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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Pergélisols – Québec (Province) – Tasiujaq“
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Pergélisols – Québec (Province) – Tasiujaq"
Lanouette, Florence. „Stabilisation thermique des remblais construits sur le pergélisol sensible au dégel à l'aide d'une approche de conception tenant compte de l'accumulation de la neige“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69363.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn northern regions, preferential accumulation of an insulating snowpack along linear transportation infrastructures prevents the extraction of heat in winter. In permafrost terrain, this thermal equilibrium modification can be a significant cause of the underlying permafrost degradation, which affects the structural properties of the roadway. Since heat transfers through the snowpack are essentially controlled by the mechanism of conduction, its insulating effect can be counteracted by decreasing the thickness of snow on the slopes and at the toe of the embankment. To achieve this goal, the gentle slope promotes a laminar wind flow that blows snow away easily and, therefore, minimizes its accumulation. The main objective of this research project is to develop a design method aiming for thermal stabilization of linear transportation infrastructures built on permafrost by optimizing the embankment geometry to consider the preferential accumulation of snow. The general approach of the study relies on the use of a 2D model (produced with the modeling software TEMP/W) simulating the snowpack effect on the underlying ground. The monitoring of a transect at Tasiujaq airstrip, in Nunavik, documents the thermal regime in the ground and the evolution of the snowpack. Based on those data, the freezing n-factor was expressed as a function of the snow thickness following a logarithmic equation. This empirical relation is used as an upper boundary of the geothermal model. Once calibrated and validated with the data collected at theTasiujaq test site, the model allows to quantify the impact of the embankment geometry on the temperature gradient in the natural subgrade ground. This gradient is calculated from the temperature at the interface between the embankment and the ground and the temperature at the depth of zero annual amplitude. A temperature gradient of zero or less is aimed to preserve the permafrost. This ground thermal regime is obtained by correcting the temperature at the interface. Therefore, numeric simulations are run for six slopes between 45 and 14% and for three embankment thickness. Finally, these results are presented through an engineering tool calculating the slope needed to assure the thermal stability of the infrastructure depending of the embankment height.
Ficheur, Alban. „Expérimentation de techniques de mitigation des effets de la fonte du Pergelisol sur les infrastructures de transport du Nunavik : Aéroport de Tasiujaq“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28205/28205.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerreault, Julie. „Observations et modélisation numérique de l'influence des conditions de surface sur la dégradation du pergélisol dans la vallée Tasiapik à Umiujaq (Nunavik, Québec)“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67316.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the current context of global warming, the impacts of climate change including permafrost degradation are already being felt in subarctic regions such as Umiujaq in Nunavik (Quebec). The physical processes causing this degradation are poorly documented. The main objective of the research project is to study the impact of the spatial and temporal variability of surface conditions on heat transfer at the airsurface interface as well as on permafrost degradation. To achieve this objective, infrared photographs of several permafrost mounds at Umiujaq were taken to identify the characteristic surface conditions of the study site. Based on these different conditions, thirty-five autonomous temperature probes were buried below the ground surface to monitor surface temperature variations on an hourly basis. The relationships between the surface temperatures and air temperature show that the surface conditions significantly control heat transfer at the air-surface interface as well as the thermal regime of the permafrost allowing the identification of a permafrost degradation sequence (in decreasing order : mudboils, lichens and mosses, development of thermokarst lakes and shrubbification). This monitoring of air and surface temperatures was used to constrain a numerical model of advectiveconductive heat transfer in permafrost terrain. A training period was first considered and then the observed climate variability was reproduced in the model. Different scenarios of global warming, formation of a thermokarst pond and vegetation invasion were considered. Simulated results show that changes in surface condition can result in an increase of temperatures in the permafrost mound up to 1.5 °C, the migration of the permafrost base up to 4 m towards the surface and a decrease in the extent of the permafrost mound up to 7 m.
