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Morán Alonso, Nerea, Ícaro Obeso Muñiz, Agustín Hernández Aja und Felipe Fernández García. „Challenges for the revitalisation of peri-urban agriculture in Spain: Territorial analysis of the Madrid and Oviedo metropolitan areas“. Moravian Geographical Reports 25, Nr. 3 (01.09.2017): 192–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2017-0017.
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Abstract Contemporary urban sprawl and urban functional centrality at the regional scale have made the classical urban-rural dichotomy no longer valid. Instead, urban development generates a range of peri-urban transitional areas in which urban and rural uses are mixed in a fragmented land mosaic. The main objective of this paper is to detect opportunitites for the revitalisation of peri-urban agriculture based on an analysis and comparison of its evolution in two different regional contexts in Spain. The peri-urban space is delimited according to density, topography and perceptual criteria. Aerial images and cartographic bases are used to identify land quality and land use changes in the areas, concluding that peri-urban agriculture has suffered both urban occupation and internal changes in crops and agricultural uses, experiencing a process of decline. Innovative initiatives performed in these spaces are also explored as opportunities for revitalisation from a multifunctional approach, linking urban population to peri-urban agriculture, organic farming or landscape management. This analysis serves as a prerequisite to develop new policies for the planning of peri-urban agriculture at local and regional scales, based on a deep understanding of the territory and its evolution.
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Abrantes, Patrícia, Jorge Rocha, Eduarda Marques da Costa, Eduardo Gomes, Paulo Morgado und Nuno Costa. „Modelling urban form: A multidimensional typology of urban occupation for spatial analysis“. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, Nr. 1 (29.03.2017): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317700140.
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The conceptual and methodological debate on urban form has grown in the last decades to recognize that social, economic, demographic and political processes can contribute to the development of new urban forms, especially those related to urban sprawl, as well as to find alternative methodologies for measuring them. Spatial metrics derived from landscape ecology arise as principal indicators to measure urban form. This paper proposes a typology of the urban occupation of Portuguese municipalities. It uses land use/cover data from 1990 and 2006 to extract built-up areas, and it presents five spatial metrics alongside seventeen statistical indicators from 1991 to 2011 most commonly used in the literature to characterize urban occupation. It uses a self-organising map as a visual tool to identify trends and relationships among variables and to cluster municipalities. Based on the self-organising map’s visual clustering, six types of urban occupation of Portuguese municipalities are proposed. In addition, the paper discusses the added value of using indicators that describe both the patterns and the characteristics of the municipalities for making spatial planning decisions in Portugal. The observed results show that spatial metrics are particularly adequate for measuring peri-urban municipalities (urban sprawl areas). These results represent the first multidimensional and systematic analysis of Portuguese urban occupation and they can be the first step in the integration of spatial metrics as indicators that are suitable for the analysis of spatial planning, and also for comparative purposes at a broader geographical scale.
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González Pérez, Mario Guadalupe, Sylvia Lorena Serafin González, Liliana De Haro de León, Susana Marceleño Flores und José Andelfo Lizcano Caro. „The progressive and rational occupation of the urban system boundary: entropies in La Azucena, Mexico“. Acta Universitaria 29 (09.10.2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2019.2106.
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This is a study about the experience of dwelling in the boundary of the metropolitan area in Guadalajara, Mexico, a place in which there have been various housing scenarios considered as progressive and rational with isomorphic traits, as it is the case of La Azucena. The aim of the article is to identify the hostile forces that peri-urban residents face and the impact that these anthropic forces may produce in the process of inhabiting those periurban areas. In this context, it was necessary to build an index of occupancy using the statistics application SPSS for obtaining a later georeference using the program ArcMap. Thus, it was obtained the Index of Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin and the sphericity test given by Barlett for these three established measurements: health, education and occupancy. In the conceptual precepts of the systems, there are some complex interactions based on the processes of peri-urban planning.
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Sarabia-Bautista, Julia. „Exploring the Dynamics of Occupation between Resilience and Abandonment in Two Post-Classic Rural Landscapes on the Iberian Peninsula“. Land 12, Nr. 4 (28.03.2023): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12040768.
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In this paper, we present a comparison of two rural landscapes in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, where the dynamics of occupation have differed since the end of the ancient world in terms of both the degree of resilience of settlements and the land use. Our purpose was to explore the social, political, economic, and environmental factors that could explain why there has been a long-term cross-cultural occupation of some resilient sites and landscapes for almost a millennium, while there have been only very specific temporary occupations in other areas. The first part of this paper describes the archaeological investigations carried out by means of intensive survey methods, geophysics, and some excavations in peripheral and peri-urban spaces. In the second part, we reflect on whether the use of the same methodology in all cases allows us to compare and understand what makes societies sustainable (or not) over time through their archaeological record.
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Ortiz-Báez, Paola, Maria José Freire und Jan Bogaert. „ANALYSIS OF PERI-URBAN LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION AND ITS SPATIO-TEMPORAL TRANSFORMATIONS: THE CASE OF THE METROPOLITAN DISTRICT OF QUITO“. JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 47, Nr. 1 (30.01.2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2023.16968.
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Latin American contemporary cities are facing a rapidly urban dispersion which is mainly occurring in periurban zones. Since these transitional spaces remain geographically and conceptually unclear, having a greater understanding of its landscape composition has become a key issue for territorial planning purposes. In this article, the Metropolitan District of Quito urban-rural gradient landscape composition and its spatiotemporal transformations are analysed. Using satellite images of very high resolution of two periods, five Land Use-Land Covers (LULC) were identified in sixty-four sample polygons. Based on that, a transition matrix and a stability index were developed to analyse landscape composition change intensity. Results demonstrate that peri-urban areas show the highest landscape instability, although through a great diversity of land occupation typologies. The four dominant typologies are analysed. Parsing LULCs independently, vegetation showed the greatest instability, which significantly alters ecosystems and their services. On the other hand, mega-road infrastructure appears to be one of the most dramatic drivers of peri-urban transformation, since samples crossed by new highways experienced the greatest landscape transformation on average. Finally, this methodology and insights could be extrapolated to other Latin American cities, where micro-scale policymaking should be a priority in scenarios of complex and highly heterogeneous peri-urbanization.
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Ortiz-Báez, Paola, Maria José Freire und Jan Bogaert. „ANALYSIS OF PERI-URBAN LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION AND ITS SPATIO-TEMPORAL TRANSFORMATIONS: THE CASE OF THE METROPOLITAN DISTRICT OF QUITO“. JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 47, Nr. 1 (30.01.2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2022.16968.
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Latin American contemporary cities are facing a rapidly urban dispersion which is mainly occurring in periurban zones. Since these transitional spaces remain geographically and conceptually unclear, having a greater understanding of its landscape composition has become a key issue for territorial planning purposes. In this article, the Metropolitan District of Quito urban-rural gradient landscape composition and its spatiotemporal transformations are analysed. Using satellite images of very high resolution of two periods, five Land Use-Land Covers (LULC) were identified in sixty-four sample polygons. Based on that, a transition matrix and a stability index were developed to analyse landscape composition change intensity. Results demonstrate that peri-urban areas show the highest landscape instability, although through a great diversity of land occupation typologies. The four dominant typologies are analysed. Parsing LULCs independently, vegetation showed the greatest instability, which significantly alters ecosystems and their services. On the other hand, mega-road infrastructure appears to be one of the most dramatic drivers of peri-urban transformation, since samples crossed by new highways experienced the greatest landscape transformation on average. Finally, this methodology and insights could be extrapolated to other Latin American cities, where micro-scale policymaking should be a priority in scenarios of complex and highly heterogeneous peri-urbanization.
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Nawaz, Mawra, und Sameera Rizvi. „The Determinants of Parental Uptake of Childhood Immunization in Peri-Urban Areas of Karachi - A Cross-Sectional Study“. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, Nr. 7 (30.07.2022): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167130.
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Background: Immunization is one of the simplest and cost-effective ways to protect a child from infectious diseases and mortality worldwide, and while global immunization coverage has increased dramatically the impact is low in developing countries like Pakistan, where many children remain unvaccinated or partially vaccinated. Aim: To determine the potential factors related to parents that impact the uptake of immunization in children living in the peri-urban area of Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted between Oct 2020 to May 2021. Purposive sampling technique based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria was used and a total of 100 parents of children were interviewed using the self-developed structured questionnaire focusing on factors like socio-demographic, parental health-seeking behavior, parental knowledge and perception of immunization and the reasons why a child is partially immunized. The data was collected from two EPI centers from the peri-urban area of Karachi to determine the parental factors associated with child immunization. Results: The results of the study show association between Child immunization and father occupation (p=0.000), parental education (p=0.000) and household income (p-value=0.000). history of sibling’s complete vaccination 35(70%), frequency of maternal antenatal visits 41(82%) accompanied by the husband 37 (74%) and have delivered the child in hospital 50(100%) by an obstetrician 50 (100) and for medical treatment child is always taken to a hospital 47(94%). Parents who consider vaccination important 48 (86%) with the significance of (p=0.001) and they have awareness regarding the total number of immunizations 38(76%) have fully immunized children. Conclusion: According to the study, parental education, occupation, income, health-seeking behavior, father’s involvement, child birth-related factors, parental awareness on immunization, perception of immunization Keywords: Immunization coverage, EPI, Parental factors, Peri-Urban, Sindh, Fully Immunized, Partially Immunized
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Li, Wenbo, Dongyan Wang, Shuhan Liu und Yuanli Zhu. „Measuring urbanization-occupation and internal conversion of peri-urban cultivated land to determine changes in the peri-urban agriculture of the black soil region“. Ecological Indicators 102 (Juli 2019): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.02.055.
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Afolayan, John Olayemi, Michael Adedayo Adebayo, Victor Olutope Ige und Abel Omoniyi Afolayan. „A Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Analysis of the Drivers of Urban Expansion on Peri-Urban Lands in Ilorin, Nigeria“. Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 21, Nr. 3 (27.10.2023): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3477.
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Aim: To examine the drivers of urban expansion on peri-urban areas in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Study Design: Cross-sectional survey research.
