Thematische Bibliographien / Pesticidal

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Pesticidal“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Pesticidal"

Netragaonkar, Anjali, Isha Tambolkar und Dr Varsha Munde. „The Grave Health Concerns of Using (Rather Overusing) Pesticides.“ VIMS Health Science Journal 10, Nr. 1 (31.03.2023): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46858/vimshsj.10107.

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Considering agricultural hub Indian farmers used pesticides as plant protection agent for boosting yield. Use of pesticides causes a range of human health problems like cancers and many others. Compared to the general population, who is exposed to substantially lower amounts of pesticide residues through food and water, agricultural worker have a higher risk of developing health issues as a result of pesticides. This article will not only enable the provision of key data about the carcinogenic risk related to the duration,type & degree of pesticidal exposure in all age groups, but will also aid in determining the risk of pesticidal residues in food & water which demand timely assessments.

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Shu, Zen-hong. „PESTICIDES TOXICITY ON POLLEN GERMINATION OF `HADEN' MANGO (Mangifera indica L.)“. HortScience 28, Nr. 5 (Mai 1993): 497f—497. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.497f.

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It has been speculated for many years that crop yield diminution may be due to the possible adverse effects of pesticidal sprays during the blooming period on pollen germination and fruit set. To realize the toxicity of pesticides on the reproductive physiology of mango, pollen germination, both in vitro and in vivo, under the constrain of pesticides were conducted. The results showed that among all the pesticide tested, Lannate and Tamaron were the least toxic ones to mango pollens germinated on agar medium incorporated with pesticides. Pesticides when sprayed on the surface of germination medium had strong adverse effect on pollen germination. Except for Tamaron, the fertilization of mango flowers were extremely sensitive to pesticidal sprays 2 hours before or 4 hours after hand pollination. Fertilization and initial fruit set were not or less influenced by pesticides for flowers sprayed 24 hours after pollination.

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Naharki, Kushal, und Sabina Regmi. „Risk Assessment of Pesticidal Toxicity and Threats on Pollinators: A Review on Honey Bee“. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, Nr. 12 (26.12.2020): 2556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i12.2556-2561.3681.

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Pollinators play vital roles to the environment, biodiversity conservation, food security and several dimensions of global sustainable development. Honey bee is an important pollinator globally but has been exposed to increasing threats from diseases, pesticides and biotic stresses. This review paper highlights the role of honey bees as pollinators, addresses threats which influence decline of honey bees and assess pesticidal risk toxicity on non-target organisms. Decline of honey bee population is caused by several factors including habitat fragmentation, pesticidal toxicity, colony collapse disorder and climate change. Pesticidal residue and toxicity has an adverse effect which results in honey bee population decline, disturb foraging and contamination of bee products. Residues of agricultural pesticides like pyrethroid and neonicotinoid pose a serious threat on honey bee health further reducing agricultural production and diversity. Pesticidal risk assessments are carried out to study effects of pesticides on pollinators with an aim to provide measures to safeguard their abundance, diversity and health. Sustainable agriculture, effective policy and proper management can decrease pollinators' risk by helping to diversify the agriculture for pollen and nectars with reduced usage of pesticides and proper management.

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Mkindi, Angela G., Richard Coe, Philip C. Stevenson, Patrick A. Ndakidemi und Steven R. Belmain. „Qualitative Cost-Benefit Analysis of Using Pesticidal Plants in Smallholder Crop Protection“. Agriculture 11, Nr. 10 (15.10.2021): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11101007.

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Assessing the potential drivers of farmers using pesticidal plants for crop protection is essential for wider adoption. However, few studies have focused on collaborative assessments of the underlying trade-offs when using pesticidal plant extracts for pest control. Smallholder farmers in northern Tanzania involved in farmer driven research assessing pesticidal plants evaluated the costs, benefits, trade-offs and areas for future investment. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic information from 77 farmers and their views on pest problems and crop protection in common bean production. This was followed by small focus group discussions (n = 9) using a participatory framework to elucidate the costs and benefits of adopting pesticidal plant technology. A multiple correspondence analysis showed that pesticidal plant use was associated with men greater than 50 years old, and synthetic pesticide use was associated with younger aged farmers and women. Farmers who used synthetics generally did not report the presence of common pest species found in common bean production, whereas farmers who used pesticidal plants were associated with more frequent reports of pest species. This participatory cost–benefit analysis highlighted that tools and processing challenges were the main costs to using pesticidal plants. The main benefit reported when using pesticidal plants was a general improvement to family health. Farmers expressed overall a positive outcome when using pesticidal plants for crop protection and recommended that future investments focus on improving access to tools and education regarding plant processing and extraction to improve uptake of the technology by smallholder farmers.

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Dheer, Reema, und Surendra Swarnkar. „Pesticidal residue analysis and phytochemical screening in leaves and roots of Barleria prionitis Linn.“ Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, Nr. 5 (12.09.2018): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1908.

