the worldview foundations of bioethics, their structure, nature and essence of man in the context of the “new experience” in the field of biotechnology. Research methods - philosophical and general logical.”New experience” in the field of biotechnology, as a stimulating discussion of anthropological, axiological and social problems, must be guided by the strategy of personal preservation and the methodology of human integrity and have value-worldview attitudes as real prerequisites. In the new ethics, the fundamental principles of two historically established systems - individualism and conciliarism (collectivism) are considered in the form of complement, not contradictory. We are only talking about their ratio and the degree of demand. At the same time, the state and society, and not “personal law”, are of decisive importance.