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1
Hamill, Allan S., Gordon A. Surgeoner und Wayne P. Roberts. „Herbicide Reduction in North America: In Canada, an Opportunity for Motivation and Growth in Weed Management“. Weed Technology 8, Nr. 2 (Juni 1994): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00038938.
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Pesticide registration in Canada is a Federal responsibility. Authority to recommend and use a pesticide often is Provincially controlled. A survey on “the status of pesticide reduction” within the various provinces of Canada revealed that only 3 of 10 had a policy to reduce pesticide use. In Ontario is an example of a successful non-mandatory program toward the reduced use of pesticides. A coordinated effort among government, industry, and growers has resulted in increased research, education, and extension for pesticide use. Licensing for sellers and users of pesticides has been effective in assisting the reduction of active ingredient pesticide sales.
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Khan, Muhammad. „Using the Health Belief Model to Understand Pesticide Use Decisions“. Pakistan Development Review 49, Nr. 4II (01.12.2010): 941–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v49i4iipp.941-956.
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Farmers use pesticide to protect their crops from pests which in-turn help them maximise agricultural output on limited acres of land. However, the extensive use of such pesticide results in substantial health and environmental threats. According to WHO (1990) pesticide use causes 3.5 to 5 million acute poisonings a year. Rough estimates show that 20,000 workers dying from exposure every year and most of them from developing countries. The literature shows that health and environmental hazards of pesticide use occur due to lack of information, awareness and knowledge which are chief contributing factors of extensive overuse or misuse of hazardous pesticide and dangerous practices [Forget (1991); Dasgupta, et al. (2005a); Ibitayo (2006)]. Research has also shown that health and environmental hazards of pesticides can be avoided by awareness, education and changing farmer’s attitude and behaviour regarding pesticide use [Dasgupta, et al. (2005a)]. Therefore, the first step in developing pesticide’s health and environmental hazard reduction policy is to set up the extent of the problem by investigating farmer’s attitudes and behaviours regarding pesticide use [Koh and Jeyaratnam (1996); Dasgupta (2005a, 2005b)]. Such information is critical to identify the ‘prospects and constraints to the adoption of alternative crop protection policy’ [Ajayi (2000)].
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Wisnujatia, Nugrahini Susantinah, und Suwandi S. Sangadji. „PENGELOLAAN PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DI INDONESIA“. SEPA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 18, Nr. 1 (29.09.2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sepa.v18i1.47297.
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<p><em>The use of pesticides in rice production has an impact on the environment. Pesticides are chemicals used to kill or control pests. The use of pesticides carries some risks, but farmers are used to using pesticides. However, the use of pesticides may lead to the contamination of groundwater. Therefore, the research question in this study was whether there any differences in rice production before and after pesticide reduction in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the difference between rice production before and after pesticide reduction in Indonesia. The secondary data in this study were rice production data from FAO. Data from 1968 to 1992 were data about rice production before reducing pesticide use in Indonesia, while data from 1993 to 2017 were data about rice production after reducing pesticide use in Indonesia. The applied data analysis was paired sample t-test using SPSS 25. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between rice production before and after reducing pesticide use in Indonesia. </em></p>
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Jess, Stephen, David Matthews, Archie Murchie und Michael Lavery. „Pesticide Use in Northern Ireland’s Arable Crops from 1992–2016 and Implications for Future Policy Development“. Agriculture 8, Nr. 8 (08.08.2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8080123.
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Since the 1960s, the objective for the United Kingdom (UK) government policy and legislation on crop protection practices has been to minimise the impact of pesticide use in agriculture and horticulture to the wider environment. Subsequent European Union (EU) policy and legislation have also targeted this objective through a demanding approvals process, competency tests for users, maximum residue limits, regular post-registration monitoring and the promotion of integrated pest and disease management techniques. However, none of this substantive regulation refers to target reduction levels for pesticide use. Since 1992, the number of arable farms in Northern Ireland has decreased by 61% with a consequent reduction of 34% in the area of arable crops grown. Despite this reduction in area of arable crops grown, the area treated by the major pesticide groups increased by 49% due to intensification, but the weight of major pesticides applied to arable crops decreased by 37%. However, the intensity of application measured by the total quantity of all pesticides applied to the basic area of arable crops treated remained relatively constant at approximately 3.2 kg/ha. Pesticide usage trends and reduction policies in other geographic regions are also discussed for comparative purposes.
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Oskam, A. J., und R. A. N. Vijftigschild. „Determining developments in pesticide use: an application to the Netherlands“. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 42, Nr. 2 (01.06.1994): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v42i2.605.
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Different causes of changes in pesticide use are analysed, with the situation in the Netherlands as background for empirical illustrations. The usual methodology assumes a large inventory study on pesticide use. This inventory study may contain a number of errors or rest upon incomplete information. During a certain period indicators of pesticide use are often more aggregate. Moreover, the introduction of new pesticides, the abolishing of some old ones and the fluctuation in pesticide use because of changes in weather and disease patterns make it very difficult to measure developments in pesticide use. This is, however, an important element in the targeting of the reduction of emissions. A methodology is presented which introduced, in a stepwise manner, new information within a large database to provide decision makers with relevant information. The methodology classifies different causes, such as inconsistency between different data sets, changes in the area of different crops, introduction of new and abolishing of old pesticides, developments in pesticide use and fluctuations in pesticide use. It is concluded that as a result of the importance of the 1st, 3rd and 5th categories, it is difficult to give a clear indication of the development in pesticide use and therefore the fulfilment of environmental targeting in volume of active ingredient.
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Parker, Nicol, Ashley Larsen, Priyanka Banerjee und Arturo A. Keller. „Leveraging high spatiotemporal resolution data of pesticides applied to agricultural fields in California to identify toxicity reduction opportunities“. PLOS Water 2, Nr. 8 (09.08.2023): e0000124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000124.
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Pesticides remain a leading environmental hazard, imperiling aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Reducing pesticide toxicity is hampered by the ability to evaluate toxicity over large extents, the spatiotemporal resolution of pesticide use data, the ability to assess cumulative toxicity, and the identification of health/economic contributions of different pesticide application sites. We introduce the Environmental Release Tool, a sub-tool of the Pesticide Mitigation Prioritization Model, to advance these four areas. Using daily pesticide use reports required for agricultural applicators in California, we quantify the applied toxicity of pesticides to fish as well as aquatic invertebrates, nonvascular plants, and vascular plants. With the tool’s ability to quantify applied toxicity for hundreds of pesticides and watersheds simultaneously, we explore the significance of accounting for cumulative applied pesticide toxicity for application sites and watersheds statewide. Our results show that 14 pesticides account for 99.9% of applied toxicity, and 16 of 432 application site types introduce 90% of toxicity for taxa investigated. We also find cumulative applied toxicity within watersheds was significantly greater (p <1.0 E-16) than the maximum impact pesticide for all taxonomic groups, with a mean-annual difference of 460–630%. While cumulative applied toxicity was significant, and sources varied in individual watersheds, the net applied toxicity can be approximated with a short list of active ingredients and site types.
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Penrose, L. J., W. G. Thwaite und C. C. Bower. „Pesticide use reduction - logical decision making“. Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Conference 47 (08.01.1994): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.1994.47.11078.
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Chen, Donghui, Jiyao Liu, Desheng Zhang, Zhixu Dong und Tao Xu. „Impact of Ecological Cognitive Bias on Pesticide Reduction by Natural Rubber Farmers in China: Insight from Price Insurance Satisfaction“. Agriculture 14, Nr. 9 (18.09.2024): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091633.
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Some natural rubber farmers mistakenly equate the ecological functions of rubber plantations with those of primary forests. This cognitive bias can hinder pesticide reduction efforts. Meanwhile, natural rubber farmers gain security through price insurance, which helps them adopt a long-term perspective on environmental protection, mitigating the negative impact of cognitive biases on pesticide use decisions. However, existing research often overlooks the influence of ecological cognitive bias on pesticide reduction and the moderating role of price insurance satisfaction. This study utilizes field survey data from Hainan and employs logit models and double machine learning models to empirically analyze the impact of ecological cognitive bias on pesticide reduction among natural rubber farmers. It further tests the underlying mechanisms using moderation models. The results indicate that (1) ecological cognitive bias negatively affects pesticide reduction among natural rubber farmers, and (2) price insurance satisfaction mitigates the impact of ecological cognitive bias on pesticide reduction. Based on these findings, the government should enhance education and training to raise ecological awareness among natural rubber farmers and reduce ecological cognitive biases. Disseminating knowledge about price insurance and establishing a comprehensive insurance system can secure farmers’ income and promote the rational use of pesticides.
