Dissertationen zum Thema „Perturbation du rythme circadien“
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Simonneaux, Marine. „Évaluation de l’impact de la perturbation du rythme circadien sur la fonction de reproduction des mammifères femelles“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn female mammals, optimal fertility relies on the synchronization of neuroendocrine and behavioral events regulating reproductive function. To this end, the circadian timing system, entrained by the light-dark cycle, sets the pace for the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Therefore, irregular light-dark cycles, such as those experienced in shift work, can disrupt reproductive function and compromise fertility, especially in women. This research aimed to assess the effects of circadian disruption on female reproductive function and investigate the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms. In female mice, exposure to a light-based shift work model led to a major desynchronization of the preovulatory LH surge, which persisted for several weeks. This disruption was associated with altered transmission of daily signals from the master circadian clock to kisspeptin neurons, which regulate LH secretion. Additionally, reproductive outcomes in mice were affected, though without any major impact on offspring development
Wendeu-Foyet, Meyomo. „Titre de la thèse : Perturbation du rythme circadien et risque de cancer de la prostate : rôle du travail de nuit, des gènes circadiens et de leurs interactions“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS591/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified "shift work leading to a disruption of circadian rhythm» as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) on the basis of sufficient evidence in animals but limited evidence in humans. To date, few studies have focused on the role of night work and clock genes in prostate cancer occurrence. In this context, we studied the role of night work, circadian genes and their interactions in prostate cancer risk, using data from EPICAP, a population-based case-control study, including 819 cases and 879 controls. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect detailed information on both fixed and rotating night work. Biological samples were also collected for DNA genotyping and for prostate cancer-clock genes association study. Overall, we did not find an association between night work and prostate cancer whatever the disease aggressiveness, while we observed an increased risk in men with an evening chronotype. At least 20 years of exposure to fixed night work was associated with aggressive prostate cancer and this was more stricken in combination with long nights (on average more than 10 hours per night shift) or more than 6 consecutive night shifts. We observed a significant association with prostate cancer for the clock genes NPAS2 and PER1, while only RORA was significant for aggressive cancers. We found significant interaction between clock genes and night work in the risk of prostate cancer for RBX1, CRY1, NPAS2 and PRKAG2. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that night work disrupting circadian rhythm could be associated with prostate cancer and they also provide new evidence of a potential link between clock genes variants and prostate cancer. These results may particularly contribute to the identification of new prostate cancer risk factors that could be modifiable and available for prevention. Further studies are warranted to better understand the biological mechanisms involving circadian genes in the development of prostate cancer and their interactions with night work
Botté, Audrey. „Impact de la pollution lumineuse nocturne sur l’huitre creuse Crassostrea gigas : étude de la perturbation des rythmes biologiques et des conséquences physiologiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0494.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArtificial Light At Night (ALAN) masks natural light cycles used by organisms to synchronize their biological rhythm with the environment. By disrupting these rhythms, ALAN can have harmful physiological consequences. Coastal environments are largely affected by ALAN due to the high and growing human population density. However, despite this growing threat, ALAN effects on these ecosystems are poorly studied. The oyster Crassostrea gigas is a key species of these ecosystems likely exposed to ALAN. This work evaluates ALAN effects at low and realistic intensities on the oyster’s behavioral daily rhythm and on its internal clock according to its intensity, spectral composition and exposure modality. Furthermore, the impact of ALAN is also studied on the oyster’s shell growth and gill’s microbiota. Results show that ALAN affects the oyster behavioral daily rhythm and its molecular clock, suggesting a disruption of its functioning, strating from 0.1 lx with the strongest effects in blue light and the least strong in green light. In addition, this study suggests that cutting off direct lighting in the middle of the night but in the presence of skyglow could increase harmful effects. Finally, ALAN reduces shell growth and leads to dysbiosis of the gill’s microbiota. These adverse effects are directly correlated with the daily rhythm robustness