Place and Duration of Study: Eyenkorin, Kwara State 2022.
Methodology: From the literature review, fifteen (15) drivers of urban expansion at the peri-urban areas were highlighted. Afterwards a pilot survey was done on the 15 factors among experts in academia with relevant experiences in the built environment. The 15 factors were affirmed adequate for the study. A structured questionnaire survey on a 4-Point Likert Scale was administered to 332 household heads in the study area to colate opinions on how the highlighted factors influence urban expansion on the peripheral land. Weighted Mean Score, Factor Analysis and Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation were used to analyze the factors driving urban expansion in the study area. Weighted Mean Score was used to evaluate the individual factors driving urban expansion of peripheral lands in the study area. The Factor Analysis helped to identify the principal individual factors driving urban expansion at the study area and how they are related with to one another. Fuzzy Synthetic matrix was used to reveal the categories of factors driving urban expansion at the study area in order of their importance.
Results: From study, Occupation and living related factors with a criticality index of 3.12 are the most critical drivers of urban expansion towards the periphery in the study area. This is followed by Accessibility comfort and Land speculation factors with a criticality index of 2.96; and Religious and Institutional factors with a criticality index of 2.72. However, in the study area, Socio-Cultural related factors with a criticality index of 1.22 are not significant drivers of urban expansion towards the periphery in the study area.
Conclusion: The study revealed that there has been exponential spatial urban land use expansion in the peripheral area considered for the study. The study revealed that the factors driving urban expansion to the peripheral area centered around job/occupation related factors, housing and living factors, accessibility factors, religious and institutional factors. For the purpose of environmental preservation and a structured land use, attention should be given to the pace and pattern of urban expansion to achieve a sustainable land use. Hence, there is need to start giving attention to how urban expansion occurs and the land use activities that clusters around the landmarks driving the urban expansion at the peri-urban areas in order to ensure sustainable urban expansion especially in developing countries where this can be an oversight. This will help to optimize a balanced urban land use dynamics for the present and the future preservation of the environment.
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Olori, Juliana Ojochide, Ogechi Cordelia Nwahia und Franҫois Siėwė. „SAVINGS MOBILIZATION ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION AMONG PERI-URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN KWALI AND BWARI AREA COUNCILS F.C.T ABUJA, NIGERIA“. Agricultural Social Economic Journal 21, Nr. 4 (31.10.2021): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2020.021.4.5.
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Savings is increasingly being acknowledged as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation but the peri- -urban households who are mostly, low cadre workers, peasant farmers and small-scale business owners lacks savings services. This study analyzed savings mobilization on poverty alleviation among peri-urban households in Kwali and Bwari Area Councils Abuja. Cross-sectional primary data was used in this study. The data was collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire administered to 185 peri-urban farming households. Descriptive statistics (mean, frequency and percentage), Foster Greer Thorbecke index and ordered logit regression were used to analyze the collected data. The results that emanated from the analysis reveals that 98% of respondents are within the economic active age while 82% of them had formal education and average household size of 4 person. About 93% of households saved in one form or the other. About 51% of the respondent are non-poor while 49% are poor based on analysis of poverty status which revealed poverty incidence of 49%, poverty depth of 28% and poverty severity of 56%. The results further reveals that primary occupation and education reduces the likelihood of not being poor, but there is an increment in the likelihood of being very poor while farm size, savings, access to credit and income generated from secondary activities increases the probability of being non-poor, but reduces the probability of being very poor. Therefore, households should be encouraged by Governmental agencies to engage in secondary economic activities for multiple stream of income to improve on their poverty status. In addition, government should facilitate the establishment of Financial Institutions in the Peri- Urban areas to inculcate saving habit among the people.
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Hagan, Dorcas, Elvis E. Tarkang und Fortress Yayra Aku. „Compliance of commercial motorcycle riders with road safety regulations in a peri-urban town of Ghana“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 3 (30.03.2021): e0246965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246965.
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Background While motorcycles are essential for moving people and goods, they are also, a significant contributor to Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs), making it a public health issue of concern globally. The Hohoe Municipal Hospital records increasing RTAs due to commercial motorcycles. Determining motorcycle riders’ compliance with road safety regulations is critical in helping to curb this menace. Method A cross-sectional study was employed involving a multistage sample of 238 motorcycle riders. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and entered into Epi Data version 3.2 software and exported to STATA software version 12 for analysis. Descriptive and inferential analyses were done while statistical significance was determined at 95% reliability interval and p-value of 0.05. Findings The level of compliance with road safety regulations among respondents was 59.2%. The mean age of respondents was 29.9 ± 7.9 years, and all respondents were males. Respondents who did not own their motorbikes were 0.39 times less likely to comply with road safety regulations compared to their counterparts who owned one, while those without alternate occupations were 0.51times less likely to comply with road safety regulations compared to those with an additional occupation. Those aged between 30–39 years and 40–49 years were 2.37 and 4.1 times more likely to comply with road safety regulations, respectively, compared to those aged ≤29 years, and those who did not smoke were 3.15 times more likely to comply with road safety regulations than those who smoked. Conclusion Compliance to safety regulations are fairly low and although motorcycle usage on a commercial basis is yet to be legalised in Ghana, routine education targeting riders who smoke, do not have alternate occupations, do not own motorbikes and younger riders will improve their compliance. Also, riders should be encouraged to obtain their license from the appropriate authorities.
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Akram, Owasim. „Occupational Health, Safety and Extreme Poverty: A Qualitative Perspective from Bangladesh“. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 4, Nr. 1 (20.02.2015): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v4i1.10654.
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Poor occupational health and safety damages many lives and livelihoods which impedes economic growth. Poor and unsafe work conditions are both a cause and consequence of extreme poverty. Both reinforce each other negatively. The significance of occupational health and safety is particularly strong in countries like Bangladesh where it is not addressed or explored much. This study focuses on urban and peri-urban Bangladesh drawing from: 15 Life History (LH) interviews with people who became disabled during work, 10 in-depth interviews with vulnerable workers in high risk environments; and key informant interviews (KII) with five senior management officials in high risk workplaces. Other studies have also been consulted on occupation safety in rural and urban Bangladesh. Findings confirm that extreme poor people are not only disproportionately drawn into high risk and unhealthy jobs but also the accidents and health problems that arise from these jobs exacerbate poverty. Employers were found to be reluctant to take responsibility for workers and any support offered to injured workers was mainly done out of charity. Sub-contracting was found to be potentially harmful practice of the business/industry owners which makes workers more vulnerable. The paper concludes that occupational health and safety in Bangladesh should be a higher priority in discussions of extreme poverty, its consequences and its solutions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v4i1.10654
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Krunic, Nikola, Marija Maksin, Sasa Milijic, Olgica Bakic und Jasmina Djurdjevic. „Population dynamics and land cover changes of urban areas“. Spatium, Nr. 31 (2014): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1431022k.
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In order to enable efficient management of spatial development of cities, it is essential to analyse changes in land cover, in the ?consumption? of the land surrounding cities and the attained rationality with respect to the use of already urban land (reflected in the urban population density). This paper provides an overview of the land cover changes in the period between 1990 and 2006, and the potential correlation between the dynamics of the total population change on the one hand, and the land cover change on the other. The initial hypotheses of this paper are: (1) occupation and sealing of productive soil in peri-urban zones is not proportional to the population dynamics of cities and their metropolitan areas; and (2) expansion of soil sealing in peri-urban zones is not significantly affected by the differences with regard to the natural surroundings and historical development of cities, nor by these cities being developed cities or cities in transition, capitalistic or post-socialist cities, etc. These hypotheses are tested and confirmed in the cases of three capital cities in South and Southeast Europe. Regarding the changes in population density, it can be concluded that central/inner-city municipalities became less populated, with sometimes very significant decrease in population density, but without any land cover change, which indicates ?depopulation?. At the same time, outer-city and peripheral municipalities also suffered a decline in population density, while their urban zones extended.
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Zhang, Haonan, Hu Zhao, Saisai Meng und Yanghua Zhang. „Research on the Jobs-Housing Balance of Residents in Peri-Urbanization Areas in China: A Case Study of Zoucheng County“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 13 (29.06.2022): 7921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137921.
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In the process of urbanization, peri-urbanization is a unique phenomenon in China. For residents living in peri-urbanization areas, realizing the balance between workplace and living space is not only a crucial guarantee for them to secure livelihood but also an important criterion to measure the quality of China’s urbanization. Based on the questionnaire data distributed by the research group in Zoucheng County, China, in 2021, this study measures the degree of jobs-housing balance in county area by constructing the benefit index of jobs-housing balance and explores factors affecting the jobs-housing balance in county area by using logistic regression, random forest classification, and regression tree. Results: Firstly, with 57% of the residents have achieved the standard, the level of jobs-housing balance in Zoucheng County is relatively high. Secondly, individual, household and built environment dimensions jointly affect jobs-housing balance of residents. Furthermore, at the current stage of China’s county areas, household is not the core dimension influencing jobs-housing balance. Thirdly, factors that passed the significance test can be divided into three categories: key factors, important factors, and auxiliary factors. Occupation type, commuting way and residential location are the key factors affecting the jobs-housing balance, which deserve our attention. Therefore, according to the above conclusions, relevant suggestions for promoting jobs-housing balance of residents in county area were put forward. For instance, considering the diverse occupation of local residents, employments that match their skills should be offered, and as for peri-urbanization areas, the regulatory of jobs-housing balance should be placed in urban and rural areas.
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Das, Subhasish, Soma Rani Dey und Khandaker Tarequl Islam. „Breast feeding practice in a selected peri urban area of Bangladesh“. Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 33, Nr. 3 (30.08.2022): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v33i3.61374.