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Esechie, Jovita O. „Farm Workers’ Knowledge, Habits and Health Issues Associated with Pesticide Use“. Journal of Environment and Ecology 9, Nr. 1 (20.06.2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jee.v9i1.11094.
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Although pesticides are used to mitigate crop losses by pests, farm workers’ poor knowledge and bad habits during application may cause serious health consequences. This study investigates the knowledge and habits of farm workers in the Sultanate of Oman and how these are related to the self-reported acute symptoms caused by pesticide exposure. A total of 153 pesticide workers in Al Batinah Region of Oman were interviewed face to face about their pesticide knowledge, habits and self-reported acute symptoms. About 57% of the farm workers either had no formal education or had only some primary school education, and 80% had no knowledge of warning labels and the names of banned pesticides. There was a significant difference (p <0.001) in self-reported symptoms among those 20 years or less and those 50 years or older. Among those that did not attend school, 85% reported pesticide related symptoms compared to 55% among those who completed secondary education. Self-medication was the commonly used treatment option (42%), followed by local pharmacy (35%), private clinic (14%) and government hospital (9%). Reduction in pesticide related health symptoms could be achieved by mandatory training of farm workers on the use of personal protection equipment, as well as the enforcement of legislation to restrict the availability of the most hazardous pesticides, and the promotion of non-chemical methods of pest control.
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Lamichhane, Jay Ram, Silke Dachbrodt-Saaydeh, Per Kudsk und Antoine Messéan. „Toward a Reduced Reliance on Conventional Pesticides in European Agriculture“. Plant Disease 100, Nr. 1 (Januar 2016): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-15-0574-fe.
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Whether modern agriculture without conventional pesticides will be possible or not is a matter of debate. The debate is meaningful within the context of rising health and environmental awareness on one hand, and the global challenge of feeding a steadily growing human population on the other. Conventional pesticide use has come under pressure in many countries, and some European Union (EU) Member States have adopted policies for risk reduction following Directive 2009/128/EC, the sustainable use of pesticides. Highly diverse crop production systems across Europe, having varied geographic and climatic conditions, increase the complexity of European crop protection. The economic competitiveness of European agriculture is challenged by the current legislation, which banned the use of many previously authorized pesticides that are still available and applied in other parts of the world. This challenge could place EU agricultural production at a disadvantage, so EU farmers are seeking help from the research community to foster and support integrated pest management (IPM). Ensuring stable crop yields and quality while reducing the reliance on pesticides is a challenge facing the farming community is today. Considering this, we focus on several diverse situations in European agriculture in general and in European crop protection in particular. We emphasize that the marked biophysical and socio-economic differences across Europe have led to a situation where a meaningful reduction in pesticide use can hardly be achieved. Nevertheless, improvements and/or adoption of the knowledge and technologies of IPM can still achieve large gains in pesticide reduction. In this overview, the current pest problems and their integrated management are discussed in the context of specific geographic regions of Europe, with a particular emphasis on reduced pesticide use. We conclude that there are opportunities for reduction in many parts of Europe without significant losses in crop yields.
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Globila Nurika, Reny Indrayani, Ana Islamiyah Syamila und Dhuha Itsnanisa Adi. „MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW“. JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 14, Nr. 4 (29.10.2022): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v14i4.2022.265-281.
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Introduction: The use of pesticides not only has benefits for product growth but also causes problems with the entry of pesticide residues in the food chain to pollution to the environment. This study aims to formulate ways to reduce pesticide contamination in the environment and agricultural products. Discussion: This literature review was conducted using the PRISMA method using 35 articles 14 of which were published in the ScienceDirect database, 12 in the Proquest database, and 9 in the Pubmed database. Environmental pollution due to pesticides is caused by the behavior of spraying pesticides and disposing of used pesticides by farmers. Ways to reduce it are by measuring how much pesticide is needed, training to increase knowledge about agricultural practices in preparing the required dose, and regularly monitoring environmental quality. Pesticide residues can increase due to the application of pesticides at harvest, and they can be reduced by washing, peeling, and cooking processes. In addition, another proven effective way to reduce pesticide residues is using an electrolyzed water treatment, sonolytic ozonation, and ozonated water. Conclusion: The use of unsafe pesticides will harm the environment and endanger health through the food chain. Training for farmers to use pesticides properly is considered effective in reducing pesticide pollution in the environment. In addition, the reduction of pesticides in agricultural products can be done by washing, peeling, cooking (boil, boil and fry), electrolyzed water treatment, sonolytic ozonation, and ozonated water.
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Bellinder, Robin R., Gunnar Gummesson und Christer Karlsson. „Percentage-Driven Government Mandates for Pesticide Reduction: The Swedish Model“. Weed Technology 8, Nr. 2 (Juni 1994): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00038914.
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In 1985, the Swedish government mandated a 50% reduction in agricultural pesticide use by 1990. The reference point was based on the average of total pesticide sales (kg ai) between 1981 and 1985. The goal was to halve the risks to users and to the environment. A two-pronged approach dealing with risk and with the actual reduction in agricultural pesticide use was developed. By 1991, 215 ‘unsafe’ or less effective pesticide products were withdrawn by producers or cancelled by the National Chemical Inspectorate, leaving only 322 registered. Additionally, the government was able to report a 47% reduction in agricultural pesticide use where 64, 54, and 2% reductions occurred in insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, respectively. However, the treated area did not decrease. Pesticide reduction was achieved largely in cereal grain production by switching from high-dose to low-dose herbicides, reducing rates of herbicides, removal of inactive isomers from racemic mixtures, cancellation of TCA for quackgrass control, increased set-aside, and improved sprayer precision. During the same 5-yr period, Scotland achieved an equivalent reduction without government intervention, indicating that the reductions were largely due to changing herbicide technology. Determining the need for similar programs must take into account: 1. initial use rates (in 1987, average total pesticide use rates in the U.S. and in Sweden were 1.8 and 1.5 kg ai/ha, respectively, and following the mandate period, Swedish use has decreased to 0.8 kg ai/ha); 2. measurement criteria; and 3. the long-term effect of reducing herbicide rates on replenishing the soil weed seed bank reserves.
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Richardson, James W., Edward G. Smith, Ronald D. Knutson und Joe L. Outlaw. „Farm Level Impacts of Reduced Chemical Use on Southern Agriculture“. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 23, Nr. 1 (Juli 1991): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200017787.
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In anticipation of Congressional debates over an expanded environmental title in the 1990 farm bill, several studies on pesticide use and the impacts of reduction were undertaken (e.g., Smith et al., Knutson et al., Osteen and Szmedra, and GRC Economics). Osteen and Szmedra reported that the use of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides increased steadily from post-World War II to 1982 before decreasing as crop prices declined and acreage reduction programs reduced planted acreage. Heightened concerns and perceptions about the presence of pesticides and nitrates in our food and water supplies have led to calls for the reduction and/or elimination of agricultural chemicals. For example, a National Academy of Science study has concluded and therefore fostered the perception that substantial reductions in chemical use are possible without large impacts on production and/or prices.
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Shaleh, Mohammad Ilyas, Hery Toiba, Abdul Wahib Muhaimin, Febriananda Faizal und Moh Shadiqur Rahman. „The Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Pesticides Use of Potato Farmers in Indonesia“. Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 16, Nr. 1 (30.03.2024): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2024.160107.
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Reducing pesticides is an important driver in preserving a healthy and sustainable environment and protecting human health. In the digital era, understanding the role of information and communication technology (ICT) on pesticide use in crucial. Therefore, This study aim to estimate the impact of ICT on farmers’ pesticide used. This study uses a cross-sectional data from a survey to 150 farmers in Indonesia. Furthermore, the data is analyzed by ordinary least square (OLS) and instrumental variable quantile regression (IVQR). The main results indicate that ICT has an essential impact on pesticide used reduction. Farmers who has access on the ICT tend to use lower pesticide that the farmers who did not use the ICT. The IVQR results, make the claim more robust, which is show a negative and significant impact of ICT on farmers pesticide use in all quartile groups. Therefore, this finding implies that there is a need to develop agriculture related ICT continuously among smallholder farmers to reduce the pesticide use.