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In the present study emphasize on phytochemical screening in leaves and roots of Barleria prionitis Linn. The extract of plant materials total ash content, extractive value, water soluble ash, and loss on drying values were identified. Medicinal plant materials are liable to contain pesticide residues, which accumulate from agriculture practices, such as spraying, treatment of soils during cultivation and administration of fumigants during storage. It is therefore recommended that every sample of medicinal plants used for such type of studies should be analyzed for the pesticidal residues. Therefore in the present study parts of the herb used for their antidiabetic potential were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, which are persistent and remain in the food chain for longer periods. The samples of leaf and root of Barleria prionitis were ground coarsely and then preceded for the extraction procedure. The sample of extracts were analysed for residues of organochlorine pesticides by Gas Chromatography (GC). Analysis were carried out on a Schimadzu Model 2010 Gas Chromatograph (GC) equipped with 63 NI electron capture detector (ECD) and a capillary column HP ultra 2. The instrument was supported by Lab Solution software. The pesticide residues detected in them in the GC were within the limits. For phytochemical screening, the ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts obtained were prepared and subjected to various qualitative tests in order to reveal the presence or absence of common phytopharmaceuticals by using standard tests. Keywords: Phytochemical screening, Pesticidal residues, Barleria prionitis Gas Chromatography, Ash value, extractive value.

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Shunmugadevi, C., S. Anbu Radhika und P. Palanisamy. „In silico and In vitro Tests of Phytocompounds Extracted from Leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng as Biopesticides Against Enzymes, Proteins and Selected Cell Lines of the Coleoptera Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775)“. UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, Nr. 23 (15.11.2023): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i233756.

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The majority of synthetic pesticides have negative consequences on both the environment and human health, making insect pest management a global economic and ecological disaster. Crude extracts of phytocompounds from Plectranthus amboinicus were tested for their pesticidal effects on a certain enzyme cell line. An in silico molecular docking analysis of phytocompounds showed that the enzymes Glutathione S-Transferase (7RKA), Mytocontrial (5H3F), Acetylcholinesterase (7QAK), GABA receptor (7WGT), and DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (6GO4) interacted strongly with the phytocompounds. Usnic acid showed higher in-silico biopesticidal activity against Callosobruchus maculatus when compared to reference pesticide Dichlorvos and Malathion. A silica gel column chromatographic technique with appropriate solvent extract has been used to isolate the highly active components of usnic acid. In vitro studies revealed that, after 96 hours, The Usnic acid mean observed mortality percentage is 49.6% (24hr), 64.8 (48hr), 74.8% (72hr) and 87.2% (96hr). causes the maximum toxicity of Callosobruchus maculatus compared to the reference pesticides Diclorvos (84.6% & LC50 value 6.65 mg/ml) and Malathion (92% & LC50 value 5.62 mg/ml). Usnic acid exhibits promise as a pesticidal agent when compared to the reference medications. Consequently, these specific chemicals might offer substitute therapies that augment the traditional applications of the plants that are being studied.

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Prakash, Anand, Jagadiswari Rao und V. Nandagopal. „FUTURE OF BOTANICAL PESTICIDES IN RICE, WHEAT, PULSES AND VEGETABLES PEST MANAGEMENT“. Journal of Biopesticides 01, Nr. 02 (01.12.2008): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.1.2.154-169.

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ABSTRACT Use of botanicals is now emerging as one of the important means to be used in protection of crop produce and the environment from pesticidal pollution, which is a global problem. In this chapter, the authors focus on the future of botanical pesticides with special references to agriculture. Two main aspects of botanical pesticides , one search and exploitation of new botanicals as pesticides including isolation, identification and evaluation of the active components and another use of botanicals in agriculture in different forms like direct spray applications of the various plant materials, soil amendments for different plant parts, intercropping of biologically active plants with the main crop, botanical grain protectants, use of botanical based synthetic pesticidal formulations and also use of botanicals as synergists/ binders for synthetic pesticides.

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Enrique E. Biñas, Jr. „A Review on Tubli Plant used as Organic Pesticide: Input toward Sustainable Agriculture“. International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, Nr. 1 (16.01.2021): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.8.1.12.

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The use of a botanical pesticide like tubli plant crude extracts is one of the practical methods for those farmers who are not capable to incur the expensive commercial pesticides. This contributes to the sustainability of agriculture because it has no adverse effects on the environment. This review article introduces the characteristics of tubli plant and assesses its efficacy as an organic pesticide. The most strong and effective pesticidal property of tubli plant is rotenone which controlled various pests. This had been cultivated and used as an organic pesticide all over the world. Some studies revealed that the application of tubli plants enhanced farmers’ productivity of farms and the profitability of their income. Tubli plant is adapted to be one of the inputs toward sustainable agriculture.

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Ali, M. M., M. Jesmin, S. M. A. Salam, J. A. Khanam, M. F. Islam und M. N. Islam. „Pesticidal Activities of Some Schiff Bases Derived from Benzoin, Salicylaldehyde, Aminophenol and 2,4 Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine“. Journal of Scientific Research 1, Nr. 3 (29.08.2009): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2585.

