Dissertationen zum Thema „Perte de propriétés“
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Nelayah, Jaysen. „Propriétés optiques de nanoparticules metalliques aux échelles sous-longueur d’onde“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112331.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom a fundamental point of view as well as for potential applications, understanding the srinking optical properties of metallic nanoparticles is crucial. In this manuscript, we showed on different metallic nanosystems, the possibility of mapping at the sub-wavelength scale the spatial variations of the electromagnetic fields associated to surface Plasmon resonances in the visible domain. This has been made possible by combining energy resolution improvements brought about during this thesis to low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and the nanometer resolution accessible in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Experiments undertaken on triangular silver nanoprisms, gold nanodecahedra and dimers of triangular silver nanoprisms have enabled us to study, in particular, the correlation existing between the surface plasmons maps and the direction of the excitation its symmetry and the shapes of the nanoparticles. Moreover, using the recent link established between low-loss EELS signals and the local density of photonic states (this is a universal quantity analogous to the local density of electronis states measured in tunneling microscope), we have been able to analytically calculate and simulate the EELS response of a molecule in the presence of planar metallic surface and thus, verify the feasibility of single molecule EELS spectroscopy
Hambach, Ralf. „Théorie et Simulations numériques ab-initio des propriétés électroniques de nanostructures: vers la spectroscopie de perte d'énergie résolue spatialement“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00587080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNormand, Valéry. „Comportement rhéologique des gels de gélatine, relations propriétés-structures“. Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10246.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesmarest, Cyrille. „Propriétés électromagnétiques de matériaux superparamagnètiques : préparation, et caractérisation magnétique et optique“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000VERSA011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDupuy, Jean-Sébastien. „Identification des propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites par analyse vibratoire“. Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20200.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe mechanical performance of composites depends not only on the characteristics of fillers and matrix used, but also on the quality of interface between these constituents. Thus, poor interfacial adhesion generally results in a decrease of the behavior of composite, which may be likened to an overall damage of the material. The purpose of this study is to propose a means of quick characterization of materials damage from mechanical vibrations analyses. Indeed, bad cohesion within thematerial can lead to friction phenomena, which tend to increase the damping level of its dynamic response. Several experimental techniques, some of which based on the analysis of the structural resonant frequencies, are presented in this study. The viscoelastic properties of particulate composites with polymer matrix are analyzed. Some design parameters of these model materials have been tuned, in order to create different damage levels. The results, particularly in regard to the loss factor, are interpreted from a comparison with simple analytical homogenization models
Saikaly, Wahib. „Etude par microscopie électronique du rôle de chaque étape du traitement thermomécanique sur la précipitation dans les aciers dual-phase microalliés au titane“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHaddad, Noël. „Étude des propriétés diélectriques des phases Mn+1AXn par spectroscopie de pertes d'énergies des électrons“. Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112349.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe MAX phases are ternary carbides and nitrides which exhibit remarkable properties half way between metals end ceramics. In this work, we have measured the complex dielectric constant Ɛ(ω) as a function of the composition of the sample. The samples are thin films of single crystal grown by magnetron sputtering and bulk polycristals processed by hot isostatic pressure. The measurements have been performed by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the infrated - soft x-ray range and by V-UV ellipsometry in the infrated-ultraviolet range (1. 6 to 5. 5 eV). The dielctric properties of the Ti2A1C and Ti2A1N samples are remarkably different with the crystallographic orientation. In particular, a shift of the energy position of the plasmon of Ti1A1C with respect to the orientation of the crystal is observed. The dielectric constants of thin films of Ti2GeC, Ti2SnC and V2GeC have also been determined. A empirical semi-classical Drude-Lorentz model is fitted to the experimental spectra enabled us to extract the microscopic parameters such as the relaxation times and the electron density and the lifetime of free electrons. In addition, we show that the DC conductivity is indeed anisotropic in these compounds, a fact which has not been possible to address so far on macroscopic measurements. The dielectric function has been modelled in the framework of the time dependant density functional theory. Our calculations showed that the various dielctric functions in Ti2A1C are clearly influenced by strong local effect created by the presence of the d band in this material
Dupuy, Jean-Sébastien. „Identification des propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites par analyse vibratoire“. Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383234.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThomas, Cédric. „Etude aux échelles atomique et nanométrique de la structure électronique du graphite exposé à l'hydrogène (atomes, ions, plasma) modèle des premières étapes de l'érosion chimique dans les tokamaks“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX11029.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this report, we present a study of the physical properties (vibrational and electronic structures, surface morphology) of graphite surfaces subjected to hydrogen (or deuterium) flux considering atoms, ions or plasmas. We have used the following surface analysis techniques : scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). When graphite surfaces are exposed to atomic hydrogen, STM and HREELS data show a perturbation of the local density of states (LDOS) directly related to a surface perturbation. Thanks to DFT calculations performed in the laboratory, a model of hydrogen adsorption on a graphite surface has been developped. When graphite surfaces are previously bombarded, hydrogen-graphite ineraction seems stronger. Plasma experiments reveal a similitude concerning interaction mechanisms in comparison with atomic and ion bombardment experiments. A synergetic effect is also pointed out