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Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) offers optimum growth and development up to first six month of life. In Bangladesh, 55% of children less than 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed according to BDHS 2014.the aim of the study is to assess the exclusive breast feeding practice and associated factors among children in peri- urban area of Bangladesh. Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study conducted at Jhalkuri under Narayanganj districts during the period of July to December 2014. Total 109 mothers having infants aged 6-12 months interviewed and included in this study. Results: It was found that only 26(24%) mother went for regular antenatal checkup and remaining 83 (76%) had irregular antenatal check up. But none of them got breastfeeding advice during antenatal visit. Knowledge about breast milk as first food in 44(40%) mother. Mother informed to breast feeding exclusively upto six months only 53 (48%).Breastfeeding was initiated with in 1 hour of birth in 42(39%) cases and 67 (61%) cases after 1hour of birth. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was found in 43 (40%) children. Among them 34 (79%) were children of housewife mothers. Mixed feeding (breast milk plus formula/ cow’s milk) was given to 52 children among them 25 (49%) were the children of housewife mothers. Only formula milk was given to 14 children of them 5(35%) were the children of housewife mothers. Exclusive breast milk was not given by 26(39%) mothers due to job or other occupation whereas 40(61%) mother did not give EBF due to insufficient breast milk. Conclusion: In the study rate of exclusive breast feeding was 40%. This is lower compare to national level. This study also showed that frequency of exclusive breast feeding practice was lower in working mothers than housewife mothers. This study also showed that the speculation of not getting sufficient milk was one of the main reasons for not giving exclusive breastfeeding. Bangladesh J Medicine 2022; 33: 274-279
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Crisigiovanni, Enzo Luigi, Elynton Alves do Nascimento, Rodrigo Felipe Bedim Godoy, Paulo Costa de Oliveira-Filho, Carlos Magno de Sousa Vidal und Kelly Geronazzo Martins. „Inadequate riparian zone use directly decreases water quality of a low-order urban stream in southern Brazil“. Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 15, Nr. 2 (26.03.2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2451.
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Considering the current importance watercourses quality conservation, it is important to establish relationships between parameters that enable evaluation of the origins of changes in water quality, allowing actions to mitigate them. However, it is important to improve the association of different variables and to take sufficient samples. This study associates usual techniques and parameters to analyse the water quality of an urban river from Paraná State, Brazil. For this, we used biological indicators (aquatic macroinvertebrates), physical-chemical (temperature, turbidity, true colour, pH, DO and BOD5,20) indicators and microbiological (faecal and total coliforms) indicators. These indicators were related to land use and occupation classes obtained from high resolution QuickBird 2 images. For this association, the surroundings (450 meters buffer) of three distinct points of the river were considered: I. Near the spring; II. In the downtown city; and III. In a residential neighbourhood. Different values of physical, chemical and microbiological variables were detected along the river, showing evident relationships between them and with the use and occupation of the urban and peri-urban space in the characterization of surface waters. The association design was able to detect the landscape effect on water quality in a coherent way and that these connections were mainly related to suppression of the riparian forest present in the surroundings, further demonstrating the importance of this vegetation for the maintenance of watercourse quality.
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Farah, Abdelouhed, Ahmed Algouti, Abdellah Algouti, Essaadia Adaze und Mohammed Ifkirne. „Remote Sensing for Land Use Mapping, Case of The Study Area: Urban Commune of Saada, Morocco“. Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Studies 2, Nr. 1 (20.02.2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeas.2021.2.1.3.
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The phenomenon of urban planning in favor of agricultural land on the outskirts of the city of Marrakech is in full expansion. The study of land use changes is of pivotal interest for the knowledge, management, monitoring, surveillance, and evaluation of our environment. Indeed, the city of Marrakech has been experiencing exponential population growth for several decades. This phenomenon has led to a dynamic urban characterized by the increase and densification of urbanized areas (e.g. buildings and infrastructures) which leads to the occupation of natural spaces. To this end, this study aims at highlighting the mapping and evolution of land use in the city of Marrakech from Landsat satellite image data (1989, 2005 and 2020) through the application of the Image classification using Machine Learning algorithms with the QGis Orfeo Toolbox, which facilitate the production of land use maps at three dates as well as an evolution map of the conurbation and also to quantify the obtained results. The directions of extension of the urban area were defined and thus demonstrate its impact on the agricultural land located in the peri-urban area.
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Paulose, Tsegab, Zerish Zethu Nkosi und Misganu Endriyas. „Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors in Hawassa city administration, Southern Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional study“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 3 (01.03.2022): e0264679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264679.
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Background In association with the epidemiological, nutritional and demographic transition, many research findings showed that the number of risk factors that leads to increased prevalence of hypertension in low and middle income countries like Ethiopia is increasing. Several urban specific studies conducted in Ethiopia showed varying prevalence of hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of hypertension and to identify factors associated with hypertension in Hawassa city administration, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross sectional study was carried out in Hawassa city administration in 2017. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 612 study participants. Descriptive statistics was used to describe socio-demographic, behavioral and anthropometric variables. The economic status of household, ‘wealth index’, was constructed by running principal component analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with hypertension at 95%CI. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension was 21.2% (95% CI: 18.1–24.7), (24.5% for urban and 14.7% for peri-urban). About two fifths of hypertension cases (42.3%) were newly diagnosed with elevated blood pressure during data collection. Age, occupation, wealth status, consuming vegetables and animal fat, usual mode of transport, body mass index (BMI), family history of hypertension and existence of diabetes were associated with presence of hypertension at 95%CI. The average diastolic blood pressure for urban was 2.18mmHg higher than that of peri-urban groups (p-0.01). Conclusion More than one fifth of study participants had hypertension and about two fifths of hypertension cases were newly diagnosed. Health communication should be strengthened focusing on identified risk factors and attention should be given to early detect and tackle the effects of hypertension in resource limited setting.
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Sunardi, Sunardi, Miranti Ariyani, Rina Febriani, Ghea Sakti Maharani, Regina Hoi Yee Fu und Ryo Fujikura. „Rebuilding Livelihood of the Rural and Peri-Urban Resettlers in Post-Involuntary Displacement of Saguling Dam Construction“. Journal of Asian Development 5, Nr. 1 (02.01.2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jad.v5i1.14421.
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The construction of dams and reservoirs often comprises the displacement of not only communities but also the livelihood of the communities itself. This study aims to explore the effects of Saguling Dam construction on the livelihood re-establishment of the displaced people, by paying more attention on the sociographic localities of the new settlement, i.e. the rural and peri-urban areas. A survey was conducted on two groups of resettlers equiped with structured questionnaire. The results indicated that the project has imposed hardship on the displaced people in the process of livelihood re-establishment. Beside changes and lost of occupation, lost of resources, and insufficient cash compensation, sociographic localities of the two groups determined their social capital, which was also vital to their livelihood reconstruction.
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Charles, Gouamene Didier, Oura Kouadio Raphael und Ouattara Sahoti. „Etalement Urbain Et Tensions Foncieres Dans Les Villages Peripheriques De Daloa (Centre-Ouest, Cote d’Ivoire)“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, Nr. 35 (31.12.2017): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n35p217.
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The city of Daloa, located in the Ivorian west-centre, is experiencing a rapid spatial growth in recent years due to the acceleration of urbanization. This phenomenon, which should logically constitute an opportunity, because of the consumer market that it represents for the peri-urban villages, is becoming one of the causes of the tensions, then weakening social cohesion. The current urban dynamics cause the problem of space occupation by buildings and the destruction of natural and land resources around the city. Faced with this urban sprawl, which is increasingly aggressive and capable of swallowing up all the surrounding rural areas, the village communities express their concern over the transformation of their regions. In this framework, where the fear of the future has settled in the countryside and where land has become a major issue, the resulting competition for land is more than ever strengthened. This has resulted in land tensions that undermine their resilience faced with the scale of urbanization. The study, which is based on the dual quantitative and qualitative approach, aims to understand both the link between land tensions and urban spread and the perception and strategies developed by rural populations faced with urban pressure.
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Vaidya, Abhinav, Natalia Oli, Alexandra Krettek und Gabriele Eiben. „Preference of Food-items and Physical Activity of Peri-urban Children in Bhaktapur“. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 15, Nr. 2 (15.09.2017): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v15i2.18205.
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Background: Though cardiovascular diseases are mostly seen in adulthood, foundation of diet and physical activity is largely formed during childhood. The study aimed to explore children’s preference for diet and physical activity in a peri-urban area of Nepal because this is an important dimension to explore in the life-course approach to combat non-communicable diseases.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to enquire young peri-urban children of Duwakot and Jhaukhel villages of Bhaktapur district, Nepal on their preferences for diet and physical activity. All eligible households with children in the age range 5-10 years as enlisted from the Jhaukhel-Duwakot Health Demographic Surveillance Site database were selected for the study. Twelve enumerators visited the selected households and facilitated the eligible children to fill in the questionnaire. We used a child-friendly photo-assisted questionnaire with face-scales that easily enabled the children to select a particular preference for each of the food item and physical activity. During analysis, food items were categorized into ‘green’, ‘yellow’ and ‘red’ on the basis of their nutritive values. Physical activity was categorized based on severity of the activity. Results: Four hundred and thirty seven children filled up the questionnaires. Overall, median preference scores for ‘red’ food were higher than for healthier ‘green’ food (4.16 vs. 4.03), particularly, if mothers were self-employed. Likewise, the children preferred low over moderate-to-severe physical activity (4.16 vs. 3.50), and preference was affected by parents’ occupation and income. Conclusions: The study objectively revealed that most of the children preferred unhealthier food-items and low physical activities. It shall be useful to consider these findings while planning health promotional activities targeted at them.Keywords: Children; diet; preferences; Nepal; physical activity.
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Tavares, A. O., R. L. Pato und M. C. Magalhães. „Spatial and temporal land use change and occupation over the last half century in a peri-urban area“. Applied Geography 34 (Mai 2012): 432–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.01.009.
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Santos, Allita Rezende dos, Renato Carneiro Fernandes da Silva, Leonardo Campos de Assis und Frederico Fábio Mauad. „Defining environmental conservation levels considering anthropic activity in the Uberaba River Basin protected area“. Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, Nr. 1 (02.01.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2279.