Mat, Audrey. „Étude des rythmes biologiques de l'huître Crassostrea gigas et de leur perturbation par l’algue toxique Alexandrium minutum“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14628/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiological rhythms constitute a fundamental property of life, allowing organisms to anticipate and adapt to their changing environment. These rhythms present a double origin: they are generated by a molecular clock and synchronized by environmental cues. Whereas terrestrial organisms are mainly subjected to day/night alternation, coastal and estuarine marine species inhabit an even more cycling biotope. They are indeed also submitted to tides. Nevertheless, biological rhythms in marine species are still unrecognized and molecular mechanisms of the underlying oscillator(s) are to date not determined. At the same time, toxic algae blooms are increasing since the 1970s and represent a major ecological concern, both at local and international levels. An objective of the present work was the characterization of biological rhythms in the oyster Crassotrea gigas and of their origin (molecular mechanism, zeitgebers). Furthermore, the work was designed to study the potential disruption of these rhythms by the toxic algal of worldwide distribution Alexandrium minutum, which produces paralytic toxins. The present results show the existence of a weak and dual circadian rhythm of valve activity in the oyster, and do not provide evidence for the existence of any circatidal clock. We suggested that, in the oyster C. gigas, the tidal rhythm could either be generated exogenously or endogenously by the tidally-synchronized circadian clock. Molecular analyses performed on the circadian gene cryptochrome in the adductor muscle of oyster, the effector of valve movements, revealed that Cgcry oscillates at tidal frequency in the striated muscle. This result supports our second hypothesis. Furthermore, A. minutum represses the expression of genes involved in key metabolic pathways: struggle against oxidative stress (cat, gpx), mitochondrial respiration (cox1), immunity (ilk), detoxification (mdr). Moreover, A. minutum impacts C. gigas at DNA level, being thus genotoxic
Prajapati, Nirmala. „Exposure to outdoor artificial light at night, working at night and the risk of breast cancer; Findings from three studies : CECILE, E3N-Generation and CONSTANCES“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBackground: The incidence of breast cancer is increasing and is projected to continue rising. Rapid modernization and growth in the global workforce have increased exposure to artificial light at night (LAN) and night shift work. These factors contribute to circadian disruption, a potential risk factor for hormone-dependent cancers, including breast cancer. Directly assessing circadian disruption through biomarkers like melatonin in large-scale epidemiological studies is resource-intensive and time-consuming. Existing literature on night shift work, outdoor LAN, and breast cancer risk remains inconsistent due to variations in exposure assessment methods and inadequate adjustment for confounders. This thesis aims to investigate the role of environmental exposure to outdoor LAN and night shift work in breast cancer risk in the French population.Methods: Three epidemiological studies were utilized to achieve the objectives. The association of outdoor LAN and breast cancer risk was studied using a population-based case-control study, CECILE (1185 cases and 1218 controls), and a nested case-control study within the prospective E3N-Generations cohort (5222 cases and 5222 controls). Outdoor LAN exposure was assessed using satellite images from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. The association between night shift work and breast cancer risk was studied using C3-Nuit, a nested case-control study within the CONSTANCES cohort (671 cases and 1016 controls). A detailed assessment of exposure to night shift work was conducted using a comprehensive questionnaire on occupational history.).Logistic regression models were used to obtain risk estimates adjusting for important confounders, including environmental exposure such as air pollution and residential greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation IndexResults: In the CECILE study and the E3N-Generations cohort, we found slightly increased odds ratios (ORs) of breast cancer associated with exposure to outdoor LAN that persisted after adjustment for environmental co-exposures. Both studies suggested a potential increased risk for post-menopausal women, while a stronger association for the HER2+ cancer subtype was found in the CECILE Study.In the C3-nuit study, no clear association between night shift work and breast cancer risk was seen overall, but the ORs for breast cancer were increased among women working alternating night shifts. The associations were more pronounced among post-menopausal women than premenopausal women, those with morning chronotypes compared to evening or neutral chronotypes, and those who started night work before their first pregnancy.Conclusions: The findings from this thesis suggest that both exposure to outdoor LAN and night shift work, particularly alternating night shift work, potentially contribute to breast cancer risk, supporting the hypothesis of the role of circadian disruption in breast cancer. However, methodological limitations, exposure misclassification, potential selection bias, and residual confounding may undermine the validity of the observed associations. These findings warrant confirmation through future studies with refined methodologies