Verreault, Jean. „Caractérisation du pergélisol et stratégie d'adaptation pour les aéroports du Nunavik“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26327.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVinet, Frédéric. „Géomorphologie, stratigraphie et évolution du niveau marin holocène d'une vallée soumise à des conditions macrotidales en régression forcée, région de Tasiujaq, Nunavik“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25059/25059.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBanville, David-Roy. „Modélisation cryohydrogéologique tridimensionnelle d'un bassin versant pergélisolé : une étude cryohydrogéophysique de proche surface en zone de pergélisol discontinu à Umiujaq au Québec Nordique“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26597.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLarrivée, Éric. „Tomographie électromagnétique du pergélisol près d'Umiujaq, Nunavik (Québec)“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24147/24147.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCochand, Marion. „Étude hydrogéochimique des eaux souterraines dans un environnement pergélisolé en voie de dégradation, Umiujaq, Nunavik, Québec“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36715.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa première partie, chapitre 2, résume l’état actuel des connaissances sur l’hydrogéochimie des eaux souterraines dans les régions affectées par le pergélisol et sur les impacts potentiels de la dégradation du pergélisol sur la qualité des eaux souterraines. Les caractéristiques hydrogéochimiques des eaux souterraines dans les zones de pergélisol dépendent des mêmes réactions que dans les régions où il n’y a pas de pergélisol. Cependant, le pergélisol agit comme une couche confinante qui peut influencer la chimie des eaux souterraines en empêchant la recharge directe des aquifères et en augmentant le. Un temps de résidence, favorisant ainsi plus long augmente également les interactions eau-roche. Un des impacts majeurs des changements climatiques sur les eaux souterraines sera associé à la perte de cette couche confinante. Les futures études en lien avec l’hydrogéologie en zone de pergélisol devraient donc inclure une meilleure caractérisation hydrogéochimique insitu afin de mieux évaluer l’impact du réchauffement climatique sur les eaux souterraines. La deuxième partie, chapitre 3, utilise l’hydrogéochimie comme outil pour mieux comprendre la dynamique de la recharge et développer un modèle conceptuel pour l’écoulement des eaux souterraines dans la vallée de Tasiapik. Cette étude se base sur l’analyse d’échantillons de précipitations, d’eau souterraine, de glace du pergélisol, de lacs de thermokarst et de cours d’eau. L’hydrogéochimie des eaux souterraines dans le bassin versant est typique d’eaux jeunes, avec une faible minéralisation. Cela implique des circulations et des temps de résidence relativement courts. Ce jeu de données hydrogéochimiques pourra servir de référence pour documenter les impacts des changements climatiques sur le système hydrogéologique et l’interprétation qui en est tirée permettra de mieux comprendre la dynamique des eaux souterraines d’aquifères en régions froides.
L’eau souterraine dans le bassin versant d’Umiujaq répond aux normes de qualité canadiennes et québécoises pour l’eau potable. Cependant, la distance entre la vallée et la communauté rendent le site peu propice pour l’alimentation en eau d’Umiujaq. Ces résultats sont encourageants pour l’utilisation d’eau souterraine comme ressource ailleurs au Nunavik et dans les régions circumpolaires. La vulnérabilité de cette ressource potentielle doit néanmoins être considérée et la délimitation de zones de protections en fonction de l’état du pergélisol doit être envisagée pour éviter toute contamination de cette ressource fragile. En résumé, cette étude a apporté des données détaillées sur l’hydrogéochimie des eaux souterraines en zone de pergélisol discontinu qui combinées à des modèles hydrogéologiques et thermiques, ont permis de mieux comprendre les interactions entre les eaux souterraines et le pergélisol dans un environnement vulnérable soumis à des pressions économiques et climatiques.