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El-Sayed, E., H. Hassan, A. Abd El-Raouf und S. N. Salman. „Investigation of the effects of household processing on the reduction rate of chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl and diazinon residues in orange fruit“. Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 14, Nr. 2 (01.07.2021): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2021-0007.
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Summary The effect of the household processing on the reduction rate of chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl and diazinon residues in contaminated oranges has been investigated and the processing factors were determined. The evaluation included validation parameters, matrix effect (ME %), reduction behavior and processing factors (PFs). Validation parameters were successfully applied; the three pesticides showed satisfactory recovery (70–120%) and precision (relative standard deviation - RSD<20%); they also exhibited no matrix effect. The most effective process in the pesticide residues reduction was juicing, followed by pulping while the washing process was less efficient in removing all pesticide residues; sonication showed a high reduction rate with both chlorpyrifos and diazinon. The processing factors (PFs) were generally less than one which indicates that all processes can reduce pesticide residues in oranges. The results could guide the safe and reasonable use of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and metalaxyl. These processes contribute substantially to reduce consumer exposure to pesticide residues in oranges.
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Sun, Shengyang, Chao Zhang und Ruifa Hu. „Determinants and overuse of pesticides in grain production“. China Agricultural Economic Review 12, Nr. 2 (03.01.2020): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-07-2018-0152.
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Purpose The negative externalities of pesticide overuse increasingly concern the public. However, little empirical evidence has been provided for pesticide overuse and the relationship between the governmental agricultural extension system reforms and pesticide use in grain production from a nationwide perspective. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the productive effect and overuse of pesticides, and it also investigates the effect of the governmental agricultural extension system reforms on pesticide expenditure in rice, maize and wheat production in China. Design/methodology/approach A two-equation system model consisting of an exponential-specific damage-control production function and a pesticide use function is applied to the provincial-level data during the period 1985–2016. Findings While pesticide expenditure significantly increases grain productivity, the actual pesticide expenditure exceeds the economically optimal level. The commercialization reform of the governmental agricultural extension system contributed to the increase in pesticide expenditure. Moreover, the de-commercialization reform of the governmental agricultural extension system plays a limited role in pesticide reduction. Price fluctuations for grain and pesticide also impose significant effects on pesticide expenditure. Originality/value This study has two important policy implications for pesticide reduction in China. It is urgent to specify the functions of the governmental agricultural extension system, and encourage the development of the socialized agricultural technology service. More efforts should also be made to remove the bureaucratic intervention on the pricing mechanism of grain product and pesticide.
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Tahir, R., F. Afzal, H. Jamil, M. Razzaq und M. S. Khan. „PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF PESTICIDAL CONTAMINATION: CHALLENGE TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND BIODEGRADATION METHODS“. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences 40, Nr. 1 (04.07.2024): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47432/2024.40.1.4.
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Pesticides are chemicals used to eliminate pests and increase crop yield, as well as to control parasites in livestock. Their widespread use over the past two eras has led to increased agricultural yields but has also caused environmental issues. These chemicals can reduce the quality of the environment, impact vital ecosystem functions by decreasing species diversity, altering food pathways, and affecting energy patterns and nutrient cycling. Pesticides affect living organisms in various ways. Long-term exposure can reduce growth, reproduction, and survival of fish and other aquatic populations. Amphibians, which have semi-permeable skin and lay eggs in water, are particularly susceptible to pesticides during breeding and foraging. Birds can also be affected by continuous pesticide use. Ponds with standing water may recover more slowly from pesticide exposure compared to flowing water bodies. Livestock can be exposed to pesticides through contaminated fodder or water, which can have detrimental effects. Heavy pesticide treatment of soil can reduce beneficial soil microorganisms and alter the chemical structure of plants. Pesticide poisoning causes approximately one million global deaths and chronic disorders in humans each year. The use of pesticides also harms insect pollinators directly and indirectly through the reduction of appropriate pollinator communities, leading to crop damage. To reduce environmental contamination, it is important to minimize the use of pesticides and explore alternative methods of pest control.
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Kowalska, Grażyna, Urszula Pankiewicz und Radosław Kowalski. „Assessment of Pesticide Content in Apples and Selected Citrus Fruits Subjected to Simple Culinary Processing“. Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 3 (28.01.2022): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031417.
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Over the span of the last decade, certain pesticides have been banned in apple tree and citrus tree cultivations. Hence, it is important to conduct research focused on estimating the occurrence of residues of pesticides from the perspective of compliance with the relevant legislative regulations. Equally important is to estimate the reduction in pesticide residues through simple procedures such as washing and peeling. This research was conducted in the years 2012 and 2020. An assessment was made of the effect of in-house processing, such as conventional washing with tap water and peeling, on the level of pesticide residues in apples and citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruits and lemons). The level of pesticide residue was determined with the use of the QuEChERS method of extraction in conjunction with LC-MS/MS analysis. One can clearly observe a smaller number of pesticides identified in the edible parts of fruits in 2020 (seven pesticides in apples and three in citrus fruits) compared to 2012 (26 pesticides in apples and 4 in citrus fruits). In apples from 2012, only in the case of disulfoton was the maximum residue limit (MRL) exceeded, while in samples of apples from 2020 no instance of exceeded MRL was noted. This study did not reveal exceeded MRL values in the edible parts of citrus fruits in the analysed years. The absence of detected instances of pesticides not approved for use in the analysed years indicates that the producers complied with the relevant legislative regulations. The results obtained indicate that conventional washing with water (about 1.5 L/one fruit) did not have any effect on the level of pesticide residues in the analysed fruits. Apple peeling allowed for a reduction in pesticide levels in the range of 24% (carbendazim) to 100% (triflumuron, thiodicarb, tebuconazole).
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Liu, Yi, Hanyue Wang, Chongxu Liu, Mengding Li und Dingde Xu. „The Impact of Outsourcing Service Adoption on Pesticide Application Reduction from the Perspective of the Principal–Agent Theory: An Empirical Study from Rural China“. Land 13, Nr. 12 (29.11.2024): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13122046.
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Pesticide application has significantly aided global agriculture, but the overuse of pesticides also poses a threat to sustainable agriculture development in the future. The application of outsourcing services in the pesticide application process is a good way to promote pesticide reduction, but the actual effect is not satisfactory. The possible reason is ignorance of the regulatory role of supervision and land management scale. Based on the data of 1490 corn growers, this research investigates how outsourcing service application affects pesticide application intensity through the principal–agent theory through the instrumental variable method and examines the moderator effect of supervision and land management scale. The study found that: (1) Farmers who applied outsourcing services during pesticide application process constituted 15% of the farmers in the sample, and the average pesticide cost per 0.000667 km2 was USD 7.59; (2) The use of outsourcing services in the pesticide application process can lower the pesticide application intensity; (3) The application of outsourcing services in the pesticide application process has received the regulatory role of supervision and land management scale in reducing the intensity of pesticide application. Specifically, supervision can play a positive regulatory role, and land management scale plays a negative regulatory role. The research is helpful to deepen the understanding of the correlation between outsourcing service adoption and pesticide application reduction and provide decision-making reference for the formulation and improvement of pesticide reduction-related policies.
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Morse, Joseph G. „Agricultural implications of pesticide-induced hormesis of insects and mites“. Human & Experimental Toxicology 17, Nr. 5 (Mai 1998): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719801700510.
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Resurgence of pest insects and mites and secondary pest outbreaks are commonly observed following pesticide applications on agricultural commodities. Reduction of natural enemy populations is the major factor blamed for these phenomena but insect or mite hormesis is a second, often overlooked factor which may be partially responsible. A major impact of hormesis is that it often leads to the need for additional pesticide treatments and can result in a spiralling increase in the use of pesticides, a term labelled in entomological literature as the `pesticide syndrome'.
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Hutter, Hans-Peter, Michael Poteser, Kathrin Lemmerer, Peter Wallner, Michael Kundi, Hanns Moshammer und Lisbeth Weitensfelder. „Health Symptoms Related to Pesticide Use in Farmers and Laborers of Ecological and Conventional Banana Plantations in Ecuador“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 3 (27.01.2021): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031126.