Rambaud, Juliette. „Des récepteurs nucléaires dans le rythme circadien“. Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSL0376.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe circadian rhythm allow organisms to anticipate and to adapt themselves to daily changes on their environments and lead to rhythmic regulation of many physiological processes. More and more nuclear receptor have a circadian expression. They are a transcription factor which their activity is ligand specific binding and they play an important role in the development and/or in a lot of physiologic functions. In this thesis, we want to analyse 4 nuclear receptor which have an important role in the physiology rev-erba and b, ppara and erb. We have shown that there is differents connexion with the circadian rhythm, rev-erba and b are un master gene, ppara a peripheral circadian gene and erb a clock controlled gene (CCG). These study support the hypothese that this familly could be bind physiologic functions and clock
Bahougne, Thibault. „Perturbation de la rythmicité circadienne : impact sur la fonction reproductive de souris femelles“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAJ001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn female mammals, cycles in reproductive function depend on both a biological clock synchronized to the light/dark cycle, and a balance between the negative and positive feedbacks of estradiol which concentration varies during ovary maturation. In women, studies report that chronodisruptive environments, notably those experienced in shiftwork conditions, may impair fertility and gestational success. The objective of this study was to explore, in female mice, the effects of shifted light/dark cycles on both the robustness of the estrous cycles and the timing of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, two hallmarks of mammalian reproductive health. When mice were exposed to a single 10 h-phase advance or 10 h-phase delay, the occurrence and timing of the LH surge and estrous cyclicity were recovered at the third estrous cycle. By contrast, when mice were exposed to a chronic shift (successive rotations of 10 h-phase advance for 3 days followed by 10 h-phase delay for 4 days), they exhibited a severely impaired reproductive activity. Most mice had no preovulatory LH surge already at the beginning of the chronic shift. Furthermore, the gestational success of mice exposed to a chronic shift was reduced since the number of pups was two times lower in shifted as compared to control mice. In conclusion, this study reports that female mice exposure to a single-phase shift has minor reproductive effects whereas exposure to chronically disrupted light/dark cycles markedly impairs the preovulatory LH surge occurrence, leading to reduced fertility
Castaingts, Valentina. „Rythme circadien et efficacité neuromusculaire de muscles posturaux chez l'homme“. Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1352.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThomas, Christian. „Détermination d'un rythme circadien de la rétinol-binding protein chez l'homme“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20364.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmdaoud, Malika. „Stabilité du rythme circadien des cyanobactéries : investigation d’un couplage entre oscillateurs“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe circadian clock is a self-sustained biological clock that can be found in many organisms such as mammals, insects, plants, and even cyanobacteria. This rhythm allows living organisms to coordinate their metabolic and behavioural activities with the Earth’s daily rotation. The free-running period of this clock is close to 24h h. The cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus sp. PCC7942 is the simplest organism that has this circadian clock. And in spite of cellular division (up to 3 divisions per 24 h), the oscillations persist among a population of bacteria. Moreover, single-cell experiments showed that the oscillations were persisting with a correlation time of several months. We thus raised the question of the origin of such a robust oscillator. Indeed, the cyanobacteria are submitted to various sources of noise, and in spite of these fluctuations, the oscillations remain robust. We therefore investigate the potential coupling between oscillators, which could reinforce the stability of oscillations. By using strains carrying a luciferase reporter, we access to the circadian clock of cyanobacteria. We also used a theoretical model of week interaction between oscillators, this model taking into account the phase diffusion of oscillations. By confronting experimental measures with numerical simulations, we managed to estimate an upper limit to the potential coupling strength between oscillators. By comparing the phase diffusion constant with the coupling strength, we showed that the robustness of the circadian clock of cyanobacteria is a built-in property
Zerbib, Freddy. „Recherche d'un rythme circadien de concentration de proteines de la salive chez l'adulte sain“. Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE7511.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCONCAS, VICTOR. „Chronopharmacocinetique d'une dose unique de un gramme de cefoperazone administree en intra veineuse lente chez le patient cholecystectomise“. Saint-Etienne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STET6054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePonchaux, Christian. „Variations spontanees des concentrations seriques des hormones thyroidiennes et thyreotrope au cours du nycthemere“. Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarbot, Willy. „Variation circadienne et induction avec l'âge de l'expression d'un rétrotransposon IAP de souris : caractérisation du site d'insertion proviral et "effet de position"“. Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFerret, Marie-Christine. „Chrononutrition : les aspects fondamentaux des relations de la chronobiologie et de la nutrition“. Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P212.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLebailly, Basile. „Implication du gène Arntl2 lié au rythme circadien dans le diabète de type 1“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066340/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Arntl2 gene (Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator-Like 2) on which our lab focus is a transcription factor linked to the circadian rhythm which has been identified as a candidate gene to type 1 diabetes. Amongst the genes regulated by this transcription factor there is a strong candidate gene: the Interleukin 21, responsible of the proliferation of the T CD4+ lymphocyte, contributing to the destruction of the β cells in the pancreas during type 1 diabetes. My thesis project consisted on studying how the NOD and C3H alleles of Arntl2 control the expression of Il-21 and how it affected the immune system. The analysis of the immune cells revealed that the mice with a C3H allele in Idd6.3 produce less CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+IL-21+ T cells than the mice with a NOD allele in Idd6.3 and the NOD.B6 Arntl2-/-. We showed that this difference is due to the fact that ARNTL2 binds specifically to the RNA POL II binding site on the Il-21 promoter and inhibits its expression. We also have shown that a Knockout of this gene increase the apoptosis resistance of the thymocytes. And that this resistance was due to IL-21, indeed, injections of IL-21 brought the same increase in resistance than the one in the strains without a functional version of Arntl2. These new results show an unexpected role for Arntl2 in the regulation of the immune equilibrium by its control of Il-21 expression, and in the thymic selection of T cell by apoptosis
Lebailly, Basile. „Implication du gène Arntl2 lié au rythme circadien dans le diabète de type 1“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066340.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Arntl2 gene (Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator-Like 2) on which our lab focus is a transcription factor linked to the circadian rhythm which has been identified as a candidate gene to type 1 diabetes. Amongst the genes regulated by this transcription factor there is a strong candidate gene: the Interleukin 21, responsible of the proliferation of the T CD4+ lymphocyte, contributing to the destruction of the β cells in the pancreas during type 1 diabetes. My thesis project consisted on studying how the NOD and C3H alleles of Arntl2 control the expression of Il-21 and how it affected the immune system. The analysis of the immune cells revealed that the mice with a C3H allele in Idd6.3 produce less CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+IL-21+ T cells than the mice with a NOD allele in Idd6.3 and the NOD.B6 Arntl2-/-. We showed that this difference is due to the fact that ARNTL2 binds specifically to the RNA POL II binding site on the Il-21 promoter and inhibits its expression. We also have shown that a Knockout of this gene increase the apoptosis resistance of the thymocytes. And that this resistance was due to IL-21, indeed, injections of IL-21 brought the same increase in resistance than the one in the strains without a functional version of Arntl2. These new results show an unexpected role for Arntl2 in the regulation of the immune equilibrium by its control of Il-21 expression, and in the thymic selection of T cell by apoptosis
Li, Xiao Mei. „Modulation pharmacologique des rythmes de tolerance aux agents anticancereux chez la souris“. Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA11T025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoky, Rachida. „Rôle de la prolactine dans la régulation du rythme circadien du sommeil paradoxal chez le rat“. Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T285.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleROCHE, ELISABETH. „Recherche d'un rythme circadien de la retinol-binding protein chez les sujet agé de sexe féminin“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20363.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDepres-Brummer, Petra. „Suppression du systeme circadien chez le rat : caracterisation et traitement pharmacologique (doctorat : pharmacologie experimentale et clinique)“. Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA11T031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleShen, Shuren. „La mélatonine : étude du récepteur et de l' enzyme de biosynthèse sérotonine-N-acétyltransférase por la recherche de nouvelles molécules à potentialité thérapeutique“. Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P631.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDerambure, Philippe. „Etude electrophysiologique in vitro des mecanismes neuronaux determinant la fonction circadienne des noyaux suprachiasmatiques de l'hypothalamus ; place de la thermosensibilite neuronale“. Lille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL2T008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLE, FUR CATHERINE. „Interaction entre le stress et les variations nycthemerales sur le metabolisme des lipides (doctorat : nutrition)“. Lille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL2T014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCANDITO, VALLAURI MIRANDE. „Etude circadienne de substances neuro-hormonales circulantes dans la depression : noradrenaline, tryptophane, serotonine, cortisol“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX22966.