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The pesticidal activities of three Schiff bases namely PDH [N- (1 phenyl 2 hydroxy 2 phenyl ethylidine) 2¢4¢ dinitrophenyl hydrazine], PHP [N(1-phenyl 2 hydroxy -2 phenyl ethylidine) 2¢ hydroxy phenyl imine] and HHP [N (2-hydroxy benzylidine) 2¢ hydroxy phenyl imine] derived from benzoin, salicylaldehyde, 2 aminophenol and 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine were evaluated against Tribolium castaneum. Probit mortality were studied by surface film treatment method at different doses of the compounds. The results showed that the LD50 values as recorded after 24 hours of treatment were 15.1268, 3.0922 and 3.0922 mg /cm2 for PDH, PHP and HHP, respectively as compared with 0.2416 mg/cm2 for a standard pesticide l-cyhalothrin. With Schiff base complexes of cobalt(II), copper(II) and zinc(II), the LD50 values were 1.5206, 14.8576 and 3.2829 mg/cm2 respectively. Better results were obtained when recorded with longer treatment time. These three compounds may, therefore, be considered as potent pesticides. Keywords: Pesticidal activities; Schiff bases; Surface film treatment method. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245(Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2585 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 641-646 (2009)

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Kayange, C. D., S. P. Nyirenda, L. H. Mwamlima, J. F. Kamanula, C. R. Y. Munthali, D. Njera und P. Maluwa. „Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Pesticidal Plants for Bioactivity against Rape and Tomato Pests in Malawi“. Advances in Agriculture 2022 (28.05.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2858994.

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Insect pests cause serious damage through feeding in the process and may also transmit plant diseases. Although most resource-poor farmers rely on the use of synthetic insecticides for controlling insect pests, it is generally considered too expensive for them. Plant products may be a safer alternative approach and play a significant role in insect pest management and crop protection amongst resource-poor farmers. Laboratory and field evaluation of locally available pesticidal plants were evaluated. The study was conducted at Jenda and Nchenachena in Malawi with rape and tomato to assess the efficacy of some selected pesticidal plants for the control of vegetable pests. Largely, the choice of the selected pesticidal plants was based on resource-poor farmers’ knowledge in the area. The results of the tested plant extracts suggested that some plant extracts could reduce the infestation of red mites and aphids below economic threshold levels. Under laboratory experiments, all plant species caused a significant increase in mortality of Trypanosoma evansi after 24 h. However, Dolichos kilimandscarichus, Tephrosia vogelii, Azadirachta indica, and Bedotia madagascarensis had significantly at P < 0.05 greater mite mortality than the untreated. This suggests that these pesticidal plants could be an alternative to acaricidal and insecticidal pesticides against vegetable pests. These pesticidal plants caused an impressive reduction of red mites and aphids and protected tomatoes and rapes from serious damage and hence could be incorporated into integrated management for the control of vegetable pests.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Pesticidal"

Kaberia, Doris K. „Participatory action research and testing the effectiveness of stinging nettle as a biopesticide in Kenya /“. Link to full text, 2007. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2007/kaberia.pdf.

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Misra, Sutapa. „Investigation on some organophosphorus compounds having pesticidal activities“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1036.

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Fourie, H. O. „Toxicological consequences of pesticidal use in the Republic of South Africa“. Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26537.

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Chemicals used in agricultural activities, could possibly be the most potent group of compounds used on a regular basis by employees representing a significant fraction of the unskilled, economically active, labour market of a country. Certainly, such a statement will hold true for South Africa and probably for most Third World and developing states. All chemical compounds contain the inherent property of being toxic and/or hazardous. However, pesticides are chemicals intentionally used to kill. They are therefore not avoidable and in contrast to other chemicals are used only because of their ability to kill. As in most other countries in the world, poisoning in the Republic of South Africa is to be expected due to the use of pesticides. In the handling of pesticides, statistics show South Africa to be vulnerable to an appreciable number of deaths and poisoning cases. There could be a number of reasons for this phenomenon, two of them probably being ignorance and negligence on the part of officers in charge of handling pesticides, and perhaps the most important, the exploitation of unskilled labour in applying and handling pesticides. It is believed that the South African agricultural industry represents both the First and Third World and should thus be ideally suited for investigating: (1) acute intoxication due to chemicals used in the agricultural industry. It was found that the annual consumption of pesticides in the Republic of South Africa results in a dose of approximately 250 mg/m² which compares very favourably with consumption rates of developed countries. An analysis of the products registered indicates a total of 1 211 products containing 359 different active ingredients. The three chemical groups responsible for 73% of the poisoning cases (organophosphates 55%, carbamates 14%, organochlorines 4%) are with the exception of pyrethroids, also the chemicals most frequently formulated. Products containing these three chemical groups constitute only 41% of all formulated products, but are responsible for 73% of all intoxications. It is concluded that the poisoning rate by pesticides is appreciably higher than officially notified, and that the fatality rate could be two orders of magnitude higher than developed countries. A compendium - the first of its kind in South Africa for use by hospitals and clinical practitioners and containing trade names, chemical classification, active ingredients, toxicology, symptomatology and proposed treatment procedures for each product, is presented as an appendix. (2) chronic exposure to residues of agricultural products in the diet of South Africans is investigated. Food intake data was calculated from 24-hour dietary recall studies. Residues of only 4 compounds were present in 33 composite, ready-to-eat foods, consisting of 5 538 foodstuffs sampled over a period of one-year country wide, and representing 142 different food items categorised into 11 food groups. The residues found were well within acceptable levels and compare very favourably with those found in the diets of developed countries. It has to be concluded that possible chronic exposure due to agricultural chemical contaminants, to the white population at least, does not exist, and emphasises a sound regulatory policy towards the use of these chemicals in South Africa. (3) a hypothesis of this study that it is not possible that neither the inherent toxicities of pesticidal compounds, nor a paucity of knowledge about the toxicological, chemical and physical properties of these compounds could be mainly responsible for the numerous intoxications recorded annually. An epidemiological 400 case study (descriptive design), investigated the contribution by occupational, environmental, cultural and socio-economic variables to poisoning. The numerous effects by these variables are described and amongst many others, it is concluded that the recommendations of the World Health Organization to classify pesticides by hazard, is confusing to illiterate and semi-educated users and should not be recommended to developing countries.