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Conventional banana farming is pesticide-intensive and leads to high exposure of farmworkers. Ecuador is the world’s biggest exporter of bananas. In this field study in 5 communities in Ecuador, we recorded potentially pesticide-associated subjective health symptoms in farmworkers and compared pesticide users to workers in organic farming. With one exception, symptom rates were always higher in the pesticide-exposed group. Significance was reached in 8 out of 19 investigated symptoms with the highest odds ratios (and smallest p-values) for local irritation like skin and eye irritation (OR = 3.58, CI 1.10–11.71, and 4.10, CI 1.37–12.31, respectively) as well as systemic symptoms like dizziness (OR = 4.80, CI 1.55–14.87) and fatigue (OR = 4.96, CI 1.65–14.88). Moreover, gastrointestinal symptoms were reported more frequently by pesticide users: nausea (OR = 7.5, CI 1.77–31.77) and diarrhea (OR = 6.43, CI 1.06–30.00). The majority of farmworkers were not adequately protected from pesticide exposure. For example, only 3 of 31 farmworkers that had used pesticides recently reported using gloves and only 6 reported using masks during active spraying. Improved safety measures and a reduction in pesticide use are necessary to protect the health of banana farmworkers.
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Santaweesuk, Sapsatree, Paisit Boonyakawee und Wattasit Siriwong. „Knowledge, attitude and practice of pesticide use and serum cholinesterase levels among rice farmers in Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand“. Journal of Health Research 34, Nr. 5 (18.06.2020): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-09-2019-0204.
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PurposeThe study purposes were to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of pesticide use and to determine the levels of serum cholinesterase among rice farmers in Nakhon Nayok province, Thailand.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was carried out in communities in Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand. Multistage random sampling was employed, selecting one person per each rice farmer household. Data was collected from 188 rice farmers using a structured face-to-face interview questionnaire. A reactive-paper finger-blood test was used to determine SChE levels. Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between the practice of pesticide use and SChE levels.FindingsThe results indicated that the rice farmers had a fairly good knowledge and a neutral attitude toward the practice of pesticide use. Most of the respondents had a fairly proper practice of pesticide use. However, serum cholinesterase levels of the farmers were unsafe and risky. It signified that 68.1% of the farmers had a health risk from using pesticides. The prevalence of abnormal SChE levels among rice farmers with improper use was significantly higher than that among rice farmers who had a proper use.Research limitations/implicationsThe result provided a guideline for operational planning and control and prevention of health effects from pesticides use in farmers or other agriculturists who use pesticides in cultivation.Practical implicationsConcerned local agencies especially health-related agencies are able to conduct a training to educate and build safety awareness including monitoring continuously the safety behaviors toward pesticides use. It can be implemented by establishing leaders from health promoting hospitals led by village health volunteers, community leaders and participation from farmers to collaboratively monitor proper use of pesticides beginning with health surveillance in the abnormal SChE group to be screened for pesticide exposure every six months or one year.Social implicationsFarmers gained knowledge and understanding of pesticides use and used it properly, which resulted in a reduction of pesticide residues in body as well as in the environment. In addition, the government policy should legislate measures for related agencies to promote proper use of pesticides. For instance, Department of Agriculture, Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives should regularly supervise, monitor and inspect the production and distribution of pesticides in local shops and also systematically encourage agriculturists to adopt using pesticides that are less harmful.Originality/valueHaving knowledge, understanding and proper practices toward pesticides use, farmers can reduce health effects of pesticides use in themselves and family members.
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DASSOU, Anicet, Corinne ANAGONOU, Sènan VODOUHE, Aristide ADJAI-EDIKOU, Silvère TOVIGNAN, Barrès DASSOU, Delphine BODJRENOU, Valentin KINDOMIHOU, Léonard AFOUDA und Simplice VODOUHE. „Farmer’s perception of agrochemical use on honeybees and honey production in Benin: Implication for organic honey production“. Annales de l’Université de Parakou - Série Sciences Naturelles et Agronomie 13, Nr. 1 (30.06.2023): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56109/aup-sna.v12i2.25.
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Beekeeping faces numerous challenges, including the use of agrochemicals. Honeybee colonies are lost because of chemical pesticides use in agriculture to control pests and diseases, which affects detoxifying mechanisms and immune responses, making them more vulnerable to parasites. The purpose of this study was to investigate people’s perception of the impact of agricultural pesticide use on the honeybee community and honey production in northern Benin. A survey was conducted using a questionnaire among 100 beekeepers. Individual interviews were used to gather information on treated crops, the distance between beehives and these cultivated fields, the effect of pesticides and herbicides, alternative methods to pesticide use and honey production. Chemical pesticides such as Callifor G, Kalach, Atrazila 80 WP, Herbextra, Atraforce, Adwumawura (480 SL), Cottonex, Thalis, Cotonix and Cypercal P 330 EC were used in agricultural fields, and beehives were typically found near treated fields. The majority of beekeepers (79%) are aware of the risks associated with pesticides and employ non-pesticide alternatives such as biopesticides to minimize them. In general, beekeepers reported a reduction in the big breed of bees and a 40% decrease in the little breed. When the beehives were placed far away from the treated areas, the honey yield was higher. Alternative pest management strategies to farmers' pesticide use would result in long-term increases in honey production and would constitute the main step of the conversion to organic apiculture in northern Benin.
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Khagi, Sajana. „Assessing Washing Methods for Reduction of Pesticide Residues in Green Leafy Vegetables“. Khwopa Journal 5, Nr. 2 (29.12.2023): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60444.
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The use and import of pesticides have been increasing each year to increase agricultural production. The most highly consumed pesticide in Nepal is fungicide followed by insecticide, herbicide and others. Exposure to these pesticides may result in serious health effects. The main route of exposure is the consumption of contaminated fruits and vegetables. Many studies have shown to reduce the pesticide residues level through various culinary and processing treatments. This experiment was carried out to compare the effectiveness of four washing methods to reduce pesticide residues in vegetables. These comprised of running water method, washing by using NaHCO3, NaCl, and vinegar solution. The leafy vegetable samples, Bok choy (N=61) were purchased from local markets and analyzed for the contents of the two pesticides, 2,4-D and atrazine. Samples were extracted using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with stable isotopically-labelled internal standards. The quality of the method was examined in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). Washing vegetables under running tap water significantly decreased (p<0.05) 2,4-D residues by 50%. However, atrazine residues were not reduced significantly from washing under running water but washing with vinegar had a significant effect. This study suggests that washing vegetables before consumption is important to reduce intake of pesticides and associated health risks.
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Zheng, Qiuqin, Xiaoting Wen, Xintian Xiu, Xiaoke Yang und Qiuhua Chen. „Can the Part Replace the Whole? A Choice Experiment on Organic and Pesticide-Free Labels“. Foods 11, Nr. 17 (24.08.2022): 2564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11172564.
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Chemical pesticides are a serious impediment to agricultural sustainability. A large-scale reduction in their use to secure food supplies requires more innovative and flexible production systems. Pesticide-free production standards bring together the strengths of all participants in the food value chain and could be the catalyst for this transition. Using a choice experiment approach and green tea as an example, this study investigated consumers’ preferences for organic and pesticide-free labels. According to the findings, organic and pesticide-free labels and brands are all major factors that affect consumers’ purchase decisions. Consumers are more willing to pay for organic labels than pesticide-free labels. There is a substitution effect between organic labels and pesticide-free labels. Complementary effects exist between organic labels and national brands, pesticide-free labels, and national brands. Consumer trust has an impact on consumers’ choice of organic labels and pesticide-free labels. The use of pesticide-free labels is an alternate approach for small- and medium-sized businesses in a specific market to lower the cost of organic certification.
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Nielsen, David. „Evaluation of Biorational Pesticides for Use in Arboriculture“. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 16, Nr. 4 (01.04.1990): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1990.022.
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Pest control in urban and community forests is undergoing rapid change in Canada and The United States of America. Anyone who has been involved in pest control during the past 20 years realizes that the rules for pesticide use and their availability have been and are changing. Improved ability to detect minute amounts of pesticide residue, environmental awareness and activism, and increased demand for higher quality landscapes require creativity in terms of pest control approaches and products. Impending legislation and changing consumer attitudes mandate reduction in use of conventional pesticides in landscape maintenance. Biorational insecticides and acaricides, including horticultural oils, insecticidal soaps, bacterial preparations, and entomogeneous nematodes are under increasing development and are being used more widely in arboriculture. Results of investigations with some of these biorational products against important pests of trees and shrubs are reported.
