Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Perpetual league“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Perpetual league"
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Archibugi, Daniele. „Models of international organization in perpetual peace projects“. Review of International Studies 18, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1992): 295–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021050011890x.
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Perpetual peace projects constitute a largely undervalued intellectual tradition that has attracted many polemical arrows. One of the most frequent criticisms levelled at the projects is that their authors too often abandon themselves to utopianism. Yet this tradition has proved to be much more influential than is generally recognized: contemporary international organizations, from the League of Nations to the United Nations, from the European Parliament to the International Court of Justice, were sketched out, if only in embryonic form, in these perpetual peace projects. Yet it is rare to find their authors numbered among the founders of internationalist theory.
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Crawford, Neta C. „A security regime among democracies: cooperation among Iroquois nations“. International Organization 48, Nr. 3 (1994): 345–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081830002823x.
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In precolonial and colonial North America five Iroquois nations, which previously had fought for generations, stopped wars among themselves and lived in peace for about 325 years. This history raises several questions: why did the Iroquois nations stop fighting each other; did the fact that each nation was a democracy have anything to do with the end of war among them; and what are the lessons of this peace for international relations scholars? A security regime formed by the Iroquois in 1450, known as the Iroquois League, accounts for the peace. Comparing the Iroquois League with the Concert of Europe indicates an important role for norms and institutionalization in ameliorating the security dilemma. Further, the five democratic nations that formed the Iroquois League exemplify Immanuel Kant's idea of a system for “perpetual peace.” Finally, the history of the Iroquois League challenges realist claims of cross-cultural and timeless validity.
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Kananen, Marko. „”Pääasia on, että olemme olemassa”“. Lähikuva – audiovisuaalisen kulttuurin tieteellinen julkaisu 36, Nr. 3-4 (09.01.2024): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23994/lk.142492.
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Englantilaisen seurajalkapalloilun seuraamisella on Suomessa pitkät ja vahvat perinteet. Taustalla on niin brittifutiksen ympärille sotien jälkeen rakentunut Vakioveikkaus kuin myös median merkittävä rooli englantilaisen jalkapallon sanansaattajana. Vaikka vedonlyönti- ja mediamarkkinat ovatkin muuttuneet, brittifutis on säilyttänyt asemansa niin suomalaisten jalkapallofanien kuin urheilumedian suosiossa.Yksi brittifutista käsittelevien mediatekstien erikoisuus Suomessa on urheilulehtien säännöllisesti julkaisemat Englannin alasarjajoukkueiden ja niiden kannattajien arkea kuvaavat jutut. Jalkapallo- ja mediamaailman muutoksista huolimatta näiden juttujen rakenne ja tyylilaji ovat säilyneet vuosien kuluessa hämmästyttävän samankaltaisina. Tässä artikkelissa analysoidaan narratiivisella tutkimusotteella yhteensä 64 Urheilulehdessä julkaistua alasarjajoukkuetta käsittelevää tekstiä.Analyysin tulokset osoittavat, että alasarjajoukkueen arjesta kertovissa jutuissa pelikentillä saavutettavien voittojen sijaan kamppailua käydään paikallisen elämäntavan ja yhteisön arjen säilymisen puolesta. Tarinaa on mahdollista tulkita vastanarratiivina suhteessa niin tulosten ja voittojen kyllästämään urheilujournalismiin kuin myös globaalin urheilubisneksen tavoittelemaan jatkuvaan kasvuun.Avainsanat: englantilainen jalkapallo, alasarjat, kannattajuus, urheilumedia, narratiivit“The Main Thing is That We Exist” – Urheilulehti´s Decade in the Lower Leagues of English FootballEngaging with English club football has deep roots in Finland, dating back to the post-war era and coinciding with the growing betting industry and media exposure. Despite shifts in betting and media markets, British football has sustained its popularity among Finnish football enthusiasts and within the sports media.One of the specialties of the media texts dealing with British football in Finland is the regularly published articles describing the everyday life of English lower league teams and their supporters. The structure and style of these stories have remained remarkably similar over the years. In this article, a total of 64 texts about lower league teams published in Urheilulehti are analyzed using narrative research.The findings reveal a narrative focus on the preservation of local lifestyles and community everydayness rather than triumphs on the playing field. This narrative can be interpreted as a counter-narrative, diverging from the result-centric sports journalism and the perpetual expansion pursued by the global sports industry. Keywords: British football, lower league teams, supporters, sports media, narratives
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Kleingeld, Pauline. „Approaching Perpetual Peace: Kant's Defence of a League of States and his Ideal of a World Federation“. European Journal of Philosophy 12, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2004): 304–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0966-8373.2004.00212.x.