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Bartle, Hazel. „'Sentinels against 'Silent Spring'' : a study of knowledge production in the reporting of organophosphorous toxicity“. Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362818.

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Lahiri, Amaresh Chandra. „Investigation on some : 2-Alkylamido-6-Bromo-4ft-1,3,2 - Benzodioxaphosphorin 2-Sulphide : having pesticidal activities“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1132.

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Roy, Probir Kumar. „Studies on some organophosphorus compunds having pesticidal activities (chloro saligenin cyclic phosphoramidothionates“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1133.

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Clipston, Julie. „An investigation into the production by marine-derived fungi of secondary metabolites with pesticidal activities“. Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343340.

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Rahoo, Ali Murad. „Studies on the Pesticidal Potential of Entomopathogenic nematodes, their bacterial symbionts and the toxins they produce“. Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519862.

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Dasgupta, Jhinuk. „Investigation on some 2-Alkylamido 6-chloro/Nitro-4H-1, 3, 2-Benjodi-oxaphosphorin-2 - Sulphides having pesticidal activities“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1130.

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Aguilar, Carolina. „Pesticides and pesticide combinations on brain neurochemistry“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34697.

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Pesticides have been suggested to play a role in the development of many neurodegerative diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, it has been suggested that exposure to pesticides and other environmental chemicals during the early stages of life could result in an increased vulnerability to such substances that could lead to neurotoxicity and degeneration late in life. We hypothesized that exposure to mixtures of certain pesticides could change neurotransmitter levels and cellular oxidative stress and that this would be greater in mice exposed early and later in life than mice exposed only as adults. We studied the effects of permethrin (PR) (a pyrethroid type I) and endosulfan (EN) (an organochlorine) on the levels of catecholamines, indolamines, acetylcholinesterase, lipid peroxidation and α-synuclein in the brain of mice. These pesticides have different structures but both are known to modify the kinetics of voltage-sensitive ion channels and calcium ion flux/homeostasis that could affect the release of several neurotransmitters. The study consisted of two experiments: In the first experiment, adult C57Bl/6 mice (7-9 months old) were injected, intraperitoneally, with the following treatments: EN 4.3, 2.15 mg/kg; PR 150, 15 mg/kg and their mixtures EN 4.3 + PR 150 and EN 2.15 + PR 15 mg/kg. Mice were sacrificed 24 hrs after the last injection. In the second experiment, doses consisted of EN 0.7, 1.4 mg/kg, PR 1.5, 15 mg/kg and their mixtures EN 0.7 + PR 1.5 mg/kg and EN 1.4 + PR 15 mg/kg were given to juvenile mice intraperitoneally daily during a period of two weeks from postnatal day 5 to 19. Mice were then, left undisturbed with their dams. Re-challenge was performed when mice were 7-9 months old and dosages of EN 4.3, 2.15 mg/kg, PR 150, 15 mg/kg and their mixtures, EN 4.3 + PR 150 and EN 2.15 + PR 15 mg/kg were given intraperitoneally every other day during a period of two weeks to match the treatments when pesticide exposure was only as adults. Mice were sacrificed 24 hrs after the last injection.

The corpora striatum was extracted and analyzed by HPLC for catecholamines (dopamine, DOPAC, homovalinic acid and norepinephrine) and indolamines (serotonin and 5-HIAA). In general low doses of permethrin and endosulfan alone and in combination (EN 2.15 + PR 15 mg/kg) altered the levels of catecholamines and indolamines in both studies with adult mice and mice dosed as juveniles and re-challenged as adults. Catecholamine and indolamines levels were affected to a greater extent in the adult mice than in mice dosed as juveniles and re-challenged as adults, when compared to controls.

Acetylcholinesterase was increased under both exposure situations but again adult mice seemed to be more affected than mice dosed as juveniles and re-challenged as adults.

Because reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the development of Parkinson's disease, and are known to cause degradation of certain neurotransmitters, we monitored the levels of lipid peroxides in brain cortex as an indicator of free radical tissue damage. The peroxide levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive products (TBARS). Increased levels of lipid peroxides were significant in the low dose treatment groups of the adult study. However, there seemed to be a pattern between the levels of dopamine and DOPAC in the striatum and the levels of peroxidation in cortex. The presence of dopamine metabolites appeared to be related to high levels of peroxidation within the basal ganglia and up-regulation of proteins such as α-synuclein. Western blots of α-synuclein in both experiments of the study showed intense double and triple bands that corresponded to aggregated α-synuclein. In general, when compared with controls, mice dosed as juveniles and re-challenged as adults did not alter the above parameters as much as mice dosed only as adults. Instead, the mice first dosed as juveniles seemed to develop an adaptation response to the later exposure of these pesticides.