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Tucker, Samuel, Georgiana-Diana Dumitriu (Gabur) und Carmen Teodosiu. „Pesticides Identification and Sustainable Viticulture Practices to Reduce Their Use: An Overview“. Molecules 27, Nr. 23 (24.11.2022): 8205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238205.
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The use of pesticides is a necessary practice in the modern era. Therefore, it is impossible to ignore the pesticide market, which has developed into one of the most lucrative in the world. Nowadays, humans are subjected to many potential risks, and significant amounts of toxic compounds enter their bodies through food, drink, and the air itself. Identification and quantification of these hazardous compounds is crucial for the sustainable development of an increasing world population which poses high climatic and political constraints on agricultural production systems. The maximum residue limits for pesticides have been regulated by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and European Union to protect human health. In this review, we have summarized and explained the analytical methods for pesticide extraction and determination. Also, sustainable viticulture practices like organic vineyards, tillage, biopesticides, nanobiopesticides, and precision viticulture are briefly discussed. These new techniques allow wine growers to be more profitable and efficient, while contributing to the reduction of pests and increasing the quality of wines.
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Negatu, Beyene, und Kromhout Hans. „P.2.21 Occupational pesticide exposure associated with a reduction of respiratory parameters in ethiopian farm workers“. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A93.2—A93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.254.
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There are reports of unsafe occupational handling and use of pesticide in recently intensifying commercial farming systems in Ethiopia. Very few studies reported the effect of occupational pesticide exposure on smaller airway respiratory parameters of farm workers from low and middle-income counties. A cross-sectional spirometry survey was carried out on randomly selected 387 subjects with an objective of investigating whether occupational exposure to pesticides is associated with a reduction in values of smaller airway respiratory parameters. 206 occupationally exposed (142 male pesticide applicators and 64 female re-entry workers) selected from commercial farms and 180 occupationally un-exposed male and female individuals involved in the survey. After controlling for potential confounders, pesticide exposure in male study subjects was associated with reduced respiratory parameters of Forced Expired Flow at 25% of vital capacity (FEF25%) (l/s) [β=−0.69 (95% CI −1.11_−0.27)] and Forced Expired Flow at 75% of vital capacity (FEF75%) (l/s) [β=−0.49 (95% CI −0.78_−0.20]. Also a reduction in respiratory parameters of Forced Expired Flow at 50% of vital capacity (FEF50%) [β=−0.52 (95% CI −0.95_−0.09)] was seen among exposed female subjects. The study indicated occupational exposure to pesticides is associated with a reduction of respiratory parameters of smaller airways in both male and female farm workers. Further longitudinal studies on respiratory parameters are warranted in Ethiopian farm workers.
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Lohr, Luanne, Timothy Park und Michael Wetzstein. „Voluntary Economic and Environmental Risk Tradeoffs in Crop Protection Decisions“. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 27, Nr. 1 (April 1998): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106828050000174x.
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An indirect utility model is employed for measuring farmers’ willingness to voluntarily accept yield losses for a reduction in environmental risk by decreasing pesticide use. Results support the hypothesis that farmers have self-described risk perceptions that enable them to make assessments of risk-yield tradeoffs. Policies designed to encourage and assist farmers making voluntary pesticide reductions can result in environmental risk reduction.
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Becerra, Kevin, Soumya Ghosh und Liliana Godoy. „Pesticide and Yeast Interaction in Alcoholic Fermentation: A Mini-Review“. Fermentation 9, Nr. 3 (08.03.2023): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9030266.
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The current investigation briefly reviews previous studies about the fate of pesticides used in wine grape production during the alcoholic fermentation process, and how these could affect the correct functioning of yeast. The present review discusses the fact that yeasts could be used as a biological tool for pesticide dissipation, diminishing the concentration present in the grapes during the production process. The previous have never been directly boarded by other authors. The first part explores the influences of pesticides on yeasts and elucidates their effect on the fermentation process; also, some examples are analyzed of molecular studies involving the effect of pesticides on yeast. The second part discusses the effect of yeast on pesticide residues and their capacity to reduce its concentration during the alcoholic fermentation process, which varies among the different pesticides. In addition, this review discusses the mechanism by which yeast cells adsorb and/or degrade pesticides. In the last part, some examples of using yeasts as a possible remediation tool in wine and how the industry could use this to ensure consumers that a product is without pesticide residues are also discussed. This review shows that there is a natural capacity for the reduction of pesticide residue concentration by yeasts, and the effects of pesticides on yeast development is a variable phenomenon. This information guides advancement in pesticide removal from wine.
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Marcel, Kara N., Gomgnimbou Alain P.K., Sanon Abdramane, Gomgnimbou Michel K., Ouedraogo Osée W. und Sangare Ibrahim. „Determinants of Pesticides Choice in Market Gardening in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas of the Cities of Bobo-Dioulasso and Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso“. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, Nr. 8 (22.08.2024): 1101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84943.
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In Burkina Faso, population growth and accelerated urbanization are accompanied by an increase in agricultural production, in order to meet the growing demand for food, especially vegetables. The objective of this study is to identify the factors that influence the use of pesticides in market gardening in urban and peri-urban areas of Burkina Faso. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2023 among 393 farmers, selected by proportional stratified random sampling in the two communes of Bobo Dioulasso and Ouagadougou. The average age of the surveyed population was 44.43 years. Of the total sample, 65.9% were male, and the average cultivated area was 0.28 hectares. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the factors that influence the use of pesticide. The results show that the experience of discomfort following pesticide application, the occurrence of accidents during pesticide use, and the perception of the dangerousness of pesticides to human health and the environment are variables that exert a significant and positive influence on pesticide use. Furthermore, a greater willingness to accept effective alternatives has been found to reduce the probability of using pesticides by 97.3%, with a statistically significant coefficient and a very low p-value (0.000). Moreover, each increase in annual income is associated with a reduction in the probability of not using chemical pesticides by 0.1%, with a statistically significant coefficient and a very low p-value (0.000). In the context of the search for rational use of pesticides, it is necessary to characterize the cropping systems in the urban and peri-urban market gardening sites of Bobo Dioulasso and Ouagadougou.
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Gianessi, Leonard, Kristin Rury und Alexander Rinkus. „An Evaluation of Pesticide Use Reduction Policies in Scandinavia“. Outlooks on Pest Management 20, Nr. 6 (01.12.2009): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/20dec08.
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Sæthre, May-Guri, Hege M. Ørpen und Trond Hofsvang. „Action programmes for pesticide risk reduction and pesticide use in different crops in Norway“. Crop Protection 18, Nr. 3 (April 1999): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-2194(99)00018-6.
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Yan, Aqian, Xiaofeng Luo, Lin Tang und Sanxia Du. „The Effect of Agricultural Extension Service Need-Supply Fit on Biological Pesticides Adoption Behavior: Evidence from Chinese Rice Farmers“. Agriculture 13, Nr. 11 (30.10.2023): 2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13112074.
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Agricultural extension services play an important role in promoting pesticide reduction and green production, although the mismatch between farmers’ needs and service supply in rural China seriously affects the application and promotion of biological pesticides, which has been generally ignored by existing studies. Taking 1160 rice farmers in Hubei Province, China, as an example, this study constructs a need-supply fit model of agricultural extension services from the perspectives of need and supply. We further use the logit model and propensity score matching method (PSM) to estimate the effect of service need-supply fit on farmers’ biological pesticide adoption behavior. The specific results are as follows: First, the level of need-supply fit for agricultural extension services was low for the overall sample. This indicates that the agricultural extension service supply is not consistent with the actual needs of farmers. Second, the agricultural extension service need-supply fit significantly and positively affects farmers’ biological pesticide adoption behavior. Third, there are significant differences in farmers’ biological pesticide adoption behaviors under different need-supply fit. When the level of service need-supply fit exceeds the 0.2 threshold, the positive effect of service need-supply fit on farmers’ biological pesticide adoption behavior gradually increases. Fourth, the agricultural extension service need-supply fit indirectly increases farmers’ motivation to adopt biological pesticides by regularizing biological pesticide use behavior and alleviating path dependency. Therefore, the main body of agricultural extension services should optimize the adjustment of the supply mode of agricultural extension services to fully grasp the reality of farmers’ need for biological pesticides in order to promote the application of biological pesticides.
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Sanchi ID, Alhassan YJ, Musa SY, Suleiman YS, Utono MS und Abubakar H. „Examination of the economic and environmental factors affecting pesticides handling and usage and its effects on man and the environment in Danko/Wasagu Local Government Area, Kebbi State, Nigeria“. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 11, Nr. 2 (30.08.2021): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.2.0374.