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Hurrell, Andrew. „Kant and the Kantian paradigm in international relations“. Review of International Studies 16, Nr. 3 (Juli 1990): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021050011246x.
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Although few in number and limited in scope, Kant's writings on international relations have had a lasting influence and have given rise to a wide range of interpretations. Kant's famous pamphlet, Perpetual Peace, has been seen as advocating federalism, world government, a League of Nations-type security system and outright pacifism. Underlying much of the debate on Kant lies a divergence over the relationship between what might broadly be called the ‘statist’ and the ‘cosmopolitan’ sides of Kant's writings. On one side, there are those who argue that Kant is primarily concerned with order at the level of interstate relations. Kant, it is argued, did not want to transcend the state system but to improve it. He wanted to subject the international anarchy to law and to find a solution to the problem of war but in a way which would not sacrifice the essential autonomy and independence of states.
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MERTENS, THOMAS. „Defending the Rawlsian League of Peoples: A Critical Comment on Tan“. Leiden Journal of International Law 18, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2005): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156505002979.
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In his well-written and well-argued paper ‘International Toleration: Rawlsian versus Cosmopolitan’, Kok-Chor Tan raises the important question as to where the limits of toleration are to be drawn. This is an important issue not only from the perspective of international law, but also for any domestic society. Toleration is never an automatic element or quality of any society, but has to be defended against the ever present danger of intolerance and repression. This is especially the case in the post-9/II era with regard to Islam, as it is not always easy to separate serious analysis of this religion from outright prejudices against its believers. With regard to Islamic minorities, the present attitude of some ‘Western’ majorities does not always reflect an attitude of respect, although this is not often admitted. It is not argued that Islamic minorities and other immigrants should adapt to the culture of the majorities because minorities have to give in to majorities on the basis of democracy; instead, it is claimed that Western majorities live in accordance with universal values. As Western societies have incorporated universal values formulated for the first time in the age of Enlightenment, they can rightly require from immigrants and minorities that they give up part of their values and identities without any real loss on their side. In forcing immigrants to adapt to Western values, majorities are merely liberating them from outdated particularistic codes and worldviews, thus enabling them to be free in accordance with truly universal values. This, obviously, is a peculiar way of understanding the Enlightenment, not with Kant as a perpetual challenge (‘we do not live in an enlightened age, but in an age of enlightenment’), but as something that is achieved and stably embodied in ‘our’ Western societies. Immigrants and minority members can reasonably be asked to identify with such societies. Although such a demand to assimilate might at first glance be seen as testifying to intolerance, in reality this is not the case. Why should we allow others to live in error? In the face of truth, toleration is a superfluous virtue. It goes almost without saying that this view, which is deemed by some as Enlightenment fundamentalism, contradicts the spirit with which Locke and Spinoza in the seventeenth century proclaimed the superior value of tolerance. They argued that all religions claim for themselves to be the one and only true religion and that the best attitude among the contenders of different beliefs would be one of tolerance: nobody can prove convincingly to the other side of the religious divide the truth of his own religion and the falseness of all other religions; and since ‘no man can conform his faith to the dictates of another (since) all the life and the power of true religion consists in the inward and full persuasion of the mind’ (Locke), the use of earthly powers is inappropriate and unjust.
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Rizwan, Muhammad, Manzoor Ahmed und Saima Gul. „Ideology and Politics of Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam (1947-1973)“. Global Social Sciences Review III, Nr. I (30.03.2018): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(iii-i).03.