The first part, Chapter 2, provides a summary of the current state of knowledge of groundwater hydrogeochemistry in permafrost-affected areas and reviews the potential impacts of permafrost degradation on groundwater quality. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in permafrost areas depend on the same reactions as in permafrost-free areas. As a confining layer, permafrost can influence groundwater chemistry by limiting recharge and exchanges between the soil, surface water and groundwater. Longer residence times also increase water-rock interactions. One of the most important impacts of climate change on groundwater will probably be associated with the loss of the confining layer. In permafrost areas, there is a general lack of detailed hydrogeological studies which use direct groundwater sampling. Future studies related to hydrogeology in permafrost areas should therefore include better in-situ hydrogeochemical characterization to assess the potential for using groundwater as the climate warms. The second part, Chapter 3, uses hydrogeochemistry as a tool to better understand recharge dynamics and to develop a conceptual model for groundwater flow in the Tasiapik Valley, Umiujaq. This study is based on the analysis of samples taken from precipitation, groundwater, ice from permafrost mounds and from thermokarst lakes and streams. Groundwater hydrogeochemistry in the watershed is typical for young waters, with low mineralization. This implies relatively short flow paths (on the order of 100-1000 m) and short residence times. This hydrogeochemical dataset will provide a reference for documenting the impacts of climate change on the hydrogeological system and will improve our understanding of groundwater dynamics in cold-region aquifers.
Groundwater in the Umiujaq watershed meets Canadian and Quebec drinking water quality standards. However the distance between the valley and the Umiujaq community makes the site unfavourable as a local water supply. These results are promising for the use of groundwater as a water supply elsewhere in Nunavik and in circumpolar regions. The vulnerability of this potential resource must nevertheless be taken into account and the delineation of protection zones considering the state of permafrost must be considered to avoid contamination of this fragile resource. Finally, this study provides detailed baseline data on groundwater hydrogeochemistry in a discontinuous permafrost zone. This data, combined with hydrogeological and thermal models, will provide a better understanding of the interactions between groundwater and permafrost in a sensitive environment undergoing significant climate change and economic development.
Arctic and subarctic regions are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Higher air temperatures, for example, lead to permafrost warming which decreases its thickness and spatial coverage. Permafrost degradation has consequences on ecosystems, landscapes, the stability of soils, buildings and infrastructure, as well as on local populations and their way of life. The effect of permafrost degradation on groundwater is likely to result in the loss of the confining layer formed by permafrost, thereby promoting aquifer recharge and modifying interactions between surface water and groundwater. However, the effect of permafrost degradation on groundwater quality and availability is still largely unknown. With increasing concerns of rapid global warming, this thesis was motivated by the lack of information on groundwater in discontinuous permafrost regions and the potential of groundwater as a drinking water resource for communities in Nunavik (Quebec, Canada). This project focuses on understanding groundwater flow and groundwater quality in the Tasiapik Valley, a small watershed located in a discontinuous permafrost zone near Umiujaq, Nunavik, Quebec. Insights into the hydrogeological system are provided by conducting a comprehensive hydrogeochemical analysis of groundwater, surface water, precipitation and water contained in ice-rich permafrost. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part (Chapter 2) presents a review of the existing scientific literature on groundwater hydrogeochemistry. The second part (Chapter 3) presents a specific hydrogeochemical study of groundwater in the Tasiapik Valley. The thesis also includes a general Introduction (Chapter 1), Synthesis (Chapter 4) and Conclusions (Chapter 5).