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The study examined the Economic and Environmental Factors Influencing Pesticides Handling and Usage in Danko/Wasagu Local Government area of Kebbi State, Nigeria. Structured Questionnaires were used to obtained information from the respondents. Descriptive statistics comprising frequency distribution tables and percentages, Mean and Ranking were used for Data Analysis. The result of the study showed that majority of the respondents (90%) were male while female formed the minority in pesticide usage with only (10%). The study also showed that all the respondents (100%) were married and engaged in agricultural activities. The study further revealed that all the respondents never had any formal training on the use of pesticide from either governmental or non -governmental organizations. The research study also found out that all (100%) of the respondents were not aware of pesticide effects on man and environment. On the economic and environmental factors affecting pesticide handling and usage, it was found out that, the effect of pesticide on man and the environment is in the form of Nausea, Dizziness, Diarrhea, Respiratory Difficulty, Skin Irritation, Rashes, and Fever, Peeling of the Skin, Vomiting, and Headache. These were discovered to be the serious effects of pesticides on man. However, it was found out that the effects of pesticides on the environment were in the form of pollution, annihilation of the micro fauna and flora and reduction in land viability on the occasion of repeated usage over time, pollution of water bodies, pollution of the atmosphere, depletion of plat population etc. It is concluded that respondents were posed with serious challenges on pesticide usage and handling. It is therefore recommended that appropriate authorities should enforce the use of protective clothing, appropriate equipment and correct handling practices when using pesticides. Existing pesticide regulations and monitoring policies should be enforced. Government should also intensify efforts at registering and controlling distribution of pesticides and banning hazardous ones. It should also enforce the making of less toxic pesticides available to farmers.
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Andreev, Timofey, und Vasiliy Tsygankov. „Effect of Technological Processing of Plant Raw Materials on the Reduction of Pesticide Residues in Finished Products“. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 52, Nr. 2 (06.07.2022): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-2-2360.
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Pesticides in food cause great harm to human health. Unfortunately, agricultural pests make their use unavoidable. However, special processing can lower the content of pesticides in plant products. The present article summarizes and systematizes the previously obtained data on the possible reduction of contaminant residues in plant products during various processing stages.
The review featured 30 years of domestic and foreign publications on pesticides in Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Springer, PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar.
Proper technological processing can reduce the concentration of pesticides by 99%. However, particular physicochemical properties can lead to the accumulation of the xenobiotics, which may later transform into more dangerous compounds. Such cases require special operations to remove pesticides. Most contaminants usually remain on the surface. As a result, peeling and chemical washing seem to be the most effective method of anti-pesticide technological processing. These procedures can lower the amount of pesticides by 85% and more, if repeated. Eventually, the remaining pesticides fall below 7.5% of the initial content.
The review structured information on the anti-pesticide procedures in food industry. By combining various methods, farmers can increase the biosafety of their products. Further research is prospective because the number of compounds used as pesticides continue to grow.
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Verhoeven, J. T. W., G. A. A. Wossink und J. A. W. A. Reus. „An environmental yardstick in farm economic modelling of future pesticide use: the case of arable farming“. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 42, Nr. 4 (01.12.1994): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v42i4.592.
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The integration of a new environmental yardstick for pesticide use in an economic farm model designed to monitor the environmental-economic interplay under changing price and policy conditions is discussed. The model is used to compare the effects of two control systems for pesticide use in arable farming in the Netherlands: the governmental system focusing on the amount of active ingredients used per hectare; and an alternative based on the detailed environmental criteria of the yardstick. The application for arable farming on a sandy soil indicates that, in the context of the national pesticides use reduction objectives for the year 2000, the economic effects of the two systems are similar. The environmental implications are far better represented by the yardstick, however.
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Sumiati, Astri, und Reza Prakoso Dwi Julianto. „ANALISA RESIDU PESTISIDA DI WILAYAH MALANG DAN PENANGGULANGANYA UNTUK KEAMANAN PANGAN BUAH JERUK“. BUANA SAINS 18, Nr. 2 (02.02.2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/bs.v18i2.1185.
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The use of pesticides is widely used in the production of citrus fruits for protection before and after harvest. The use of pesticides on a broad scale can pollute the environment and leave residues in plants and in plants such as fruit leaves and tubers. A survey was conducted to evaluate the level of pesticide residues in citrus fruits. The survey method is carried out by recording pesticide use by farmers and traders. The survey will be conducted in Dau, Batu and Poncokusumo Districts, Malang Regency by interviewing 10 farmers and 10 orange traders in each District. The Gas Cromatography method was carried out to measure the levels of pesticide residues tested at the Angler Biochemlab Laboratory, Surabaya. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the levels of pesticide residues in citrus fruits then compared to the Maximum Residue Limit (BMR) through SNI 7313: 2008 quality standards on agricultural products. The residue levels of profenofos in farmer samples were found to be higher at 0.108 ppm compared to the sample from traders, namely 0.050 ppm at the Tegalweru village research site. In addition, traders in the village of Poncokusumo knew the imidaclroripid content was close to the maximum threshold of 0.040 ppm in farmer samples and 0.010 ppm in the merchant sample. Decreased levels of pesticide residues on food can be done with several approaches, namely physically and chemically. Reduction of pesticide residues in agricultural products can be done in several ways including by washing products with running water for several times or can also be done by soaking in water for one hour
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Ridoutt, Bradley, Danielle Baird, Javier Navarro und Gilly A. Hendrie. „Pesticide Toxicity Footprints of Australian Dietary Choices“. Nutrients 13, Nr. 12 (29.11.2021): 4314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124314.
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Pesticides are widely used in food production, yet the potential harm associated with their emission into the environment is rarely considered in the context of sustainable diets. In this study, a life cycle assessment was used to quantify the freshwater ecotoxicity, human toxicity carcinogenic effects, and human toxicity noncarcinogenic effects associated with pesticide use in relation to 9341 individual Australian adult daily diets. The three environmental indicators were also combined into a pesticide toxicity footprint, and a diet quality score was applied to each diet. Energy-dense and nutrient-poor discretionary foods, fruits, and protein-rich foods were the sources of most of the dietary pesticide impacts. Problematically, a dietary shift toward recommended diets was found to increase the pesticide toxicity footprint compared to the current average diet. Using a quadrant analysis, a recommended diet was identified with a 38% lower pesticide toxicity footprint. This was achieved mainly through a reduction in the discretionary food intake and by limiting the choice of fresh fruits. As the latter contradicts dietary recommendations to eat a variety of fruits of different types and colors, we concluded that dietary change may not be the best approach to lowering the environmental impacts of pesticides in the food system. Instead, targeted action in the horticultural industry may be more effective. Consumers might encourage this transition by supporting growers that reduce pesticide use and apply less environmentally harmful active ingredients.
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Bacon, Marie-Hélène, Louise Vandelac, Marc-André Gagnon und Lise Parent. „Poisoning Regulation, Research, Health, and the Environment: The Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Case in Canada“. Toxics 11, Nr. 2 (26.01.2023): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020121.
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Despite discourse advocating pesticide reduction, there has been an exponential increase in pesticide use worldwide in the agricultural sector over the last 30 years. Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely used pesticides on the planet as well as in Canada, where a total of almost 470 million kilograms of declared “active” ingredient glyphosate was sold between 2007 and 2018. GBHs accounted for 58% of pesticides used in the agriculture sector in Canada in 2017. While the independent scientific literature on the harmful health and environmental impacts of pesticides such as GBHs is overwhelming, Canada has only banned 32 “active” pesticide ingredients out of 531 banned in 168 countries, and reapproved GBHs in 2017 until 2032. This article, based on interdisciplinary and intersectoral research, will analyze how as a result of the scientific and regulatory captures of relevant Canadian agencies by the pesticide industry, the Canadian regulation and scientific assessment of pesticides are deficient and lagging behind other countries, using the GBH case as a basis for analysis. It will show how, by embracing industry narratives and biased evidence, by being receptive to industry demands, and by opaque decision making and lack of transparency, Health Canada’s Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) promotes commercial interests over the imperatives of public health and environmental protection.
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Argüelles, Lucía, und Hug March. „A relational approach to pesticide use: Farmers, herbicides, nutsedge, and the weedy path to pesticide use reduction objectives“. Journal of Rural Studies 101 (Juli 2023): 103046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2023.103046.