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Khilafat Movement provided an opportunity to the Ulema of sub-continent to take part in active politics, however, Anjuman-i-Khuddam-i-Kaaba which was the first ever organized confrontation with the British raj. It eventually resulted in the formation of Jamiat Ulema-i-Hind (JUH). Although Majlis-iAhrar-i-Islam, emerged as an effective instrument of Deobandi activism yet it denounced the creation of an independent Muslim state. Majority of Ulema believed that with the demise of British regime in India, the Muslims being a strong minority, could not be impoverished, therefore, JUH worked closely with the Congress. Interestingly, the history of the Ulema has been one of their perpetual conflicts with intelligentsia and the creation of Pakistan by the moderate leadership was a great setback for the “nationalist” Ulema. However, they failed to create a political constituency and continued to tag along with the Muslim League. Yet, JUI time and again denounced socialism and advocated the Islamic system for Pakistan. After 1970 Elections, both NAP and JUI emerged as majority parties in NWFP and Baluchistan. During the study, it will be analyzed that how JUI, a conservative Islamic party could form an alliance with NAP that had won the elections on the basis of secular ideas.
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Mallat, Chibli. „The Limits of Authoritarian International Law“. AJIL Unbound 114 (2020): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2020.48.
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Tom Ginsburg's concept of “authoritarian international law” (AIL) is as important as the one it references, Thomas Franck's “right to democratic governance.” It underlines how the promise carried by Franck was betrayed in the bitter turn of history that ended the emerging hope for democracy ruling all nations in the world after 1989. This hope had developed by fits and starts as the slow fulfilment of the Kantian project for “perpetual peace” amongst a world federation of democratic republics on which the League of Nations and the United Nations were built. To the now-universal acknowledgment of the grave domestic setbacks to human rights and democracy, Ginsburg's article adds an account of the international setbacks which followed. Its chief importance is in raising the question of the emergent authoritarian traits of international law in the wake of these setbacks. With my appreciation of Ginsburg's formidable treatment, including a title that will mark, like Franck's, an important moment in the field, I will challenge some of his conclusions and offer counterpoints in the present essay. In particular, I will (1) suggest the irrelevance of the three “evils of AIL”; (2) highlight the significance of 2006 as the date when AIL started rising; (3) emphasize the importance of U.S. isolationism in the rise of AIL; and (4) argue that the better investment to counter that rise is in nonviolence.
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Notari, Márcio Bonini. „O DIREITO DE HOSPITALIDADE UNIVERSAL E O COLONIALISMO NO PENSAMENTO DE KANT“. Alamedas 8, Nr. 1 (14.08.2020): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/ra.v8i1.24085.
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RESUMONa segunda seção, Kant menciona: “Os artigos definitivos para a paz perpétua entre os Estados são três: o primeiro, a Constituição civil em cada Estado deve ser republicana. A constituição de um Estado preocupado com a liberdade das pessoas, enquanto componentes de uma sociedade, da sua dependência a uma legislação comum e da sua igualdade como cidadãos. O direito das gentes deve ser fundado sobre um federalismo de Estados livres. Para garantir um estado de paz, Kant sugere a formação de uma união entre os povos, que não seria o mesmo que um Estado congregando povos, pois cada um tem e deve conservar a sua individualidade e o terceiro, o direito cosmopolita deve ser limitado às condições da hospitalidade universal. Essa ultima concepção, Kant no final do século XVII, já falava do “direito da posse comunitária da superfície da Terra”, e que, em virtude de suas dimensões limitadas, somos obrigados a conviver uns com os outros, tornando-se necessário exercitar. Essa ultima concepção, permite problematizar a questão dos estrangeiros e do colonialismo reforçando a necessidade da liga das nações em assegurar o direito cosmopolita, regulador das relações entre Estado e Cidadãos de outros estados (Estrangeiros), em não ser tratados com hostilidade em qualquer parte do globo, numa perspectiva de uma cidadania universal.Palavras chaves: Direito dos povos, direito cosmopolita, colonialismo.In the second section, Kant mentions: “There are three definitive articles for perpetual peace between states: the first, the civil constitution in each state must be republican. The constitution of a State concerned with people's freedom, as components of a society, of their dependence on common legislation and of their equality as citizens. People's law must be founded on a federalism of free states. To guarantee a state of peace, Kant suggests the formation of a union between peoples, which would not be the same as a State congregating peoples, since each one has and must preserve its individuality and the third, the cosmopolitan right must be limited to conditions of universal hospitality. This last conception, Kant at the end of the 17th century, already spoke of the “right to community possession of the Earth's surface”, and that, due to its limited dimensions, we are obliged to live with each other, making it necessary to exercise. This latter conception allows us to problematize the issue of foreigners and colonialism, reinforcing the need for the league of nations to ensure the cosmopolitan right, which regulates relations between the State and Citizens of other states (Foreigners), in not being treated with hostility anywhere in the world. globe, in a perspective of universal citizenship.Key words: Peoples' law, cosmopolitan law, colonialism
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Sharqi, Assist prof Dr Nahreen Jawad. „Democratic Peace and Liberal Peace: Argumentative and Intentions“. International and Political Journal, Nr. 55 (01.06.2023): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/ipj.i55.176.