Taking all these results into account, early exposure and re-challenge with permethrin and endosulfan in this study appeared to induce a protective response against neurochemical changes in the brain of these mice. In addition, low doses of these pesticides and the low dose combination mixture seem to exert an effect on the parameters studied.

Therefore, exposure to pesticides such as endosulfan and permethrin and their combinations could make a contribution towards the initiation or aggravation of biochemical neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.

Master of Science

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Bücher zum Thema "Pesticidal"

Canada, Canada Environment, Canada. Health and Welfare Canada. und Canada, Hrsg. Non-pesticidal organotin compounds. [Ottawa]: Environment Canada, 1993.

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Nepāla Rājakīya Vijñāna tathā Pravidhi Prajñā-Pratishṭhāna. Central Research Laboratory. Research Dept., Hrsg. A glossary of pesticidal plants of Kathmandu Valley. Kathmandu: The Academy, 1991.

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Review the Environmental Protection Agency's proposed rule on plant pesticides: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Risk Management, Research, and Specialty Crops and the Subcommittee on Department Operations, Oversight, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, March 24, 1999. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Lim, Guan Soon. Neem pesticides in rice: Potential and limitations. Manila, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, 1994.

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Grainge, Michael. Handbook of plants with pest-control properties. Honolulu, Hawaii: Resource Systems Institute, East-West Center, 1988.

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N, Kulkarni. Screening of plants with pesticidal properties against the insect pests. Jabalpur: Tropical Forest Research Institute, Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, 2001.

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Bhatti, D. S. Utilization of toxic plants for the control of nematode pests of economic crops: Final technical report April 1, 1983 to March 31, 1988. Hisar, India: Haryana Agricultural University, 1988.

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van, Beek Teris André, und Breteler H. R. M, Hrsg. Phytochemistry and agriculture. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.

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Ordinary horror. New York, N.Y: Plume, 2002.

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Saleem, Ahmed, Hrsg. Handbook of plants with pest-control properties. New York: John Wiley, 1988.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Pesticidal"

Dutta, Prachurjya, Tapan Dey, Moonmee Bharadwaz, Munmi Kalita, Kabita Gogoi, Sebrin Jahan Islam und Jatin Kalita. „Pesticidal Plants of Northeast India“. In Bioprospecting of Indigenous Bioresources of North-East India, 101–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0620-3_7.

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Andow, DA. „Management of Transgenic Pesticidal Crops“. In Biological Resource Management Connecting Science and Policy, 265–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04033-1_22.

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Babu, J. R. „Avermectins: Biological and Pesticidal Activities“. In ACS Symposium Series, 91–108. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1988-0380.ch007.

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Heitz, James R. „Pesticidal Applications of Photoactivated Molecules“. In ACS Symposium Series, 1–16. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0616.ch001.

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Felsot, A. S., und W. L. Pedersen. „Pesticidal Activity of Degradation Products“. In ACS Symposium Series, 172–87. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0459.ch013.

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Ramanjaneyulu, G. V., M. S. Chari, T. A. V. S. Raghunath, Zakir Hussain und Kavitha Kuruganti. „Non Pesticidal Management: Learning from Experiences“. In Integrated Pest Management: Innovation-Development Process, 543–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8992-3_18.

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Nollet, Leo M. L. „Pesticidal Activity of Different Essential Oils“. In Green Pesticides Handbook, 431–46. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315153131-23.

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Heuser, Justin, Craig Poffenberger, Rene Haensel und Ewald Sieverding. „Polyglycerol Esters as Adjuvants for Enhanced Pesticidal Activity“. In Pesticide Formulation and Delivery Systems: 36th Volume, Emerging Trends Building on a Solid Foundation, 18–29. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp159520150093.

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Kiaune, Lina, und Nan Singhasemanon. „Pesticidal Copper (I) Oxide: Environmental Fate and Aquatic Toxicity“. In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1–26. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9860-6_1.

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Georgis, R., und J. Kelly. „Novel Pesticidal Substances from the Entomopathogenic Nematode—Bacterium Complex“. In Phytochemicals for Pest Control, 134–43. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1997-0658.ch010.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Pesticidal"

Iztleuov, G. M., A. Zh Dayrabaeva, Zh A. Shingisbayeva und K. K. Zhaksybek. „PESTICIDAL POLLUTION OF GLASSHOUSE“. In SAKHAROV READINGS 2020:ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. Minsk, ICC of Minfin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2020-2-366-370.

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Mogren, Christina Loraine. „Risks of pesticidal RNAi to honey bees“. In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94523.

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Pyrko, A. N. „ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL TESTING FOR PESTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF HETEROCYCLIC ANALOGS OF STEROIDS“. In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-1-187-190.

