Bücher: „PERSONAL PREDICTORS“

1

Margitics, Ferenc. Personal strivings as a predictor of emotional intelligence. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publisher, 2009.

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2

Margitics, Ferenc. Personal strivings as a predictor of emotional intelligence. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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3

Margitics, Ferenc. Personal strivings as a predictor of emotional intelligence. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publisher, 2009.

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4

Duffy, Colman. Variation in sporting self-construal; personal construct theory and the accuracy of predictions. [s.l: The Author], 1995.

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5

Halkjelsvik, Torleif. Time Predictions: Understanding and Avoiding Unrealism in Project Planning and Everyday Life. Cham: Springer Nature, 2018.

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6

Stevenson, Joanne Sabol. Determining the discriminatory value of selected personal variables as predictors of specialty choice in nursing. 1987.

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7

Brendel, Douglas D. The Scottsdale Prophecies: Seven Predictions for Your Personal Future. iUniverse, 2003.

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8

Whittal, Maureen L., und Melisa Robichaud. Cognitive Treatment for OCD. Herausgegeben von Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0076.

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The cornerstone of cognitive treatment (CT) for OCD is based upon the knowledge that unwanted intrusions are essentially a universal experience. As such, it is not the presence of the intrusion that is problematic but rather the associated meaning or interpretation. Treatment is flexible, depending upon the nature of the appraisals and beliefs, but can include strategies focused on inflated responsibility and overestimation of threat, importance and control of thoughts, and the need for perfectionism and certainty. The role of concealment and the relationship to personal values are important maintaining and etiological factors. The short-term and long-term treatment outcome is reviewed, along with predictors of treatment response and mechanisms of action, and the chapter concludes with future directions regarding CT for OCD.

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9

Cherkasova, Mariya V., Gabrielle Weiss und Lily Hechtman. Adolescent and Adult Outcomes of Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190213589.003.0002.

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The Montreal study was the first to conduct a long-term follow-up for children with ADHD into adolescence and adulthood. Contrary to the conventional belief at the time, the study found that the children did not generally outgrow ADHD as they entered adolescence. Many continued to have symptoms of the disorder and to show functional impairments, such as academic underachievement, employment instability, antisocial behavior, and increased rates of psychiatric comorbidity. Outcomes in adulthood fell into three general categories: (1) ~30% had fairly normal functioning; (2) ~60% had continuing problems with ADHD symptoms, as well as work, family, interpersonal, social, and emotional difficulties; (3) ~10% had serious psychiatric and antisocial pathology, problematic substance use, and criminality. Outcome predictors were identified, including personal characteristics (e.g., symptom severity, IQ), family characteristics (e.g., parenting styles), and social context (e.g., peer relationships).

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10

Haq, Khadija, Hrsg. Personal Reflections on the World of the 1990s. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474684.003.0015.

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In this chapter Haq at the start of the decade of the eighties, sets out to predict the world economic order for the next decade of the nineties. Haq was convinced that in the decade of the 1990s the world will experience structural changes. This will be due to a major shift in the balance of power in favour of the Third World—demographically, socially and politically. Some of his specific predictions include: a historical adjustment in the patterns of economic growth in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries to much lower levels, growing pressure for fundamental reforms in the international monetary system, and formal entrance of socialist bloc into the global economic and monetary system. It would be an interesting exercise for the reader to compare Haq’s predictions for the nineties to the actual world economic order that emerged in the decade.

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11

Thöni, Christian. Trust and Cooperation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630782.003.0009.

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Most of the empirical research on the role of trust as a determinant for economic prosperity relies on survey measured indicators for trust. In this chapter I discuss a number of studies providing micro-foundations of the link between survey measured trust and cooperative behavior in controlled experiments. The results suggest that the most frequently used survey item on trust correlates with a preference for making the trusting move. In contrast, a survey item on fairness is a strong predictor for a person's expectations about the other's trustworthiness. Applied to a cross-cultural perspective I discuss the radius of trust problem and investigate the role of in-group and out-group trust. In a repeated public goods game I find that out-group trust predicts cooperation in the first round of the game, whereas towards the end of the game in-group trust seems to gain importance.

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12

Reinardy, James Robert. PERSONAL CONTROL IN THE DECISION TO ENTER A NURSING HOME AS A PREDICTOR OF POSTADMISSION WELL-BEING. 1991.

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13

Lucas, Richard. Subjective Well-Being in Psychology. Herausgegeben von Matthew D. Adler und Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.13.