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Some people believe that the concept of liberal peace should be seen in relation to the thesis of democratic peace. This literature focused more on whether democratic countries are more peaceful in their foreign relations and tried to provide a theoretical and empirical explanation for this. The democratic peace thesis states the following: 1) Democratic states rarely fight each other. 2) Democratic countries tend to be more open to international trade than non-democratic ones, which creates interdependencies that prevent war from breaking out between them.3) Democracies tend to be more internally peaceful than other systems. Here, it is important to point out that the thesis of democratic peace is closely related to Immanuel Kant’s idea of “perpetual peace”. As for the liberal peace thesis, from Richmond’s point of view, it bears four main aspects that emerged from the discussions in international theory and the different historical contexts related to the subject, especially in the West. These include the four aspects of liberal peace (victorious peace, constitutional peace, institutional peace, and civil peace). Richmond noted that the peace of the victor is the result of the old realist argument that peace depends on military victory and on the domination of the victor. But the peace of the victor may result in political resistance, as in Iraq and Afghanistan. The second, constitutional peace, derives from the Kantian argument that peace is the result of democracy, commerce, and a set of universal values based on individualism. Richmond notes that "the constitutional peace struggles with those who do not want to share power, and who do not want to entrench local legal structures that might prohibit their activities." As for institutional peace, it is the peace that results from normative and legal institutional arrangements between countries that agree - in a multilateral manner - on ways to act and impose or define their behavior. This can be found in international institutions such as the United Nations as well as regional organizations such as the European Union, the African Union (AU), the League of Arab States (AL), the Organization of American States (OAS), and subregional organizations such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The fourth aspect, (civil peace), which emphasizes the importance of the participation of citizens and civil society institutions in making peace. Unlike the other three aspects of liberal peace, the contribution of individuals rather than the state or international organization is included in this strategy.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Perpetual league"
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Hiller, Sarah E. „The Parental Patriarchy: How U.S. Parental Leave and Child Care Policies Perpetuate Motherhood Inequality in the Workplace“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/665.
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This thesis looks at how parental leave and early child care policies in the U.S. can reshape our understanding of the role of government, parental responsibility, and gender within paid labor in order to dismantle the systems of oppression and domination that lead to motherhood inequality. The United States is the only developed economy without mandated paid parental leave, and privatized child care costs can be greater than tuition at public universities. As a result, mothers, still overwhelmingly the primary caregivers in families, are forced to juggle the responsibilities of paid and domestic labor in a way that leads to employment discrimination. Because policies have a unique power to incentivize behavior and change socially ingrained biases, I propose that Congress institute paid parental leave through the FAMILY Act and revives the Comprehensive Child Development Act of 1971 to establish public child care.
Bücher zum Thema "Perpetual league"
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Scott, Tom. The Swiss or Swabian War of 1499. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725275.003.0007.