Azoti, Wiyao Leleng. „Conception et amélioration des propriétés amortissantes des composites auxétiques basés sur l'utilisation des outils de la micromécanique“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0218/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe design of composite (particles/fibers or structures) materials, consisting of auxetic reinforcements, with enhanced damping properties is studied herein. For such analysis, the auxetic behavior describing a negative Poisson's ratio needs to be understood as "structure effect" point of view than "material effect". Indeed, the "material effect" which treats of the topological and morphological textures of the composite constituents remains poorly documented in the literature. Based on the kinematic integral equation of Dederichs and Zeller, the design space of auxetic composite materials is explored initially through an analytical one-site formulation of the Mori-Tanaka micromechanics scheme. Then, more complex microstructures are investigated from micromechanics formalism as well as Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. One can cite the multilayered hollow-cored microstructure and the microstructure describing a cluster of re-entrant ellipsoidal inclusions in which the interaction among them (inclusions) is taken into account. The results provided by these investigations show us for instance in the case of isotropic materials that auxeticity is achieved if and only if one of the material?s constituents (inclusion or matrix) is initially auxetic. Also, it is noticed in the case of ellipsoidal inclusions describing the re-entrant cluster that auxetic behavior can be recovered by introducing joints between inclusions. Otherwise, favorable issues are only expected with auxetic components. In addition to this preliminary analysis concerning the validity domain of auxetic behavior in composites, the effect of inserting auxetic reinforcements within a viscoelastic matrix for instance PolyVinylButyral (PVB) on the one hand, and the use of auxetic and viscoelastic layers in sandwich structures on the other hand, are studied. The response of these materials in terms of damping properties, such as the storage modulus and the loss factor are then identified and discussed versus non-auxetic (conventional) composite reinforcements
Sakael, Clément. „Modélisation de la microstructure des alliages de Zirconium irradiés : application à un transitoire Accident de Perte de Réfrigérant Primaire et à la restauration en aval du cycle“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CLIL0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe subject of this thesis concerns zirconium alloys which are used to manufacture the fuel rod cladding and fuel assemblies of pressurized water nuclear reactors. This type of alloy is chosen in the nuclear field for its low thermal neutron capture cross section. However, under neutron irradiation, changes in shape and volume, an increase in hardness and a significant reduction in the ductility of the material are observed, which means an increase in its embrittlement. This work focuses on the irradiation-induced growth of the cladding that results from an elongation in the basal plane and a contraction along the c ⃗ axis of the hexagonal lattice of the alpha phase of zirconium. This phenomenon amplifies beyond a threshold dose that coincides with the nucleation of dislocation loops and the formation of loop alignments as layers parallel to the basal plane. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of nucleation of defect clusters such as dislocation loops are still to be clarified. In order to have a better understanding of these phenomena, a multi-scale approach was used to model the evolution of the microstructure of zirconium alloys (i) during irradiation, (ii) during the transient phase of a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) and (iii) during the downstream restoration of the cycle. First, atomic scale calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and empirical potentials are performed to determine the properties and characteristics of point defect clusters (self-interstitial clusters, vacancy clusters and dislocation loops).In order to have a better characterization of self-interstitial, the migrationenergies and diffusion coefficients of di- and tri-self-interstitials are calculated in moleculardynamics using DFT. Some of the results obtained by atomistic calculations are used as inputdata for an object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) code, which simulates the evolution of themicrostructure of zirconium under conditions (i) to (iii)
Vast, Nathalie. „Etude ab initio des propriétés physiques des matériaux“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440923.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHug, Eric. „Etude des dégradations des propriétés magnétiques d'alliages Fe-3% Si avec les déformations plastiques : Application à la mise en oeuvre des tôles utilisées dans la conception des moteurs électriques“. Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMP632S.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlix, Kévin. „Développement d'une approche basée sur la microscopie électronique en transmission filtrée en énergie pour la détermination des propriétés physiques de bulles d'hélium dans le silicium“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2266/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is dedicated to the development and application of a method allowing for the fine characterization of the physical properties (density, diameter, pressure and morphology) of helium bubbles at the nanometric scale, to eventually improve the understanding of the behavior of these nano-systems. The chosen approach is based on electron energy loss spectroscopy and the acquisition of spectral images by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. The acquisition, aberration correction, and data analysis steps are detailed. The measurement error is estimated, and potential improvements are discussed. We additionally show that this method is not only able to overcome the limits imposed by commonly used scanning transmission electron microscopy, but also to go further, notably in a statistical way. We then apply our method to determine the physical properties of helium bubbles in silicon, during in situ thermal annealing in the microscope. The evolution of the morphological characteristics of the bubbles is put in relation with the variation of the density of the helium contained following these annealings. The density and pressure values are compared to those available in the litterature through experimental and numerical methods. Finally, the translation of this method towards the study of bubbles in other matrices (germanium, silicon carbide, euxenite) is discussed