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Nicastro, Rosalinda, Mattia Papale, Giovanna Marta Fusco, Annalinda Capone, Biagio Morrone und Petronia Carillo. „Legal Barriers in Sustainable Agriculture: Valorization of Agri-Food Waste and Pesticide Use Reduction“. Sustainability 16, Nr. 19 (08.10.2024): 8677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16198677.
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The transition to sustainability in agriculture faces significant challenges, especially to balance environmental goals with the practical demands of food production. This paper examines two different case studies that reveal the complexities of agricultural regulation. The first case focuses on the valorization of agri-food residual biomasses, highlighting the potential to transform food waste into valuable bioproducts such as bioenergy and biofertilizers. Despite the clear environmental and economic benefits, the absence of specific European regulations hinders the widespread adoption of these practices. Without clear rules for achieving “end-of-waste” status, the development and marketing of bio-based products remain restricted. The second case study examines the European Union’s unsuccessful effort to implement the Sustainable Use of Pesticides Regulation (SUR), which aimed to reduce pesticide use by 50% by 2030. Although the regulation sought to align agricultural practices with the EU’s Green Deal, it triggered widespread protests from farmers concerned about the potential economic losses and decreased productivity. These two cases, one showing under-regulation and the other over-regulation, highlight the need for balanced and practical regulatory frameworks that promote sustainability without imposing unrealistic demands on stakeholders. This paper ends with recommendations to harmonize regulations across Europe, ensuring that both innovation in agricultural waste management and practical pesticide reduction strategies are implemented in a way that supports farmers and producers, minimizing economic disruptions and encouraging sustainable agricultural practices.
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Atnafie, Seyfe Asrade, Niguse Yigzaw Muluneh, Kefyalew Ayalew Getahun, Asegedech Tsegaw Woredekal und Wubayehu Kahaliw. „Pesticide Residue Analysis of Khat Leaves and Health Risks among Khat Chewers in the Amhara Region, Northwestern Ethiopia“. Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (24.03.2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4680573.
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Introduction. Farmers use a large number of pesticides to increase the productivity of Khat cultivation. Since Khat is consumed by many Ethiopians as a habit, there may be a significant concentration of pesticide residues in Khat leaves which result in adverse effects among the exposed population. Excess use of pesticides in Khat causes cancer, genotoxicity, and endocrine disturbances. The current study aimed to determine the concentration of selected pesticide residues on Khat leaves samples and to estimate the possible health risk on consumers. Methods. Thirty Khat samples were collected from Khat cultivators in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Pesticide residue extraction and cleanup of Khat samples were performed using the QuEChERS method. Data were also collected about personal variables and Khat consumption habits. The pesticide concentrations were determined and the health risks were estimated. Results. Profenofos, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos were detected in 6 (20%), 24 (80%), and 28 (93.3%) Khat samples, respectively. However, diazinon was detected in two samples and endosulfan I was not detected. The average concentration of chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, profenofos, and diazinon in Khat samples was 75.39 ± 20.26, 130 ± 48.94, 242.45 ± 119.79, and 81.5 ± 21.0 μg/kg, respectively. The HQ for diazinon was greater than 1 which shows the chronic health risks associated with intake of diazinon among Khat chewers. The acute health risks associated with intake of profenofos and diazinon were minimal. Discussion. Pesticide residue exposure is a risk factor for cardiac complications, reduction in antioxidant defense system, and developing neurological symptoms. All the pesticides were higher than the European Union Maximum Residue Levels (EU-MRL). Diazinon has the potential to cause higher chronic health risks. Chronic Khat chewers in the region may face potential health risks from pesticide residues. Awareness creation among people in the study area is necessary to avoid the adverse health effects of pesticide residues.
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Röösli, Martin, Samuel Fuhrimann, Aggrey Atuhaire, Hanna-Andrea Rother, James Dabrowski, Brenda Eskenazi, Erik Jørs et al. „Interventions to Reduce Pesticide Exposure from the Agricultural Sector in Africa: A Workshop Report“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 15 (23.07.2022): 8973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158973.
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Despite the fact that several cases of unsafe pesticide use among farmers in different parts of Africa have been documented, there is limited evidence regarding which specific interventions are effective in reducing pesticide exposure and associated risks to human health and ecology. The overall goal of the African Pesticide Intervention Project (APsent) study is to better understand ongoing research and public health activities related to interventions in Africa through the implementation of suitable target-specific situations or use contexts. A systematic review of the scientific literature on pesticide intervention studies with a focus on Africa was conducted. This was followed by a qualitative survey among stakeholders involved in pesticide research or management in the African region to learn about barriers to and promoters of successful interventions. The project was concluded with an international workshop in November 2021, where a broad range of topics relevant to occupational and environmental health risks were discussed such as acute poisoning, street pesticides, switching to alternatives, or disposal of empty pesticide containers. Key areas of improvement identified were training on pesticide usage techniques, research on the effectiveness of interventions targeted at exposure reduction and/or behavioral changes, awareness raising, implementation of adequate policies, and enforcement of regulations and processes.
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R., Bera, Datta A, Bose S., Barik A.K., Asthana A. und Seal A. „Development of Regenerative Tea Cultivation Models through Dual Approach of Soil and Plant Health Management towards Crop Sustainability, Soil Quality Development, Pesticide Reduction and Climate Change Mitigation: A Case Study from Lakhipara Tea Estate“,. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, Nr. 4 (22.04.2024): 494–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i44135.
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Climate change is a reality and its impact on the tea plantations is apparent in the rise of pest intensity, higher agrochemical use, inconsistent crop yields, declining grand growth period, increased abiotic stress and various other challenges; that threaten long-term sustainability of the Indian tea sector. The urgency to adopt sustainable practices is increasing by the day but to gain time bound results a comprehensive focus encompassing soil and plant health development will be crucial. To deal with climate challenge head-on, the Indian tea industry is making changes at various levels of operations. The sustainable tea initiative at Lakhipara tea estate, was one such attempt by the Goodricke Group Limited in their Dooars tea growing region of West Bengal. The program was initiated in 2014 with an aim to reduce pesticide use, improve soil quality, and produce quality teas while sustaining crop yields, improving renewable energy use and lowering the carbon footprint. Adoption of Inhana Rational Farming (IRF) Technology and taking the essence from ‘Trophobiosis Theory’ of French Scientist F. Chaboussou, the program focused on management of soil and plant health. Three years evaluation of crop yields in respect of the budgeted crop, revealed on an average an excess of 78 kg/ha/year in the project area. In rest of the garden area a contrasting crop loss of 118 kg was recorded per ha during the same period. The higher crop performance positively correlated with the higher nutrient use efficiency which was 17.7 percent higher in the project area (NUENPK : 8.86) as compared to the general garden area (NUENPK : 7.53), which reflected the impact of plant health management towards enhanced nutrient uptake, assimilation and utilization. Assessment of pesticide usage, revealed up to 77% decrease in usage in the project area during 2014-16, as compared to the pre- project year. Comparison with pesticide usage of the Dooars tea growing region during this same period, indicated a 62% lower Crop Pesticide Pollution Index (CPPI) in the project area. The finding indicated a 52 to 77% reduction in the accumulated toxicity potential of the applied pesticides in the project area; thereby accrediting safer tea development under this program, when adjudged in terms of pesticide residue. Assessment of soil quality revealed an overall eight percent increment in Soil Fertility Index (FI) value, with significant improvement in soil microbial activity potential (MAP) values i.e., by almost four times. The finding pointed towards the favourable impact of soil health management primarily through Novcom composting towards enhancement of soil microbial interactions. Post three years of experimentation the overall Soil Quality Iindex (SQI) value increased by 6% in the project area. The finding corroborated a concurrent 6.72% increase in the soil organic carbon stock during the same period. Reduction in use of non- renewable inputs viz. chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the project area was indicated by approximately 40 percent enhancement in energy use efficiency and energy productivity post the assessment period. Carbon assessment in terms of kg CO2 equivalents/ kg made tea (using ACFA version 1.0) indicated approx. 65 to 70 % lower footprint in the project area, primarily due to 20 to 30 % reduction in chemical fertilizers and 60 to 70 % reduction in the use of synthetic pesticides. The results indicated that while integrated soil management is the pre-requisite criteria towards rejuvenation of soil health and for restoration of the habitat for predators, it does not play a direct role in reducing the pest pressure and simultaneously the requirement of pesticides. Physiologically activated plants/ bushes on the other hand; due to their higher nutrient assimilation capacity and efficient protein synthesis are always lesser susceptible to pest attack. Hence, focus on activation of plant physiology can reduce the plant- pest interaction leading to a natural reduction in the requirement for pesticides vis-à-vis the pesticide usage.