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Within psychology, subjective well-being refers to a person’s overall evaluation of the quality of life from his or her own perspective. Traditionally, psychologists have focused on three specific components of subjective well-being: life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect, though disagreements exist about precisely how these components should be best measured. Psychological research shows that intuitively appealing predictors of SWB, such as income and health, are typically only weakly correlated with SWB, whereas personality predictors tend to be stronger. This chapter reviews basic psychological research on SWB, addresses questions about the conceptualization and measurement of the construct, and discusses recent attempts to clarify the associations among the various components that are typically studied.

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van Dulmen, Manfred H. M., und Haylee DeLuca. Former Foster Care Youth and Resilient Functioning in Young Adulthood. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190260637.003.0043.

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This chapter focuses on former foster care youth and resilient functioning in young adulthood, particularly predictors of success and future directions. The chapter reviews the literature on predictors of (a) work and educational competence, (b) competence in close relationships, and (c) self-competence. The chapter reviews empirical evidence for success components related to pre-placement, placement, individual, and contextual factors. The chapter concludes with five recommendations for future research: (1) strength-based developmental assessments of competence and resilience, (2) identification of factors that differentiate predicting specific areas of competence/resiliency, (3) continued theoretically informed work that is guided by developmental science, (4) studies guided by person-centered frameworks and analyses, and (5) studies that identify modifiable placement factors that predict successful outcomes among former foster care youth.

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15

Universe Cards: Personal Predictions Taking You on a Voyage of Discovery to Unlock the Mysteries of the Universe. Element Books Ltd., 2001.

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16

Stopforth, Kay. Universe Cards: Personal Predictions Taking You on a Voyage of Discovery to Unlock the Mysteries of the Universe. Element Books Ltd., 2001.

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17

Su, Rong, und Christopher D. Nye. Interests and Person–Environment Fit. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199373222.003.0008.

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The search for “noncognitive” skills essential for workforce readiness has largely overlooked one important individual difference domain: interests. This chapter reviews evidence for the relationship between interests and job performance, career success, and academic achievement. It also discusses two mechanisms through which interests can predict a range of educational and work outcomes. First, interests serve as a source of intrinsic motivation that drives the direction, effort, and persistence of human behaviors. Specifically, interests contribute to learning and the acquisition of job knowledge, which are direct determinants of academic and job performance. Second, interests capture the relationship, or the fit, between a person and an environment. The degree of person–environment fit in terms of interests, or interest congruence, predicts academic and work outcomes above and beyond individual interest scores alone. In closing, the chapter discusses the implications of using interest assessments for educational and career guidance and for personnel selection.

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18

Bárány, András. Person, Case, and Agreement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804185.001.0001.

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This monograph discusses the interaction of person features, case-marking, and agreement across languages, and models the variation using parameters and parameter hierarchies. In both inverse agreement and global case splits, the subject and the object determine the form of the verb or case-marking on its arguments together. After proposing a detailed, novel analysis of differential object marking in Hungarian, it is shown that similar agreement alternations and case splits in other languages can be analysed in a uniform way since they both rely on person. Languages differ in the way they grammaticalize person, however, explaining why in some languages definiteness determines agreement and case-marking, while in others animacy does. In this book, both types are analysed as interactions of hierarchically organized person features and the verb. The approach to person features adopted here captures effects of so-called person or animacy hierarchies in syntax by treating different persons as sets of features with different cardinalities, ordered by subset/superset relations. The author relates this analysis to the interaction of Case and agreement, implements existing generalizations about the alignment of case and agreement and discusses a new one: the analysis predicts exactly the attested types of case and agreement alignment in ditransitive constructions, and rules out an unattested one. The book presents data from eight different language families.

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19

Halkjelsvik, Torleif, und Magne Jørgensen. Time Predictions: Understanding and Avoiding Unrealism in Project Planning and Everyday Life. Springer, 2018.

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20

Graves, Laura M., und Gary N. Powell. Sex and Race Discrimination in Personnel Decisions. Herausgegeben von Susan Cartwright und Cary L. Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199234738.003.0019.