Michau, Marc. „Méthode des impédances mécaniques virtuelles optimales pour le contrôle actif vibroacoustique d'un panneau aéronautique“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGannac, Yves. „Alliages Fe-6,5%Si élaborés par solidification rapide sous atmosphère controlée : microstructure, propriétés magnétiques et comparaison avec des alliages Fe-Si industriels“. Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSerra, Raphaël. „Moments magnétiques et structure électronique au voisinage des interfaces : étude par spectroscopie de pertes d'énergie d'électrons et calculs ab-initio“. Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/607/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe magnetic moment of iron atoms is considerably modified close to the interfaces. The electron energy lost spectroscopy (EELS) allows the study of the electronic structure with a spacial resolution at the nanometer scale. Particularly the threshold L2,3 of transition metal can bring information concerning local variations of the magnetic moment. In fact, there is a relationship between the intensity ratio I(L3)/I(L2) measured at the threshold of iron and the magnetic moment of this atom. However the relation that bring together these two quantities is not obvious but the studies carried on compounds and alloys containing iron showed empiric evidences that the intensity ratio I(L3)/I(L2) varies in a monotone way with the magnetic moment of iron atom. In this work, we were interested in the variation of the intensity ratio I(L3)/I(L2) induced by the interfaces in three different epitaxial systems containing tin iron layers. Those systems are different, one from each other, by the atomic and/or chemical structure at the interface in close proximity to the iron layer. In addition, for each of these systems we studied the influence of the thickness of the iron layer on the electronic and magnetic structure using ab-initio methods. The variations of the intensity ratio of the threshold L2,3 induced by the interfaces are correlated to the magnetic moment variations of the iron atoms which are calculated for each systems by ab-initio methods
Gonçalves, Marques Gabriela. „Effet du recyclage mécanique sur la modification structurale et le comportement mécanique du PET vierge et renforcé choc“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10273.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecycling is today one of the possibilities for limiting the environmental impact of plastic wastes. In this context, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is in the spotlight, being the most recycled polymers in the word. Despite the efforts spent in recycling this material, many technical challenges still restrain its industrial development. This research work intends to better understand the limitations of the mechanical recycling of PET and to offer innovative technical solutions for these drawbacks. The ambition of this project is to extend the use of acrylic-based impact modifiers to boost the mechanical performances of PET while studying their recycling potential. The first experimental phase of this research focus on clarifying the relationship between structural modification caused by successive reprocessing cycles and the mechanical response of recycled PET (rPET). Then, the introduction of low concentration of additives is assessed. Two different reinforcement strategies based in impact modifiers, reactive or nonreactive, are investigated and their performances compared. Finally, the reprocessing potential of the produced blends is also identified. The contribution of the presence of impact modifiers on the different structural modifications observed previously can help to better understand their action and the different mechanisms taking place. Throughout this work, processing parameters and the rheological response of the blends are discussed. Thermal transitions and the morphology of the blends also guide their understanding. Finally, aspects such as the effect of the physical aging of the PET matrix are investigated. The main objective of this PhD work is, therefore, to expand the recycling possibilities of PET, facilitating it without affecting its ecological balance
Le, Naour Sandrine. „Pertes en champ propre et longitudinal dans les conducteurs supraconducteurs 50Hz“. Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor a few years, the increasing interest in the applications of the limiters type has incited us to study the behaviour of conductors with ultra-fine superducting filaments in self field conditions. The study is extended to conductors subject to a longitudinal magnetic field varying in phase with the transport current. This field configuration is encountered in the case of assembled conductors. The knowledge of current distributions of electric and magnetic fieds in the multi-filamentary composite is necessary for an appropriate description of their properties in the variable operation conditions. That is why a model for the calculation of current distributions was developed, which allows the losses to be deduced. The model proposed considers both intrinsinc characteristics (current-voltage curve, critical current variation in the presence of a magnetic field) and the geometrical characteristics (twist pitch, etc). In order to validate this theoretical model, we have studied and developed a local loss measurement method (thermometric method). The measurement station installed allows linear loss densities to be measured from 2mW/m with a 10% accuracy. This loss measurement method, rapid and easy to be implemented, can be envisaged for a systematic characterization of the conductors at the end of manufacture (quality control). In self field, the loss densities calculated by the numerical model are in good accordance with the experimental results. In addition, the study of losses and of conductor stability shows that strands with ultra-fine filaments would not be necessary for applications in self field. Finally, the application of a longitudinal induction modifies the loss densities and the conductor stability. The experiences made reveal that the origin of the instability is rather electromagnetic than thermal or mechanical