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Environmental conservation of river basins in general is essential for water quality and ecological maintenance, especially in spring areas. Despite being characterized as a Conservation Unit (CU) of Sustainable Use (SU), the Uberaba River Basin highlands are highly influenced by anthropic activities. The aim of this study was to determine different levels of conservation required to maintain environmental quality. The Multicriteria evaluation method was used as follows: i) applied fuzzy membership functions to standardization of the continuous data values or reclassified when categorical criteria; (ii) established criteria ranking through the pairwise relative importance comparison approach by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and; (iii) performed Weighted Linear Combination (WLC). The selected criteria were maps of the: land cover obtained by supervised classification of a satellite image, with 94% of Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA); soil types, slope; distances from rivers, roads; railways and urban limits. A main outcome of the criteria evaluated is a map of continuous data values expressing distinct levels of environmental conservation requirements. The highest values that express the need for conservation occurred near the ridgetop, corresponding to forest land cover, high slope and hydromorphic soils. The lowest values were observed in the peri-urban areas, in more stable soil and soil cover with a higher degree of occupation. It is concluded that the resulting map can assist in decision-making regarding proper management of the area, to achieve sustainability in the application of occupation policies.
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Coulibaly, Brahima, und Shixiang Li. „Impact of Agricultural Land Loss on Rural Livelihoods in Peri-Urban Areas: Empirical Evidence from Sebougou, Mali“. Land 9, Nr. 12 (24.11.2020): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120470.
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This study was part of a larger analysis of the framework of sustainable rural livelihoods in the face of urban sprawl in peri-urban rural areas of Mali. Contrary to the existing literature, which has mostly focused on issues of land rights in Mali due to the fact of urbanization, this study analyzed the consequences of urbanization in the city of Ségou on the major sources of livelihoods for residents in the neighboring rural municipality of Sebougou. Three villages in the municipality of Sebougou were selected due to the fact of their proximity to the city of Ségou. We interviewed 120 randomly sampled family heads using a structured questionnaire. The respondents were owners of farmlands or people who had lost their land as a result of urbanization. We analyzed the data using multi-linear and logistic regression models. The results showed that age, occupation, land size, and level of education had significant positive impacts on the farmers’ annual family income, while family size and gender exerted negative effects. Low-yield lands and youth emigration increased the likelihood of farmers losing their lands to urbanization. Conversely, land size, yearly income, and age had negative predictive effects on agrarian land loss. The results highlight the need for land management authorities to implement policies to protect agricultural land.
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FAHMI, DESTARIO SAGITA. „PERUBAHAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT PERI-URBAN SERTA POTENSINYA SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SOSIOLOGI DI SMA/MA“. SECONDARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Menengah 2, Nr. 3 (11.08.2022): 370–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51878/secondary.v2i3.1410.
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This study aims to examine the social changes of the Kunciran community of Tangerang City caused by the development of the Alam Sutera area of ??Tangerang while at the same time trying to explain its potential as a sociological learning material in the classroom on social change material. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection through observation, interviews, and literature study. The results showed that there were social changes in the community in the form of 1) changes in community occupation from agriculture to non-agriculture, 2) changes in the land tenure system, 3) changes in the system of social relations. Social change in the people of Tangerang City can be used as a sociological learning material for social change material that includes cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. In the cognitive aspect, students can understand and explain the material of social change in theory, form, and impact of social change. In the affective aspect, students can respond to various social changes that occur in society. In the psychomotor aspect, students can make simple scientific writings from the results of simple research on social changes that occur in the surrounding environment and discuss the results of their research in front of the class. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan sosial masyarakat Kunciran Kota Tangerang yang disebabkan karena adanya pembangunan kawasan Alam Sutera Tangerang sekaligus mencoba menjelaskan potensinya sebagai bahan pembelajaran sosiologi di kelas pada materi perubahan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan sosial pada masyarakat berupa 1) berubahnya okupasi masyarakat dari pertanian ke non-pertanian, 2) perubahan pada sistem kepemilikan lahan, 3) perubahan pada sistem relasi sosial. Perubahan sosial masyarakat di Kota Tangerang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai media pembelajaran sosiologi pada materi perubahan sosial yang mencakup aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik. Pada aspek kognitif, peserta didik dapat memahami dan menjelaskan materi perubahan sosial secara teoritis, bentuk, dan dampak perubahan sosial. Pada aspek afektif, peserta didik dapat menyikapi berbagai perubahan sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat. Pada aspek psikomotorik, peserta didik dapat membuat tulisan ilmiah sederhana dari hasil penelitian sederhana mengenai perubahan sosial yang terjadi di lingkungan sekitarnya serta mendiskusikan hasil penelitiannya di depan kelas.
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K.C., C., und H. K. Panta. „Financial Profitability of Production and Marketing of Buffalo Milk in Lalitpur District, Nepal“. Economic Journal of Development Issues 34, Nr. 1-2 (31.12.2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejdi.v34i1-2.63655.
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Dairying is considered as a prestigious occupation among the agricultural sub-sectors in Lalitpur. The production of milk is concentrated in the peri urban and rural areas with the increase in demand for fresh milk in the urban areas. This study was conducted to analyse the economics of the production and marketing of buffalo milk in Lalitpur district, Nepal. This research was conducted from July 2021 to July 2022 collecting data from 123 respondents including farmers, collectors, key informants, and cooperatives working for milk related functions in Lalitpur district. The cost of rearing a milking buffalo was estimated NPR 5,762 per month, with the highest share of feed cost (47.8%) followed by labor cost (21.5%) and animal cost (13.1%). Results of Cobb-Douglas production function showed an increasing return to scale for milk production. Gross income, net income (per buffalo per month), and BCR were NPR 13,828, NPR 8,066, and 1.4, respectively. The cost of producing milk at the farmer’s level was far low than the National Dairy Development Board reported cost of production. The estimated mean technical efficiency was 92.41% for buffalo grower in a range of 88- 98%. Average monthly marketed surplus which was 92.7% of total production was around 3.05% less than the marketable surplus. Among the four milk marketing channels for buffalo milk supply, the longest channel i.e. Farmer-Collector-Large milk processors-Consumer has the highest price spread of 50.59% and producers’ share of 49.4%. The shortest channel i.e. Farmer – Collector –Consumer has the estimated price spread of 9.89% and producers’ share of 91.03%. Improving production and productivity is important in order to improve profit. The extension workers are suggested to make efforts and motivate farmers to acquire technical and management knowledge to increase dairy producers’ profits. Infrastructure development was below the standard for milking buffalo keeping and selling. Improving these weaknesses, study further suggest turning peri-urban regions of Lalitpur district as the primary milk production location within Kathmandu valley.
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Flores Gómez, Geomara, Tania Crisanto-Perrazo, Theofilos Toulkeridis, Greta Fierro-Naranjo, Paulina Guevara-García, Eduardo Mayorga-Llerena, Diego Vizuete-Freire, Esthela Salazar und Izar Sinde-Gonzalez. „Proposal of an Initial Environmental Management and Land Use for Critical Cemeteries in Central Ecuador“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 3 (29.01.2022): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031577.
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Cemeteries are sites for the final disposal of human bodies that constitute a source of contamination of soil and water as a result of the cadaveric decomposition generated. The current research performed an initial study on the contamination of soil and water due to the influence of cemeteries and verified compliance with the legislation regulating land use and occupation of Central Ecuador (PUGS) with the aim of proposing an environmental and territorial solution to the problems generated by the mismanagement of cemeteries, through the physicochemical analysis of soil and water and studies of land use compatibility. The results indicate the tendency of contamination caused by the studied cemeteries, since the samples taken in both the rainy and dry season for the measurement of parameters BOD5, COD, DO, pH and electrical conductivity fail to meet the established requirements of the Ecuadorian and international environmental regulations. In addition, land use conflicts were encountered in the cemetery grounds. It is concluded that the existing cemeteries should be subjected to more detailed environmental analysis and subsequently should be treated as security landfills in the closure and post-closure stage. Also, it has been concluded that the cemeteries should not be located in urban or peri-urban areas.
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Pratomo, Rahmat Aris, D. Ary A. Samsura und Erwin van der Krabben. „Transformation of Local People’s Property Rights Induced by New Town Development (Case Studies in Peri-Urban Areas in Indonesia)“. Land 9, Nr. 7 (21.07.2020): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9070236.
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New town development as a form of large-scale development is not a new phenomenon, particularly in developing countries. This development mainly takes place in peri-urban areas due to the high pressure caused by the growing population and the lack of facilities and infrastructure in city centres. As an effect, local communities who originally occupied the land often lose their rights over the property their livelihood might have relied on. Property rights can be grouped differently, classified according to different bundles: appropriation, ownership, and formality of rights. This paper investigates to what extent new town development in Indonesia has affected the property rights of local communities, in terms of the transformation of rights and security level. Moreover, it examines to what extent this transformation has been affected by urbanisation pressure. Ample attention is paid to the transformation of various bundles of rights concerning different usage of property, both residential and cultivated land. A total of 252 questionnaires were distributed to three different locations of new towns in Indonesia. A before-after analysis was employed to identify the transformation of the property rights and their security level, followed by multiple linear regression analysis to observe the influence of the urbanisation pressure to the security level. The research reveals that the transformation of property rights of local residents mainly concerns the appropriation rights. The analysis also indicates that there is a tendency that the security level decreases. Statistically, this appears to be affected by urbanisation pressure variables: type of land, land use, and occupation. With this study, we offer on the one hand a conceptual framework for assessing property rights, while on the other hand, we provide empirical evidence regarding the effects of new town development on property rights transformation and its security level.
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Awoyelu, F. E., und R. A. Mebo. „Effects of sand mining on peri-urban agriculture in Ife East and Ife Central Local Government Areas, Osun State, Nigeria.“ Agro-Science 21, Nr. 3 (09.03.2023): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i3.12.
