Dissertationen zum Thema „Pérovskite manganèse“
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Sihaib, Zakaria. „Oxidation of toluene traces in gas phase in presence of manganese-oxide based catalysts : relationship structure-activity“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the first part of my work, I have prepared four different catalysts based on manganese oxides: a perovskite (LaMnO3), via sol-gel method; a simple oxide (Mn2O3), by rapid method and an Octahedral Molecular Sieve (OMS-2) by two different preparation methods, via solid state (OMSs) and hydrothermal method (OMSh). The physicochemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, TGA/DTA, ICP-OES and H2-TPR. Their catalytic performances were evaluated in the oxidation of toluene. Three consecutive catalytic cycles were performed for each catalyst in order to reach steady state performances. In order to assess the stability of the catalysts under reaction conditions, the catalytic performances were studied upon long-term experiments running for 24 h at 25% of toluene conversion. Tests of toluene oxidation over a typical industrial catalyst, such as a commercial Pd/Al2O3 catalyst containing 0.78 wt% Pd, were also performed for comparison purposes. The crystalline features detected in the XRD patterns are well consistent with the formation of the desired structures. Based on their specific surface area and their low-temperature reducibility, the catalysts were ranked as follows: OMSs> Mn2O3> OMSh> LaMnO3. This trend was in good agreement with the performances observed in the catalytic removal of toluene. A kinetic model was proposed and a good agreement was obtained upon fitting with the experimental data. In the second part of my work, LaMnO3 (LM) catalysts with molar ratio of citric acid (CA) to metal nitrates (Mn and La) ranging from 0.5 to 2 (LM 0.5 to LM 2) were synthesized by citrate sol–gel method, in order to study effect of citric acid ratio on the physico-chemical properties and the catalytic performances. The physicochemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption and by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Over selected samples, additional characterizations by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), temperature-programmed reduction by hydrogen (H2-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out. The results show that the molar ratio of citric acid to metal nitrates significantly influenced the TGA/DTA profile of gels along with the physico-chemical properties of the catalysts. The crystalline features detected by XRD are well consistent with the formation of LaMnO3 perovskite phase. Small features of Mn2O3 were detected in the diffraction patterns of all LM catalysts except for high CA/Mn+La nitrates molar ratio (1.9 and 2.0). Conversely, La2O3 peaks appeared for values ranging from 1.6 to 2, the highest intensity being detected at molar ratio equal to 2. The catalytic performances were evaluated in the oxidation of toluene, performing three consecutive catalytic cycles in order to reach steady-state performances. In order to assess the stability of the catalysts under reaction conditions, long-term experiments running for 24 h at 17 % of toluene conversion were carried out. The catalysts LM1.2, LM1.3 and LM1.5 showed the best catalytic performances in terms of toluene conversion, LM0.8 was poor performing, while LM1 and LM1.7 exhibited an intermediate behaviour
Crochet, Guillaume. „Synthesis of stimuli responsive nanoparticles for electrocatalysis“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS313.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerovskite oxides are studied since decades for their magnetic properties and more recently for their electrocatalytic properties in the context of energy conversion, within fuel cells and water electrolyzers, for instance. In this work, we have aimed at developing new perovskite-based electrocatalysts operating in aqueous media, by targeting nanoscaled perovskites able to interact with their environment and then to exhibit stimuli-dependent electrocatalytic properties. This work was then at crossroad between the development of synthesis strategies, the design of nanomaterials, the study of their electrochemical and magnetic properties and of their interplay. We first describe a synthesis strategy suitable to reach quaternary perovskites by using molten salt media, innovative microwave heating and precise tuning of the oxo-basicity of the melt. We then address the relationship between magnetism and electrocatalysis on the case study of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanocrystals derived from molten salts, through the development of an original set-up enabling triggering changes in the oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis by application of a magnetic field. We especially stress out the important of the composition of the electrolyte for magnetic enhancement of electrocatalytic activity. Finally, we address another way to trigger “externally” the properties of nanoscaled perovskite oxides, by developing a synthesis of doped perovskite nanocrystals and then by triggering under reducing conditions the exsolution of the metal cation dopants as metal nanoparticles at the surface of perovskite nanocrystal hosts, for the first time