Turque, Isabelle. „Effet de fortes teneurs en hydrogène sur les propriétés métallurgiques et mécaniques des gaines en alliage de zirconium après incursion à haute température“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM066/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnder hypothetical loss-of-coolant accident conditions, fuel cladding tubes made of zirconium alloys can be exposed to steam at high temperature (up 1 200°C) before being cooled and then quenched in water. In some conditions, after burst occurrence the cladding can rapidly absorb a significant amount of hydrogen (secondary hydriding), up to 3 000wt.ppm locally, during steam exposition at HT.The study deals with the effect, poorly studied up to date, of high contents of hydrogen on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of two zirconium alloys, Zircaloy-4 and M5®, during and after cooling from high temperatures, at which zirconium is in its β phase. A specific facility was developed to homogeneously charge in hydrogen up to ~3 000wt.mass. cladding tube samples of several centimeters in length. Phase transformations, chemical element partitioning and hydrogen precipitation during cooling from the β temperature domain of zirconium were studied by using several techniques, for the materials containing up to ~3 000wt.ppm of hydrogen in average: in-situ neutron diffraction upon cooling from 700°C, X-ray diffraction, µ-ERDA, EPMA and electron microscopy in particular. The results were compared to thermodynamic predictions. In order to study the effect of high hydrogen contents on the mechanical behavior of the (prior-)β phase of zirconium, axial tensile tests were performed à various temperatures between 20 and 700°C upon cooling from the β temperature domain, on samples with mean hydrogen contents up to ~3 000ppm-mass.The results show that metallurgical and mechanical properties of the (prior-)β phase of zirconium alloys strongly depend on temperature and hydrogen content
Gautier, Eric. „Etude des propriétés structurales et physiques de la famille d'oxycarbonates supraconducteurs (Cu,C)Ba2Ca(n-1)CunOy“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10281.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRouzaud, Hélène. „Quelques propriétés mathématiques d'un modèle de flammes sphériques avec pertes de chaleur“. Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLelong, Franck. „Expérimentation, modélisation et simulation de l'impact de gouttes d'eau sur le gainage gonflé des assemblages d'un coeur de REP en situation d'ARP“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10102/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a pressurized water reactor (PWR), during a Loss Of Coolant Accident (LOCA), liquid water evaporates and the fuel assemblies are not cooled anymore; as a consequence, the temperature rises to such an extent that some parts of the fuel assemblies can be deformed resulting in ’ballooned regions’. When reflooding occurs, the cooling of these partially blocked parts of the fuel assemblies will depend on the coolant flow that is a mixture of overheated vapour and undersaturated droplets. The aim of this thesis is to study the heat transfer between droplets and hot walls of the fuel rods. In this purpose, an experimental device has been designed in accordance with droplets and wall features (droplet velocity and diameter, wall temperature) representative of LOCA conditions. The cooling of a hot Nickel disk, previously heated by induction, is cooled down by a stream of monodispersed droplet. The rear face temperature profiles are measured by infrared thermography. Then, the estimation of wall heat flux is performed by an inverse conduction technique from these infrared images. The effect of droplet dynamical properties (diameter, velocity …) on the heat flux is studied. These experimental datas allow us to validate an analytical model of heat exchange between droplet and hot slab. This model is based on combined dynamical and thermal considerations. On the one hand, the droplet dynamics is considered through a spring analogy in order to evaluate the evolution of droplet features such as the spreading diameter when the droplet is squeezed over the hot surface. On the other hand, thermal parameters, such as the thickness of the vapour cushion beneath the droplet, are determined from an energy balance. In the short term, this model will be integrated in a CFD code (named NEPTUNE_CFD) to simulate the cooling of a reactor core during a LOCA, taking into account the droplet/wall heat exchange
Haddad, Noël. „Etude des propriétés diélectriques des phases MAX par spectroscopie de pertes d'énergies des électrons“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662325.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKhuder, Hayfa. „Effet d'une pente sur l'architecture et les propriétés mécaniques des systèmes racinaires de semis d'arbres“. Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13384.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMollenhauer, Ralf. „Etude de la propagation guidée dans les multicouches optiques : mesures d'atténuation et localisation des pertes dans l'empilement“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeng, Han. „Acoustic properties of novel multifunctional sandwich structures and porous absorbing materials“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImplementation of acoustic materials is an effective and popular noise reduction method during propagation. Acoustic properties of novel multifunctional sandwich structures and porous absorbing materials are studied in the dissertation. The main contributions of the dissertation are given as, Sandwich panels generally have excellent mechanical properties and good sound transmission loss (STL), but no sound absorption ability. Novel multifunctional sandwich structures are developed by integrating micro perforations and porous absorbing materials to the conventional structurally-efficient corrugated and honeycomb sandwich panels to achieve good SAC and STL at low frequencies. Low frequency sound absorption and sound transmission loss (STL) of corrugated sandwich panels with different perforation configurations are evaluated both numerically and experimentally. Finite element (FE) models are constructed with considerations of acousticstructure interactions and viscous and thermal energy dissipations inside the perforations. The validity of FE calculations is checked against experimental measurements with the tested samples provided by additive manufacturing. Compared with the classical corrugated sandwich panels without perforation, the perforated corrugated sandwich panels (PCSPs) with perforations in its face plate not only exhibits a higher SAC at low frequencies but also a better STL as a consequence of the enlarged SAC. The enlargement of SAC and STL should be attributed to the acoustical resonance induced by the micro perforations. It is also found that the PCSPs with perforations in both the face plates and corrugated cores have the lowest resonance frequencies of all the PCSPs. Besides, the acoustic properties of honeycomb sandwich panels with microperforated faceplate are also explored. An analytical model is presented with the assumption that displacements of the two faceplates are identical at frequencies below the faceplate resonance frequency. The analytical model is subsequently verified by finite element models and existing experimental results. Unlike classical honeycomb sandwich panels which are poor sound absorbers, perforated honeycomb sandwiches (PHSPs) lead to high SAC at low frequencies, which in turn brings about increment in the low frequency STL. Influences of core configuration are investigated by comparing PHSPs with different honeycomb core configurations. In order to enlarge the SAC bandwidth of perforated sandwich panels, porous absorbing materials are added to the cores of novel perforated sandwich panels. FE models are set up to estimate the SAC and STL of perforated sandwich panels with porous materials. Results show that perforated sandwich panels with porous material can provide SAC with broader bandwidth and lower resonance frequency than that without porous materials. Whereas the peak values in the SAC and STL curves are reduced due to the weakened acoustical resonance by the porous materials. […]