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There is virtually no information on the effects of artisanal sand mining on peri-urban agriculture in Nigeria in general and Osun State in particular. This study assessed the effects of sand mining on peri-urban agriculture in Ife East and Ife Central Local Government Areas of Osun State during 2015-2019. In effect, the study sought to identify and explain the rate and extent of changes in land uses in the study area, evaluate the level of encroachment of sand mining activities into other land use classifications, and examine socioeconomic factors that determined parting of land for sand mining by landowners in the study area between 2015 and 2019. Data were generated from both primary and secondary sources. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 60 landowners, 30 cultivators and 30 residents giving a total of 120 respondents using structured questionnaire. Mean ages of landowners, farmers and residents were 67.9 years, 39.6 years and 47.3 years respectively. Majority (68.3%) of landowners had no formal education, while majority (73.3%) and (90%) of farmers and residents had formal education. Majority (68.3%) of landowners were farmers while majority (66.7%) and (76.7%) of farmers and residents were employees of governments. Majority (93.3%) of landowners were males, 100% of farmers were males. Cultivated land area decreased from 48% to 23.2% (–24.8%), built-up area increased from 37.3% to 41.8% (4.5%) while sand-mined area substantially increased from 14.6% to 35% (20.4%). Parting of land for sand mining increased with increasing age, household size and primary occupation being farming while parting of land for sand mining decreased with higher level of education. It is therefore recommended that all levels of government in the country should embark on close monitoring of land use to prevent frequent occurrence of land and environmental degradation. Additionally, Land Use Act of 1978 should be reviewed by bringing all stakeholders together to deliberate on how to prevent multiple land ownership and conflicts.
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E. YAOVI, Enagnon Arsène, Martial WOROU, Bola A. MALOMON und Sylvain A. VISSOH. „Gouvernance Du Foncier Agricole Dans L’arrondissement De Zinvie : Enjeux Et Perspectives“. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 34, Nr. 1 (20.09.2022): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v34.1.4573.
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RésuméL’urbanisation dans l’Arrondissement de Zinvié évolue à un rythme accéléré, ce qui entraîne une occupation anarchique du sol et une consommation incontrôlée de l’espace notamment agricole. La présente recherche vise à contribuer à une meilleure gouvernance du foncier agricole dans l’Arrondissement de Zinvié.Pour atteindre les objectifs fixés dans le cadre de cette recherche, des investigations ont été faites à partir de la collecte des données et informations aux moyens de la recherche documentaire, des observations directes sur le terrain, des entretiens et enquêtes auprès de 109 personnes. Les résultats obtenus ont été analysés à l’aide du modèle SWOT. Les résultats montrent que la location est le mode dominant d’accès à la terre agricole dans l’Arrondissement de Zinvié avec 50 %. La tendance est donc à la location dans le secteur de recherche même s’il ne se substitue pas à l’héritage qui vient en deuxième position (35 %). L’urbanisation entraîne dans l’Arrondissement de Zinvié, la perte de terres cultivables au profit de l’habitat. De 2010 à 2020, la superficie des mosaïques de champ et jachère a connu une réduction de 517,69 ha en passant de 9109,11 ha à 8591,42 ha. Il urge que les autorités locales amorcent une véritable maîtrise foncière agricole dans l’arrondissement de Zinvié et dans l’espace périurbain en général pour un développement local durable.Mots clés : Zinvié, foncier, gouvernance foncière, agriculture périurbaine, enjeux AbstractUrbanization in the District of Zinvie is evolving at an accelerated pace, which leads to an anarchic occupation of the land and an uncontrolled consumption of space, particularly agricultural. This research aims to contribute to better governance of agricultural land in the Arrondissement of Zinvié.To achieve the objectives set within the framework of this research, investigations were made from the collection of data and information by means of documentary research, direct observations in the field, interviews and surveys of 109 people. The results obtained were analyzed using the SWOT model.The results show that renting is the dominant mode of access to agricultural land in the Arrondissement of Zinvié with 50%. The trend is therefore towards rental in the search sector even if it does not replace inheritance, which comes in second place (35%). Urbanization leads in the Arrondissement of Zinvié to the loss of cultivable land in favor of housing. From 2010 to 2020, the area of field and fallow mosaics decreased by 517.69 ha from 9109.11 ha to 8591.42 ha. It is urgent that the local authorities begin a real agricultural land control in the district of Zinvié and in the peri-urban space in general for sustainable local development. Keywords: Zinvié, land, land governance, peri-urban agriculture, issues
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Nguyen-Tien, Thang, Long Thanh Pham, Duoc Trong Vu, Son Hai Tran, Lieu Thi Vu, Vuong Nghia Bui, Anh Ngoc Bui et al. „Knowledge and practice on prevention of mosquito-borne diseases in livestock-keeping and non-livestock-keeping communities in Hanoi city, Vietnam: A mixed-method study“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 2 (04.02.2021): e0246032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246032.
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Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are causing high morbidity and mortality for humans. Urban livestock keeping is still common in cities around the world. The animals may serve as reservoirs for zoonotic MBDs, which increase the risks for humans. Here we assess the knowledge and practices related to MBDs in households with livestock and without livestock and explore the perceptions of the health care sector about MBDs and livestock keeping in Hanoi city of Vietnam in a cross-sectional study. A quantitative survey was conducted including 513 households with and without livestock-keeping in six districts and complemented with qualitative surveys with four health staff from Hanoi Center of Disease Control and three district health centers. The quantitative survey indicated that the participants possessed basic knowledge on MBDs with an average score of 18.3 out of 35, of which non-livestock-keeping households had a better knowledge than households keeping livestock (p<0.05). Both household categories had low score, 3.5 out of 11, regarding preventive practices against MBDs. The negative binomial model showed that occupation and location of living were factors associated to the knowledge on MBDs. Farmers were likely to have better preventive practices as compared to office workers (p<0.05). Those who had better knowledge also had more adequate preventive practices against MBDs (p<0.001). The qualitative survey revealed that livestock keeping was determined as increasing risks of MBDs due to the increase of mosquito population. It is recommended that community campaigns to raise the awareness and change behavior on MBDs should be organized based on collaboration between the health sector and the veterinary sector for households with and without livestock living in central urban and peri-urban areas. Further studies are needed to confirm the association between urban livestock keeping and potential increasing risks of MBDs such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis.
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Pandey, Vivek Kumar, Pradeep Aggarwal und Rakesh Kakkar. „Modified BG Prasads Socio-economic Classification-2018: The need of an update in the present scenario“. Indian Journal of Community Health 30, Nr. 1 (31.03.2018): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2018.v30i01.014.
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Modified BG Prasad socioeconomic scale has been in use for determining the socio-economic status of study subjects in community-based health studies in India since 1961.It is an income-based scale and, therefore, constant update is required to take inflation and depreciation of rupee into account. For industrial workers (IW), the consumer price index (CPI) is used to calculate updated income categories at any given point of time, viz Jan 2018.These details of the calculations involved will help many researchers to calculate specific income categories for their ongoing and prospective research work in current calendar year. On the Department of Labour website (www.labourbureaunew.gov.in), state-specific CPI values are also available and should be used to determine more accurate income categories.The current exercise is a step towards increasing the validity of use of classification with relevance to the current price levels and enabling a real time update for a considerable time in the near future.The health behavior of an individual or a community is interdependent on their socio-economic status. The concept of socio-economic status is widely used in medical sociology. The social standing of an individual or a family in the society can be measured by it. Therefore, is an important factor affecting the health condition of an individual or a family. (1)Socio-economic status has been defined as “The position that an individual or family occupies with reference to the prevailing average standards of cultural and material possessions, income and participation in group activity of the community”. The social status may be inherited, but in modern society it is achieved on the basis of occupation, income, type of housing and neighborhood, membership of the certain associations and organizations, material, possessions, etc. (2)In India, several methods or scales have been developed for classifying different populations based on their socio-economic status, viz. Parikh scale 1964, Shirpurkar scale 1967, Jalota scale 1970, Kulsherestha scale 1972, Srivastava scale 1978, Bharadwaj scale 2001. (3-8)Modified BG Prasad’s classification that is used for both urban and rural areas. Modified Kuppuswamy classification is used in urban and peri urban areas which considers the education of the head of family, occupation of head of the family and per capita monthly income.(9,10) Another classification for rural areas is Uday Pareekh classification which takes into account following characteristics namely caste
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Adomah-Afari, Augustine, und Akua Kyekye Addo-Kwafo. „Factors Influencing Utilisation of Hernia Care among Women Seeking Surgical Healthcare: A Study of a Peri-urban Health Facility in Eastern Ghana“. Asian Journal of Medicine and Health 21, Nr. 11 (06.10.2023): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11928.
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Aims: To assess factors associated with the utilization of quality hernia care among female adults seeking healthcare.
Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used.
Place and Duration of Study: Nsawam Government Hospital in the Nsawam-Adoagyiri Municipality of the Eastern Region of Ghana between May 15th and June 15th, 2022.
Methodology: We applied a quantitative research method where both self-administered and interviewer-administered strategies were applied to administer a structured questionnaire. A consecutive sampling approach was used to recruit a total of 180 women who sought surgical care. Data was analyzed using STATA version 15 Software. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were applied to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The level of significance was accepted at P=.05 at a 95% confidence interval.
Results: Overall, 180 women took part in the study out of the estimated sample size of 189, giving a response rate of 95.2%. The proportion of hernia among the women was 56% out of which the common types were umbilical hernia (32%) and incisional hernia (12%). The rate of utilization of hernia care was 75%. Logistic regression showed that marital status (being single) (aOR = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.002-0.20; P =.001), occupation (traders) (aOR = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.003-0.35; P = .004), and reliance on traditional healers (aOR = 0.11; 95% CI = 0.02-0.74; P = .024) were significant predictors of utilization of hernia care.
Conclusion: The study showed a high proportion of hernia cases among women seeking surgical care. The majority of these hernias were inguinal hernia followed by umbilical and incisional hernia. The study suggests that managers at the hospital level, policymakers, and stakeholders in the health sector should ensure the provision of affordable hernia care for women such that early detection would be one of the key strategies to prevent imminent complications or limitations to daily activity.
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Olabomi, Rasaq Adekunle, Jide Ogundola, Ajari Momohjimoh Yakubu, Abimbola G. Bola, Victor A Adetoro und Obinna W Nwubani. „SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL ECONOMY IN NIGERIA“. SOCIO ECONOMY AND POLICY STUDIES 1, Nr. 2 (28.04.2021): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/seps.02.2021.72.78.