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The aim of the study is the synthesis and testing for pesticidal activities of 2,3-dimethoxy-16,16-dimethyl-D-homo-8-azagona-1,3,5 (10),13-tetraene-12,17а-one and 2,3-dimethoxy-16,16-dimethyl-d-homo-8-azagona-1,3,5(10),13-tetraene-12-imino-17а-one hydrochloride which could become the basis of plant protection products. The first compound was obtained by condensation of 6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydroisoquinoline with 2-acetyl-5.5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione. The second substance was synthesized by interaction of the first with ammonium chloride. The synthesized compounds were tested for certain types of pesticide activities. Both synthesized compounds showed herbicidal activity against amaranthus retroflexus, brassica rapa, abutilon theophrasti and insecticidal activity against toxoptera graminum. Hydrochloride 2,3-dimethoxy-16,16-dimethyl-D-homo-8-azagon-1,3,5(10),13-tetraene-12-imino-17a-one showed insecticidal activity against musca domestica and fungicidal activity against drechslera.

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„Survey and Characterization of Botanical Pesticidal Plants in Ifugao“. In CABES-2017, DMCCIA-2017, FEBM-17, BDCMTE-17, LLHIS-17 and BMLE-17. Dignified Researchers Publication (DiRPUB), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/dirpub.c1217131.

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Tretiacova, Tatiana, Vladimir Todiras und Ana Gusan. „Produs nou biorațional pentru combaterea dăunătorilor în spaţii protejate“. In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.94.

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The article presents the results of pesticidal activity study of product elaborated on the neem oil base. Bioassays were performed on aphids and spider mites in order to compare the pesticidal activity of new preparative form NEEM-01 with that of the commercial biorational products Pelecol and MatrinBio. The product NEEM- 01at a dose of 10 l/ ha has potential as aphicide and acaricide, although in terms of efficacy in controlling aphids and mites it is different. NEEM-01 was quite effective against the aphid population compared to spider mites, which are more mobile, ceasing to feed on the treated leaf. A higher mortality of pests with higher biological efficacy of NEEM- 01 was achieved after two treat-ments with an interval of 10 days between them. The results are preliminary, the research continues.

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Мисриева, Б. „Обзор фауны мух тахин виноградных агроценозов Дагестана“. In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.14.

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In the context of the intensive use of chemical plant protection products, the issue of ecologization is acute. The concept of environmental protection of grapes, as the most pesticidal crop, is based on the principles of managing the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses as a whole. At the same time, entomophages play a key role in the formation of a balanced self-regulating ecosystem. The development and application of the so-called biorational technologies with the predominant use of safe ecologically “soft” chemical plant protection products in the grape protection system is a prerequisite for activating a useful entomofauna. The targeted effect on the entomophage populations is based on phytosanitary monitoring, on their integration with pesticides. The article presents the results of many years of faunal studies of grape agrobiocenoses, reveals the most effective mechanisms for the regulation of dangerous bunching leaves and cotton scoops. Based on the original drawings, a morphological description of the most common species of tachy flies is given - Elodia tragica Mg., Pseudoperichaeta insidiosa, Tawnsendiellomyia nidicola.

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Chandra, J. Helan, L. F. A. Anand Raj, S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam und R. S. Arvind Bharani. „Improved pesticidal activity of fungal metabolite from nomureae rileyi with chitosan nanoparticles“. In 2013 International Conference on Advanced Nanomaterials and Emerging Engineering Technologies (ICANMEET). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icanmeet.2013.6609326.

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Oyerinde, Akeem Abolade. „Indigenous pesticidal plants: Status and future prospects in pest management in Nigeria“. In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.104846.

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Sampson, Kimberly. „Novel pesticidal protein discovery: What's next in a post-next-gen sequencing world?“ In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.107775.

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Cebotari, Valentina, Ion Buzu und Olga Postolachi. „Monitoringul pesticidelor în corpul albinelor“. In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.34.

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The purpose of the research was to investigate pesticide residues in bee’s body and to identify the most common and dangerous pesticides that can affect honeybees in the forest site. The bee samples have been analyzed to the residues of 11 most widely used pesticides. As a result of the research, it was established that most of the studied pesticides (72.7%) wasn’t registered in the bee samples, collected from the apiary, stationed in the forest site. In 20% of the analyzed bee samples no residues of either of the 11 investigated pesticides were found, in 40% of the bee samples, detectable level of residues of a single pesticide (the pyrethroidic insecticide Tau-fluvalinate) was recorded, in other 20% of the samples detectable residues of 2 pesticides (the neonicotinoid insecticide Imidacloprid and acaricide Amitraz) was recorded, and in the other 20% of the bees samples detectable residues of 3 pesticides (pyrethroid insecticide Tau-fluvalinate, insecticide neonicotinoid Imidacloprid and acaricide Amitraz) was registered. The values of detectable concentrations of pesticide residues recorded in bee samples taken from the forest site were very small, constituting on average: the pyrethroid insecticide Tau-fluvalinate – 0.0062±0.0007 mg/kg; the neonicotinoid insecticide Imidacloprid – 0.0060±0.0006 mg/kg and the acaricide Amitraz – 0.0058±0,0006 mg/kg. The detected concentrations of pesticide residues are 1.7 - 32.2 times lower than the maximum admisibile limits, according to national and EU standards. Hence, the forest site environment is not polluted with pesticide residues and, therefore, doesn’t represent any risk of contamination for bee families, which could compromise the bee’s health and the safety of apiculture products, intended for human consumption.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Pesticidal"

Graber, Ellen R., Linda S. Lee und M. Borisover. An Inquiry into the Phenomenon of Enhanced Transport of Pesticides Caused by Effluents. United States Department of Agriculture, Juli 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570559.bard.