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJoannidis, S. „Effets de la substitution glucocorticoide sur la fonction thyreotrope dans les atteintes hypothalamo-hypophysaires : interet de l'etude du rythme circadien de la tsh“. Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePelissier-Alicot, Anne-Laure. „Effets chronopharmacologiques du tabac, de la nicotine et de la cafeine : etude telemetrique chez le rat (doctorat : chimie de l'environnement et sante)“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX2657U.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRochon, Paul. „Rythme de la vigilance et de la cognition“. Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21782/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe topic of this thesis relates to the rhythm of vigilance and cognition. In the first part, we validate a subjective evaluation of sleep propensity by reference to MSLT (Multiple Sleep Latency Test). By factorial analysis, it is assumed that there are three main dimensional components of vigilance (ergic or behavioral, emotional, and cognitive). Then, the rhythms of these three dimensions are measured with the circadian variations of the core body temperature and during a modification of state of consciousness (hypnosis). There is a reliable self-evaluation of sleep propensity. The variation of core body temperature seems to be correlated with the rhythm of the ergic dimension and with the cognitive dimension of vigilance. During a modification of state of consciousness as hypnosis, behaviour dimension and emotional dimension of vigilance seem to change.In the second part, we focus on the process of cognition during different state of consciousness (sleep, wake, hypnosis). By using a Remember/Know memory test, we observe quality recall modification (verbal, imagery and emotional conditions) according to the states of consciousness of the subject. Moreover, we highlight that forgetfulness is not a deleted process of information, but depends on access to memory
FRICKER, JACQUES. „Obesite et apports nutritionnels : calories des 24 heures, rythme circadien, relations alcool-cholesterol hdl, statut en fer“. Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRobert, Maxime. „Le risque lithogène oxalo-calcique urinaire : modalités d'évaluation et évolution nycthémérale“. Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON1T030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuc, Céline. „Identification des génes impliqués dans la signalisation du statut en fer chez les végétaux“. Montpellier SupAgro, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSAM0018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMennecier, Isabelle. „L'excretion urinaire des pyridinolines chez le sujet normal : variations nycthemerales chez le sujet age carence en vitamine d : evolution sous supplementation vitaminique“. Amiens, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AMIEM085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAOUIZERATE, PATRICE. „Le holter tensionnel chez les personnes agees“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNegroni, Julia. „Étude neuroanatomique et fonctionnelle du système circadien chez les mammifères souterrains“. Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRomon, Monique. „Influence de l'heure du repas sur les réponses métaboliques et hormonales : application aux perturbations associées au travail poste“. Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10236.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDaoud, El-Baba Marie. „Facteurs régulateurs de l'absorption intestinale de l'α-méthyl-glucopyrannoside et du D-glucose : mise en évidence d'un rythme circadien“. Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCretenet, Gaspard. „Coordination par l'horloge circadienne de l'activation rythmique du stress du RE et de la traduction dans le foie de souris“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20115/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn one hand, The mammalian circadian clock plays a fundamental role in the liver by regulating fatty acid, glucose, and xenobiotic metabolism. Impairment of this rhythm has been shown to lead to diverse pathologies, including metabolic syndrome. Currently, it is supposed that the circadian clock regulates metabolism mostly by regulating expression of liver enzymes at the transcriptional level. We show that the circadian clock also controls hepatic metabolism by synchronizing a secondary 12 hr period rhythm characterized by rhythmic activation of the IRE1a pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum. The absence of circadian clock perturbs this secondary clock and provokes deregulation of endoplasmic reticulum localized enzymes. This leads to impaired lipid metabolism, resulting in aberrant activation of the sterol-regulated SREBP transcription factors. The resulting aberrant circadian lipid metabolism in mice devoid of the circadian clock could be inv olved in the appearance of the associated metabolic syndrome.In a second hand, the tissue growth in animals is principally regulated by nutrient sensing and principally by the protein kinase TOR. In mice one gene is identified as TOR kinase and the association of Tor protein associated with 2 different complex of protein (TORC1 and TORC2). TORC1 is the major rapamycin sensitive form and is the primary mediator of energy and amino acid sensing for growth control. This control consists in the regulation of translation through the phosphorylation of S6 Kinase (ribosomal S6 kinase) and 4E-BP (Eif4E binding protein) and the control of ribosome biogenesis. We are interested to show if the circadian clock regulate TOR translation regulation in mice liver