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More than 50 percent of Nigerian total population resides in the rural areas with farming as their major occupation and means economic sustenance. Hence rural areas in Nigeria have the potentials to contribute significantly to the national socio-economic development through sustainable agriculture. However, unlike in the past when Nigerian agricultural sector used to be a strong sustainer of the economy through provision of food for the population and raw materials for the industries, general infrastructural deficit and neglect of the rural communities have diminished the attractiveness of agriculture, leaving it for the poor in the society. This is due, partly to the advent of crude oil in Nigeria and has led to poverty, hunger, malnutrition, and diseases in the rural communities. Nigerian government had however taken a number of measures towards agricultural development; these include River Basin Development Authority, HANCOR Borrowers, and a number of other initiatives. However, a larger percentage of the beneficiaries of these developmental efforts have always been in the urban and peri-urban centres, with minimum or no effect of the initiatives in the rural communities. This paper therefore review Nigerian agricultural development challenges and issues, and proposes rural economic development through sustainable agricultural infrastructure with focus on integrated approach involving the use of renewable energy, post-harvest processing, and agro-training program. This approach takes beneficiaries integration into consideration from design to execution of the programme, thereby ensuring their total commitment. This would improve agricultural productivity for immediate consumption and for industrial use, as well as prevent post-harvest waste, with improvement in the marketing systems of farm produces and rural farmers’ economy and living standards.
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Chalo, Stela Lucas, Eliakunda Mafie, Abdul Katakweba und Ernatus Mkupasi. „The community knowledge, awareness, and practices influencing transmission of toxoplasmosis in Mbeya District, Tanzania“. Journal of Ideas in Health 6, Nr. 2 (19.05.2023): 836–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.vol6.iss2.278.
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Background: Toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii is an important but neglected zoonotic disease of global distribution. The study aimed at evaluating community knowledge, awareness, and practices linked to transmission and control of the disease among the residents of urban and peri-urban areas of Mbeya District, Tanzania. Methods: A cross-section study was conducted from January 2022 to March 2022 in the Mbeya district. A semi-structured questionnaire was self-administered to gather information on social demographic characteristics, knowledge, and risk behaviors related to toxoplasma infection, chi squire was employed to test the difference where p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 100 respondents were recruited. The majority (38.0%) of the respondents were aged 26 - 35 years and (49.0%) had attained primary education. The average mean age was 35.6 (+ 11.5 SD), 57% were male while 43.0% were female. Only 22 percent of the respondents were aware of toxoplasmosis and among them, 10 percent were aware of the clinical manifestations of the disease and 20 percent knew the mode of the disease transmission. Identified risk practices include lack of deworming in cats (81.0%), outdoor cats management (60.0%), disposal of cats' faces in gardens (36.0%), use of cats in controlling rodents (41.0%), and not wearing gloves during gardening (77.0%). Children are noted to be at the highest risk of contracting the disease as they are greatly involved in caring for cats. (49.0%). The knowledge of the disease was found to be associated with sex (males) p value= of 0.041, occupation (medical employees) p-value =0.002, and high level of education of the respondents' p value =0.000.\. Conclusion: The study revealed a low level of knowledge of the participants and practiced risky behaviors for disease transmission. Thus, we recommend to relevant authorities to offer education to the community concerning Toxoplasmosis.
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Kanyi, Lamin. „Factors Influencing Knowledge and Attitude of Mothers Towards Immunization of Children Under-Five Years in Farato, Gambia“. TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 9, Nr. 4 (28.12.2021): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.09.04.art016.
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Globally, immunization coverage dropped from 86% in 2019 to 83% in 2020. An estimated 23 million children under one year did not receive basic vaccines, which is the highest number since 2009. Thus, this study aimed at identifying factors influencing the knowledge and attitude of mothers of under-five children towards immunization in Farato, The Gambia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the peri-urban community of Farato. A sample of 132 mothers were conveniently sampled and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies, and proportions were used to present the results of this study. The study revealed a low level of knowledge of mothers towards immunization. About 25% of mothers cannot clearly explain immunization; 23% knew that the first vaccine dose should be administered to a child at birth or soon after, and 60% were found to be unaware if their children were immunized. This indicates that the concept of immunization is not even clear to mothers and also showcased inadequate knowledge. However, 70% highlighted that immunization prevents infections and enhances child survival. Inadequate knowledge about immunization, literacy and education level, occupation of mothers, inadequate information from health workers, and limited information among mothers were major influencing factors to drop-out of immunization uptake. The study suggests that mothers need to be taught what immunization is about and its importance to children. At health facilities and clinic sites, health workers need to continue communicating to mothers on the importance of immunization to enlighten them about immunization.
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Jainonthee, Chalita, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger und Warangkhana Chaisowwong. „Impacts of the Pandemic, Animal Source Food Retailers’ and Consumers’ Knowledge and Attitudes toward COVID-19, and Their Food Safety Practices in Chiang Mai, Thailand“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 16 (17.08.2022): 10187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610187.
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The COVID-19 pandemic affected the food supply chain, retailers, and consumers owing to infection awareness. This study evaluated the impacts COVID-19 on ASF retailers’ businesses and consumers’ livelihoods, as well as their knowledge toward the disease, attitudes, and food safety practices to prevent infections. The study includes a cross-sectional component that was conducted in urban/peri-urban (U/PU) and rural areas in Chiang Mai province. In another part of the study, a structured questionnaire was developed for animal source food (ASF) retailers and consumers, with three primary parts for data analysis: general information, COVID-19 impacts, and knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) assessment. Data corresponding to three periods of interest (before the COVID-19 outbreak, during partial lockdown, and present) were gathered and analyzed. In this study, 155 retailers and 150 consumers participated, of which the majority of the respondents were female (70.3% and 82.7%, respectively) with average ages of 47.4 and 44.9 years, respectively. The most noticeable effect of COVID-19 was a decline in income for retailers and consumers. The KAP scores of consumers in both areas were not significantly different, whereas the retailer attitudes toward COVID-19 prevention and food safety practices scored more highly in rural areas than in U/PU. During the partial lockdown, food safety practices significantly improved relative to the time preceding the outbreak, and these practices have remained constant to the present day. The results revealed that gender, age group, business type, and type of ASF retailers were associated with the KAP of the retailers, whereas gender, age group, education, number of family members, and occupation were associated with the KAP of the consumers. Our findings provide in-depth information about the effects of COVID-19 on ASF retailers and consumers, as well as their KAP regarding the outbreak and food safety, which may serve as support in developing policies for improved health and food safety.
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Sánchez Correa, Lilly Areli, Ma Guadalupe Noemi Uehara Guerrero und Arturo Velázquez Ruiz. „Crítica al registro de nuevas incorporaciones urbanas“. UVserva, Nr. 12 (25.10.2021): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/uvs.vi12.2774.
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La expansión urbana, como uno de los tipos de crecimiento de la ciudad, es analizada a partir de las causas que originan diversas posibilidades de orientación y emplazamiento de la población, en función de sus capacidades socio económicas y preferencias en la selección del sitio para habitar. De esta forma, el espacio urbano dinamiza su configuración por la creación constante de unidades que se agregan a la ciudad inicial, ocupadas por población de diferentes estratos sociales pero con el común denominador de estar inmersos, en cualquiera de sus niveles, en la estructura económica urbana. En este sentido, se considera que el análisis del estado actual y el planteamiento de estrategias a futuro, requiere captar información cuantitativa del proceso de expansión generado, para entender al menos la dinámica urbana y tratar de ejercer un control sobre los ritmos y orientaciones de tal crecimiento. La propuesta planteada refiere a la formulación y sistematización de un registro de unidades propiciadas por expansión, a partir de hacer una lectura crítica reflexiva a la estadística demográfica oficial, cuyos intereses en los conteos de población -eficientes en sus fines- divergen del conocimiento fehaciente de las tendencias de expansión, al incrementar la población rural y desconocer el crecimiento urbano, mediante el conteo de unidades residenciales, ya sean fraccionamientos de interés social de alta densificación en proceso de ocupación o en otros casos, desarrollos inmobiliarios periurbanos habitados por población urbana de altos ingresos y bajas densidades, registrando ambas realidades como localidades rurales. Criticism of the registration of new urban incorporationsUrban expansion, as one of the types of growth of the city, is analysed from the causes that deliver several possibilities of placement of the population, depending on its socio-economic level and preferences at choosing the place to live. In this way, urban space energizes its configuration by the constant creation of residential units that are added to the original city, occupied by populations of different social strata but with the common denominator of being immersed, at any of its levels, in the urban economic structure. In this sense, it is considered that the analysis of the current situation and the approach of future strategies, requires to capture quantitative information of the expansion process, in order to understand at least the urban dynamics and to try to exercise control over the rhythms and orientations of such growth. The proposal put forward concerns about the formulation and systematization of a register of units of expansion, from making a thoughtful critical reading to official demographic statistics, whose interests in population counts -altough efficient in their purposes- diverge from the reliable knowledge of the trends of expansion, by increasing the numbers of rural population and ignoring urban growth, by counting residential units, whether developments of social housing with high densification in the process of occupation or, in other cases, peri-urban real estate developments inhabited by urban population of high income and low densities, registering both realities as rural localities. Keywords: Urban expansion; demographic record; rural locations; fragmentation.
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Sacomboio, Euclides Nenga Manuel, Cruz dos Santos Sebastião, Silvana Teresa da Costa Salvador, Joaquim António João, Daisy Viviana Sebastião Bapolo, Ngiambudulu M. Francisco, Joana Morais und Eduardo Ekundi Valentim. „Evaluation of blood cell count parameters as predictors of treatment failure of malaria in Angola: An observational study“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 5 (05.05.2022): e0267671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267671.