Lévêque, Philippe. „Diffraction d'ondes électromagnétiques transitoires par des obstacles en présence de milieux diélectriques à pertes“. Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEscoubas, Ludovic. „Cartographies d'absorption et de diffusion de couches minces optiques : bilan des pertes interfaces - volume , corrélation défauts locaux - endommagement laser“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaure, Sophie. „Effets d'interface et de volume dans le processus des pertes optiques dans les structures planaires multicouches : application à la diffision piégée et aux cavités luminescentes“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJamier, Raphaël. „Propriétés linéaires des fibres optiques à cristal photonique à cœur solide“. Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/cc01e272-24b8-44b9-b5a1-478b8ebad714/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4044.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe insertion of photonic crystal in optical fibres made it possible to increase the thresholds of physical phenomena limiting the delivery and the generation of high power. The core size and the effective area (Aeff) of the fundamental mode are drastically increased while preserving a singlemode emission. The photonic crystal fibres studied here are defined by a one-dimensional periodic cladding allowing the light to be guided by the so-called photonic bandgap effect. Their potential is revealed through the study of their linear properties. Results about the design, fabrication and characterisation of fibres exhibiting large Aeff relative to the wavelength are reported. The drastic reduction of confinement loss and bending sensitivity is shown. The possibility of integrating such a fibre as a passive element in an “all fibre” laser source is also shown through an example of dispersion management
El-Ghalbzouri, Hassan. „Etude des propriétés électro-optiques de la structure oxyde-nitrure-oxyde (O. N. O. ) : application aux mémoires « EPROM » et « EEPROM »“. Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBüssing, Tobias. „Conception d'un simulateur mécatronique à propriétés variables pour l'apprentissage du geste en kinésithérapie respiratoire“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENA015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn France, 460000 infants between one month and two years are affected by the acute bronchiolitis each winter. This viral infection which leads to an inflammation of the respiratory tract is generally treated during a respiratory physiotherapy(RP) session. In order to improve the technical learning of the paediatric RP, a simulator which represents a six month old infant with an average type of bronchiolitis was developed in the laboratory SYMME. This first simulator allows the physiotherapist students to learn the basic gestures of the RP in a didactic and safe environment. This research work follows the frame work of this study and should allow an improvement of the training by proposing various didactic situations. As a first step, a system that allows reproducing the breathing movement of an infant on the simulator was developed. Then we worked on the design of a mechanism that allows obtaining a variable mechanical behaviour of the thorax in order to enable the student to practice on different clinical cases. For the realisation of such a device, we focused on systems which are conventionally used to dissipate energy by modifying the stiffness and/or the damping of the structure. Two semi-active devices based on the usage of a cylinder/piston system were examined. They differ in the way the pressure difference between the two chambers of the cylinder is generated : first, by changing the flow geometry and second, by a modification of the fluid flow characteristics of a magnetorheological fluid. The first solution was partially validated by a physiotherapist but was not completly satisfying. The second solution was tested on a specific test bench and seems to be a promising way to realise a simulator with variable properties
Ndiaye-Tandia, Oumy. „Caractérisation électromagnétique de nouveaux matériaux pour des applications industrielles aux fréquences micro-ondes“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10161/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is part of a Join Research Project entitled Electromagnetic Characterization of new Materials for Industrial Applications up to microwave frequencies (EMINDA). The central aim of EMINDA is to develop traceable Electromagnetic (EM) materials metrology to enable the uptake of new EM and functional materials by European industries, especially electronics and ICT related industries.The project aims initially to develop techniques for electromagnetic characterization of materials at the submicron scale to microwave frequencies, and later to extend the metrological traceability of these materials. An electromagnetic characterization technique has been developed to extract electromagnetic properties of ferroelectric thin films (BST and PZT) from a CPW topology (CoPlanar Waveguide). CPW measurements on such thin-films have been shown to be the most tractable for metrological purposes.This thesis also aims to make comparative measurements between national metrology institutes using different experimental techniques. This work will constitute at European level, a measurement base of electromagnetic properties of emerging materials in industry with high accuracy on uncertainties measurements up to 110 GHz