Mormont, Marie-Christine. „Sélection et validation d'un test prédictif de la survie des patients atteints de cancer : fonde sur l'altération du système Circadien“. Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA11T036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePienkowski, Catherine. „Etude des diffèrentes méthodes d'exploration somatotrope dans 257 cas de retard statural : tests pharmacologiques, sécrétion nycthémérale, test GHRH, somatomédine C“. Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31260.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDumont, Hélène. „Chutes tensionnelles dans certaines formes vasculaires de glaucomes chroniques“. Angers, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ANGE1075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoucher, Hélène. „Etude de l'influence des gènes régulateurs du rythme circadien dans la prolifération, la différenciation et la division de cellules souches humaines“. Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC123.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe circadian rhythm (CR) is defined as a chrono-biological behavior. Numerous biological and physiological functions may be attributed to it. Also, disturbances of the CR are associated with an increase of the impact of specific diseases (diabetes, cancer or cardiovascular diseases). At a cellular level, those alterations lead to great functional modifications like proliferation and differentiation. In this context, our work is aimed at evaluating the rote of the different components of CR involved on the regulation of functional properties in human cells: the mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and the circulating endothelial progenitors (CEPs). We have two experimental approaches; the first one is chemical and uses a CR modulator, the BIO, a GSK-313 protein specific inhibitor. The other one, a motecular approach, uses a shRNA specifically inhibiting CLOCK and PER2 genes expression. We show, in vitro, the rote of clock genes for the maintenance of the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of hMSCs and for the control of their differentiation into adipocytes, without any modification of their ability to differentiate into osteocytes. In the CEPs model, the knockdown of PER2 expression induces a significant inhibition of the migratory and invasive capacities, and of the tube formation in vitro. The inhibition of CLOCK expression negatively affects the migratory properties of CEPs. Those results suggest that the CR regulates the functional capacities such as differentiation, proliferation and migration of human stem or progenitor cells
Touron-Riflart, Nathalie. „Rythme circadien de temperature corporelle au cours du cycle veille-sommeil chez l'homme : influence de l'heure et des stades de sommeil“. Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066571.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTouron-Riflart, Nathalie. „Rythme circadien de température corporelle au cours du cycle veille-sommeil chez l'homme influence de l'heure et des stades de sommeil /“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376189360.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeau, Jacques. „Etude des correlats genetiques du rythme de l'activite chez la souris consanguine“. Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05S013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWolf, Jean-Pierre. „Contribution à l'étude du contrôle de la sécrétion de l'hormone antidiurétique“. Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1H102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZhang, Yuan. „Circadian clocks and cancer : The implication of BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1) in colorectal and breast carcinoma development and treatment“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS422.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBMAL1 is a core circadian clock protein, forming a heterodimer with CLOCK to initiate the transcription of circadian and output genes. Among canonical clock genes, only BMAL1 knockout results in complete loss of rhythmicity in both the SCN and peripheral tissues. My thesis work focuses on exploring the important role of BMAL1 in human breast and colon cancer progression and treatment. My work is divided into three main parts:1. Dosing time dependent in vitro pharmacodynamics of Everolimus despite a defective circadian clock (Zhang et al., 2018)(Zhang, Levi and Chang, 2018) Everolimus (EV) is an inhibitor of mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and is used to treat estrogen positive (ER+) breast cancer. Here, we investigated whether EV efficacy varied according to administration timing by using the ER+ breast cancer cell line MCF-7 as a model system. Serum shock synchronization induced a circadian oscillation in mTOR activity in MCF-7 cells, which rhythmically regulated the synthesis or phosphorylation of key G1 progression proteins, such as Cyclin D1 and phosphorylated RB, ultimately resulting in different G0/G1 blockage efficiency according to different EV administration timing. Thus, the different delivery schedule of EV presented different efficacy in G0/G1 phase blockage in serum shocked MCF-7 cells.This investigation revealed that, even in a breast cancer cell system with disrupted circadian organization, modulating drug administration according to other protein rhythms could still increase drug efficacy. This principle may be applied to many other cancer systems and treatment types to optimize cancer chronotherapy.2. Knockdown BMAL1 triggered different colon