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The Swiss (or Swabian) War had its origins beyond Swabia itself, in conflicts between Austrian Tirol and the Rhaetian Leagues; Emperor Maximilian’s plans to invade Italy, however, drew in the Swabian League, which in early 1499 mustered troops to defend its own region from attack or plunder. Imperial troops were sent from the Netherlands, with the result that three separate theatres of war developed: in Vorarlberg, on the Hochrhein, and on the Upper Rhine/Alsace. A series of skirmishes quickly brought hostilities to an end in a ‘war’ which was essentially accidental and avoidable. Much of the fighting consisted of raiding and plundering. By the Treaty of Basel (October 1499) the status quo ante enshrined in the Perpetual Accord was restored; the city of Basel, however, was admitted as a full member to the Confederation.
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Grewal, J. S. In Search of Political Autonomy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199467099.003.0010.
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In August 1940, Master Tara Singh started negotiations with the Congress leaders about whether or not to support the government in its war efforts. Mahatma Gandhi’s response obliged him eventually to resign from the Congress Working Committee. Master Tara Singh supported the programme of the Khalsa Defence of India League formed early in 1941 under the leadership of Maharaja Yadvindra Singh of Patiala. In March 1942, Stafford Cripps brought a proposal that appeared to concede Pakistan. His mission failed but Master Tara Singh remained seriously perturbed over the possibility of the Sikhs being placed under perpetual Muslim domination. The Sikander–Baldev Singh Pact enabled Baldev Singh, a non-Akali legislator, to replace Dasaundha Singh as the Sikh minister in the Unionist ministry. Thus, Master Tara Singh’s idea was to strengthen the Sikh position without infringing his formal understanding with the Congress.
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Ley, Barbara L. Mothers, Fathers, and the Pregnancy App Experience. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039577.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the “usability” of pregnancy apps, particularly in terms of their usefulness and user satisfaction, to understand their appeal to a growing number of expectant parents, most—but not all—of whom are women. To this end, the chapter analyzes the aesthetic, therapeutic, and technical design of nine pregnancy apps available in the iTunes store. It also looks at the user reviews that accompanied the apps. On the one hand, the chapter reveals that the architecture and design of pregnancy apps enhance satisfaction among many expectant parents, especially women, by providing them with a range of support tools, options for personalization, and the ability to access support whenever and wherever they need it. On the other hand, the gendered and heteronormative assumptions built into the apps' designs perpetuate hegemonic discourses regarding pregnancy and parenting that can leave some expectant parents, especially fathers, frustrated with their app experience.
Buchteile zum Thema "Perpetual league"
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Hook, Jennifer L., und Meiying Li. „Gendered Tradeoffs“. In The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy, 249–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_11.
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AbstractIn this chapter we review the research linking national-level family policies on childcare services and parental leave to women’s labor market outcomes. We review the state of the literature in answering two primary questions: (1) Do generous family policies perpetuate gender inequality in the labor market? That is, do family policies have unintended consequences or promote women’s inclusion into the labor force at the expense of gender equality within it? (2) Do generous family policies promote gender equality for certain groups of women at the expense of other groups of women? In answering this second question we focus on how policies differentially affect women by social class. We conclude with directions for future research.
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Kleingeld, Pauline. „Approaching Perpetual Peace: Kant’s Defence of a League of States and his Ideal of a World Federation“. In Immanuel Kant, 451–72. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315252629-20.
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Sulmasy, Glenn. „Introduction“. In The National Security Court System, 1–13. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195379815.003.0001.
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Abstract It is sometime easy to forget how very close the communist nation of Cuba is to the American homeland. Cuba sits in the Caribbean Sea, a scant hundred miles as the crow flies from Key West to the northern coast of Cuba. Approximately 500 miles from mainland Florida, there is a small U.S. military installation located on both sides of the mouth of Guantanamo Bay on the south eastern tip of Cuba. The forty- five-square-mile naval base was formally established by treaty following the Spanish-American War through an “Agreement between the United States and Cuba for the Lease of Lands for Coaling and Naval Stations.” The agreement was formalized in February of 1903 , under the auspices of Article VII of the Platt Amendment. U.S. Naval Station Guantanamo Bay has remained a United States military installation despite the Cuban revolution in 1959 and the establishment of a communist government under Fidel Castro. It is the oldest U.S. base located in overseas territory; it was obtained after the end of the Spanish-American War. And the lease is perpetual; it may be bro- ken only upon the agreement of both signatories or the abandonment of the base by the United States.