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This article focuses on the role of personnel decision-making processes within organizations in perpetuating the disadvantaged status of women and people of color. Personnel decisions, which include judgments about who to hire, promote, and develop, and what to pay them, determine whether women and people of color have access to jobs, financial rewards, and advancement opportunities. Social scientists have offered numerous theoretical explanations for sex and race discrimination. This article reviews the key explanations and discusses how they apply to organizational personnel decisions, citing relevant research findings. It then attempts to make sense of the multiplicity of theories, identifying similarities and contradictions in their arguments and the predictions that follow from them. The article also considers the role of organizational factors in the occurrence of sex and race discrimination. Finally, it concludes by offering implications for research and practice.

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21

Wyngaerd, Guido Vanden. The Feature Structure of Pronouns. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876746.003.0011.

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This paper examines multidimensional paradigms, i.e. paradigms involving more than one feature dimension. I examine the concrete case of pronominal paradigms, which involve (at least) the dimensions of person and number. The problem that arises in such paradigms is that syncretisms may be observed in each dimension, i.e. they may occur both vertically (cross-person) and horizontally (cross-number). While classical nanosyntax embodies a theory of syncretism that can account for one dimension, it requires an extension to account for syncretisms in the other dimension(s). I discuss two such extensions, one making use of pointers, and another in terms of a revision of the Superset Principle. I show that both approaches make subtly different empirical predictions.

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22

Schmitt, Neal. Combining Cognitive and Noncognitive Measures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199373222.003.0012.

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The use of noncognitive measures enhances the prediction of various individual outcomes. Although structured measures of noncognitive constructs are routinely used in employee selection, they are rarely used to predict college student success. Situational judgment, biodata measures, and other methods of measurement address constructs that add to the prediction of grade point average and are major correlates of other student outcomes. Employers and college administrators indicate that outcomes other than task performance and grades are important. Because noncognitive attributes are the best predictors of these alternative outcomes, it seems they should be included in the set of criteria used by college admissions personnel. Several issues should be addressed if noncognitive measures are used more frequently, including the possibility of their use in other ways than for selection only, the minimizing of the influence of faking, and the reaction of various constituencies to their use in college admissions decisions.

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23

1951-, Rehle Thomas, Human Sciences Research Council, South African Medical Research Council. und Education Labour Relations Council (South Africa), Hrsg. HIV-positive educators in South African public schools: Predictions for prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy. Cape Town: HSRC Press, 2005.

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24

1951-, Rehle Thomas, Human Sciences Research Council, South African Medical Research Council. und Education Labour Relations Council (South Africa), Hrsg. HIV-positive educators in South African public schools: Predictions for prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy. Cape Town: HSRC Press, 2005.

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25

ter Haar, Barend J. The Educated Deity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803645.003.0007.

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During the sixteenth century, the educated elite developed their own beliefs about Lord Guan, with very distinct stories and expectations that were not necessarily shared by the non-literate community. As literacy increased during the Qing period, these beliefs and associated practices then also spread to a larger segment of the population, especially during the nineteenth century. From being a deity who primarily operated through his violent martial actions, appearing in dreams and visions, he acquired a new dimension in which he communicated with his literate audience through writing. He assisted his devotees with a more personal kind of help, still appearing in real life, dreams, and visions, but now also providing counsel by means of prognostication and spirit writing. The deity’s predictions were often enigmatic and became clear only after the unfolding of events, serving as a confirmation of what had happened rather than a very clear guide.

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Mouton, Angela R., und Monica N. Montijo. Hope and Work. Herausgegeben von Matthew W. Gallagher und Shane J. Lopez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399314.013.30.

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The world has an employee engagement crisis. Low employee engagement has a detrimental impact not only on employee performance and well-being but also on organizational outcomes, including revenue and profitability. This chapter sets out the argument that a key predictor of employee engagement (and therefore performance and well-being) is hope. The relationship between these variables is unpacked from a theoretical and empirical perspective. While the literature has tended to focus on the agency and pathways components of hope theory, this chapter argues that much more attention should given to the fact that hope rests on the pursuit of positively valenced, personally valued, meaningful goals. The chapter offers suggestions on how organizations and employees might amplify hope, engagement, and positive outcomes in the workplace by focusing on goals that matter not only to the organization but to employees also.

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27

Freitag, Lisa. Defining Extreme Caregiving. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491789.003.0002.

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To emphasize the complexity and difficulty of parenting a child with special needs, this chapter introduces and defines the term “extreme caregiving.” Extreme caregiving involves the taking on of professional medical roles by a nonprofessional parent. It differs from both ordinary parenting and professional caregiving in that it is done in the home, often without respite or foreseeable endpoint. Unlike professional caregiving, it involves an intense personal relationship between parent and child. The need for extreme caregiving extends through multiple pediatric syndromes and disabling conditions, including intellectual disabilities and autism, dependence on home medical technology, and NICU survivors with chronic medical needs. There are few reliable statistics for the number of families performing this type of care, so this chapter also correlates various sources, in an attempt to enumerate them, and provides analysis that predicts that the numbers will continue to increase despite medical progress.