carcinoma cells fates by altering the delicate equilibrium between AKT/mTOR and P21/P53 pathways (Article in preparation)We tried to evaluate in vitro how knockdown BMAL1 (BMAL1-KD) by shRNA influences human colorectal cancer cell (CRC) behavior.The results revealed that BMAL1-KD triggered different CRC cell fates based on distinct p53 status in different cell lines. First, after BMAL1 knockdown, two primary CRC cell lines (HCT116 and SW480) presented a more evident AKT/mTOR activation than the metastatic colon carcinoma cell line, SW620. Furthermore, although both primary CRC cell lines presented a significant increase of AKT/mTOR activity, they had different P53 status (WT or mutant) and activation pattern. Under these context, SW480 BMAL1-KD cells exhibited increased senescence but HCT116 BMAL1-KD cells showed firstly a transient apoptosis and then higher proliferation rate.Thus, our work uncovered the crucial role of BMAL1 to balance a central metabolism regulator AKT/mTOR and a stress response pathway P53/P21 in CRC cell lines, which highlighted the importance of BMAL1 in CRC development and aging progression.3. BMAL1 knockdown leans epithelial–mesenchymal balance toward epithelial properties and decreased the chemoresistance of colon carcinoma cell (Article in preparation)Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical early event in the invasion and metastasis of carcinoma, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In this work, we studied how BMAL1-KD alters the delicate equilibrium between epithelial and mesenchymal properties of three colon carcinoma cell lines (HCT116, SW480 and SW620).The results showed the molecular alterations after BMAL1-KD promote mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition-like changes mostly appeared in two primary CRC cell lines (HCT116 and SW480) compared to the metastatic cell line SW620. Subsequently, BMAL1-KD HCT116 and SW480 cells harbored a decreased migration, invasiveness and drug resistance capacities relative to their scramble counterpart cells. All these data suggested the importance of BMAL1 on EMT inducing in colon carcinoma cells
RUPPERT, EMMANUELLE. „Chronotherapie des cancers par perfusion a debit module selon un rythme circadien : exemples du 5 fluoro-uracile de la doxorubicine et de la floxuridine“. Strasbourg 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR15016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLouis, Caroline. „Variations circadiennes de l'excrétion urinaire des catécholamines et de substances dérivées d'amines biogènes chez l'homme, effets d'une exposition nocturne controlée au champ magnétique de très basse fréquence (50-Hz)“. Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMartin, Jeanne-Sophie. „Rythme de l'hormone mélatonine, sommeil et fonctionnement à l'éveil en contexte de mésalignement circadien : études de deux populations à risque : les adolescents et les travailleurs de nuit“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29993.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe sleep-wake cycle of mammals is usually organized according to two principal factors: the endogenous circadian rhythm, and the light-dark cycle. Humans are on the other hand living in a 24-h society, and will organize their sleep-wake schedule based on their work and school schedule. This can lead to circadian misalignment, which happens when one’s endogenous circadian rhythm is not in phase with external or astronomical time. In the past years, two situations caused by circadian misalignment have raised public health concerns. First, night work is considered as a risk factor for numerous health problems and has been linked more recently to cancer. A second preoccupation regards adolescent school schedules, which have been stated by the scientific community to be not adequate for adolescent’s sleep needs. Considering that these two problematic situations affect a large proportion of the population in industrialized countries, there is a keen interest to find factors modulating adaptation to these schedules, and to test strategies to improve adaptation to night work. The main objectives of this thesis was therefore to assess how chronotype is a factor modulating adaptation to these schedules, and to evaluate how exposure to short wavelengths of light during the night combined with cutting short wavelengths during the day can enhance adaptation to night shifts. The first article presented in this thesis reveals that adolescents’ sleep would beneficiate from a later school schedule, and that evening chronotypes are more at risk for sleepiness. The second article of this thesis compares the effect of night vs. day shifts on sleep and motor activity in shift workers, and demonstrate that evening chronotypes have more sleep problems in both type of shifts. The third article present results from two pilot studies testing light interventions (using short and long wavelengths light) aiming to increase adaptation to night work. Results from this article demonstrate that improving sleep and waking hours in shift work necessitates more than the sole adjustment of the circadian phase to the night shift; evening chronotypes, though better adjusted to the night schedule, were presenting more problems in sleep and functioning during waking hours.
MARCHENAY, CECILE. „Apport de l'inhibition de deux proteines de reparation de l'adn et de la chronobiologie dans l'optimisation de l'index therapeutique de differents agents alkylants (doctorat : pharmacologie experimentale)“. Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF1MM07.
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