Laffont, Lydia. „Structure et propriétés physiques de matériaux polyaromatiques par MET, EELS, et RX“. Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30129.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGravil, Jean-Louis. „Contribution à l'étude des propriétés basse température des composés à base de K Ta O3 par mesures thermiques et diélectriques“. Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10079.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHe, Huan. „Analyse de l'effet d'un adjuvant biosourcé pour élaborer des matériaux cimentaires plus éco-respectueux“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is a part of the SEPOLBE project, which aims to develop eco‐friendly admixtures. The active principle of this admixture is made of extra‐cellular substances, secreted by microorganisms into their surroundings. It contributes to the effort in sustainable development that consists to limit the impact of buildings on environment and human health, with a guarantee of better quality concerning esthetical, durability and resistance criteria, according to the REACH regulation. The action of thisorganic product was evaluated on its setting time effects on cement as well as the mechanical behavior to the hardened state. The bioadmixture presents a significant effect on the workability of mortar (CEM I or CEM V) with a plasticizing action. Whatever the curing time, the compressive strength values of samples containing 1.5% of bioadmixture remain higher than the minimum data of standard strength according to the EN 196‐1 standard. The porosimetry by intrusion with mercury carried out with cement pastes showed the existence of a threshold (in the range 0.5‐0.75% of bioadmixture) from which the porous structure of cement pastes changes, while no modification were observed with the measurement of porosity accessible to water. For higher curing times, thesurface roughness of cement pastes, more heterogeneous, decreases with the presence of the bioadmixture. This work allowed to better control the use of a bio‐product assimilated as an admixture, as well as to contribute to the knowledge of the interactions between microorganisms and cementitious materials. An original approach, using the PCR ‐ not routinely used technique forthat purpose with cementitious materials ‐ helped to highlight that bacteria were present inside the mortar samples with a capacity to grow to higher curing time. The studied bioadmixture allows giving to the concrete the ability to resist against environmental stresses while being eco‐friendly, concerning both its chemical composition and its durability
Barrette, Julie. „Changement temporel, rendement en valeur monétaire et propriétés physico-mécaniques des arbres morts secs et sains de la forêt boréale de l'Est“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29882/29882.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a context of decreasing annual allowable cut, the use of dead and sound wood (DSW) trees (trees that have recently died through isolated mortality or group mortality) may represent an interesting opportunity to increase the volumes supplied to the Quebec forest industries. Conversely, it is important to account for the presence of wood decay in wood supplies, as it may cause significant losses at the sawmill. The main objective of this project was to quantify and measure the impact of the processes of tree mortality and degradation in the Eastern boreal area of Quebec. Decay and DSW volumes were measured in two chronosequences of time since fire. In order to identify DSW trees in the forest, two systems of visual classification based on tree degradation were used (Hunter 1990 et MRNFQ 2005). Our results showed that wood decay volume measured at the stand level increased during the first 150 years following fire and then stabilized. The volume of DSW showed the opposite trend, with a rapid decrease after fire and followed by a gradual increase from 200 years after fire. The felling of 162 black spruce trees (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) allowed us to compare different characteristics of DSW with those of live trees according to a sawmill study. Our results indicated that the monetary value of trees decreased with increasing state of tree degradation. Results from bending tests performed on 343 pieces showed that lumber pieces from DSW trees are less resistant to rupture than live trees. The moisture contents of wood chips from DSW were significantly lower than those of live trees, while chips size distributions were similar between the two types of wood. The loss of wood fiber at the debarking stage was significantly higher in trees with a more advanced state of tree degradation. In general, our results showed that the old-growth forests of the Eastern boreal forest of Quebec contain a significant proportion of DSW trees, which may represent an adequate source of wood supply if they remain at an early stage of degradation.
Schieb, Thierry. „Facies géotechniques et état de consolidation des sédiments de la pente continentale niçoise (baie des anges)“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL031N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarti, Philippe. „Etude à l'échelle nanométrique par microscopie à haute résolution et spectrométrie de pertes d'énergie d'électrons de codépôts (AIN-Si3N4) sur SiC“. Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30397.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGourdin, Cédric. „Identification et modélisation du comportement électromagnétoélastique de structures ferromagnétiques“. Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066664.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRen, Xiaotao. „Modélisation semi-analytique des pertes par courants de Foucault dans les matériaux composites“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS159/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComposite materials have been widely used in Electrical Engineering, and they have stimulated a growing number of scientific research, especially when it comes to energy savings. Soft Magnetic Composites (SMC) incorporate the attributes of different constituents. They can be designed to exhibit high permeability and to dissipate low Eddy Current (EC) losses compared to more conventional structures such as laminated steel. Nevertheless, electromagnetic properties of SMC are not easily determined. Numerical tools such as finite element method (FEM) are usually employed to provide a full-field description of SMC. As the microstructure has to be finely meshed, it brings significant numerical burden and instabilities. To overcome this restriction, semi-analytical homogenization methods are adapted and applied here. They consist in developing a complex permeability model. In the complex permeability model for SMC, the static magnetic permeability and EC losses are integrated respectively as the real and imaginary part of the complex permeability. Classical estimates are applied to determine the macroscopic effective magnetic permeability. A correct determination of the effective permeability, i.e. the real part of the complex permeability, is crucial for the estimate of EC losses. EC losses formulas are derived for SMC with periodic microstructure in 2D and 3D cases. Furthermore, different approaches of field averaging are employed to obtain lower and upper bounds on the EC losses in SMC. The complex permeability model is then applied to analyze a transformer structure. The magnetic field and EC losses distribution can be obtained on the equivalent homogenized transformer. The results are compared to the full-field calculations on the heterogeneous transformer. A good consistency is observed. Finally, the effect of mechanical stress on the magnetic permeability and loss property of SMC is studied, which leads to a coupled formula of EC loss density as a function of macroscopic stress and magnetic field