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28

Batson, C. Daniel. The Prime Suspect. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0004.

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In Chapter 3, we found that the empathy–altruism hypothesis and the remove-empathy hypothesis (the prime egoistic suspect) make distinct predictions in an Ease-of-Escape (easy, difficult) × Empathic-Concern (low, high) 2 × 2 experimental design. This chapter describes four different experiments that employed this design. Results of none patterned as predicted by the remove-empathy hypothesis. Instead, the results consistently patterned as predicted by the empathy–altruism hypothesis. Apparently, the motivation produced by empathic concern is not directed toward the ultimate goal of removing the empathic concern itself. Some other self-benefit must be the ultimate goal of the increased helping produced by feeling empathy for a person in need.

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29

Gandy Jr., Oscar H. The Panoptic Sort. 2. Aufl. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579411.001.0001.

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The Panoptic Sort was published in 1993. Its focus was on privacy and surveillance. But unlike the majority of publications addressing these topics in the United States at the time that were focused on the privacy concerns of individuals, especially those related to threats associated with government surveillance, that book sought to direct the public toward the activities of commercial firms. The Panoptic Sort was intended to help us all to understand just what was at stake when the bureaucracies of government and commerce gathered, processed, and made use of an almost unlimited amount of personal and transaction-generated information to manage social, economic, and political activities within society. While the first edition provided numerous examples from marketing, employment, insurance, credit management, and the provision of government and social services, the second edition extends descriptions of the technologies that have been developed and incorporated into the panoptic sort in the nearly thirty years since its initial publication. Assessments of the implications for democracy that many associate with the possibility of an algorithmic Leviathan, invite a reconsideration of Jacques Ellul’s distressing predictions about the future that ended the first edition of The Panoptic Sort.

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30

Whitmeyer, Joseph M. How Evolutionary Psychology Can Contribute to Group Process Research. Herausgegeben von Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.9.

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Conceptions of the human individual lie at the heart of all group process theories. Applying evolutionary reasoning—reasoning concerning what predispositions are likely to have evolved—to those conceptions can make the conceptions more accurate and thus improve theories based on them. This chapter discusses exchange processes, identity processes, and status processes. For exchange processes, evolutionary reasoning suggests numerous predispositions that would affect exchange, many to cope with the problem of cheating by others and ourselves. In fact, evolutionary reasoning suggests that concerns with our own identity may exist principally to improve our exchange outcomes. Concerning status processes, evolutionary reasoning suggests that awarding prestige must have evolved in the context of exchange, such that the person receiving prestige also incurs performance obligations. These points and others lead to several suggestions of areas for future research and specific predictions.

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31

Godwin, William. An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice. Herausgegeben von Mark Philp. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199642625.001.0001.

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‘To a rational being there can be but one rule of conduct, justice, and one mode of ascertaining that rule, the exercise of his understanding.’ Godwin’s Political Justice is the founding text of philosophical anarchism. Written in the immediate aftermath of the French Revolution, it exemplifies the political optimism felt by many writers and intellectuals. Godwin drew on enlightenment ideas and his background in religious dissent for the principles of justice, utility, and the sanctity of individual judgement that drove his powerful critique of all forms of secular and religious authority. He predicts the triumph of justice and equality over injustice, and of mind over matter, and the eventual vanquishing of human frailty and mortality. He also foresees the gradual elimination of practices governing property, punishment, law, and marriage and the displacement of politics by an expanded personal morality resulting from reasoned argument and candid discussion. Political Justice raises deep philosophical questions about the nature of our duty to others that remain central to modern debates on ethics and politics. This edition reprints the first-edition text of 1793, and examines Godwin’s evolving philosophy in the context of his life and work.

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32

Doherty, Michael, Johannes Bijlsma, Nigel Arden, David J. Hunter und Nicola Dalbeth. Introduction: the comprehensive approach. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0020.