Cauro, Rodolphe. „Effet de la lumière sur les propriétés électriques des manganites“. Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5466.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutret, Cécile. „Etudes de pérovskites de manganèse (et structures dérivées) à propriétés de magnétorésistance colossale“. Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoncasi, Luque Carlos. „Relation entre la structure et les propriétés dans les mémoires résistives à base de films (La,Sr)MnO3“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2022GRALI048.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis focuses on the study of the relationship between (La,Sr)MnO3 (LSM) thin film’s microstructure and their functional properties in memristive devices. Valence Change Memories (VCMs), which rely on resistive switching phenomena, are exciting candidates for the next generation of non-volatile memories as they offer fast writing speed, high storage density and low power consumption. These memories store data in the form of a tunable resistance, which can be varied by an electrical stimuli. Typically, oxygen drift within the system provokes a redox reaction, which triggers the change of resistance. However, the VCMs performance is strongly related to the elements that compose the memory, i.e. active material, electrode and their interfaces.In this thesis, the memristive response of La1-xSrxMnO3 (LSM) perovskite oxide was studied in detail. LSM presents flexible oxygen stoichiometry accommodated through the change of Mn valence, which in turn modifies its electrical conduction properties. LSM thin films were successfully grown by pulsed-injection metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on three substrates to induce different microstructures: epitaxial films with low and high concentration of extended defects were grown on SrTiO3 (STO) and LaAlO3 (LAO) single crystals, respectively, and polycrystalline films with a large density of grain boundaries were grown on Si3N4 substrates. The memristive response was studied in micro-fabricated Ti/LSMPt planar devices. The formation of an oxygen deficient TiOx interlayer at the Ti/LSM interface in pristine devices was observed by STEM. Moreover, X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy measurements in a pristine device indicate a strong reduction of the Mn under the Ti electrode (Mn valence ca. +2.6) while the rest of the film was oxidized (valence ca. +3.5). The reduction of LSM suggests that, during the fabrication process the TiOx is formed at the interface by scavenging oxygen from LSM.First, the memristive performance was measured in the epitaxial samples, for which it was proven that the performance of the nanoionic devices can be boosted by microstructure engineering. Bipolar interface-type resistive switching was observed, where the transition to the high resistance state (HRS) or RESET was assigned to the drift of oxygen from LSM towards the Ti electrode (oxidizing it), while the reverse redox reaction leads to a low resistance state (LRS) via a SET process. The gradual oxidation/reduction can account for the multilevel resistance states measured in these devices. While the RESET takes place under similar conditions in LSM/LAO and LSM/STO, the SET process greatly depends on the microstructure of the LSM film. The high crystal quality of the LSM/STO epitaxial films seems to hinder the reincorporation of oxygen into LSM during the SET transition, and thus, asymmetric voltage operation is required, reaching a HRS/LRS ratio up to 7. On the other hand, in LSM/LAO devices where the extended defects act as fast migration paths to reincorporate the oxygen into LSM ,symmetric voltage operation is possible up to ±20 V with HRS/LRS up to 23.Finally, polycrystalline Ti/LSMPt devices built on LSM/Si3N4 show similar behavior to that of the LSM/LAO devices, where the multilevel capacities are assigned to fast oxygen drift along the grain boundaries in both directions, i.e. during RESET and SET operation. Hence, these devices present larger operation windows, even at smaller writing voltage, i.e. HRS/LRS>10 for Vwrite=±14 V. The results obtained for polycrystalline devices are very exciting for memory applications as they are compatible with the semiconductor industry. The miniaturization of these devices is expected to lead to larger operating window and multilevel storage, while operating at lower voltages and thus, reducing power consumption
Quarez, Éric. „Nouveaux oxydes de métaux de transition à valences élevées obtenus par électrosynthèse : empilements de couches, macles et structures composites“. Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-137.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFloros, Nicolas. „Synthèse, caractérisation structurale et propriétés physiques de nouveaux oxydes de manganèse“. Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuiblin, Nicolas. „Synthèse, structures et mises en ordre électroniques d'oxydes à valence mixte dans le système Pr-Ca-Mn-O“. Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN2003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuetel, Weben Simon. „Optimisation des propriétés thermoélectriques des oxydes Ca1-xTRxMnO3-delta“. Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is focused on the relationship between micro/nanostructure and thermoelectric properties of Ca1-xTRxMnO3-δ compound, where TR is a trivalent rare earth. In order to increase the thermoelectric properties, we used, firstly, different powder synthesis techniques and, secondly, an alternative densification method such as Spark plasma Sintering have been investigated. Nature and concentration of the substituent rare earths has been optimized in order to increase the figure of merit ZT. Two compounds catch our attention, Ca0. 9Yb0. 1MnO3-δ and Ca0. 95Sm0. 05MnO3-δ. Compared to conventional synthesis processes, the development of the coprecipitation synthesis allow us to prepare fine powder (~70 nm) with homogeneous microstructures. This synthesis leads to decrease the sintering temperature as well as it enhances the thermoelectric properties. The figure of merit reaches a maximum value of 0. 2 at 1000K. The sintering by SPS gave fast densification of the powder as well as the limited grain growth. The combination of coprecipitation synthesis and SPS leads to a dense ceramic with a 450°C lowering of the final sintering temperature as compared to the one made by conventional methods. Unfortunately, mixed valence oxides sintered by SPS show oxygen reduction. To overcome this problem, different experiment were carried out, in particular a SPS sintering was made under an oxidizing atmosphere showing interesting results
Nguyen, Dinh Minh Tuan. „Oxydation totale du trichloroéthylène par procédé catalyse post-plasma“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10182/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study concerns the innovative post-plasma catalysis process for abatement of low levels of trichloroethylene (TCE) in gaseous exhausts at atmospheric pressure and at the lowest operating temperature of the catalyst. The aim is to find an alternative to the conventional VOCs remediation methods which are not adapted in these conditions. The Non Thermal Plasma (NTP) reactor used in this work is a direct current luminescent glow discharge multipins to plate reactor. Although attractive for TCE decomposition due to its ease of use and its low operating cost, it leads however to incomplete VOC oxidation. The catalyst must overcome the weaknesses of NTP. Adding a manganese oxide type catalyst downstream the NTP reactor at 150°C even at room temperature significantly increases the effectiveness of the process. It has been shown that the best catalytic formulations lower the inhibiting factors of water and are efficient catalysts for ozone decomposition
Yaicle, Cédric. „Synthèses, études structurales et sauts d'aimantation dans les manganites à propriétés CMR / par Cédric Yaicle“. Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGiot, Maud. „Etudes structurales et magnétiques de manganites BixCa1-xMnO3 présentant des mises en ordre complexes“. Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe structural and magnetic study was carried out on a Bi-rich part of the BixCa1-xMnO3 system, 0. 7 x 0. 5, working on ceramics and single crystals. We combine the results of different diffraction techniques – X Rays, electrons and neutrons- leaning on the transmission electron microscopy observations and correlating our results with the magnetic property. The compound x = 0,5 differs others composed by the evolution of its modulation vector as a function of the temperature. A "unique" model of the charge localization is presented for x = 0,55, 0,6 and 0,64. The charge localization is done, not on a Mn site, but on a Mn-O-Mn entity. Different The evolution of the magnetic structure with Bi/Ca ratio study was performed on powder diffraction data. The data can be refined with different physicals models, in particular the classical CE-type model is one of the solutions for BixCa1-xMnO3 manganites with x=0. 5. The moments tend to establish a ferromagnetic coupling with increasing x. The composite Bi0. 67Ca0. 33MnO3 appears as a key point for which the majority of the charge localization is destabilized. The study of the BT magnetic state of this compound confirmed the coexistence of a spin glass state and of a long range magnetic order. The origin of the spin glass state in Bi0. 67Ca0. 33MnO3 is interpreted as a frustration of the increase of FM couplings by AFM couplings. A similar magnetic state in shown for the Bi0. 71Ca0. 24MnO3 compounds when it present a type surstructure [111]p (close to the multiferroic BiMnO3 surstructure). A frustration model was proposed while basing itself on the refined orbital ordering
Bernard, Caroline. „Synthèse hydrothermale d'oxydes La(1-x)Sr(x)MnO(3+8) et ZrO(2)-8%Y(2)O(3) sous forme de poudre et de couches minces et caractérisations“. Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of my research work was to develop hydrothermal synthesis procedure to get powders and films of strontium doped lanthanum manganite La1-xSrxMnO3+d, (LSMO) and yttrium stabilized zirconia ZrO2-8mol% Y2O3 (YSZ) and to optimize the properties of materials with significiant ratio surface/volume. The use of hydrothermal synthesis at low temperature under homogeneous pressure appeared recently. For the synthesis of powders, first we defined the parameters leading to single phased un-doped manganite samples. We investigated the crystallization stage of the amorphous powder resulting from the hydrothermal synthesis by W. A. X. S. . We also characterized some physical properties by internal friction technique. For LSMO, the procedure was developped involving the methodology of experimental research. This choice is positive, because we obtain the oxide wished after two plans experimentation originals. We optimized the hydrothermal synthesis and characterized 8 mol % Y2O3 stabilized zirconia. In the second time, we investigated the deposition of films: YSZ layers on polycristalline aAl2O3 and LaMnO3+d substrates; LaMnO3+d layers on polycristalline aAl2O3, YSZ and Mn doped YSZ supports. We obtained covering layers but ould not avoid the formation of cracks