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The objective of this collaborative research project was to determine the factors that may cause enhanced pesticide transport under effluent irrigation. For s-triazines, the potential for enhanced transport through association with effluent dissolved organic matter (OM) was shown to be small in batch and column studies and in numerical simulations. High alkalinity and pH of treated effluents increased soil-solution pH for selected soil-effluent combinations, promoting the dissolution of soil OM and mobilizing otherwise OM-retained pesticides. Evapotranspiration in column studies resulted in increased pore-water concentrations of dissolved OM and some pesticide transport enhancement with the greatest effect observed with OM-poor soils. For ionogenic pesticides, effluent-induced increases in soil-solution pH increased the mobility of pesticides with acid dissociation constants within 2 pH units of the initial soil-solution pH. Effluents high in suspended solids and/or monovalent cations resulted in blockage of soil pores reducing water-flow velocity and/or changing flow paths. Reduced flow resulted in an increase in desorption time of soil sorbed pesticides, increasing the amount available for further transport with the net effect being soil texture dependent. In terms of pesticide degradation in soils, effluents appeared to have only a minor effect for the few pesticides investigated.

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Amirav, Aviv, und Steven Lehotay. Fast Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695851.bard.

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The overall theme of this project was to increase the speed of analysis for monitoring pesticide residues in food. Traditionally, analytical methods for multiple pesticides are time-consuming, expensive, laborious, wasteful, and ineffective to meet critical needs related to food safety. Faster and better methods were needed to provide more cost-effective detection of chemical contaminants, and thus provide a variety of benefits to agriculture. This overarching goal to speed and improve pesticide analysis was successfully accomplished even beyond what was originally proposed by the investigators in 1998. At that time, the main objectives of this project were: 1) to further develop a direct sample introduction (DSI) device that enables fast sampling and introduction of blended-only agricultural products for analysis by gas chromatography (GC); 2) to evaluate, establish, and further develop the method of simultaneous pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection for enhanced pesticide identification capabilities; and 3) to develop a new and novel MS pesticide analysis method, based on the use of supersonic molecular beams (SMB) for sampling and ionization. The first and third objectives were successfully accomplished as proposed, and the feasibility of the second objective was already demonstrated. The capabilities of the GC/SMB-MS approach alone were so useful for pesticide analysis that the simultaneous use of a PFPD was considered superfluous. Instead, the PFPD was investigated in combination with an electron-capture detector for low-cost, simultaneous analysis of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in fatty foods. Three important, novel research projects not originally described in the proposal were also accomplished: 1) development of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for pesticides in foods; 2) development and optimization of a method using low-pressure (LP) GC/MS to speed pesticide residue analysis; and 3) innovative application of analyte protectants to improve the GC analysis of important problematic pesticides. All of the accomplishments from this project are expected to have strong impact to the analytical community and implications to agriculture and food safety. For one, an automated DSI approach has become commercially available in combination with GC/MS for the analysis of pesticide residues. Meanwhile, the PFPD has become the selective detector of choice for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides. Great strides were made in SMB-MS through the manufacture of a prototype "Supersonic GC/MS" instrument, which displayed many advantages over commercial GC/MS instruments. Most notably, the QuEChERS method is already being disseminated to routine monitoring labs and has shown great promise to improve pesticide analytical capabilities and increase lab productivity. The implications of these developments to agriculture will be to increase the percentage of food monitored and the scope of residues detected in the food, which will serve to improve food safety. Developed and developing countries alike will be able to use these methods to lower costs and improve results, thus imported/exported food products will have better quality without affecting price or availability. This will help increase trade between nations and mitigate certain disputes over residue levels in imported foods. The improved enforcement of permissible residue levels provided by these methods will have the effect to promote good agricultural practices among previously obstinate farmers who felt no repercussions from illegal or harmful practices. Furthermore, the methods developed can be used in the field to analyze samples quickly and effectively, or to screen for high levels of dangerous chemicals that may intentionally or accidentally appear in the food supply.

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Johanna, Jacobi, Kiteme Boniface und Ottiger Fabian. Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) in Agro-industrial and Smallholder Farming Systems in Kenya. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Mai 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_r4d.2020.3.en.

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Farms in the global South show heavy use of pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. Some of these substances are banned in Switzerland and the European Union but are often produced and exported from there. Our messages draw on research findings from Kenya. They make the link to international conventions, highlight alternatives to pesticide-intensive agricultural practices, and call for phasing out “highly hazardous” substances in line with human rights and the precautionary principle.

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ter Horst, Mechteld, John Deneer, Harold van der Valk, Aung Kyaw Oo, San San Lwin, Sen Raw und Janhendrik Krook. Risk reduction of pesticides in Myanmar : interim report of the Dutch-Myanmar project of pesticide registration and pesticide risk reduction 2016-2018. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/447407.