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This introductory chapter to the section on management of osteoarthritis (OA) emphasizes the need for a full assessment of the patient, not just in terms of joint symptoms and examination findings but a full holistic assessment of the person, including the impact of OA on their life, their illness perceptions of OA, and the presence of comorbidities. An individualized package of care can then be developed. Patients should be fully informed about OA and fully involved in all management decisions. Apart from education, which is an ongoing not one-off process, other core treatments to be considered in every person with OA are exercise (both strengthening and aerobic) and strategies to reduce adverse mechanical factors, including weight loss if overweight or obese. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the safest analgesic drug to try first for peripheral joint OA. Other treatments can be selected as required from a wide range of drug and non-pharmacological options, to address the needs of the individual. The patient requires regular follow-up for reassessment and re-adjustment of management as required. Currently there are sparse data on predictors of response to treatment, limiting a stratified medicine approach. Caveats to the research evidence for OA and its transition to clinical practice are discussed, and one way of improving this (reporting overall treatment effect and the proportion attributable to placebo in clinical trials) is presented. Optimizing contextual effects, which are an integral part of any treatment and which may explain the majority of improvement that a patient experiences for their OA, is emphasized as a key aspect of care.

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Garcia, Julie A., Diana T. Sanchez und Margaret Shih. Contextual and Cultural Factors Influencing Malleable Racial Identity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199348541.003.0016.

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Recent research indicates that people from multiracial backgrounds may have more malleable racial identification than those with monoracial backgrounds. For multiracial individuals, context may play an important role in racial self-identification. An Asian/White biracial person, for example, might identify more as Asian when around other Asian people or when speaking an Asian language. Also, over one’s lifetime, multiracial people are more likely to change their racial identification than keep it constant. But how do these fluctuations in racial self-definition affect psychological well-being? This chapter discusses how individual difference variables, namely dialectical self-views, moderate the effect of racial identity fluctuation on psychological well-being. In particular, it discusses how malleable racial identification predicts lower psychological well-being only for those with less dialectical-self views (i.e., little tolerance for change and inconsistency).

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34

Bernat, James L. Brain death and the definition of death. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786832.003.0018.

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The idea that a person is dead when brain functions have ceased irreversibly is one of the oldest and most enduring debates in neuroethics. This chapter traces the history of brain death by explaining the technological, medical, and societal factors stimulating its origin and acceptance; discusses its medical, legal, religious, and social recognition; highlights a few of its controversies; examines a recent commission report; and discusses two highly publicized cases that have reignited debates. Next, it provides the conceptual basis for brain death by analyzing the definition and criterion of death and offers an analytic framework for a biophilosophical account of death that justifies the practice of brain death, pinpoints the areas of contention, and compares competing concepts of death. It concludes with thoughts about brain death as a contemporary neuroethical issue, and predicts the future landscape of the debate over brain death and the definition of death.

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35

Cruickshank, Steven. Mathematical models and anaesthesia. Herausgegeben von Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0027.

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The use of mathematics in medicine is not as widespread as it might be. While professional engineers are instructed in a wide variety of mathematical techniques during their training in preparation for their daily practice, tradition and the demands of other subjects mean that doctors give little attention to numerical matters in their education. A smattering of statistical concepts is typically the main mathematical field that we apply to medicine. The concept of the mathematical model is important and indeed familiar; personal finance, route planning, home decorating, and domestic projects all require the application of the basic mathematical tools we acquire at school. This utility is why we learn them. The insight that can be gained by applying mathematics to physiological and other problems within medical practice is, however, underexploited. The undoubted complexity of human biology and pathology perhaps leads us to give up too soon. There are useful and practical lessons that can be learned from the use of elementary mathematics in medicine. Anaesthetic training in particular lends itself to such learning with its emphasis on physics and clinical measurement. Much can be achieved with simple linear functions and hyperbolas. Further exploration into exponential and sinusoidal functions, although a little more challenging, is well within our scope and enables us to cope with many time-dependent and oscillatory phenomena that are important in clinical anaesthetic practice. Some fundamental physiological relationships are explained in this chapter using elementary mathematical functions. Building further on the foundation of simple models to cope with more complexity enables us to see the process, examine the predictions, and, most importantly, assess the plausibility of these models in practice. Understanding the structure of the model enables intelligent interpretation of its output. Some may be inspired to investigate some of the mathematical concepts and their applications further. The rewards can be intellectually, aesthetically, and practically fruitful. The subtle, revelatory, and quite beautiful connection between exponential and trigonometric functions through the concept of complex numbers is one example. That this connection has widespread practical importance too is most pleasing.

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Bücher zum Thema „PERSONAL PREDICTORS“

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