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Meddings, Jennifer, Vineet Chopra und Sanjay Saint. „Toward Sustainability“. In Preventing Hospital Infections, 131–40. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197509159.003.0009.
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After the formal initiative is finished, the project team continues working to secure and perpetuate the progress made in reducing Foley usage and institutionalizing the bladder bundle checklist. Members put into effect plans formulated during the initiative’s early days. The evaluation of catheter use and of infection rates goes on, though the data collection intervals are farther apart. Successes are promoted throughout the hospital, a reminder that the initiative continues. A major mission is to identify backsliders and realign them. Because of the possibility that champions will leave the hospital or be reassigned, current champions are urged to develop their replacements. The team makes sure that the orientation process for new arrivals to the hospital includes prevention information related to catheter-associated urinary tract infection and the hospital’s protocols concerning Foley insertion and removal.
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Allen, M. Prudence, und M. Judith O’Brien. „The Decree On The Appropriate Renewal Of Religious Life, Perfectae Caritatis“. In Vatican II, 251–70. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195332681.003.0013.
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Abstract The large number of perpetually professed women and men religious who chose to leave religious life after the close of the Second Vatican Council led many people to conclude that the council’s official teachings were in discontinuity with previous magisterial teachings about consecrated life. Yet, a careful study of magisterial documents does not support this conclusion. Tracing the Church’s teaching on the essential characteristics of religious life, we discovered a clear pattern of development that built on previous magisterial foundations. The earliest papal writings concentrated on particular religious congregations or founders. Within these texts were also articulated fundamental principles of religious life. Later documents more directly stated general principles of religious life over the centuries, moving from a juridical approach, to its interior personal dynamisms, to its rich ecclesial and spiritual dimensions.
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Laestadius, Linnea, Jan Deckers und Stephanie Baran. „Food crimes, harms and carnist technologies“. In A Handbook of Food Crime, 295–312. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447336013.003.0019.
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This chapter explores some of the ways in which technologies designed to meet human demand for animal based foods, which this chapter terms carnist technologies, facilitate or remedy food crimes and harms. First-generation carnist technologies designed to achieve increased efficiency in animal rearing, as well as second-generation technologies for ‘happy meat’, cellular agriculture, and plant-based analogues of animal products as are all considered. The latter two technologies hold promise for reducing some of the key harms tied to demand for animal products, but leave other harms unaddressed. None of the technologies are found to fully challenge carnism, and may also perpetuate or even compound more systemic food crimes given the extent to which developers and promoters have embraced neoliberal principles. The benefits of these technologies should be recognised, but advocates must acknowledge the limitations of a techno-fix approach to what is ultimately a social problem requiring more significant reforms.
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Hatzis, Nicholas. „Discrimination and Toleration“. In Offensive Speech, Religion, and the Limits of the Law, 154–80. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758440.003.0007.
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The chapter discusses, and rejects, two further arguments for the prohibition of religious insults targeting minority religious beliefs. The first is that they perpetuate negative perceptions of minority groups so over time it becomes acceptable to treat their members in a discriminatory manner. I explore what exactly is meant by the claim that speech leads to discriminatory acts and what causal link between expression and discrimination ought to be required for the government to suppress religiously offensive speech. The second argument is that offending religious beliefs is a form of intolerance towards those who hold them, so when the government is restricting communications which offend, it gives effect to the value of toleration. My discussion focuses on the kind of moral obligations which flow from toleration. I defend the view that a commitment to toleration should always leave some room for the expression of a negative attitude towards that which is being tolerated and that, in principle, speech is the appropriate means for conveying such an attitude.
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Chattopadhyay, Budhaditya. „15 Airport“. In The Auditory Setting, 135–38. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474474382.003.0015.