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Background Despite the guidelines provided by the World Health Organization for the treatment of malaria, treatment failure occurs in many hospitalized patients. Objective Evaluate whether blood cell count parameters may serve as predictors for malaria treatment. Methodology A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Results Of the 219 patients, 21.5% showed failure to antimalarial treatment, Patient with 21 and 40 years (72.6%), male (53.4%), from peri-urban area (47.5%), with high parasitemia (59.8%), treated with Arthemeter (90.9%) and the mortality were 5.9%. Significant associations were observed between occupation, level of parasitemia and outcome with resistance to antimalarial treatment (p<0.05). Patients with normal Hb [OR: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.39–1.44), p = 0.393], RBC [OR: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.40–1.72), p = 0.632], RDW [OR: 0.54 (95% CI: 0.27–1.09), p = 0.088], MCV [OR: 0.61 (95% CI: 0.28–1.31), p = 0.204] were less likely to have malaria treatment failures after artemisinin-based therapy failure. In contrast, those with normal values of segmented neutrophils [OR: 0.32 (95% CI: 0.11–0.96), p = 0.042] and lymphocyte counts [OR: 0.24 (95% CI: 0.05–1.04), p = 0.055]. We also found that patients with significant low levels of Hct [OR: 0.31 (95% CI: 0.15–0.64) p = 0.002], and high leukocytes [OR: 8.88 (95% CI: 2.02–37.2), p = 0.004] and normal platelet values [OR: 1.42 (95% CI: 0.73–2.95), p = 0.280] demonstrated high probability of treatment failure. Conclusion The importance of blood cell count parameters in monitoring malaria therapy necessitates the urgent need to re-evaluate Artemether-based therapy. Future studies involving more participants in different settings are needed to provide further evidence.
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Mueller, Valerie, Emily Schmidt, Nancy Lozano und Siobhan Murray. „Implications of Migration on Employment and Occupational Transitions in Tanzania“. International Regional Science Review 42, Nr. 2 (22.01.2018): 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017617751029.
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The overarching message from the growth literature is that a transition from the low-productivity agricultural sector to the high-productivity manufacturing sector is necessary for structural change. Although sub-Saharan Africa has experienced substantial economic growth rates, rural–urban migration contributed very little to this progress. Migration to peri-urban areas may offer prospects for diversification out of agriculture with lower moving costs and job-search frictions than urban centers. We document migration patterns and worker selection into peri-urban and urban areas in Tanzania. Standard spatial classifications mask the prominent phenomenon of peri-urban (rather than rural) to urban migration. Lacking job experience and social networks, many youth moving to urban destinations are more likely to be unemployed. However, conditional on being employed over the two-year period of the study, migration to peri-urban as well as urban areas allows workers to transition from low- to high-valued occupations.
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Miranda, Antônio Carlos da Silva, und Aline Maria Meiguins de Lima. „Voçorocas urbanas e protocolo de avaliação de risco geoambiental aplicado em Açailândia-MA“. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, Nr. 2 (21.04.2022): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.2.p721-735.
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As formas de uso e ocupação do solo sem planejamento tendem a gerar diversos problemas no processo de expansão das cidades, dentre estes, citam-se os riscos geológicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo a análise do impacto das erosões urbanas, com a apresentação de uma proposta de avaliação, tendo como exemplo de aplicação as voçorocas de Açailândia (MA). A metodologia utilizou análises qualitativas e quantitativas, visando compreender a origem do processo erosivo urbano (natural e/ou antrópico) e os efeitos decorrentes dos fenômenos naturais, fatores controladores e das ações antrópicas. Como aplicação do método foram escolhidas duas voçorocas localizadas em áreas com características distintas, sendo uma em zona de transição rural para urbana (periurbana) e a outra em uma área urbaniza. De acordo com os resultados encontrados as voçorocas analisadas são classificadas como muito grande, com volumes erodidos acima de 40.000 m³, tendo elevada influência do crescimento da cidade, implicando na necessidade de procedimentos e ações voltadas a gestão de riscos a desastres erosivos. As formas de uso e ocupação da terra sem planejamento tendem a gerar diversos problemas no processo de expansão das cidades, dentre estes, citam-se os riscos geológicos. Este estudo propõe uma sistemática base de caracterização de voçorocas em ambientes urbanizados, voltada para a análise de risco geoambiental, tendo como exemplo de aplicação as voçorocas de Açailândia (MA). A metodologia utilizou análises qualitativas e quantitativas, visando compreender a origem do processo erosivo urbano (natural e/ou antrópico) e os efeitos decorrentes dos fenômenos naturais, fatores controladores e das ações antrópicas. Como aplicação do método foram escolhidas duas voçorocas localizadas em áreas com características distintas, sendo uma em zona de transição rural para urbana (periurbana) e a outra em uma área urbaniza. De acordo com os resultados encontrados as voçorocas analisadas são classificadas como muito grande, com volumes erodidos acima de 40.000 m³, tendo elevada influência do crescimento da cidade, implicando na necessidade de procedimentos e ações voltadas a gestão de riscos e de redução dos impactos referentes aos processos erosivos.Palavras-chave: Risco geológico, processos erosivos, uso do solo. Urban gullies and geoenvironmental risk assessment protocol applied in Açailândia-MA ABSTRACTThe land use and occupation without planning tend to generate several problems in the process of expansion of the cities, for example, the geological risk. This study proposes a systematic basis for characterizing gullies in urbanized environments, applied for the analysis of geoenvironmental risk, using gullies in Açailândia (MA) as an application example. The methodology used qualitative and quantitative analyzes to understand the origin of the urban erosion process (natural and/or anthropic) and the effects resulting from natural phenomena and controlling by anthropic actions. As application of the method, two gullies located in areas with different characteristics were chosen, one in a rural to urban transition zone (peri-urban) and the other in an urbanized area. According to the results found the gullies analyzed are classified as very large, with the eroded volumes above 40000 m³, with high influence of city growth, which means the need to implement procedures and actions applied to risk management and reduction of impacts regarding the erosion.Keywords: Geological risk, erosion, land use.
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Miranda, Antônio Carlos da Silva, und Aline Maria Meiguins de Lima. „Voçorocas urbanas e protocolo de avaliação de risco geoambiental aplicado em Açailândia-MA“. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, Nr. 2 (14.04.2021): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.2.p492-506.
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As formas de uso e ocupação do solo sem planejamento tendem a gerar diversos problemas no processo de expansão das cidades, dentre estes, citam-se os riscos geológicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo a análise do impacto das erosões urbanas, com a apresentação de uma proposta de avaliação, tendo como exemplo de aplicação as voçorocas de Açailândia (MA). A metodologia utilizou análises qualitativas e quantitativas, visando compreender a origem do processo erosivo urbano (natural e/ou antrópico) e os efeitos decorrentes dos fenômenos naturais, fatores controladores e das ações antrópicas. Como aplicação do método foram escolhidas duas voçorocas localizadas em áreas com características distintas, sendo uma em zona de transição rural para urbana (periurbana) e a outra em uma área urbaniza. De acordo com os resultados encontrados as voçorocas analisadas são classificadas como muito grande, com volumes erodidos acima de 40.000 m³, tendo elevada influência do crescimento da cidade, implicando na necessidade de procedimentos e ações voltadas a gestão de riscos a desastres erosivos. As formas de uso e ocupação da terra sem planejamento tendem a gerar diversos problemas no processo de expansão das cidades, dentre estes, citam-se os riscos geológicos. Este estudo propõe uma sistemática base de caracterização de voçorocas em ambientes urbanizados, voltada para a análise de risco geoambiental, tendo como exemplo de aplicação as voçorocas de Açailândia (MA). A metodologia utilizou análises qualitativas e quantitativas, visando compreender a origem do processo erosivo urbano (natural e/ou antrópico) e os efeitos decorrentes dos fenômenos naturais, fatores controladores e das ações antrópicas. Como aplicação do método foram escolhidas duas voçorocas localizadas em áreas com características distintas, sendo uma em zona de transição rural para urbana (periurbana) e a outra em uma área urbaniza. De acordo com os resultados encontrados as voçorocas analisadas são classificadas como muito grande, com volumes erodidos acima de 40.000 m³, tendo elevada influência do crescimento da cidade, implicando na necessidade de procedimentos e ações voltadas a gestão de riscos e de redução dos impactos referentes aos processos erosivos.Palavras-chave: Risco geológico, processos erosivos, uso do solo. Urban gullies and geoenvironmental risk assessment protocol applied in Açailândia-MA ABSTRACTThe land use and occupation without planning tend to generate several problems in the process of expansion of the cities, for example, the geological risk. This study proposes a systematic basis for characterizing gullies in urbanized environments, applied for the analysis of geoenvironmental risk, using gullies in Açailândia (MA) as an application example. The methodology used qualitative and quantitative analyzes to understand the origin of the urban erosion process (natural and/or anthropic) and the effects resulting from natural phenomena and controlling by anthropic actions. As application of the method, two gullies located in areas with different characteristics were chosen, one in a rural to urban transition zone (peri-urban) and the other in an urbanized area. According to the results found the gullies analyzed are classified as very large, with the eroded volumes above 40000 m³, with high influence of city growth, which means the need to implement procedures and actions applied to risk management and reduction of impacts regarding the erosion.Keywords: Geological risk, erosion, land use.
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Delgado-Viñas, Carmen. „Reconversion of Agri-Food Production Systems and Deagrarianization in Spain: The Case of Cantabria“. Land 12, Nr. 7 (17.07.2023): 1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12071428.
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The term deagrarianization refers to the dwindling importance of agrarian activity as the economic and social basis of a rural area. Deagrarianization is reflected in the declining number of people engaged in agricultural production and a reduction in the relative importance of agricultural incomes. In addition to the economic consequences, deagrarianization also erodes the importance of the rural population in territorial organization and management and social functioning in rural areas. However, it is also true that the simultaneous shift towards the service economy in present-day rural economies and societies has not led to the disappearance of the rural space but, instead, given rise to new and multiple forms of rurality. The priority objective of the research on which this paper is based is to gain insight into the rural deagrarianization processes in Spain through the specific case of Cantabria. In order to analyze these dynamics, a series of basic indicators have been used. In order of importance, the main indicators employed were those related to the recent dynamics of agriculture, livestock, and forestry activity and the occupational structure of the population as regards its sectoral distribution, with particular attention being paid to the relative importance of livestock and forestry activities in relation to the direct exploitation of territorial resources. In the past, primary sector activities were very important in Cantabria, but their importance has steadily declined in both absolute and relative terms until reaching the current situation. In 2023, only 4579 people have been employed in agriculture out of a total of 214,574 active people (2.13%). It is very significant that between 2012 and 2021, the total number of employed people increased by 9.08% in Cantabria while the proportion of people employed in agricultural activities decreased by −12.90%. Farming is no longer the rural occupation par excellence; however, it continues to be important in most Cantabrian rural municipalities. The territorial distribution is even more revealing. Southern mountain municipalities can be considered the last stronghold of agricultural activity since, in most cases, more than a quarter of their active population is employed in this sector. These are also the rural areas with the highest levels of depopulation. In contrast, other activity sectors have also gained importance in rural areas, although not in the same way. In general, there is less service economy employment in inland rural municipalities, except in those that are county capitals offering services. Some rural, peri-urban, and coastal areas where tourism is more strongly developed also reach high values.