Pignard, Stéphane. „Elaboration par MOCVD à injection, caractérisations structurale et physique de films d'oxydes magnétiques : hexaferrite BaFe12O19 et pérovskite à magnétorésistance géante La(1-x)MnO(3-delta)“. Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0189.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWisniewski, Sandra. „Etude et mise en oeuvre de catalyseurs de type perovskite dans un procédé de dénoxification d'effluents gazeux, en présence d'oxygène“. Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1282.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXu, Yin. „Preparation of noble metal free mixed oxides : applications to environmental catalysis“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a political and legislative context promoting the use of abundant and non-toxic metals, different classes of transition metal catalysts have been developed and evaluated for two depollution reactions: (i) catalytic ozonation or activated persulfate for the elimination of pollutants containing nitrogen in the aqueous phase and (ii) the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds in the gas phase. Structural spinel oxides AB2O4 and perovskites having the general formula ABO3 (where A and B are metal cations) are interesting candidates because of their safety and lower cost compared to platinum family metals. Moreover, the versatile properties of these mixed oxides, such as the numerous possible compositions and their associated surface states, have demonstrated their interest in heterogeneous catalysis. In the first reaction concerning advanced oxidation processes, spinel type mixed oxides have been studied to act as a degradation catalyst for organic pollutants (AO7 and bisphenol A). Two compositions, CuAl2O4 and CuFe2O4, have been isolated as active catalysts for the activation of ozone and peroxymonosulphate radical precursors. The combination of copper with aluminum or iron has been found to be beneficial in forming reactive radicals from ozone or peroxymonosulphate, significantly improving the degradation of targeted pollutants compared with simple oxides. In the second reaction involving the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde in the gas phase, the perovskites and the manganese oxides were evaluated. A study dealing with the surface enrichment of the transition metal was carried out either by chemical treatment via acid washing of the perovskite precursor, or by a sub-stoechiometric approach used during the preparation. At the light of the experimental results, this enrichment improves drastically the elimination of formaldehyde towards low temperatures. These performances can be related to the cumulative effects associated with the formation of a morphology containing a multiple porosity following the acidic chemical treatment, the significant increase of the specific surface and the increase of the density of the surface redox sites highlighted by the Mn4 + / Mn3 + couple. Finally, the promotion of the catalytic support LaMnO3 by alkali and alkaline earth metals was carried out according to different conditions (La0.8A0.2MnO3 with A = K, Na, Sr, Ca). Based on the catalytic performances at a temperature giving a conversion of 50% of formaldehyde in CO2, potassium doping proved to be the most attractive doping agent (La0.8K0.2MnO3> La0.8Na0.2MnO3> La0.8Sr0.2MnO3> LaMnO3 = La0. 8Ca0.2MnO3= LMO-OH = LMO-Na). Chemical aging under wet and dry conditions has therefore been carried out on the best catalysts to evaluate their robustness. Despite a conservation of textural properties, a gradual deactivation of the doped perovskites (K, Na, Sr) was observed and related to a loss of surface active oxygen species and a reduction in the average degree of oxidation of manganese
Wu, Jianxiong. „Développement de nouveaux matériaux catalytiques à faible teneur en métaux précieux pour le post-traitement des gaz d'échappement automobiles“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R021/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe current study aims to develop novel catalytic materials for the post-treatment of exhaust gas stemming from gasoline engines. The Three Way Catalyst (TWC) is generally considered as a mature and reliable technology capable of removing simultaneously the main pollutants present in the automobile exhaust gas: CO, HC and NOx. The existing TWC system relies heavily on the significant use of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) and Rare Earth Elements (REEs). However, the high-cost and scarcity of the conventional PGM-based TWC system constitutes an obstacle for the cost reduction of exhaust gas treatment technology as well as a severe burden on natural resource. Another drawback of conventional TWC is associated with the sintering of precious metals in the process of catalyst operation and unsatisfactory N2 selectivity during NOx reduction. Therefore, alternative solutions are required which should ideally allow a