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Lehotay, Steven J., und Aviv Amirav. Fast, practical, and effective approach for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695587.bard.

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Background to the topic: For food safety and security reasons, hundreds of pesticides, veterinary drugs, and environmental pollutants should be monitored in the food supply, but current methods are too time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. As a result, only a tiny fraction of the food is tested for a limited number of contaminants. Original proposal objectives: Our main original goal was to develop fast, practical, and effective new approaches for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. We proposed to extend the QuEChERS approach to more pesticides, veterinary drugs and pollutants, further develop GC-MS and LC-MS with SMB and combine QuEChERS with GC-SMB-MS and LC-SMB-EI-MS to provide the “ultimate” approach for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in food. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: The original QuEChERS method was validated for more than 200 pesticide residues in a variety of food crops. For the few basic pesticides for which the method gave lower recoveries, an extensive solvent suitability study was conducted, and a buffering modification was made to improve results for difficult analytes. Furthermore, evaluation of the QuEChERS approach for fatty matrices, including olives and its oil, was performed. The QuEChERS concept was also extended to acrylamide analysis in foods. Other advanced techniques to improve speed, ease, and effectiveness of chemical residue analysis were also successfully developed and/or evaluated, which include: a simple and inexpensive solvent-in-silicone-tube extraction approach for highly sensitive detection of nonpolar pesticides in GC; ruggedness testing of low-pressure GC-MS for 3-fold faster separations; optimization and extensive evaluation of analyte protectants in GC-MS; and use of prototypical commercial automated direct sample introduction devices for GC-MS. GC-MS with SMB was further developed and combined with the Varian 1200 GCMS/ MS system, resulting in a new type of GC-MS with advanced capabilities. Careful attention was given to the subject of GC-MS sensitivity and its LOD for difficult to analyze samples such as thermally labile pesticides or those with weak or no molecular ions, and record low LOD were demonstrated and discussed. The new approach of electron ionization LC-MS with SMB was developed, its key components of sample vaporization nozzle and flythrough ion source were improved and was evaluated with a range of samples, including carbamate pesticides. A new method and software based on IAA were developed and tested on a range of pesticides in agricultural matrices. This IAA method and software in combination with GC-MS and SMB provide extremely high confidence in sample identification. A new type of comprehensive GCxGC (based on flow modulation) was uniquely combined with GC-MS with SMB, and we demonstrated improved pesticide separation and identification in complex agricultural matrices using this novel approach. An improved device for aroma sample collection and introduction (SnifProbe) was further developed and favorably compared with SPME for coffee aroma sampling. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: We succeeded in achieving significant improvements in the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply, from easy sample preparation approaches, through sample analysis by advanced new types of GC-MS and LCMS techniques, all the way to improved data analysis by lowering LOD and providing greater confidence in chemical identification. As a result, the combination of the QuEChERS approach, new and superior instrumentation, and the novel monitoring methods that were developed will enable vastly reduced time and cost of analysis, increased analytical scope, and a higher monitoring rate. This provides better enforcement, an added impetus for farmers to use good agricultural practices, improved food safety and security, increased trade, and greater consumer confidence in the food supply.

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Barnthouse, L. (Pesticide chemistry). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6643492.

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van Lenthe, Marco, Hilko van der Voet und Astrid Meewisse. Softwaretool voor de blootstelling aan mengsels van pesticide residuen in groenten en fruit : Rapportage project Impactanalyse Pesticiden Groenten en Fruit (IPGF). Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, Biometris, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/494701.

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Broufas, G. D., und R. J. M. Meijer. Pesticides side-effects. BioGreenhouse, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/373602.

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Blevins Wycoff, Stephanie, Cynthia L. Gregg, Dana Beegle und Daniel Frank. Reading Pesticide Product Labels. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension, Januar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/ento-390np.

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Waganet, R. J., John Duxbury, Uri Mingelgrin, John Hutson und Zev Gerstl. Consequences of Nonequilibrium Pesticide Fate Processes on Probability of Leaching from Agricultural Lands. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568769.bard.

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Pesticide leaching in heterogeneous field soils is relatively unstudied and is the focus of this project. A wide variety of heterogeneous soils exist, characterized by processes that result from the presence of structural cracks, worm holes, and other preferred pathways within which the majority of transport can occur (called physical non-equilibrium processes), along with the presence of sorption processes that are both equilibrium and kinetic (chemical non-equilibrium processes). Previous studies of pesticide leaching have focused primarily on relatively homogeneous soils, which are less widely distributed in nature, but more studied due to the relative ease with which quantitative theory can be applied to interpret experimental results. The objectives of the proposed project were: first, to gain greater insight into the basic physical and chemical processes that characterize non-equilibrium systems, second, to improve our ability to predict pesticide leaching in heterogeneous field soils, and third, to estimate the consequences of non-equilibrium processes at the field scale by conducting an analysis of the probability of pesticide leaching when non-equilibrium processes prevail. The laboratory, theoretical and modelling aspects of the project were successful; the field aspects less so. We gained greater insight into basic processes in heterogeneous field soils, and we improved and tested tools (simulation models) and the methodology of using such tools for assessing the probability of pesticide leaching as a contribution to broader risk analysis efforts.

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