Frajer, Gaëlla. „Synthèses, mise en forme et étude des propriétés magnétiques de ferrites (NiZnCuCo)Fe2O4 en fréquence“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe high commutation rate of the wide gap semiconductor (GaN) allows operating with switching frequency above 1MHz in power converters. However, current magnetic materials comprising passive components in power converters cannot sustain the rise in the operating frequency, especially above 1 MHz. The main limitation comes from the sharp increase in power losses creating thermal dissipation inside the magnetic core. The core-losses are due to dynamic magnetization process (including domain wall movement and spin rotation) and they increase with the frequency. (Ni,Zn,Cu)Fe2O4 spinel ferrite is currently the best magnetic material with limited core-losses. The objective of the Ph.D. is to experimentally contribute to the understanding of the link between the microstructure and the static and dynamic magnetic properties.Synthesis process of (Ni,Zn,Cu)Fe2O4 spinel ferrite such as sold-state reaction and Pechini method were studied. The structural and magnetic properties were systematically measured and correlated together. We managed to master the elaboration and produce high density ferrite with controlled grain size (about few µm) and high density (d>92% dth). Results suggest that ferrites synthesized by Pechini method can be considered as an interesting basis for the design of low-loss magnetic components alternatively to the conventional route.The analysis on core-loss showed that the results are compatible with a dissipation mechanism linked to spin damping inside domain walls. It justifies the production of well-densified massive pieces composed of small grains and cobalt to obtain low core-loss for large amplitude excitation (up to 25mT)
Voisin, Christophe. „Mise en forme et élaboration par Spark plasma sintering de nanocéramiques à base de BaTiO3 : étude du processus de recuit, de la diffusion de l'oxygène et obtention de condensateurs céramiques aux propriétés diélectriques optimisées“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2193/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this work is to elaborate barium titanate ceramics capacitors showing colossal relative permittivities and low dielectric losses. BaTiO3 powders with controlled stoichiometry (Ba/Ti ratio), grain size and structure have been synthesized by a coprecipitation reaction followed by a thermal treatment. Two different titanium sources were used, i. E. TiCl3 (Ti3+) and TiOCl2 (Ti4+). BaTiO3-d nanoceramics densified over 98% have been elaborated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). For the first time, the annealing parameters after SPS sintering were studied and optimized in order to obtain materials with optimal electrical properties, i. E. The highest (relative permittivity / dielectric losses) ratio. The most significant result, a colossal relative permittivity of 500 000 associated with dielectric losses of 5% (300 K, 1 kHz), is reached for a BaTiO3-d ceramic containing a titanium excess (Ba/Ti=0. 95) after a reoxidation time of 15 minutes in air followed by quenching. A study of the oxygen diffusion in these nanoceramics was conducted through an 18O2/16O2 isotopic exchange followed by a characterization by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) and showed a surface phenomenon and the grain boundaries blocking effect against oxygen diffusion. Electrical characterizations in temperature and the use of physical dielectric models enabled to identify the polarization mechanisms responsible for the colossal relative permittivities in the nanoceramics and to determine their respective contributions : hopping polarization (65%), interfacial polarization (20%) and electrode polarization (15%)
Trouillet, Alain. „Réalisation de guides optiques plans en polymères non linéaires : application à la modulation électrooptique de plasmons de surface à faibles pertes“. Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET4003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDupont, Préscillia. „Texturisation laser sélective des aciers électriques orientés et non orientés pour l'optimisation de leur perméabilité et des pertes dans les machines électriques tournantes“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AMIE0065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoft ferromagnetic materials, which are often used in the form of laminated sheets, compose rotating electrical machines' stators and rotors. The efficiency of those machines is reduced by losses called "iron losses", induced by magnetization mechanisms and eddy currents. Those magnetization reversal mechanisms can only be explained with the magnetic structure coupled to the material geometry, anisotropy and surface texture, which are also deterministic factors for the final electromagnetic performances. Then, present work aims at proposing tailor-made soft ferromagnetic materials by means of selective laser texturizing for electromagnetic devices such as rotating electrical machines. To apply such a process at an industrial level for grain-oriented and non-grain-oriented materials in electrical machines, it is necessary to better control the associated technology and specify the process in order to optimize electromagnetic properties. Indeed, the deterministic impact of this technic on a material's magnetic structure and its performances (magnetic permeability and iron losses) remains partially modelled and understood. The integration of such solution at the industrial scale must be analyzed and optimized regarding technical and economical constraints. In this work, the study of the impact of laser surface texturizing on magnetic structure (regarding surface and volume) of a material with the aim to control it is performed. Future industrialization requires to adapt the pulsed laser processes at a higher speed which has been theoretically studied, initiated and experimentally verified. To finish, present work performed in parallel with the H2020 European project ESSIAL will allow to propose different surface treatments adapted to rotating machines to adjust some quantifiable electromagnetic properties with the help of both experimental and theoretical tools