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The airport is a site of perpetual movement, punctuated by awkward periods of waiting, inclined towards an insular private way of being in an essentially public space. Such a public site is usually built with large metallic pillars and transparent glass panels on which the empty face of a nomadic passenger may fall and be distorted. Voices slip away and are rendered redundant. A gentrified lounge has no odour. Rows of metallic doors open and shut silently. Elevators go up and down carrying tired travellers keen to rest for a little while. Instructions appear on large LED screens. The lack of curiosity on the faces of itinerant travellers breeds social alienation. Moments of interest in an unknown other evaporate as the gentle automated announcement makes people aware that the time to leave is approaching. The sounds of escalators echo aimlessly along grey walls and ceiling skylights. Reclining figures and their organised belongings keep changing places. A vacant seat doesn’t remain empty for long – someone soon appears with an expressionless face and occupies the void. The felt vibrations of digital devices are mutually enticing. They converse, create intimacy and merge orgiastically to render the networked resonance a machine vision. This is the generic sonic environment of a typical airport. There are many similarities between the world’s largest airports, irrespective of dissimilarities between the languages used for announcements, built structures, background muzak, etc. A sonic environment of similar aural perspectives makes them uniform – all sounds, including human and automated voices, machinery, footsteps and baggage trolleys, coalesce with one another in an amalgamated futuristic atmosphere, within ...
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Dougherty, Carol. „“An end to housekeeping”“. In Travel and Home in Homer's Odyssey and Contemporary Literature, 45–70. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814016.003.0003.
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This chapter offers a reading of Marilynne Robinson’s 1980 novel Housekeeping—the story of a transient woman, Sylvie, who returns home to take care of her recently orphaned nieces, Ruth and Lucille, and the novel raises important questions not just about life on the road, but also about the house and home that is left behind. Whereas the Odyssey maintains a perpetually idealized notion of Penelope and Odysseus as emblems of a like-minded merger of travel and home by deferring indefinitely the moment when the two actually live (or travel) together, in Housekeeping there is always an attempt to blur the divide between people who stay and people who go, one that is most clearly embodied in the character of Sylvie. Like Odysseus, who will one day leave home again and whose travels are also always returns, Sylvie’s travels keep taking her home; yet like Penelope as well, she keeps her family by her side. In particular, by taking men out of the picture, Robinson radically reorients the traditionally gendered relationship of travel to home that Homer’s Odyssey represents, and the novel prompts us to ask how women can reconcile family responsibilities with travel. Can the possibilities, rather than the constraints, of mobility help redefine what makes a house a home?
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Hyman, Wendy Beth. „Afterword“. In Impossible Desire and the Limits of Knowledge in Renaissance Poetry, 171–76. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837510.003.0006.
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The afterword, “Learning to Imagine What We Know” attempts to articulate a material poetics, rather than a metaphysics, of the mind in extremis, at the places where life, time, representation, and knowledge can go no further. Deleuze, in “The Simulacrum and Ancient Philosophy,” contends that “the atom is that which must be thought, and that which can only be thought.” Angus Fletcher, in the chapter “Marlowe Invents the Deadline,” makes a stunningly similar claim: “Time, finally, can only be thought.”Impossible Desire recognizes the elusive hymen, too, as a conceptual morsel that fuses sexual and epistemological conquest. It demarcates, and arouses a desire to transcend, the limit point of human knowledge. But this erotically charged search for knowledge occurs, for the carpe diem poet, in the absence of teleology. He recognizes no promise of full revelation, and only a perpetually receding horizon of further things unknown. Despite this, he uses poetry to create unlikely but capacious domains for the unthinkable, an aspiration identified as an act of world-making. As George Steiner puts it, “deep inside every ‘art-act’ lies the dream of an absolute leap out of nothingness, of the invention of an enunciatory shape so new, so singular to its begetter, that it would, literally, leave the previous world behind.” The conclusion of Impossible Desire locates this ontological leap in carpe diem poetry’s attempt to expand the increments of existence within the interstices of poetry, ultimately the only mortal place wherein one can make “this one short Point of Time/… fill up half the Orb of Round Eternity.”