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Balawejder, Maciej, Radosław Józefczyk, Piotr Antos und Marcin Pieniążek. „A method for remediation of soil contaminated with simazine“. Archives of Environmental Protection 42, Nr. 3 (01.09.2016): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2016-0024.
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Abstract Although the utilization of pesticides accounted for the group of persistent organic pollutants was banned years ago, a count of pesticides are still directly or indirectly a source of contamination in Europe. One of them, simazine is still allowed for use in the United States. Aim of this experiment was development of soil remediation method which could be utilized for degradation triazine class pesticides – simazine was an example used. A method for soil remediation based on ozonation processes in fluidized bed was successfully utilized for removal of simazine from contaminated soil. For the study soil highly contaminated with simazine up to the concentration of 0.05% w/w was used. Determination of the pesticide levels in soil was performed using extraction and gas chromatography. The method allowed 80% reduction of pesticide concentration level. The degradation of pesticide was accompanied with changes of physicochemical parameters of soil, i.e., decrease of pH and a increase of nitrates concentration. Despite changes in physicochemical properties of the soil, the developed method proved to be highly effective and can be successfully applied on an industrial scale.
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Yayok Suryo Purnomo und Gusvia Kusuma Dhiningrum. „Bioremediasi Lahan Tercemar Pestisida dengan Cara Pengomposan di Perkebunan Apel Batu“. INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 2, Nr. 3 (28.06.2023): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55123/insologi.v2i3.1839.
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The use of unprocedural and ineffective intensive synthetic pesticides by farmers in Batu City has become commonplace and is common. An alternative treatment that can be done is to utilize the activity of microorganisms to degrade these pesticides, which is called bioremediation. Preliminary research was conducted to determine the quality of pesticide-contaminated soil by varying the C/N ratio and water content. The main research was carried out by calculating pesticide residues in the soil using the shaker method and then injecting them into Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). To determine the activity of microorganisms, we isolated microorganisms. The composting temperature is close to room temperature on days 25–28. The decrease in temperature causes the activity of bacteria to decrease. The C/N 30 treatment showed the lowest residue concentration compared to the C/N ratios of 35 and 40. The C/N 30 treatment consisted of soil, cow dung, organic matter residue, and sawdust. The reduction in pesticide residues (99%) was higher than the control and treatment, with a C/N ratio of 40. The variation in the C/N ratio in the bioremediation process affected the rate of degradation of the pesticide. Pesticide residues in the control, C/N 40, C/N 35, and C/N 30, respectively, decreased in concentration during the 28 days of the composting process as follows: 48.3%, 86.2%, 89.7%, and 99.3%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the C/N 30 treatment had the highest pesticide degradation rate. The results of testing the growth of the population or colony of microorganisms showed that the increase in the number of colonies of microorganisms and the activity of microorganisms was followed by a decrease in pesticide residues. The reduction in pesticide residues at C/N 30 was 98%; this result showed a higher value compared to the control, C/N 40, and C/N 35.
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Mukaromah, Lia Iswindari, Sri Wiyatiningsih und Tri Mujoko. „Penurunan Residu Pestisida Tebukonazol dan Trifloksistrobin pada Umbi Bawang Merah dengan Budidaya Organik Berbasis Biopestisida di Desa Bulugunung Kecamatan Plaosan Kabupaten Magetan“. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 24, Nr. 1 (27.06.2022): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jipi.24.1.19-24.
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[REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES Tebukunazol AND Trifloksistrobin ON ORGANIC BULB SHALLOT CROPS WITH BIOPESTICIDE BASED IN BULUGUNUNG VILLAGE, PLAOSAN, MAGETAN REGENCY]. Shallot plants are agricultural commodities that have a high and economic value. The continuous use of pesticides to increase Shallot production will harm the environment. The active pesticides of Tebukonazol and Triflooxystrobin are one of the fungicides to overcome moler disease. Maximum Residue Limit (BMR) on shallot bulbs for active substance Tebukonazol of 0.1 mg/kg while for active substances Trifloksistrobin of 0.01 mg/kg. To reduce the pesticide residues, efforts are needed through the application of biopesticides. This research was conducted in March-May 2021 in Bulugunung Village of Plaosan District of Magetan Regency. Analysis of pesticide residues Tebukonazol and Trifloksistrobin was carried out at the Laboratory of The Industrial Research and Consulting Center (BPKI) Surabaya. The research was one factor, conducted in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments with 6 replications, namely: Treatment (A): Conventional cultivation, Treatment (B): Fobio (seeds and plants), Phonska Fertilizer, P-Phosfat, SP-36, KCl, and ZA, Treatment (C): Manure to the soil and Soil sterilization with Fobio, as well as pesticide application, Treatment (D): Giving soil manure and soil sterilization with Fobio, and the application of Fobio (seeds and plants). Data analysis was conducted in analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the the Honesty Significant Difference (HSD) at a level of 5% if the F test shows a significant effect. The results showed that the treatments (B) and (D) of Fobio applications in seeds and plants have the lowest pesticide residue values of Tebukonazol and Trifloksystrobin compared to treatments (A) and (C) that use chemical pesticides.
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Lawson, Harry M. „Changes in Pesticide Usage in the United Kingdom: Policies, Results, and Long-term Implications“. Weed Technology 8, Nr. 2 (Juni 1994): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00038926.
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Current United Kingdom (UK) government policy on pesticides is aimed at minimizing rather than arbitrarily reducing usage. It is to be achieved through a rigorous Approvals process, the setting of statutory maximum residue limits, regular monitoring, legislation on the safe use of pesticides on farms, and a core-funded research program on topics such as improved forecasting of pest infestations, more effective application techniques, alternative control strategies, integrated pest management and sustainable farming systems. Over the longer term these measures are expected to bring about substantial real decreases in pesticide usage, without the need to impose arbitrary reduction targets, such as have been implemented by several other European countries. Reductions in the usage of particular chemicals will also occur as a result of the implementation of European Community (EC) environmental legislation on pesticide levels in ground and drinking water and pesticide discharges into the North Sea. With herbicides, the tonnage of active ingredient applied in the UK declined substantially during the 1980s, due mainly to the increased use of products which were more biologically active at lower dosage rates than those they replaced. The actual percentage of crops sprayed remained at 95 to 100. Further reductions are likely in the 1990s, enhanced by factors such as dose-cutting by farmers in response to economic rather than environmental pressures and an increase in set-aside. Weed scientists are currently studying the long-term effects on weed population dynamics of reduced herbicide inputs in cereals, set-aside management, and more environmentally friendly, lower input rotations, as part of a wider program of research designed to provide government with scientifically based information upon which to decide future policies.
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SĂLCEANU, Călin, Mirela PARASCHIVU, Otilia COTUNA, Veronica SĂRĂȚEANU, Marilena Alina PRIOTEASA und Iuliana Svetlana FLONDOR. „GLOBAL PESTICIDE MARKET: SIZE, TRENDS, FORECASTS“. "Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture Montanology Cadastre Series " 52, Nr. 2 (05.01.2023): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aamc.v52i2.1401.
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Worldwide pesticides are used by farmers for growing more food on less land by protecting crops from pests, diseases and weeds as well as raising productivity per hectare. Also, pesticides enable farmers to produce safe, quality foods at affordable prices. Therefore, the market for agricultural pesticides is anticipated to rise by $ 26.23 billion between 2021 and 2025. Pesticide residues can be discovered in a wide range of common foods and drinks, such as prepared meals, water, wine, fruit juices, snacks, and animal feeds. Furthermore, it should be noticed that chemical pesticides have been linked to a variety of detrimental health consequences, including impacts on the skin, gastrointestinal system, nervous system, respiratory system, reproductive system, and endocrine system. The current review was carried out using an objective mixture of primary and secondary information, including inputs from key participants in pesticides industry. Also, it aims at highlighting the urgent need for a new concept in agriculture involving a drastic reduction in the use of chemical pesticides, driving the market to bio-based pesticides.