substantial reduction of PGMs usage without sacrificing significantly the catalytic performance. Trois voiesThe goal of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of applying perovskite-type materials as an alternative to the replacement of conventional TWC system. The main approach employed is composition optimization of perovskite-type materials, including creation of non-stoichiometry in the chemical composition, partial substitution in A or B site and addition of small amount of PGMs. Influence of partial substitution in A or B site as well as the synergistic effect of dual substitutions in both A and B site were investigated. Results showed that Cu doping in B site could enhance oxidation of CO and C3H6 while Mn doping had a noticeable promoting impact on NO reduction under stoichiometric conditions. Small amount of PGM loading combined with doping of Cu or Mn could enhance remarkably the redox properties of the lanthanum ferrite perovskite. Ca doping in A site affected the dispersion and diffusion of precious metals across the perovskite substrate. The PGM-loaded perovskite catalysts outperformed the commercial benchmark catalyst in terms of higher NO conversion and N2 selectivity in stoichiometric condition in the operating temperature range of the TWC system but the deNOx activity during cold-start process remains a big challenge
Gasmi, Amel. „Etude des relations structure cristalline-propriétés physiques dans des manganites de terre rare substituées“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI110.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focuses on the study of structural and physical properties of manganites La₀.₆₇Ba₀.₃₃Mn₁₋ₓTiₓO₃, prepared by the ceramic method and soft chemistry routes (modified citrate) and manganites La0.6Sr0.4-ddMnO3 prepared by ceramic route.The use of the modified citrate-gel method shows several advantages (simplicity, speed and the chemical purity of the materials obtained) while the experimental results are similar for both methods. The X-ray and neutron diffraction show that the samples La₀.₆₇Ba₀.₃₃Mn₁₋ₓTiₓO₃ are single phased. The magnetic study shows that the samples present a paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition for a rate of Ti £ 10% while a spin glass-type behavior is observed beyond these rates. The study of the variation in resistance with temperature made for La₀.₆₇Ba₀.₃₃Mn₁₋ₓTiₓO₃ (x = 0.05, 0.1) showed that the sample has a metallic-semiconductor transition while above 10% for Ti rate these manganites exhibit only a semiconducting behavior.The studied samples La0.6Sr0.4-ddMnO3 showed essentially that nominal vacancies, δ, cannot generally be achieved. The resulting chemical composition shifts toward the system La1-xSrxMnO3 by forming a second Mn3O4 minority phase. The study of the relationship between the crystalline structure and the magnetic properties showed that the decrease of TC is due to the strengthening of super-exchange interactions by increasing the rate of Mn3+ in our samples
Chennabasappa, Madhu. „Etude du vieillissement de matériaux magnétocaloriques“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14970/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagnetic refrigeration has gained lot of importance and attention as they are highlighted to be environmental friendly, energy efficient. Presently, though at research stage, the magnetic refrigerators are pushed towards realization in domestic application with extensive work on materials and with few working models. One critical issue, the potential resistance to corrosion in case of different class of magnetocaloric materials (Gd6Co1.67Si3, Ni2Mn0.75Cu0.25Ga and Pr0.66Sr0.34MnO3) against the heat transport fluid is addressed. To better understand and improve the observed magnetocaloric properties in Heulser alloys Ni2Mn0.75Cu0.25Ga and to elaborate the same with the magneto-structural relation, studies on (i) cation distribution with in crystal structure and/or (ii) microstructural dependence are presented. Nuclear and magnetic phase diagram based on detailed neutron diffraction and magnetism studies for magnetocaloric perovskite oxide Pr1-xSrxMnO3 (0.25≤x≤0.45) is also presented
El, Amrani Mohamed. „Synthèse et caractérisation spectroscopique d oxydes multiferroïques.Y1-xInxMn1-yFeyO3 et RCrO3 (R = terre rare)“. Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4046/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn multiferroics, at least two different ferroic orders coexist (ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, ferroelastici and ferrotoroidici) or anti-ferroic. These different properties can be coupled or not. Among these materials, the most studied are those with magnetic and ferroelectric orders. The presence of magnetoelectric coupling between these two orders, allows one to control the polarization by the application of a magnetic field and vice versa. However very few of these materials have transition temperatures above room temperature. These multiferoics materials can be separated into two categories : the first one includes the materials where the transitions of both orders are independent ; the second comprises the materials the ferroelectric transition of which is related to magnetic ordering. In this thesis we have studied two types of multiferroic oxides, one belongs to the first category (YMnO3) and the other to the second (RCrO3 )