Pelletier, Maude. „Geomorphological, ecological and thermal time phase of permafrost degradation, Tasiapik, Nunavik (Québec, Canada)“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25766.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSix places-échantillons représentatives de la séquence temporelle écologique associée à la dégradation du pergélisol ont été sélectionnées sur un plateau silteux à pergélisol riche en glace à proximité d'Umiujaq, au Nunavik. Le présent travail a pour objectif de déterminer les changements qui se produisent dans les flux de chaleur entre les trois niveaux de l'écosystème (végétation / couverture de neige, couche active, pergélisol) ainsi que les rétroactions qui surviennent lors de la dégradation du pergélisol et à quantifier la vitesse de la transition à partir de photographies aériennes et la dendrochronologie. Pour répondre aux objectifs, la méthodologie utilisée suit le protocole du programme Adaptation et Dévelopement de l’Arctique sur le Pergélisol en Transition (ADAPT), intégrant l’analyse de données écologiques, climatiques, stratigraphiques et thermiques. Les résultats obtenus illustrent une évolution exponentielle des facteurs de dégradation du pergélisol sur une période estimée à environ 90 ans; lent durant les 60 premières années, et significativement plus rapide durant les 30 dernières années.
Six plots, representative of the regional ecological time sequence associated with permafrost degradation, were selected on a silty ice-rich permafrost plateau near Umiujaq, Nunavik. The objective of the present work is to determine the changes that occur in the flow of energy between the three layers of the ecosystem (vegetation / snow cover, active layer, permafrost) and the feedbacks that occur during the degradation of permafrost and to quantify the rate of the transition using time-lapse aerial photographs and tree ring analysis. In order to respond to these objectives, the methodology follows the ADAPT (Arctic Development and Adaptation on Permafrost in Transition) protocol, including ecological, climate, stratigraphic and thermal data analysis. The results show exponential evolution of permafrost degradation factors over a period of time of about 90 years; slowly during the first 60 years, and significantly faster during the last 30 years.
Crevecoeur, Sophie. „Diversité microbienne associée au cycle du méthane dans les mares de fonte du pergélisol subarctique“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26939.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thawing and collapse of ice-rich permafrost in the subarctic region of Quebec has given rise to thaw ponds (thermokarst ponds) that emit the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere. However, the microbial community composition that underlies biogeochemical processes in thaw ponds has been little investigated, particularly concerning the diversity and activity of micro-organisms involved in the methane cycle. The objective of this thesis study was to determine the phylogenetic and functional diversity of micro-organisms in subarctic thaw ponds, and the relationships with environmental properties and methane emission. To that aim, we sampled ten thaw ponds in four different valleys located across a permafrost degradation gradient with distinct physico-chemical properties. Depending on valley, the ponds were derived either from the thawing of a palsa (peat-mound) or lithalsa (mineral-mound), which influenced the nature of organic carbon available for microbial remineralization. During summer, the ponds were observed to be well-stratified; there were with strong physico-chemical gradients down the water column, with an upper oxic layer and a bottom low oxygen or anoxic layer. To identify the factors influencing microbial community composition, we used high throughput sequencing techniques targeting transcripts of 16S rRNA gene, and additionally targeted genes involved in the methane cycle: mcrA for methanogenesis and pmoA for methanotrophy. As a proxy of microbial activity, we also measured the concentration of functional gene transcripts using with quantitative PCR (qPCR). The results showed a striking dominance of micro-organisms involved in the methane cycle, namely methanogenic Archaea and methanotrophic Bacteria. The pmoA analyses implied that methanotrophic Bacteria were not only active in the surface, but also in the bottom waters where oxygen concentrations were minimal; this was unexpected given their need for oxygen in methane consumption. In general, the microbial community properties were largely determined by the origin of the ponds (palsa versus lithalsa), and much less so by the extent of permafrost degradation. The key environmental variables pH, phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon likely contributed to the differentiation of microbial community between the palsa and lithalsa valleys. With intensification of climate warming, these microbial communities will face changing conditions that are likely to modify their taxonomic composition, and these responses are likely to differ between ponds in the two landscape types. Oxygenation of the ponds will likely be subject to major shifts in the future associated with changes in the duration of the ice-free season and the extent of stratification. Such changes will impact the balance between methanogenesis and methanotrophy, and thereby affect the net rates of methane emission. However, the results obtained here indicate that methanogenic Archaea and methanotrophic Bacteria have strategies to survive and remain active beyond the limit of their usual oxygen preferences.