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Jabeen, Fatima, Zulfiqar Ali und Amina Maharjan. „Assessing Health Impacts of Winter Smog in Lahore for Exposed Occupational Groups“. Atmosphere 12, Nr. 11 (20.11.2021): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111532.
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The goal of this research was to investigate the health effects of winter pollution on various occupations in Lahore and its neighboring peri-urban areas. A questionnaire survey, key informants, and focused group discussions were employed to collect data, which included demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related information. Descriptive statistics and the multivariate logistic regression model (MLRM) were used to examine the effects of pollution on exposed occupational groups who experienced symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, and eye discomfort. According to data from interviews, MLRM revealed that individuals working in various occupations with outdoor and indoor environments are equally affected by winter smog, but being middle-aged (odds ratio OR = 5.73), having a history of a respiratory ailment (OR = 4.06), and location (OR = 2.26) all play important roles in determining health. However, less educated people, elders, and people who already live in polluted areas are more likely to develop respiratory health symptoms. During the smog incident, it was determined that diverse health and socioeconomic factors exacerbate an individual’s negative health impact more than others.
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Mondal, Dinabandhu. „Basic Service Provisioning in Peri-urban India: A Regional Perspective from Kolkata Metropolis“. Indian Journal of Human Development 15, Nr. 1 (April 2021): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09737030211000930.
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In the globalising world, rapid urbanisation and expansion of cities trigger complex interactions with the surrounding rural areas and transform them into peri-urban areas. The peri-urban transitional spaces around cities experience rapid population growth and occupational diversification. However, they suffer from poor infrastructure and service provisions and the living condition has also been deteriorating over time with increasing population pressure. This article tries to explore accessibility to basic services in the transitional interfaces in comparison with the urban core and rural counterparts, taking Kolkata metropolis as a case. Using village level household information obtained from Census 2011, a composite amenity index by principal component analysis and one-way analysis of variance have been used to assess the status of services. The study finds that the condition of basic service provisions in peri-urban areas is unsatisfactory and far behind from the urban areas. It therefore resembles the hypothesis of “degenerated periphery” that the expansion of cities creates peripheries without basic civic amenities and infrastructural facilities necessary for its residents for maintaining the standard of living.
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Thomas, Judy, Nedumaran Swamikannu, R. Vijayakumari und Ravi Nandi. „An Explorative Analysis of the Labour Market structure in the Peri-Urban area of Hyderabad Metropolitan Region“. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 14, Apr, 4 (27.04.2023): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2023.3329a.
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The study was undertaken during June–August, 2020 in the peri-urban areas of Hyderabad Metropolitan Region of Telangana under the department of Agricultural Economics, Professor Jayashanker Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana state, India. The objective was to explore the nature of gender gap in the labour market since peri-urban spaces capture changes better. Based on the Census survey data, descriptive analysis was employed in the study. The study revealed that urban sprawl did not guarantee working environment to men and women equally and women were either pushed out of workforce or rendered with marginal works. A gendered society in developing world was clearly pictured and occupational segregation was also observed in the study locations. The results also revealed the existence of distress employment with a rise in the female marginal workers compared to their male counterparts. Women workers were more into agricultural labour than male workers in the peri-urban study locations confirming feminisation of agriculture whereas other worker category which needs specialized skills were dominated by male workers. A decline in female work participation rate was indeed observed but a detailed look identified it as a rural phenomenon. In a nut shell, the results reflected that the rapid developments in the peri-urban region did not provide a similar working environment to both genders and further, the benefits of urbanization is yet to reach the rural continuum.
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Klohe, Katharina, Benjamin G. Koudou, Alan Fenwick, Fiona Fleming, Amadou Garba, Anouk Gouvras, Emma M. Harding-Esch et al. „A systematic literature review of schistosomiasis in urban and peri-urban settings“. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, Nr. 2 (25.02.2021): e0008995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008995.
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Background Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematode worms of the genus Schistosoma and belongs to the neglected tropical diseases. The disease has been reported in 78 countries, with around 290.8 million people in need of treatment in 2018. Schistosomiasis is predominantly considered a rural disease with a subsequent focus of research and control activities in rural settings. Over the past decades, occurrence and even expansion of schistosomiasis foci in peri-urban and urban settings have increasingly been observed. Rural–urban migration in low- and middle-income countries and subsequent rapid and unplanned urbanization are thought to explain these observations. Fifty-five percent (55%) of the world population is already estimated to live in urban areas, with a projected increase to 68% by 2050. In light of rapid urbanization and the efforts to control morbidity and ultimately achieve elimination of schistosomiasis, it is important to deepen our understanding of the occurrence, prevalence, and transmission of schistosomiasis in urban and peri-urban settings. A systematic literature review looking at urban and peri-urban schistosomiasis was therefore carried out as a first step to address the research and mapping gap. Methodology Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic computer-aided literature review was carried out using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the World Health Organization Database in November 2019, which was updated in March 2020. Only papers for which at least the abstract was available in English were used. Relevant publications were screened, duplicates were removed, guidelines for eligibility were applied, and eligible studies were reviewed. Studies looking at human Schistosoma infections, prevalence, and intensity of infection in urban and peri-urban settings were included as well as those focusing on the intermediate host snails. Principal findings A total of 248 publications met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies confirm that schistosomiasis is prevalent in peri-urban and urban areas in the countries assessed. Earlier studies report higher prevalence levels in urban settings compared to data extracted from more recent publications, yet the challenge of migration, rapid uncontrolled urbanization, and resulting poor living conditions highlight the potential for continuous or even newly established transmission to take place. Conclusions The review indicates that schistosomiasis has long existed in urban and peri-urban areas and remains a public health problem. There is, however, a challenge of comparability of settings due to the lack of a clear definition of what constitutes urban and peri-urban. There is a pressing need for improved monitoring of schistosomiasis in urban communities and consideration of treatment strategies.
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Anh, Vuong Tuan, Wim van der Hoek, Annette Kjær Ersbøll, Chan Vicheth, Phung Dac Cam und Anders Dalsgaard. „Peri-urban aquatic plant culture and skin disease in Phnom Penh, Cambodia“. Journal of Water and Health 7, Nr. 2 (01.02.2009): 302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.128.
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A cross-sectional study with follow-up was done in five communities involved in aquaculture in peri-urban Phnom Penh, Cambodia, to assess the association between skin disease, particularly dermatitis and occupational wastewater exposure. From 200 selected households 650 household members aged≥15 years were visited and examined dermatologically three times in July 2004, January and May 2005. Overall dermatitis prevalence was 6.1%. However, all cases (116) were found in the two wastewater villages involved in aquatic plant culture. Risk factor analysis restricted to the two wastewater villages showed that involvement in wastewater-fed aquatic plant production increased the risk of dermatitis in the univariable analysis but not in the multivariable analysis. Among family members involved in wastewater-fed aquatic plant production a longer duration of daily wastewater contact did not increase the risk of dermatitis in the multivariable analysis. Wet season, older age and having a history of skin problems in the three months prior to each survey were associated significantly with dermatitis. Very few aquaculture workers applied personal protection and the factor had no significant effect on dermatitis. The present study did not show a consistent association between occupational exposure to wastewater and dermatitis, unlike similar Vietnamese studies.
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Jakobsen, Frida, Thang Nguyen-Tien, Long Pham- Thanh, Vuong Nghia Bui, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Son Tran- Hai, Åke Lundkvist, Anh Bui- Ngoc und Johanna F. Lindahl. „Urban livestock-keeping and dengue in urban and peri-urban Hanoi, Vietnam“. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13, Nr. 11 (26.11.2019): e0007774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007774.
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Antunes, Ana, João Botelho, José João Mendes, Ana Sintra Delgado, Vanessa Machado und Luís Proença. „Geographical Distribution of Periodontitis Risk and Prevalence in Portugal Using Multivariable Data Mining and Modeling“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 20 (20.10.2022): 13634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013634.
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We aimed to estimate the geographical distribution of periodontitis prevalence and risk based on sociodemographic and economic data. This study used sociodemographic, economic, and health services data obtained from a regional survey and governmental open data sources. Information was gathered for all 308 Portuguese municipalities and compiled in a large set of 52 variables. We employed principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA) and clustering techniques to model the Portuguese nationwide geographical distribution of the disease. Estimation of periodontitis risk for each municipality was achieved by calculation of a normalized score, obtained as an adjusted linear combination of six independent factors that were extracted through PCA/FA. The municipalities were also classified according to a quartile-based risk grade in each cluster. Additionally, linear regression was used to estimate the periodontitis prevalence within the peri-urban municipality clusters, accounting for 30.5% of the Portuguese population. A total of nine municipality clusters were obtained with the following characteristics: mainly rural/low populated, including small villages (one), partly rural, including small cities (two), mainly urban/peri-urban, including medium-sized to large cities (4), and urban/large cities (2). Within the clusters, a higher periodontitis risk was identified for municipalities with lower income, older populations. The estimated periodontitis prevalence for the 18 municipalities included in the four peri-urban clusters ranged from 41.2% to 69.0%. Periodontitis prevalence estimates range from 41.2% to 69.0% for the municipalities characterized as peri-urban and mainly urban, most of them located in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, the tenth largest in Europe.