Marbouh, Othmane. „Capteurs à ondes acoustiques de surface pour la caractérisation multiphysique des propriétés des tôles ferromagnétiques dans les machines électriques de fortes puissances“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CLIL0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHigh-power electrical machines are subjected to severe mechanical, thermal, and magnetic stresses during operation. To ensure their reliability and continuous operation, it is crucial to have real-time information on these constraints, often at a local scale. Wireless and battery-free sensor technologies, combined with effective data analysis and signal processing techniques, are essential to meet this need. Surface acoustic waves (SAW) allow the design of wireless and completely passive sensors capable of measuring various physical quantities such as temperature, mechanical stress, and magnetic fields, thanks to advanced design engineering. The work carried out in this thesis has enabled the development of multi-quantity SAW sensors for measuring deformations, temperature, and magnetic fields. These sensors were first calibrated on laboratory test benches and then used to characterize the mechanical properties, such as magnetostriction, and magnetic properties, such as magnetic losses, of ferromagnetic sheets used in the design of high-power electrical machines. Characterizing the properties of ferromagnetic sheets is crucial for several reasons: designing efficient electromagnetic systems, minimizing vibrations and unwanted noise, controlling energy dissipation, preventing material fatigue, optimizing component design for energy efficiency, and developing heat-resistant components for reliability and durability. The thesis project involves JEUMONT Electric (a high-tech company specializing in energy conversion solutions), the AIMAN-FILMS group from IEMN, and the Numerical Tools and Methods team from L2EP. Each partner brings specific expertise to address the multi-physical instrumentation of high-power electrical machines
Viguier, Joffrey. „Classement mécanique des bois de structure. Prise en compte des singularités dans la modélisation du comportement mécanique“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0142/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe methods described in Eurocode 5 must be applied to the calculation of timber structures. The application of these methods requires prescribers to use wood whose mechanical properties are guaranteed. To assign a board to a class, three properties must be guaranteed: the density, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and bending strength (MOR). The determination of the density and MOE is already mastered; the remaining technological obstacle concerns the prediction of MOR. The possibility to improve the prediction by measuring singularities (knot or slope of grain) or keeping the traceability of forest data has been investigated. Strength grading is governed by standards and the predictions quality of mechanical properties is not sufficient to evaluate the grading efficiency. Therefore the efficiency between different technologies has been compared on species with high harvest potential in France (Douglas fir, spruce and oak). The problems encountered when glulam beams are split have been analyzed. Particularly, the strength loss caused by the splitting process has been detailed and compared to the normative recommendations
Nesser, Manar. „Influence of laser treatment with long, short, or ultra-short pulse duration on the magnetic properties and the domain structure of grain-oriented Iron-Silicon steels“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePulsed laser technology is one of the productive solutions adopted to optimize the electromagnetic properties of certain electrical steels. However, its industrial application on different alloys, thicknesses, or applications remains restricted. Moreover, the deterministic impact of this technique on the magnetic structure of a material and its performance requires deep investigation. Further, the ultra-short pulsed laser ablation technique remains unfamiliar for electrical steels although it represents a vital potential in terms of a repeatable process that withstands high temperatures. The main intention of the thesis is to study the influence of surface laser treatments on the magnetic properties of grain-oriented silicon iron electrical steels in order to improve their performance. A classification of the different laser processes is proposed according to the pulse duration, repetition frequency, power, and laser fluence. Accordingly, three types of treatments are selected: irradiation, scribing, and ablation, with a particular emphasis on the ablation process. Remarkably, the principal criterion analyzed was the energy conversion efficiency (i.e. especially iron losses). On that account, the impact of these laser processes is studied using dynamic magnetization and loss models, identified by magnetic measurements with an SST "Single Sheet Tester" bench. Then, an optimization of the laser ablation parameters is carried out to ensure a reduction in iron losses of around 20% while maintaining the apparent permeability at certain operating points (medium and high inductions at 50 Hz and low inductions up to 5000 Hz). An additional study on two different grades of FeSi GO (conventional 0.23 mm and HiB 0.28 mm) permitted the adaptation of the laser parameters and patterns with the material thickness. Spectacularly, the ablation process has shown more resistance to a higher temperature than other processes. Furthermore, a correlation between the optical energy parameters (pulse energy, cumulative energy density, and peak power density), the patterns and laser impacts (groove depth, heat affected zone, induced thermal stress), and the identified magnetic parameters (Bertotti coefficients; Lambda model parameters) is presented. This study reveals some physical interpretations.Besides, the effect of surface laser treatments on the magnetic domain structure has been analyzed. We visualized the changes in magnetic domains with Magneto-optical images using the MOIF technique (Magneto-Optical Indicator Film) for an overview of the domains between the laser lines with a resolution of about 20 µm. Following this, more precise observations with a horizontal resolution of the order of 100 nm were performed using the Magnetic Force Microscope (MFM), which shows the structural details in the vicinity and in the laser tracing line. To conclude, an optimization of the laser ablation parameters is accomplished ensuring an iron loss reduction at 50 Hz with more than 30% for an induction 0.5 T, and a percentage of 15% for an induction above 1.5 T. At higher frequencies and for 0.1 T, the reduction percentage can exceed the 30%. Concurrently, the apparent permeability can either be enhanced below 1.2 T (saturation inclination) or slightly reduced between 1.2 T and saturation. Anyhow, the polarization J800 > 1.70 T (conventional GO) and J800 > 1.80 T (GO HiB) under a magnetic field of 800 A/m will be guaranteed after laser treatment
Maalouf, Azar. „Contribution à l'étude des procédés de réalisation de circuits intégrés optiques en matériaux polymères“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00456179.
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